OS at Royal Latex original - final.docx

8/14/2019 OS at Royal Latex original - final.docx

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1.1 INTRODUCTION

Rubber products are having great influence in our

day to day life, as we know the use of the rubber products, surgical air bags and

gloves, mats, many other small products. An organization sustains with the

corporation and coordination of the employees to achieve the organizational

goals.

Practice is the best way by which one can achieve perfection. Practice makes one

feel and understand the same idea or thing again and again. The more one

practices, the more errorless one becomes. One doesn't repeat the errors that were

done previously.

As master of business administration we have to be aware of not only the

theoretical aspect of the business but also practicability in the same. The business

is undergoing cut throat competition and only the fittest can survive. Their for the

management students must be competitive to update their knowledge in order to

win stand in the competition

MG university has a special topic to the syllabus namely ORGANISATION

STUDY to give practical knowledge about an organization and to make the

students very sensitive to the changes to the business world


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1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study covers overall functioning of Royal latex. There is

much scope in Royal latex for organization study hence it is one of the leading

firms in the industry with various departments. Entire operation of the

organization is analyzed with the data available. Study is mainly based upon the

nature of work carried out by each department. The organizational structure and

working conditions in Royal latex definitely helped me to understand how a big

organization is functioning.

1.3OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

1. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE

To study in detail the overall functions of Royal latex and make a report of

the same

1. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE

To study the departmental functions, polices, procedures carried out in theorganization

To interact with the managers of different designations and to know theirresponsibilities and routine activities

To observe workers at their working place and to interact with them To observe work culture existing in the organization To know the financial and economic position of the company


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1.4 METHODOLOGY

Source of data The relevant data for the study here is collected from the

following sources:-

Primary Source Secondary Source

Primary data:-

Primary data are collected through discussions and interviews with theofficials of various departments, employees and workers.

Secondary data:-

Annual reports Company websites Company documents and files


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1.5 TOOLS AND TECHNIQES

In this project report study schedule method interviews and observation

were the method used to collect data.

1.6 PERIOD OF STUDY

A significant period is necessary for analytical study for its clarity

standardization of data. A period of 30 days is used to make a glimpse over the

firm to know the core of its functional methods.

1.7 DATA ANALYSIS

SWOT analysis is used to analyze the data of the organization study .

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This study is conducted to find out the various departmental functions, day to

day activities, to get aware of welfare activities and to get the all the prevailing

factors in Royal latex.

1.9 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The reliability of the data used in this study mainly depends

upon the companys recorded information provided by the employees of the

organization. Information about the procedure in the production department is not

familiar to Ordinary people. An in- depth study of all the employees of the

organization cannot be carried out due to shortage of time. The confidentialmatters of the company are not shared with outsiders.


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1.10 CHAPTER SCHEME

The entire study is divided into different chapters. This project mainly

divided into six chapters. Each chapter contains a title and subtitles. The main

chapters are introduction, industrial profile, company profile, organization profile,

department profile and the SWOT analysis

Chapter 1:- The first chapter includes introduction part

Chapter 2:- The second chapter deals with the Industry profile and world,

Indian and State scenarios

Chapter 3:- This chapter is included with the company profile, product

details, production process and organizational structure

Chapter 4:- It is the most important chapter which contains the

departmental details

Chapter 5:- This chapter deals with the swot analysis, observations and

suggestions

Chapter 6:- This is the last chapter which is included with the conclusion

part of the study


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1.11 REASONS FOR SELECTING THE COMPANY

Royal Latex is the third largest supplier of centrifuged latex in India Better structure of the company Impressive communication of the employees Proper guidance and accurate details supplied by the company Increasing profit margin of the company Proper code of conduct and discipline maintained in the company Motivation provide by the HR manager and other employees for

conducting the OS


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2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Since the establishment of the first rubber products

manufacturing unit in 1921, the Indian rubber products manufacturing industry

has undergone remarkable growth and expansion, particularly during the post-

independence era. It has achieved overall development by increasing its size,

spatial distribution, technological sophistication and more prominently the wide

range of products manufactured. Besides its self-sufficiency by catering to the

entire domestic demand, the industry has broken new barriers on the export front

as well. This chapter gives an overview on rubber and rubber products, their

production, classification, distribution and consumption pattern, their imports and

exports.

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

The rubber product manufacturing industry in India is

basically divided into two major sectors: tyre and non-tyre. The tyre sector

produces all types of automotive and nonautomotive tyres whereas the non-tyre

sector produces high technology and sophisticated products and comprises the

medium scale, small scale and tiny units. Barring industries engaged in raw

rubber production, there are approx. 4800 rubber based product manufacturing

units comprising 30 large scale, 300 medium scale and around 4470 SSI and tiny

sector units, employing four lakh people, including around 22000 technically qua

lified support personnel, with a turnover of 200 billion rupees and contributing 40billion rupees to the National Exchequer through taxes, duties and other levies.

Rubber products industry thus plays a core sector role in the Indian national

economy (AIRIA, 2003)


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INDUSTRY SCENARIO

Indian Rubber industry is well established and self-sufficient

in all respect i.e. Natural Rubber, all Ingredients, Machinery, Technical

manpower etc. Only deficiency is in the area of Synthetic Rubber, majority of

which is imported to meet the requirement. Rubber industry of the country has

developed to a modern state in case of organized sector companies like tyre and

some of the non-tyre units but the conditions with majority of small scale units are

far from satisfactory level. During last three decades industry has been adopting

modern technology and upgrading the machinery and process as well as

employing qualified persons. Some of the educational institution like IIT,

Kharagpur & Delhi, MIT, Chennai, MG University, Kottayam and some of thePolytechnic & Organizations are imparting education in the field of Rubber

Chemistry & Technology, which is useful to the industry.

The history of the Indian Rubber Industry

dates back to 1921 with the setting up of the first rubber goods manufacturing unit

in Kolkata, Dixie Aye Rubber Factory (now Bengal Water Proof Ltd.) for water

proofing of fabrics. The Bengal Water Proof Ltd. is now a leading manufacturer

in the non-tyre sector under the trade name Duck Back. Since then the industry

has completed eight decades of fruitful development and growth particularly in

the post-independence period and at present, it plays a vital core sector role in

national economy. It reflected in the consumption of raw rubber by 28 fold from

29 KT to 802 KT by 1955 56 to 2000-01. The number of rubber industries has

shot up from about 500 to over 6000. What is more remarkable is the annual

compound growth rate of 8%, which it has achieved over the last four and a half

decades NR Production - Backbone of the Industry. The world NR production is

geographically concentrated in Asia, which accounts for about 92.8% of the total


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production. In fact, the four largest producers namely Thailand, Indonesia,

Malaysia and India control more than 80% of the world Natural Rubber

production

2.2 WORLD SCENARIO

The world rubber production is geographically

concentrated in Asia, which accounts for about 92.8% of the total production. Infact, the four largest producers namely Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and India

control more than 80% of the world Natural Rubber production

According to the International Rubber Study Group (IRSG),

the world natural rubber production increased by 6.1% to 10.3 million tons in

2010, compared to a negative growth of 4.2% during 2009. Global synthetic

rubber production during 2010 registered a growth of 14.2 % to 14.00 million

tons as against 12.26 million tons in 2009. Global natural rubber consumption

increased to 10.67 million tons in 2010 registering a growth of 14.4% compared

to 9.33 million tons in 2009 due to demand for vehicles and tyres. Global

synthetic rubber consumption increased to 13.86 million tons during 2010 from

11.94 million tons during 2009, recording a growth of 16.1%. World NR and SR

consumption ratio remained unchanged during 2010 and it was 44:56.


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World rubber consumptionI RSG: Wor ld Rubber I ndustry Outlook

Jun/2011,

TOTAL RUBBER

VOLUME %ANNUAL

GROWTH

(IN TONES)

2008 22656 -3.6

2009 21348 -5.8

2010 24610 15.32011 25718 4.5

2012 27637 7.5

2013-2015 31044 3.9

2015-2020 35852 2.9

1.1


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2.3 INDIAN SCENARIO

The history of the Indian Rubber Industry dates back to 1921

with the setting up of the first rubber goods manufacturing unit in Kolkata, Dixie

Aye Rubber Factory (now Bengal Water Proof Ltd.) for water proofing of fabrics.

The Bengal Water Proof Ltd. is now a leading manufacturer in the non-tyre sector

under the trade name Duck Back. Since then the industry has completed eight

decades of fruitful development and growth particularly in the post-independence

period and at present, it plays a vital core sector role in national economy. It

reflected in the consumption of raw rubber by 28 fold from 29 KT to 802 KT by

1955 56 to 2000-01. The number of rubber industries has shot up from about

500 to over 6000. What is more remarkable is the annual compound growth rate

of 8%, which it has achieved over the last four and a half decades NR Production

- Backbone of the Industry

Since the establishment of the first

rubber products manufacturing unit in 1921, the Indian rubber products

manufacturing industry has undergone remarkable growth and expansion,

particularly during the post-independence era. It has achieved overall

development by increasing its size, spatial distribution, technological

sophistication and more prominently the wide range of products manufactured.

Besides its self-sufficiency by catering to the entire domestic demand, the

industry has broken new barriers on the export front as well.


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INDIAS POSITION IN GLOAL SCENARIO OF NATURAL

RUBBER-

SECOND IN PRODUCTIVITY FOURTH IN PRODUCTION FOURTH IN CONSUMPTION FIFTH IN AREA

Since the establishment of the first rubber goods

manufacturing unit in 1921 at Kolkata, the Indian rubber industry has maintained

its forward march, particularly during the post-independence period. It has

achieved overall expansion through increase in the range of products

manufactured, in the number of units, in technological sophistication and self-

sufficiency. Besides catering to the entire domestic demand, the industry is

breaking new barriers on the export front. It projects tremendous growth in the

21st century. The factors responsible for this phenomenal expansion are vast

internal market, rapid industrialization, on-going economic reforms, and

improved living standards of the masses.

India is the fourth largest producer of natural rubber and

second largest consumer of natural rubber; and fifth largest consumer of natural

rubber and synthetic rubber together in the world. India is the worlds largest

manufacturer of reclaim rubber. India is first in productivity of natural rubber.

The per capita consumption of rubber in India is only 990 Gms. against 9 to 16

kilos in Japan, USA and Europe. This envisages tremendous growth prospects of

the industry in the years to come. With around 6000 units comprising 30 large

scales, 300 medium scales and around 5670 SSI / tiny sector units, manufacturing


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35000 rubber products, employing directly 400 hundred thousand people,

including around 22000 technically qualified support personnel. The Indian

Rubber Industry plays a core sector role in the Indian national economy. The

industry has certain distinct advantages like - an extensive plantation sector;

indigenous availability of the basic raw materials, like natural rubber, synthetic

rubber, reclaim rubber, carbon black, rubber chemicals, fatty acids, rayon, and

nylon yarn and so on; large domestic market; availability of cheap labour; training

facility in various technical institutes; improved living standards of the masses.

All these ground support help the Indian rubber industry to poise for an all-round

development and a quantum jump in production and technology up gradation innear future. The wide range of rubber products manufactured by the Indian rubber

industry comprises all types of heavy duty earth moving tyres, auto tyres, tubes,

automobile parts, footwear, beltings, hoses, cycle tyres and tubes, cables and

wires, camelback, battery boxes, latex products, pharmaceutical goods, besides

moulded and extruded goods for mass consumption. The products manufactured

also cover hi-tech industrial items.

The important areas which the industry caters to include all

the three wings of defense, civil, aviation, aeronautics, railways, agriculture,

transport as also textiles, engineering industries, pharmaceuticals, mines, steel

plants, ports, family planning programs, hospitals, sports, i.e. practically to every

conceivable field. India rubber industry is basically divided into two sectors - tyre

and non-tyre. The tyre sector produces all types of auto tyres, conventional as

well as radial tyres and exports to advanced countries like USA, EU etc. The non-

tyre sector comprises the large, medium scale, small scale and tiny units. It

produces high technology and sophisticated industrial products. The small-scale

sector accounts for over 50% of production of rubber goods in the non-tyre sector.

The Indian rubber products have been exported to around 190 countries in the

world including USA, Russia, UK, Bangladesh, Italy, Nepal, Germany, Oman,


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France, Saudi Arabia, UAE, African countries etc. and exports have gone up

manifold. The yardstick to measure the growth rate of the industry is rubber

consumption. Besides yearly consumption of rubbers - natural, synthetic and

reclaim, there are other raw materials like carbon black, rubber chemicals, tyre

cords, plasticizers, process oils, zinc oxide, stearic acid, titanium dioxide, and

other miscellaneous chemicals which are mostly available indigenously. This

apart, almost all types of major rubber machinery are being manufactured in the

country.

THE INDIAN RUBBER BOARD

The Indian Rubber Board was constituted under the Rubber

(Production and Marketing) Act, 1947. This act was passed on the recommendation of an

adhoc committee appointed by the Government of India in 1945 and it came into force on

19 April 1947. The Rubber Production and Marketing (Amendment) Act of 1954 made

certain changes in the constitution of the Board and amended its name as The Rubber

Board. This act came into force on 1st August 1955. The Rubber Act was furtheramended by the Rubber Amendment Act 1960 which made certain alterations in the rate

and procedure of collection of cess on rubber. It was again amended by the Rubber

(Amendment) Act 1982 to enable the Central Government to appoint a part-time

Chairman/whole time Chairman for the Board and an Executive Director on whole time

basis (if considered necessary by the Central Government) to exercise such powers and

perform such duties as may be prescribed or delegated to him by the chairman. This Act

came into force on 23rd October 1982. The Chairman who is the administrative head of

the Board, exercises control over all the nine departments. Viz. Administration, RubberProduction, Research, Rubber Processing & Product Development, Statistics & Planning,

Finance & Accounts, Training, Market Promotion and Licensing & Excise duty. Publicity


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& Public Relations, Planning, Internal Audit & Vigilance Divisions function directly

under the Chairman. The functions of the Board as defined under the Act are:

1. To promote by such measures as it thinks fit the development of the

rubber industry.

2. Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision the

measures referred to therein may provide for:

a) Undertaking, assisting or encouraging scientific, technological or economic

research.

b) Training students in improved methods of planting, cultivation, manuring and

spraying.

c) The supply of technical advice to rubber growers.

d) Improving the marketing of rubber.

e) The collection of statistics from owners of estates, dealers and manufacturers.

f) Securing better working conditions and the provision and improvement of

amenities and incentives to workers.g) Carrying out any other duties which may be vested with the Board as per rules

made under this Act.

3. It shall also be the duty of the Board:

a) To advise the Central Government on all matters relating to the development of

the rubber industry, including the import and export of rubber.

b) To advise the Central Government with regard to participation in any

international conference or scheme relating to rubber.

c) To submit to the Central Government and such other authorities as may be

prescribed, half

Yearly reports on its activities and the working of this act, and


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d) To prepare and furnish such other reports relating to the rubber industry as may

be required by

The Central Government from time to time.

India is a country of great human resources. In India, Rubber production has rose

by 4.3% this is because of the excessive rain and favorable natural conditions of

environment. In Sep 2009 total rubber production is 77,500 tones. At present

rubber industry is one of the fastest growing industries than other industries. One

record shows that India has about 6000 rubber manufacturing units. This unit

produced 35000 kinds of different rubber items

Boom comes in the automobile industry is one of the biggest factor of this big

growth. If we took a glace in the production of tyre production than

manufacturing has increased from 3.48 lakh tones (last year) to 3.75 lakh tones

(this year). Natural rubber production is increase 7.6%. This is also a major

contributing factor to the growth of rubber production India is the largest

manufacturer of reclaim rubber. It comes on the third largest producer of rubber

all over the world and this is a record.

In the part of consumption of rubber goods India comes on the fourth position. In

natural and synthetic rubber goods consumption it comes on the fifth largest

country. At present India is not only supplying the rubber of domestic market but

also fulfilling the International requirements. UAE, Germany, UK, USA and

France are the biggest customer of these rubber products. As consumption level

has increased so more avenues are explored for the export in Asian countries. The

demand of rubber products can never vanish because of engineering,pharmaceutical and railways industries has developed, in which these rubber

products are used. Thus we can say there is always a scope for betterment. In

India, There are basically two types of rubber industries. One is latex uses as a


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raw material and the second one uses rubber sheets for the production of rubber

products. Various natural factors and manmade factors played a part in the

development in the rubber production. There is an easy availability of raw

material and labor. Training institutes also provide the training to this labor that

helped in the growth of this sector. Due to this the lifestyle of common man and

the demand of quality products increased all over the world. Because of this there

has been seen 8% growth in this sector. This gives the boost of Indian economy

and livelihood to many homes. Advance machinery like Rubber cutting machines

giving a new way to Rubber industry.

Tires are the number one product that the rubber industry makes. Many people

who have firestone tires in their vehicles went out and bought new tries because

they know this is safe. Dueto the new techniques and good public relations rubber

industry gives an economical strength to India. Rubber products are mainly used

in industry for commercial purpose and also for residential use. Rubber has

positioned itself quite strongly in every sector. And this industry is serving

various applications used for day to day life. This is great achievement for India.

Sun Exim, reclaimrubber manufacturers & exporters, has established its worth and

versatility by use in automobile tyres, butyl tubes, cycle tyres & tubes, battery

containers, tread rubber, belts & hoses, molded & extruded products. Recycling

is an ecological necessity; but reclaiming plays a crucial role in the economy as

well. Reclaim rubber helps in save energy and it is ecofriendly. Reclaim is a

process of de-polymerization, wherein vulcanized waste rubber is ground, treated

with application of heat, chemicals and is then intensely worked mechanically. A

total re-use of waste rubber.


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Forecast

According to Rubber Board, the production of naturalrubber for the year 2011-12 is projected at 9.02 lakh tons with a growth rate of

4.6% and the projected consumption for the year 2011-12 is 9.77 lakh tons with a

growth of 2.9%. For the year 2011-12, import and exports are projected at 1.2

lakh tons and 50,000 tons respectively.

IMPORT AN EXPORT

As per the statistics published by the Directorate General of

Commercial Intelligence & Statistics (DGCI&S), India has imported 177,637 tons

of natural rubber during 2010-11 against the import of 177,130 tons during 2009-

10. Exporters have utilized the advantage of price differential between domestic

and international price during the initial and terminal months and exported 29,851

tons of natural rubber during 2010-11 compared to 25,090 tons exported during

the previous year. The stock of natural rubber as on 31st March 2011 was at

277,600 tons.

Import of synthetic rubber by the user industry during

2010-11 increased to 302,030 tons compared to 250,210 tons during 2009-10.


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2.4 STATE SCENARIO

Rubber is an important crop of Kerala. Lots of rubber

products are made now which are inevitable for modern life. Prosperity of a

country is measured by the percapita consumption of rubber also. Rubber plays an

important role in Kerala which decides the economy and social development of

Kerala. India is in third place in the production of rubber in world. 90% of rubber

in India is produced in Kerala. Rubber Technology course deals with the

production of rubber, processing of rubber and rubber product manufacture.

Rubber is a significant commodity for

Kerala economy and any price falls follows political ramifications in the state.

Price increases are also not received well by the tyre manufactures and other

consuming industries. Moreover, large number of small growers, significant

presence of growers, cooperatives, State administered procurement programs,

inconsistent import and export policies and manufacturing facilities spread across

the country are factors that has made rubber prices significantly volatile.

The Company expects rubber futures could help the rubber cooperatives

who have commitment to provide remunerative prices to growers significantly

because futures contracts will help them to decide the procurement price, will

help to design forward contracts to suit the needs of growers. And also will help

growers through price discovery. Industries with natural rubber as the raw

material too would be able take advantage of rubber futures to manage the price

risk in a better way.

Most traded grades in India are ISNR 10 (Indian Standard Natural Rubber)

and ISNR 20. In Kerala, Kottayam and Kochi are the major trading centers


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3.1 COMPANY PROFILE

ROYAL LATEX

It is this very ethos that has shaped their vision over the years,

unwavering attention to the needs of their customers in India and abroad.

Established in 1999, Royal Latex is a producer of high quality 60% Centrifuged

Latex HA and LA, Skimmed Crepe, RSS4, ISNR and EBC. Located in

Kanjirapally amidst Indias largest rubber plantations, the state of the art factory

possesses a production capacity of 6000MT annually .The climate and the soil

conditions in Kanjirapally, laterite and alluvial soil, rainfall of around 250cm per

annum, a temperature range of about 200c to 340c and atmospheric humidity of

80%, ensure that Royal Latex receives a consistent supply of the finest quality

Field Latex, the raw material for the production of rubber


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The climate and the soil conditions in Kanjirapally,

laterite and alluvial soil, rainfall of around 250cm per annum, a temperature range

of about 200c to 340c and atmospheric humidity of 80%, ensure that Royal Latex

receives a consistent supply of the finest quality Field Latex, the raw material for

the production of rubber. Royal Latex is proud to proclaim itself as ecologically

friendly company. Impact on the environment is controlled by a biological

treatment plant that functions without the use of chemicals and reductants. Timely

delivery of consignments to customers the world over is ensured by a dedicated

transportation fleet and the proximity of the factory to Kottayam, the hub of the

rubber industry in India and the port of Kochi on the south western coast of India.factory

Royal latex is a multinational company which has Export to

different countries. Royal latex has export to countries such as Brazil, Mexico,

USA, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Etc. Royal latex have

employees ranging from 150 to 200.Royal latex works 24 hours in a day, with 2

shifts. Employees are divided into two groups, which one group works in the

morning shift and the other at night. Most of the employees are north Indians, so

the company provides them accommodation facilities


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QUALITY POLICY OF THE COMPANY

We committed to customer delight by providing excellent quality, products andservices achieved through continued improvement of our quality management

system

3.2 PRODUCTS

CENTRIFUGED LATEX

Royal Latex manufactures Centrifuged Latex considered among

the best in the world for a host of customers including manufacturers of condoms,

Balloons, Adhesive mattresses and other rubber products. The machinery that is

used to produce Centrifuged Latex are the Alfa Laval 710 Centrifuges

manufactured in Sweden.

DOUBLE CENTRIFUGED LATEX

Double Centrifuged Latex is highly purified Latex concentrate prepared by

recentrifuging centrifuged latex that has been suitably diluted. As a result the

water extractable proteins and non- rubber constituents are further reduced. Films

prepared from DC latex exhibit greater clarity, low water absorption and high

dielectric properties. DC Latex finds applications in surgical dipped goods and

other specialized premium latex products where these properties are important.

The Latex is generally very stable and has good storage properties


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ROYAL SPECIAL GRADE

Royal Special Grade is high quality Latex, which can be made

according to the specific requirements of customers who require higher quality

Latex with low VFA & Non Rubber content. For Royal Special Grade VFA 0.02

max and NRC 1.2 max is standard.

ROYAL LATEX HA

Royal Latex HA, Ammoniated Latex, is a high quality, high

performance Latex. The primary applications for Royal Latex HA include dipped

goods, carpet backing, foam rubber and rubberized coir.

Royal Latex LA

Royal Latex ammoniated latex is high quality

Centrifuged Latex designed primarily for processes where low ammonia is

preferred. The ammonia content of LA Latex does not exceed 0.29%. The

Preservation system in Royal Latex LA consists of a low ammonia concentration

in combination with Tetramethlythiuram Disulfide and Zinc Oxide. It is primarily

used for the manufacture of dipped goods, coatings, adhesives and extruded

rubber thread


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ROYALS RIBBED SMOKED SHEETS

Produced exclusively from properly dried and

smoked, coagulated rubber sheets by excluding block, cuttings, scrap, frothy,

weak, heated, burnt, air dripped or smooth sheets and visually graded.

Royal Latex manufactures specialized Sheet Rubber

under the brand names RSS 001, RSS 004 and RSS 005. RSS 001 is specially

made for sports bladder and other rubber sports goods manufacturers, tyre tubes

and aircraft tyres, which require higher tensile strength. By using RSS 001, tensile

strength of the product increases by 20 to 30 percent more than a competitors

product. Foam manufacturers use this rubber, which helps provide better

compression results (10% to 20%) RSS 004 and RSS 005 are used in tyres, rubber

mats, chapels and rubber bushes. Consumption of rubber coir is brought down by

10% to 15% without affecting quality. Skim Crepe The skim fraction that is a by-

product of centrifuging processes has 3% - 4% rubber content. Such a lowpercentage plus an increased proportion of non-rubber constituents demand that to

recover the rubber, a very strong acid be used. Such a recovery using sulphuric

acid has its ill effects on the rubber content. This grade, though not technically

good, is still very viable economically and is used in non-critical applications. The

coagulated rubber is thoroughly washed with water and creped by passing through

a battery consisting of coarse rollers and finally smooth rolled. The sheet obtained

is dried and is marketed as skim crepe. This rubber is very fast curing and results

in hard vulcanisates. The manufacturer can thus save on expensive accelerator

dosage.


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Applications

Binding agent for:

* Recon, leather board

* Rubberized hair

* Granules (i.e. cork)

* Foam rubber

* Adhesives

* Textile coating and impregnation

* Can sealants

Dipped articles such as:

* Household gloves

* Examination gloves

* Industrial gloves

* Surgeons gloves* Catheters

* Teats and soothers

* Breather bags

* Tubing

* Balloons

* Condoms


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Estate Brown Crepe

This is an economically important rubber, though of a lower

grade. The tree lace (rubber in the tapping cut, channel and spout) and cup lump

(rubber in collection cups) are the chief raw materials in the production of Estate

Brown Crepe. It is first soaked in water and creped, first through coarse rollers

and finally in a smooth roll mill. The crepe thus formed is dried and usually has a

brown to tan color. Estate Brown Crepe is used in applications like shoe soles and

in non-critical tyre compounds. Specifications for ISNR Grades achieve d by

Royal Latex

Quality Control Our quality control

department continually monitors the processes that manufacture the Latex that we

supply. Right from the Field Latex that is procured from the rubber estates in

Kottayam district to the packaged end products that leave our factory, we ensure

that the benchmarks in quality parameters are strictly adhered to.


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3.3 PRODUCTION PROCESS

COLLECTING FIELD LATERoyal latex collects field latex from its own plantation and

from primary producers from all over Kerala. The employees of royal latex

collect the field latex in drums

STORING. The latex so collected contains high ammonia content. The

collected field latex is stored in the store house of the company and it is taken

when it is required.

COLLECTING TANKFirst the field latex is poured into a tank which is called the

collecting tank. 250 drums of latex is required to fill the tank. The tank is tiled

inside in order to avoid the gluing of latex over the walls. The field latex so

collected is added with chemicals and kept for 30 hours. During this time the

unwanted dust particles in the field are removed. During this time the dust

particles are drawn to the bottom. The top latex are further collected to the

secondary tank


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CENTRIFUGATION MACHINEAfter the filtration the latex is further moved to the centrifugation

machine, which centrifuges the latex. The machine rotates 7200 times in one

minute. Centrifugation is a process by which the DRC content of the latex is

increased. DRC means dry rubber content. The field latex contains only 30% of

DRC, and by centrifugation the denser content in the latex is accumulated to the

bottom, that is DRC. Thus produced DRC latex is moved to two different tanks

which one is used to make HA latex and other for LA latex. The high ammonia

latex dont need further purification because the ha latex contain high ammonia.

LA LATEXThe second latex is added with chemicals and kept for some

hours in order to reduce the ammonia content. This latex is called LA latex. This

is collected in plastic bags in drums as prescribed by the customers. It is loaded in

trucks and thus transported .The byproduct of this production process is calledskim. Skim is a type of latex which contains very low DRC. The skim is collected

to a tank called skim tank. This is added with sulphuric acid and left for


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coagulation. After this process we get skim creep, it is almost like smock sheet

which is used to make chapels bed etc.

PACKAGING OPTIONS

Royal Latex is available in bulk in tank containers or tank

lorries and in drums. Both centrifuged and creamed latex is packed in barrels. One

barrel contains 205 litres .These barrels are sealed .centrifuged latex is also

packed in polythene bags also.

Drums


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ISO CERTIFICATION

ISO is a set of international standards which

ensures the quality of products and operations. ISO 9000 is rapidly becoming the

most important quality management standard in the world. Thousands of

companies in over 100 countries have already adopted it, and many more are in

the process of doing so. Why? Because it controls quality. It saves money.

Customers expect it. And competitors use it. ISO 9000 can be applied to all types

of organizations. It doesn't matter what size they are or what they do. It can help

both product and service oriented organizations achieve standards of quality that

are recognized and respected throughout the world. ISO is the International

Organization for Standardization. It is located in Switzerland and was established

in 1947 to develop common international standards in many areas. Its members

come from over 150 national standards bodies.


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Why is ISO 9000 Important?

ISO 9000 is important because of itsorientation. While the content itself is useful and important, the content alone

does not account for its widespread appeal.

ISO 9000 is important because of its

international orientation. Currently, ISO 9000 is supported by national standards

bodies from more than 150 countries. This makes it the logical choice for any

organization that does business internationally or that serves customers who

demand an international standard of excellence. ISO is also important because of

its systemic orientation. We think this is crucial. Many people wrongly emphasize

motivational and attitudinal factors. The assumption is that quality can only be

created if workers are motivated and have the right attitude. This is fine, but it

doesn't go far enough. Unless you institutionalize the right attitude by supporting

it with the right policies, procedures, records, technologies, resources, and

structures, you will never achieve the standards of quality that other organizations

seem to be able to achieve. Unless you establish a quality attitude by creating a

quality management system, you will never achieve a world-class standard of

quality. Simply put, if you want to have a quality attitude you must have a quality

system. This is what ISO recognizes, and this is why ISO 9000 is important.


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3.4ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

MD

Finance

Manager

Purchase

Manager

Sales

Manager

Marketing

Manager

HR ManagerProducti

Manag

Accou

ntant

Cashier Office

Assistant

Stock Accountant Computer

Assistant

Despatch Manager Service Manager

Factory

Manager

Manager

Accounts &

Administration

Depo Manager Sales Executive

Shift

Supervisor

Loading

Supervisor


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4.1 DEPARTMENTAL STUDY

There are 5 Departments in royal latex, they are

1. Finance department2. Purchase department3. Sales department4. HR department5. Production department


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4.2 FINANCE DEPARTMENT

The field of finance refers to the concept of time, money, risk and how they are

related. Thus the term finance incorporates the following.

1. The study of money and other assets.2. The management and control of those assets3. Profiling and managing project risks4. The science of managing money

Finance is the base of all the corporate activities in the day to day world.

Management of finance is broadly concerned with acquisition and use of funds by

business firm. Financial management is the job of finance department. Royal

Latex financial department is headed by general manager administration; major

functions of finance department can be summarized in to three that is planning of

resources, allocation of resources and control resources

OTHER FUNCTIONS

Banking relationship

One of the most important functions of finance department is the relationship with

bank. Royal latex is having the transactional relationship with the South Indian

Bank. The banking relationship includes

Bank deposit Providing loans


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Over draft Discounting of bills Issuing and collection of cheques etc.

These banking functions help the smooth and easy functioning of the finance

department. In Royal Latex the banking functions are used for issuing cheques to

the suppliers, to rediscount the bills received from the customers, to take loans for

financial assistance etc.

Internal audit

Internal audit is the audit conducted by the company itself. Royal latex also

conducts internal auditing of the financial records periodically and employees are

recruited for this purpose

Cash management

Cash management involves the management of cash out flow and inflow of the

company, In Royal latex a large amount of cash is received from the customers

and paid to the dealers, the cash flow is managed by the accountant under the

guidance of the finance manager 54

Taxation

Taxation is another procedure related to finance, hence it is something related to

money, it is deled by the finance department. It includes the valuation of assets

and liabilities and making the payment to the tax authorities


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Expense analysis

Hence Royal latex is associated with a big factory; there are a lot of expenses

incurred for the company. For that the Royal latex prepares a income and

expenditure account, which would record in detail the income and expenses of the

company

Preparation of final account

One of the important functions of the finance department is to prepare the finalaccounts, which includes the preparation of journals, ledger, trail balance, profit

& loss account, balance sheet etc. It is also a complex job performed by the

finance department. And it is also important for the purpose of auditing

RESPONSIBILITIES OF FINANCE MANAGER

Arrangement of short term and long term funds

To make decisions regarding the financial feasibility of projects To focus on the cost minimization and profit maximization Right mixture of the debt and equity Prepare the right financial statement Capitalization Evaluation of financial activities


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VALUATION OF INVENTORY

PARTICULAR METHOD

Raw materials At cost based on monthly weighted average method

Stores and spares At weighted average cost

Waste At the rate actually realized for the stock

Work in progress At cost of net usable value whichever is lower the latterbeing actual value subsequently realized for the stock


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DEPARTMENTAL STRUCTURE

MD

Manager of Finance

Account

Cashier


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4.3 SALES DEPARTMENT

The concept of sales department is that the company has to promote and

push their products and in the market, it cannot expect its products to get picked

up automatically by the customers. Heavy advertising, high power personal

selling, price discounts and strong publicity and public relation are the normal

tools by which organizations relay on this concept

FUNCTIONS

The sales of all the Royal Latex products are based on the head office policies and

norms. The sales department receives orders from agents and dealers and passes

the orders to the factory managers for production. The final product is then moved

to the dispatch manager and then sold to the customers as per the order and finally

reaches the customer. Receiving orders and giving report the productiondepartment are the leading functions of sales department


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MD

Sales Manager

Stock Assistant

Accountant Computer assistant

General


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SALES PROCESS CHART

Sales order/Sales manager

Factory Manager/Final Production

Dispatch Manager

Customers

Consumers


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DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS

Direct Dealers International Agents Retail Dealers

SALES PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITY

To safe guard its customers and to keep a very strong

relationship with them, they are considered as the family members to the

company. The sales executive makes regular visit to the agents and retarders and

provides all kinds of information, agreement and facilities. The prime factor of

Royal Latex sales promotion policy is that the right quality product at the right

time to the right party

PRICING

The company adopts cost of profit pricing policy for its products.

This is due to the fact that there are agriculture based products and are seasonal in

nature. The price rate is adopted by the company with regard to the leading

competition also


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4.4 MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Marketing is the economic process by which goods and services are

exchanged between the market and the user, and their values determined in terms

of money. Marketing is the process by which the products are made bought by the

customers by providing required products in the specified quality. The concept of

marketing was born out of the awareness that a business to start with the

determination to the customer wants and ends with satisfaction of those want.

MARKETING DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL

Company Deposit Stockiest Dealers Customers

EXPORT MARKETING

Royal latex is a multinational company which has Export to

different countries. Royal latex has export to countries such as Brazil, Mexico,

USA, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Germany, Italy, Turkey; Etc. Royal Latex is

having an immediate plan to expand the export business


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DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE

MARKETING MANAGER

Dispatch Manager Service Manager

Depot Manager Sales Executive

MD


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4.5 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

HR management is the planning, organizing, directing and

controlling of the human resource in the organization. The personal department is

responsible for recruitment, selection, placement, training, performance, keeping

of records, compensation etc. of the employees. The office assistants assist them

in the procedures.

In royal Latex, the personal department keeps full record for every

worker employed in the organization. The record is kept on a card known as

employees history card, this card includes the following details about the worker.

1. Name2. Department3. Grade4. Starting pay5. Address6. Date of birth7. Marital status

FUNCTIONS

1. HR planning2. Selection3. Recruitment4. Performance appraisal5. Organizational change and development6. Training


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RECRUITMENT

Royal Latex recruitment board consists of 3 members who handlethe recruitment process in which applications are collected and called for

interview. The board is the final authority regarding the appointment of staff.

Factory manager is entrusted with the duty of recruiting the factory

workers. Nearby locality people are usually recruited as workers. And workers are

recruited on contract basis

SELECTION PROCESS

The selection procedure adopted by Royal Latex;

1. Scrutiny of applications

The personal department will first scrutinize all the applications

received. Only those applications will be taken as the criteria for the post

2. Blank application form

A bank application form is used for getting written information about

the candidates in his or her own handwriting. The application form contains the

information like name, place of birth, date of birth, marital status, qualification,

experience etc.


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3. Interview

A group of selected candidates are interviewed in a face to face contact

with the interview board; they are given a topic to discuss. When the candidate

makes comments and counter points, the board evaluates their ability to

communicate, presence of mind, confidence; language, expression etc. and

judgments are made.

REFERENCE

References are conducted on those candidates who are found suitable

in the tests and interviews. Reference can be collected from previous employees

also.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

Training is given periodically to both staffs and workers.

Training is given by the managers as well as the private consultants. Training is

given on the subject matter of machinery, chemicals, pavements etc.

MONETARY BENEFITS

Basic pay DA Production bonus Incentive


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STATUTORY WELFARE MEASURES

Canteen facility Rest room Lunch room Drinking room Safety measures Protection against fire Medical benefit PF

NON STATUTORY MEASURES

Job opportunity to dependence Uniform Advance payment Training facilities

REWARD

Wages is being given to the workers as per the agreement.

Workers are given daily wages and are collected in monthly base. The wages

includes the dearness allowance and basic payment.


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MEETINGS

Meetings are conducted every month. Directions are given to theemployees and suggestions are invited. Changes in the working of the company

and future plans regarding the growth and development of the company

JOB OPERATIONS AND SCHEDULE

Job rotation and job schedule are favorably done for both office

staff and workers. Factory manages job relation and schedule for workers.

TIME KEEPING

Methods of time keeping:-

Attendance register method Punching system

SHIFTS

The company adopts 3 shifts in the factory and only 1 shift in the office

Factory Office

8.30 am to 4.30 pm 8.30 am to 4.30 pm

4.30 pm to 12.30 am

12.30 am to 8.30 am


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MD

HR manager

Factory Manager

Manager Accounts and

Administration


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4.6 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Production is one an important function in all the industries.

Production means converting the raw materials into finished products with the

help of certain process. Production is the transformation of input into output. It is

the core function of every business.

Production department is one of the busiest departments in Royal latex.

The production department is given more care hence there is mass production and

complicated processes. The production department makes planning and directions

on amount of raw materials available, capacity of the production unit, amount to

be produced etc. Thomson rubbers now have a cool dry storage area with a

minimum capacity of 6000 to 8000 barrels of field latex and desludging tank with

a capacity of 70000 litres

CONTENTS IN THE PRODUCTS

Double centrifuged royal DC

i. Dry Rubber Content, - wt. % 60ii. Total Solids Content,- wt. % 60.5 - 61

iii. Alkalinity - ammonia,- wt. % 0.6 - 0.78iv. Non Rubber Content,- wt. % 0.5 - 1v. Volatile Fatty Acid,- wt. % 0.025

vi. KOH No.- 0.3 - 0.5vii. pH - Value -10.5


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viii. Mechanical Stability, -sec- 800 - 1200ix. Coagulum,- wt. % 0.002x. Sludge,- wt % 0.004

xi. Chemical Stability,- sec 100xii. Viscosity,- cps 50 -100

xiii. Copper,- ppm Tracexiv. Manganese,- ppm Tracexv. Odour after boric acid - No putrefactive

xvi. Neutralization - odourxvii. Colour - White

Centrifuged latex Royal HA

I. Dry Rubber Content, wt.% 60II. Total Solids Content, wt.% 61.5

III. Alkalinity - ammonia, wt.% 0.6 - 0.8IV. Non Rubber Content, wt.% 1.5V. Volatile Fatty Acid, wt.% 0.03 - 0.05

VI. KOH No. 0.5 - 0.8VII. pH - Value 10.5

VIII. Mechanical Stability, sec. 800 - 1200IX. Coagulum, wt. % 0.004


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X. Sludge, wt % 0.006XI. Chemical Stability, sec 100

XII. Viscosity, cps 50 -100XIII. Copper, ppm TraceXIV. Manganese, ppm TraceXV. Odour after boric acid neutralization No putrefactive odour

XVI. Colour - White

Centrifuged latex Royal Latex

I. . Dry Rubber Content, - wt. % 60II. Total Solids Content, - wt. % 61.5

III. Alkalinity - ammonia, - wt. % 0.25 - 0.3IV. Non Rubber Content, - wt. % 1.5V. Volatile Fatty Acid, - wt. % 0.03 - 0.05

VI. KOH - No. 0.5 - 0.8VII. PH - Value 10.5

VIII. Mechanical Stability, - sec. 800 - 1200IX. Coagulum, - wt. % 0.004X. Sludge, - wt % 0.006

XI. Chemical Stability, - sec 100XII. Viscosity, - cps 50 -100

XIII. Copper, - ppm Trace


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XIV. Manganese, - ppm TraceXV. Odour after boric acid neutralization - No putrefactive odour

XVI. Colour - White

Estate Brown Crepe

I. Nitrogen (Max) 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.60II. PO (Min) 30 30 35 30 30

III. PRI (Min) 60 50 57 40 30IV. Grade ISNR 5 ISNR 10 ISNR 20 ISNR 20 ISNR 50V. Dirt % 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.50

VI. Volatile Matter % 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80VII. Ash Content (Max) 0.50 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.50

FUNCTIONS

1. RoutingRouting deals with laying down of path along which materials are

to travel in the process of production. To determine the sequence in which

various operations are to be performed

2. LoadingAfter establishing the route, the work is to be loaded against the

concerned machines and equipment. It implies the quantity of work

assigned to a machine or worker.


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3. DispatchingDispatching deals with the release of orders and instructions in

accordance with the planned timings as embodied in operation sheets,

route cards and loading schedules in order to make the action

4. ProcessingPerforming the production process, it includes the working of the

machines, equipment and workers to produce the product.

5. Follow upIt includes collecting the information about the amount of

production, the percent of defective and giving detailed report the

departments


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PRODUCTION PROCESS

Collecting field latex

Storing in the store house

Field latex poured into the tank

Top latex collected into a secondary tank

Filtration

Moved into the centrifugation machine

DRC latex is produced

Adding chemicals to the second latex

LA latex is produced


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DEPATMENT STRUCTURE

MD

Production Manager

Shift Supervisor Loading Supervisor


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4.7PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

The purchasing department will be responsible for

providing the materials, components and equipment required to keep the

production process running smoothly. A vital aspect of this role is ensuring

stocks arrive on time and to the right quality. Purchase is an important

boundary function that support operations by acquiring major resources

for the conversion process. Purchasing functioning which provides materials

supplies and service from outside vendors for manufacturing firms involved

in assembly. It is not unusual of the cost of purchased materials to exceeded

as a percent of total product cost, the value added internality to the product

through manufacturing and assembly. The purchase procedure covers the

following areas procurement of goods and service for the company.

1. Capita items (For project and other purposes)

2. Equipment and spares.

3. Raw material & Intermediary materials

4. Package items involving design, supply, erection and commissioning.

To perform the functions effectively, the purchase department is guided by

the following procedures


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PURCHASE REQUISITIONS

The purchase officer does not initiate any action for the purchasing ofmaterials in his own accord. With the help of purchase requisitions, the

purchase officer comes to know the type of materials needed by organization.

A purchase requisition is a form used as a formal request for the purchasing

department to purchase materials

EXPLORING THE SOURCES OF SUPPLY & SELECTING

THE SUPPLIER

The source of supply of materials is to be selected after the receipt of

purchase requisition. The process of choosing the supplier is not a hard task.

The store keeper generally mentions the name of current suppliers, their price

quotations and the purchase department also has a series of good suppliers.

Choosing the right supplier from the supplier list involves a process of

comparison of statement of purchases. It is prepared by the purchase

department

PURCHASING ORDER

After choosing the supplier, the purchase department prepares the order for

the supply. The order is a written authorization to the suppliers to supply the

particular materials or material. It is the documentary evidence between the

buyer and the supplier having the terms and conditions of the purchasing order


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RECEIVING & INSPECTING MATERIALS

In large concerns, a separate receipt & inspection department independent ofstocking location should be set up to receive and inspect the materials. But in

small concerns, the work is done by the store keeper. In Royal Latex, the

production department effects the general purchase. When goods are received

in stores , the consuming department is informed and its personnel inspect the

quality, quantity etc.

CHECKING PASSING BILLS OF EXCHANGE

The payment terms of the company are ;-

Against invoice or acceptance of stock a minimum 15 days credit In case of monopoly suppliers, payment is made through banks

VENDOR SELECTION

The company has a list of suppliers for all its purchase. The company invites

tenders through advertisement in newspapers and in the internet. The suppliers

tender quotations and after a detailed study of the concerned department, the

supplier is selected and the order is placed.

VENDOR RATING

A vendor is rated according to his monopoly in the market, brand equity of

the products, his established dealings with other reputed organizations. There is

a vendor evaluation committee for the vendors. The committee consists of

officers from concerning finance and material departments. The vendors rated

below 50% are removed from the lists. Vendors rated between 50% & 75% are

advised to improve their quality


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Point of supply of raw materials

1. Latex Kottayam Idukky Ernakulam Kozhikode and Thrissur

2. Chemicals Bangalore

Chennai Kolkata Mumbai

3. Packing materials Alleppy Mumbai Kolkata Andhra

FUNCTIONS

Turn over analysis Receiving purchase requisition Locating the source of supply Choosing a supplier Purchase order Follow up Purchases monitoring and invoice checking Purchase policies


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DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE

MD

Purchase Manager

Office Assistant


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WEAKNESS

Heavy work load :- Hence the company is working for 24 hours, thereheavy work load

Insufficient sales promotional activities :- Even though many marketingopportunities are available, the company is not performing any

promotional activities

Tax and excise duty :- Hence the company is having more exports, largeamount of tax and excise duty has to be paid

Under developed roads :- The nearby roads to the company are damagedand under developed. This affects the smooth and fast transportation of

products and raw materials

As Royal latex works for 24 hours the human resource managementafter 5pm is not effective. :- After 5pm human body connot work

effectively, therefore work after 5pm is not effective

As 50% of the workers are north Indians the communication is not soeffective :- In Royal Latex about 50% of the employees are north Indians,

therefore ther is a communication gap between the supervisors and the

workers


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OPPORTUNITIES

Reduction in the export restrictions :- Now there are some reductionsin the export restrictions made by the Government, since the Royal Latex

is having more of exports, the company can utilize those opportunities

Plantation of more rubber in the locality :-Plenty of land is availablein thhe company locality, company could buy those lands and make more

rubber plantations, which would be an asset in the future

Improved technologies :- More advanced technologies are availablenow, which would improve the working standard and conditions in the

company

More productive machines :- Since the company is blessed with plentyof raw materials and sales order, more productive machines could change

the present scenario of the company

Better roads :- The company could make a negotiation with thePanchayat to make better roads , which will be also in the interest of the

society


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THREATS

Pollution :- Pollution is a serious threat for the company, hence manychemicals are used in the company, which may cause pollution

Tax :- Tax is another issue of the company. As the company makesheavy purchase of chemicals and more of exports. The tax rates are always

fluctuating

Transportation :- As the roads to the company are damaged. It will bea major threat in the future, if proper maintenance is not made

Increasing cost of production :- The increasing cost of productionis another threat. Cost of raw materials, salary of personnel, transportation

cost, production cost etc. are increasing day by day


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5.2 OBSERVATIONS

The company is providing good working conditions. The production department is having all machineries for the efficient

production.

There is no proper planning and control of the inventory. The process of control and monitoring is not efficient. The new workers are provided with less training. There is not fully fledged Research and development department. Workers health and safety are given prime importantance. The quality of the products manufactured in the company is very high.


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5.3 SUGGESTIONS

Should introduce a research and development department A finer degree of professionalism should be introduced Company can adopt more use of information technology for better

functioning It can expand the capacity of plant to meet the foreign demands. Increase the productivity in order to get more economy in

production

Expand the export relations Should introduce a proper inventory control method A supervisor who could communicate properly with the north

Indian workers must be employed

Proper training programs should be designed for the employees A better pollution control system should be introdused


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6.1 EXPERIENCE IN THE COMPANY

The management and staff as a whole showered its

enormous help towards the completion of the Organization Study. The employees

spent their valuable time irrespective of their work schedule. These 30 days

Organization Study helped me to familiarize with the organization and its

functions. And I got unstinted support and assistance from my Guide and other

officials. This study helped to learn more about organization structure and duties

of its various departments. I got information about various departmental activities

of the company. Moreover I learned how a company is successful in the high

competitive market. The Organization Study is the result of whole hearted support

of the entire staff. The employees were cordial and helping. As a whole I got an

interesting and informative experience in the Royal latex.


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REFFERENCE

Books

1. Arun Kumar and Meenakshi, (2006), - Marketing Management, secondedition, Vikas publishing house Pvt Ltd New Delhi.

2. Kothari.C.R- Research Methodology methods & techniquesNew age international publishers, 2004.

3. Aswathappa K- Human Resource & Personnel ManagementTata McGrawHill publishing co. ltd., 1999.

4 Pandey.I.M -Financial Management

Vikas publishing house pvt ltd, 2000.

Websites

1. https://www. wikipedia.com2. https://www.royallatex.com3. https://www.google.com
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.royallatex.com/http://www.royallatex.com/http://www.royallatex.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.royallatex.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/

Documents

OS at Royal Latex original - final.docx