An American HeartAssociation/American Stroke Association Journal

June 2017Volume 48Number 6

EDITORIALHave Stroke Neurologists Entered the Arena of Stroke-Related Cognitive Dysfunctions?: Not Yet, but They Should!

1441

Leonardo Pantoni, MD, PhD

Stroke : Highlights of Selected Articles 1443

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONSClinical SciencesGenetic Drivers of von Willebrand Factor Levels in an Ischemic Stroke Population and Association With Risk for Recurrent Stroke

1444

Stephen R. Williams, PhD; Fang-Chi Hsu, PhD; Keith L. Keene, PhD; Wei-Min Chen, PhD; Godfrey Dzhivhuho, BS; Joe L. Rowles III, BS; Andrew M. Southerland, MD, MSc; Karen L. Furie, MD, MPH; Stephen S. Rich, PhD; Bradford B. Worrall, MD, MSc; Michèle M. Sale, PhD; GARNET (The Genomics and Randomized Trials Network) Collaborative Research Group

Atrial Fibrillation Genetic Risk and Ischemic Stroke Mechanisms 1451Steven A. Lubitz, MD, MPH; Owen E. Parsons, MSc; Christopher D. Anderson, MD, MMSc; Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM; Rainer Malik, PhD; Lu-Chen Weng, PhD; Martin Dichgans, MD; Cathie L. Sudlow, MD, PhD; Peter M. Rothwell, MD, PhD; Jonathan Rosand, MD, MSc; Patrick T. Ellinor, MD, PhD; Hugh S. Markus, DM; Matthew Traylor, PhD; on behalf of the WTCCC2, International Stroke Genetics Consortium, and AFGen Consortia

Association Between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genotype and Upper Extremity Motor Outcome After Stroke

1457

Won Hyuk Chang, MD, PhD; Eunhee Park, MD; Jungsoo Lee, PhD; Ahee Lee, MS; Yun-Hee Kim, MD, PhD

Haptoglobin Hp2 Variant Promotes Premature Cardiovascular Death in Stroke Survivors 1463Petra Ijäs, MD, PhD; Susanna Melkas, MD, PhD; Jani Saksi, PhD; Antti Jula, MD, PhD; Matti Jauhiainen, PhD; Niku Oksala, MD, PhD, DSc; Tarja Pohjasvaara, MD, PhD; Markku Kaste, MD, PhD; Pekka J. Karhunen, MD, PhD; Perttu Lindsberg, MD, PhD; Timo Erkinjuntti, MD, PhD

Clinical Correlates, Ethnic Differences, and Prognostic Implications of Perivascular Spaces in Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke

1470

Kui-Kai Lau, MRCP; Linxin Li, MD, DPhil; Caroline E. Lovelock, DPhil; Giovanna Zamboni, MD, DPhil; Tsz-Tai Chan, MBBS; Man-Fung Chiang, MBBS; Kin-Ting Lo, MBBS; Wilhelm Küker, MD, FRCR; Henry Ka-Fung Mak, MD, FRCR; Peter M. Rothwell, MD, PhD, FRCP, FMedSci

Dietary Protein Intake and Stroke Risk in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study

1478

Mio Ozawa, PhD; Daigo Yoshida, PhD; Jun Hata, MD, PhD; Tomoyuki Ohara, MD, PhD; Naoko Mukai, MD, PhD; Mao Shibata, MD, PhD; Kazuhiro Uchida, PhD; Masashi Nagata, PhD; Takanari Kitazono, MD, PhD; Yutaka Kiyohara, MD, PhD; Toshiharu Ninomiya, MD, PhD

Ischemic Stroke in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation at Warfarin Initiation: Assessment via a Large Insurance Database

1487

Ping G. Tepper, MD, PhD; Xianchen Liu, MD, PhD; Melissa Hamilton, MPH; Jack Mardekian, PhD; William Petkun, MD; Wilson Tan, MBBS; Daniel E. Singer, MD

Stroke

On the Cover: The image is taken from an article in this issue, “Cortical Venous Redness Represents Tissue Circulation Status in Patients With Moyamoya Disease” by Machida et al (Stroke. 2017;48:1665–1667. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015991). The image is Figure 1.

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Clinical Significance of Isolated Atypical Transient Symptoms in a Cohort With Transient Ischemic Attack

1495

Philippa C. Lavallée, MD; Leila Sissani, BST; Julien Labreuche, BST; Elena Meseguer, MD; Lucie Cabrejo, MD; Céline Guidoux, MD; Isabelle F. Klein, MD, PhD; Pierre-Jean Touboul, MD; Pierre Amarenco, MD

Nonprocedural Symptomatic Infarction and In-Stent Restenosis After Intracranial Angioplasty and Stenting in the SAMMPRIS Trial (Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for the Prevention of Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis)

1501

Colin P. Derdeyn, MD; David Fiorella, MD, PhD; Michael J. Lynn, MS; Tanya N. Turan, MD; George A. Cotsonis, MA; Bethany F. Lane, RN; Jean Montgomery, RN; L. Scott Janis, PhD; Marc I. Chimowitz, MB, ChB; for the SAMMPRIS Investigators

Hemorrhage Risk of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations During Pregnancy and Puerperium in a North American Cohort

1507

Jose L. Porras, BS; Wuyang Yang, MD, MS; Eunice Philadelphia; Jody Law; Tomas Garzon-Muvdi, MD; Justin M. Caplan, MD; Geoffrey P. Colby, MD, PhD; Alexander L. Coon, MD; Rafael J. Tamargo, MD; Judy Huang, MD

Neurocognitive Performance After Cerebral Revascularization in Adult Moyamoya Disease 1514Penelope D. Zeifert, PhD; Peter Karzmark, PhD; Teresa E. Bell-Stephens, BSN, CNRN; Gary K. Steinberg, MD, PhD; Leslie J. Dorfman, MD

Socioeconomic Status and the Risk of Stroke Recurrence: Persisting Gaps Observed in a Nationwide Swedish Study 2001 to 2012

1518

Johanna Pennlert, MD, PhD; Kjell Asplund, MD, PhD; Eva-Lotta Glader, MD, PhD; Bo Norrving, MD, PhD; Marie Eriksson, PhD

CHA2DS2-VASc Score (Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 [Doubled], Diabetes Mellitus, Prior Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack [Doubled], Vascular Disease, Age 65–74, Female) for Stroke in Asian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Korean Nationwide Sample Cohort Study

1524

Tae-Hoon Kim, MD; Pil-Sung Yang, MD; Jae-Sun Uhm, MD; Jong-Youn Kim, MD; Hui-Nam Pak, MD; Moon-Hyoung Lee, MD; Boyoung Joung, MD; Gregory Y.H. Lip, MD

Circulating FABP4 (Fatty Acid–Binding Protein 4) Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

1531

Wen-Jun Tu, PhD, MD; Xian-Wei Zeng, PhD, MD; Aijun Deng, PhD, MD; Sheng-Jie Zhao, PhD, MD; Ding-Zhen Luo, PhD, MD; Guo-Zhao Ma, MD; Hong Wang, PhD; Qiang Liu, PhD

White Matter Imaging Correlates of Early Cognitive Impairment Detected by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment After Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke

1539

Giovanna Zamboni, MD, DPhil; Ludovica Griffanti, PhD; Mark Jenkinson, DPhil; Sara Mazzucco, MD, PhD; Linxin Li, MD, DPhil; Wilhelm Küker, FRCR; Sarah T. Pendlebury, MD, DPhil, FRCP; Peter M. Rothwell, MD, PhD, FmedSci; on behalf of the Oxford Vascular Study

Use of Noncontrast Computed Tomography and Computed Tomographic Perfusion in Predicting Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Alteplase Therapy

1548

Connor Batchelor, MSc; Pooneh Pordeli, PhD; Christopher D. d’Esterre, PhD; Mohamed Najm, BSc; Fahad S. Al-Ajlan, MD; Mari E. Boesen, MSc; Connor McDougall, BSc; Lisa Hur, BSc; Enrico Fainardi, MD; Jai Jai Shiva Shankar, MD; Marta Rubiera, MD; Alexander V. Khaw, MD; Michael D. Hill, MD, MSc; Andrew M. Demchuk, MD; Tolulope T. Sajobi, PhD; Mayank Goyal, MD; Ting-Yim Lee, PhD; Richard I. Aviv, MD; Bijoy K. Menon, MD, MSc

Prediction of Stroke Subtype and Recanalization Using Susceptibility Vessel Sign on Susceptibility-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1554

Dong-Wan Kang, MD; Han-Gil Jeong, MD, MSc; Do Yeon Kim, MD; Wookjin Yang, MD; Seung-Hoon Lee, MD, PhD

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Efficacy of Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Computed Tomographic Perfusion–Selected Patients in SWIFT PRIME Trial (Solitaire FR With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke)

1560

Nicolas Menjot de Champfleur, MD; Jeffrey L. Saver, MD; Mayank Goyal, MD; Reza Jahan, MD; Hans-Christoph Diener, MD, PhD; Alain Bonafe, MD; Elad I. Levy, MD, MBA; Vitor M. Pereira, MD; Christophe Cognard, MD; Dileep R. Yavagal, MD; Gregory W. Albers, MD

Aortic Stiffness, Increased White Matter Free Water, and Altered Microstructural Integrity: A Continuum of Injury

1567

Pauline Maillard, PhD; Gary F. Mitchell, MD; Jayandra J. Himali, PhD; Alexa Beiser, PhD; Evan Fletcher, PhD; Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH; Matthew P. Pase, PhD; Claudia L. Satizabal, PhD; Ramachandran S. Vasan, MD; Sudha Seshadri, MD; Charles DeCarli, MD

ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score) Measurement Using Hounsfield Unit Values When Selecting Patients for Stroke Thrombectomy

1574

Maxim Mokin, MD, PhD; Christopher T. Primiani, BS; Adnan H. Siddiqui, MD, PhD; Aquilla S. Turk, DO

Early Endarterectomy Carries a Lower Procedural Risk Than Early Stenting in Patients With Symptomatic Stenosis of the Internal Carotid Artery: Results From 4 Randomized Controlled Trials

1580

Barbara Rantner, MD, PhD; Barbara Kollerits, PhD; Gary S. Roubin, MD; Peter A. Ringleb, MD; Olaf Jansen, MD; George Howard, PhD; Jeroen Hendrikse, MD; Alison Halliday, MD; John Gregson; Hans-Henning Eckstein, MD; David Calvet, MD; Richard Bulbulia, MD; Leo H. Bonati, MD; Jean-Pierre Becquemin, MD; Ale Algra, MD; Martin M. Brown, MD; Jean-Louis Mas, MD; Thomas G. Brott, MD; Gustav Fraedrich, MD; on behalf of the Carotid Stenosis Trialists’ Collaboration

Predictors of the Aspiration Component Success of a Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique (ADAPT) for the Endovascular Treatment of Stroke Reperfusion Strategy in Anterior Circulation Acute Stroke

1588

Raphaël Blanc, MD, MSc; Hocine Redjem, MD; Gabriele Ciccio, MD; Stanislas Smajda, MD; Jean-Philippe Desilles, MD; Eliane Orng, PharmD; Guillaume Taylor, MD; Elodie Drumez, BST; Robert Fahed, MD; Julien Labreuche, BST; Mikael Mazighi, MD, PhD; Bertrand Lapergue, MD, PhD; Michel Piotin, MD, PhD

Restarting Anticoagulant Therapy After Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

1594

Santosh B. Murthy, MD, MPH; Ajay Gupta, MD; Alexander E. Merkler, MD; Babak B. Navi, MD, MS; Pitchaiah Mandava, MD, PhD, MSEE; Costantino Iadecola, MD; Kevin N. Sheth, MD; Daniel F. Hanley, MD; Wendy C. Ziai, MD, MPH; Hooman Kamel, MD

General Anesthesia Versus Conscious Sedation for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: The AnStroke Trial (Anesthesia During Stroke)

1601

Pia Löwhagen Hendén, MD; Alexandros Rentzos, MD; Jan-Erik Karlsson, MD, PhD; Lars Rosengren, MD, PhD; Birgitta Leiram, MD; Henrik Sundeman, MD, PhD; Dennis Dunker, MD; Kunigunde Schnabel, MD; Gunnar Wikholm, MD, PhD; Mikael Hellström, MD, PhD; Sven-Erik Ricksten, MD, PhD

Randomized, Multicenter Trial of ARTSS-2 (Argatroban With Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Stroke)

1608

Andrew D. Barreto, MD, MS; Gary A. Ford, MD; Loren Shen, BSN; Claudia Pedroza, PhD; Jon Tyson, MD, MPH; Chunyan Cai, PhD; Mohammad H. Rahbar, PhD; James C. Grotta, MD; on behalf of the ARTSS-2 Investigators

To Treat or Not to Treat: Anticoagulants as Secondary Preventives to the Oldest Old With Atrial Fibrillation

1617

Peter Appelros, MD, PhD; Bahman Farahmand, PhD; Andreas Terént, MD, PhD; Signild Åsberg, MD, PhD

Resistant Atherosclerosis: The Need for Monitoring of Plaque Burden 1624J. David Spence, MD; Karla Solo, BMSc

Refining 3 Measures to Construct an Efficient Functional Assessment of Stroke 1630Yu-Lin Wang, MD; Gong-Hong Lin, BS; Yi-Jing Huang, BS; Mei-Hsiang Chen, PhD; Ching-Lin Hsieh, PhD

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Basic SciencesPoststroke Sonic Hedgehog Agonist Treatment Improves Functional Recovery by Enhancing Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis

1636

Yongming Jin, PhD; Austin Barnett, BS; Yifan Zhang, PhD; Xin Yu, ScD; Yu Luo, PhD

XBP1 (X-Box–Binding Protein-1)–Dependent O-GlcNAcylation Is Neuroprotective in Ischemic Stroke in Young Mice and Its Impairment in Aged Mice Is Rescued by Thiamet-G

1646

Meng Jiang, MD; Shu Yu, MD; Zhui Yu, MD; Huaxin Sheng, MD; Ying Li, MD; Shuai Liu, PhD; David S. Warner, MD; Wulf Paschen, PhD; Wei Yang, PhD

Hyperbaric Oxygen Reduces Infarction Volume and Hemorrhagic Transformation Through ATP/NAD+/Sirt1 Pathway in Hyperglycemic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats

1655

Qin Hu, MD, PhD; Anatol Manaenko, PhD; Hetao Bian, MD, MS; Zongduo Guo, MD, PhD; Jun-Long Huang, MD; Zhen-Ni Guo, MD, MS; Peng Yang, MD, PhD; Jiping Tang, MD; John H. Zhang, MD, PhD

BRIEF REPORTSCortical Venous Redness Represents Tissue Circulation Status in Patients With Moyamoya Disease

1665

Toshio Machida, MD; Yoshinori Higuchi, MD; Shigeki Nakano, MD; Satoshi Ishige, MD; Atsushi Fujikawa, MD; Yuichi Akaogi, MD; Junichiro Shimada, MD; Yoichi Yoshida, MD; Sigenori Maru, RT; Junichi Ono, MD

Wake-Up Stroke Is Associated With Greater Nocturnal Mean Arterial Pressure Variability 1668Michelle D. Lundholm, BS; Melissa Rooney, MD; Matthew B. Maas, MD; Hrayr Attarian, MD; Shyam Prabhakaran, MD, MS

Oxygenation-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke Using T2′/R2′ Mapping: Influence of Relative Cerebral Blood Volume

1671

Alexander Seiler, MD; Ralf Deichmann, PhD; Ulrike Nöth, PhD; Waltraud Pfeilschifter, MD; Joachim Berkefeld, MD; Oliver C. Singer, MD; Johannes C. Klein, MD; Marlies Wagner, MD

Prevalence of Imaging Biomarkers to Guide the Planning of Acute Stroke Reperfusion Trials

1675

Bin Jiang, MD, PhD; Robyn L. Ball, PhD; Patrik Michel, MD; Tudor Jovin, MD; Manisha Desai, PhD; Ashraf Eskandari, RN; Zack Naqvi, BS; Max Wintermark, MD, MAS

Novel Screening Tool for Stroke Using Artificial Neural Network 1678Vida Abedi, PhD; Nitin Goyal, MD; Georgios Tsivgoulis, MD; Niyousha Hosseinichimeh, PhD; Raquel Hontecillas, PhD; Josep Bassaganya-Riera, PhD; Lucas Elijovich, MD; Jeffrey E. Metter, MD; Anne W. Alexandrov, PhD; David S. Liebeskind, MD; Andrei V. Alexandrov, MD; Ramin Zand, MD, MPH

Acupuncture Therapy and Incidence of Depression After Stroke 1682Chung-Yen Lu, MD, PhD; Hsin-Chia Huang, MD; Hen-Hong Chang, MD, PhD; Tsung-Hsien Yang, MD; Chee-Jen Chang, PhD; Su-Wei Chang, PhD; Pei-Chun Chen, PhD

Mexican Americans Receive Less Intensive Stroke Rehabilitation Than Non-Hispanic Whites

1685

Lewis B. Morgenstern, MD; Emma Sais, BA; Michael Fuentes, MD; Nneka L. Ifejika, MD, MPH; Xiaqing Jiang, MPH; Susan D. Horn, PhD; Erin Case, BA; Lynda D. Lisabeth, PhD

“Good Outcome” Isn’t Good Enough: Cognitive Impairment, Depressive Symptoms, and Social Restrictions in Physically Recovered Stroke Patients

1688

Arunima Kapoor, MSc; Krista L. Lanctôt, PhD; Mark Bayley, MD; Alex Kiss, PhD; Nathan Herrmann, MD; Brian J. Murray, MD; Richard H. Swartz, MD, PhD

Comparison of Associations of Reduced Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate With Stroke Outcomes Between Hypertension and No Hypertension

1691

Xianwei Wang, MD, MHS; Yilong Wang, MD; Uptal D. Patel, MD; Huiman Xie Barnhart, PhD, MA; Zixiao Li, MD; Hao Li, PhD; Chunxue Wang, MD; Xingquan Zhao, MD; Liping Liu, MD; Yongjun Wang, MD; Daniel T. Laskowitz, MD, MHS

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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Hemorrhagic Transformation After Delayed Tissue Plasminogen Activator Administration in In Situ Thromboembolic Stroke

1695

Alicia García-Culebras, MSc; Sara Palma-Tortosa, MSc; Ana Moraga, PhD; Isaac García-Yébenes, PhD; Violeta Durán-Laforet, MSc; Maria I. Cuartero, PhD; Juan de la Parra, MSc; Ana L. Barrios-Muñoz, MSc; Jaime Díaz-Guzmán, MD, PhD; Jesús M. Pradillo, PhD; María A. Moro, PhD; Ignacio Lizasoain, MD, PhD

TOPICAL REVIEWSCombining Neuroprotection With Endovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke: Is There Hope? 1700Michael Tymianski, MD, PhD

Behavioral Interventions for Stroke Prevention: The Need for a New Conceptual Model 1706Joel Salinas, MD, MBA, MSc; Lee H. Schwamm, MD

LETTERS TO THE EDITORLetter by Corea et al Regarding Article, “Telemedicine Quality and Outcomes in Stroke: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association”

e139

Francesco Corea, MD; Gordian Hubert, MD; Sònia Abilleira, MD

Letter by Ng et al Regarding Article, “Cervical Carotid Pseudo-Occlusions and False Dissections: Intracranial Occlusions Masquerading as Extracranial Occlusions”

e140

Felix Ng, MBBS, MPH; Mineesh Datta, MBBS, FRANZCR; Philip M. Choi, MBChB, FRACP

Response by Grossberg et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Cervical Carotid Pseudo-Occlusions and False Dissections: Intracranial Occlusions Masquerading as Extracranial Occlusions”

e141

Jonathan A. Grossberg, MD; Diogo C. Haussen, MD; Raul G. Nogueira, MD

Letter by Sposato et al Regarding Article, “Stroke as the Initial Manifestation of Atrial Fibrillation: The Framingham Heart Study”

e142

Luciano A. Sposato, MD, MBA; Sebastian Fridman, MD, MPH; Gustavo Saposnik, MD, MSc

Response by Lubitz et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Stroke as the Initial Manifestation of Atrial Fibrillation: The Framingham Heart Study”

e143

Steven A. Lubitz, MD, MPH; Sudha Seshadri, MD; Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM

Letter by Murray and Barrow Regarding Article, “Trends in Recruitment Rates for Acute Stroke Trials, 1990–2014”

e144

Earnest L. Murray, MD; William C. Barrow, MD

Response by Feldman et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Trends in Recruitment Rates for Acute Stroke Trials, 1990–2014”

e145

William B. Feldman, MD, DPhil; Anthony S. Kim, MD, MAS; Winston Chiong, MD, PhD

Letter by Nighoghossian Regarding Article, “Risk of Pulmonary Embolism After Cerebral Venous Thrombosis”

e146

Norbert Nighoghossian, MD, PhD

Response by Merkler et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Risk of Pulmonary Embolism After Cerebral Venous Thrombosis”

e147

Alexander E. Merkler, MD; Ava L. Liberman, MD; Babak B. Navi, MD, MS

Letter by Machado-Alba et al Regarding Article, “Rivaroxaban Versus Dabigatran or Warfarin in Real-World Studies of Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”

e148

Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba, MD, PhD; Daniel Ricardo Arias-Jaramillo, MD; Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza, MD

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Response by Bai et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Rivaroxaban Versus Dabigatran or Warfarin in Real-World Studies of Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”

e149

Ying Bai, PhD; Alena Shantsila, PhD; Gregory Y.H. Lip, MD

Letter by McGowan Regarding Article, “Quality of Acute Care and Long-Term Quality of Life and Survival: The Australian Stroke Clinical Registry”

e150

Sharon McGowan, MBA

CORRECTIONSCorrection to: In-Hospital Risk Prediction for Post-stroke Depression: Development and Validation of the Post-stroke Depression Prediction Scale

e151

Correction to: Predictors of the Aspiration Component Success of a Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique (ADAPT) for the Endovascular Treatment of Stroke Reperfusion Strategy in Anterior Circulation Acute Stroke

e152

STROKE (ISSN 0039-2499) is published monthly by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., at 14700 Citicorp Drive, Bldg 3, Hagerstown, MD 21742. Business offices are located at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Production offices are located at 351 West Camden Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-2436. Individuals may subscribe for their personal use at the following rates for print subscriptions: $225 for AHA/ASA Domestic and International Members (excluding General Membership level), or $582 for domestic non-members and $721 for international non-members. AHA membership information can be found online at professional.heart.org. Periodicals postage paid at Hagerstown, MD, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to STROKE, American Heart Association, Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., PO Box 1610, Hagerstown, MD 21740.

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