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ORGANIC MILK FOOD PRODUTS
Definition
As per the Codex Alimentarius commission Guidelines, organic farming may be defined as a
holistic production management system, which promotes and enhances argroecosystem health
including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity.The guideliness have also
established principles of organic production from the stages of production, processing, storageand transport to labelling and marketing.
Organic production is different from the conventional production mainly due to its stress
on conserving the fertility of soil, avoiding pollution, producing food of optimum nutritional
quality, minimizing the usage of nonrenewable resources, etc.
Historical Development
The philosopher Rudolf Steiner founded biodynamic farming during a series of lectures given atan agricultural course in Germany in 1924. When organic movement started in the 1960s, it was
extensively based on the experience of biodynamic farming. The pioneers of the movements
were town people to protest against the increasingly intensive method of production, especially
the use of pesticide and fertilizers. These trends were supported by general society against
increasing materialism, centralization and indiscriminate large-scale products.
In 1981, the organic farmers coordinated with international body called International
Federation of Organic Agriculture Movments (IFOAM), which prepares guidelines for
cultivation and processing. It also has an accreditation programme to control bodies worldwide .
The number of organic farmers was at a modest level until the early 1990s. Many pioneers
dropped out due to economical loss in dairy farm business. However, those who stayed in the
new environment slowly qualified as professional organic farmers.
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The Danish organic movement was organised in 1981 with the foundation of the Danish
Organzation for Organic Farming . Today organic milk accounts for more than onefifth of sales
in certain countries. These estimates indicate that there is an enormous difference between the
growth rates of organic milk production of different European countries. For example, france had
organic milk production of 65 million kg in 1998 and has demand of 400 million kg in 2000.
Similarly it is estimated for Denmark, 185 million kg and 333 million kg in 1998 and 2000,
respectively. The $5.5 billion US organic industry has been doubling in size every 3.5 years
since 1990. The organic milk is now the second most important organic product after fruits and
vegetables in a market with a volume of 2.3 billion US dollars in Germany. With a share of
roughly 39% of the entire European organic milk market, Germany ranks well ahead of Denmark
(~18%) and Austria (~12%) Austria has 200000 organic farms ,10% of the total number of
farms. Canada has 42 organic food organizations each with its own set of standards.
In india, recently a seminar was organzed at Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand, to discuss
the organic aricultural aspects and to create awareness amongst the farmers and concerned
organizations / associations. Under the Bureau of Indian Standards, we have eco-marking system
to protect the environment and health.
Fundamental Rules
The organic practices project the following concerned principles as different from the
conventional practices:
Preserving the fertility of the soil Avoiding all kinds of pollution Producing goods of optimum nutritional quality Utilizing local resources and labour in closed cycles Reducing the use of non- renewable resources to a minimum Providing domestic animals with good condition of life Securing that the farmer can support himself by farming
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Organic Dairy Sector
Organic Dairy Production, a segment of Organic farming is primarily based on the following
farm and live stock managment practices:
Grazing is an essential requirement under organic herd managment. Animal should havesufficient area for grazing and free movement. Confinement of animals for a long period
is not allowed.
In organic milk production, the cattle health has to be managed with almost nil to veryrestricted use of the allopathic medicines including the antibiotics and hormones.
Prevention is the best remedy under the organic herd managment, followed bt the use of
alternate remedies like ayurvedic, homeopathic and other indigenous practices.
Clean drinking water in sufficient quantity is to be offered to the animals. Pesticide free green fodder and feed in sufficient amounts are to be fed to animals. Pure livestock breeds are preferred. Local breeds are to be encouraged. Cross breeding
goes against the philosophy of organic milk production.
Artificial insemination is not allowed under the organic managment as per the indianstandards though the European standards allow for artificial insemination.
No child labour is to be used in production, prosessing and marketing of dairy products. Producres have to keep the written records concerning the production and processing. For the production of organic foods and products special care is taken to exclude
artificial ingredients like colour, flavour, stablizer, sweetener etc.
Organic Milk and Dairy Products
The following points will help in understanding about the organic milk in the detail:
Organic milk is the result of keeping and feeding dairy cows under special conditions.Theconditions bind to the fundatmental rules for organic dairy products. It is guided by
several national and international organzations.
In USA, task is monitored under the organic food production Act of 1990 (under USDA)and a National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) has been set up. The NOSB defines
organic agriculture as an ecological production managment system that promotes and
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enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil bioactivity. It is based on minimal use of
off-farm inputs and on managment practices that restore, maintain and enhance
ecological harmony. The principal guidelines for organic production are to use materials
and practices that enhance the ecological balance of natural systems and that intergrate
parts of farming systems into a holistic ecological system. Organic agriculture practices
can not ensure that products are completely free of residue, however, methods are used to
minimize pollution of air, soil and water. i.e. it is a managment system and not the final
products standards (as preceived through ISO 9000/1400 standards, but not identical).
The primary goal of organic agriculture is to optimize the health and productivity of
interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animal and people. The unified US
standards for organic dairy includes:
No prohibited substances (pesticide, chemical fertilizers) applied to the land for at least 3
years, 100% feed raised by organic production practices and no antibiotics and hormones
are allowed.
In Germeny ecological farming associations, united under the umbrella AGOL,specify the practices almost similar as stated above
In terms of physical, chemical and sensory properties, the milk produced underorganic way does not differ from milk produced under conventional way. The
claim by some consumers that the organic milk tastes better than conventionalmilk shows that the consumer knowledge of organic milk is lacking and
emotionally based.
The joint FAO/WHO food standards program and the codex Alimentariuscommissions committee on food labelling establish guidelines and
recommendations specific to labeling of food products. The codex committee on
Food labeling (CCFL) recoginzed that the definition of organic is more of a
reflection of a process rather than the final products. The guidelines have
established principles of organic products from the stages of production,
processing, storage and transport to labelling and marketing. The guidelines also
provide an indication of accepted permitted inputs for soil fertilization and
conditionig, pest and disease managment, food additives and processing. The
guidlines define organic agriculture as holistic production managment system
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that promotes and enhance agroecosystem, health biodiversity, biological cycles
and soil biological activity. Futher sections of the guidlines defining general
principles for livestock production, source of livestock period necessary for the
conversion, nutrition, permitted health case measures, husbandary practices,
housing, manure managment, record keeping and livestock identification. The
labelling guidelines for organic food under codex were developed with respect to
regulation in force in several countries and were designed to prevent claims that
could mislead consumers about the quality of foods or the manner in which they
are produced.
The products resulted from such organic agriculture are called organic
dairy products. In Europe, out of total organic dairy market, organic yoghurt and
organic cheese repesented 31.9 and 12.0% respectively in 1999.
Costing of ODP
In Denmark in the early 1990s the large dairy plants entered into contracts based
on additional prices up to 40% for organic milk. However one food plant signed
3-year contract guaranteeing prices that are 20% above the conventional level.
Today 50% of the organically produced milk goes in the market as organic milk
which need to be increased to pay bonus to the producer for their efforts to
preserve the nature by creating the House of Ecology.
The yield of organic milk tends to be lower than those of conventional.
Similarly the gross income of organic farms tends to be lower in Canada and
Denmark. However, these may be overcome in days to come by selling large
amount of milk and milk products in the growing market.
According to research done by the Hartman group (USA), 69% of the
organic interested consumers say they would purchase organic products at 10%
premium and 31% at 20% premium.
The major reasons for low purchase of organic foods are high price and
insufficent supply ,whereas, reasons for consuming such products are health
concern, taste, quality, psychology and environmental interest.
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Future of Organic Dairy Products
There are several challenges for organic dairy products viz.
Processing challenges higher cost of raw materials limited supply utilization and balancing components (e.g butterfat or milk
solids)
long term contracts for demand and supply and qualitycertification
Market challenges availability of regular market high prices and international transactions
Some experts look this new era with less optimistic view because of the
consumer needs for more convenient food products like individal portions and
ready to eat meals . The food service is growing and in these kinds of products,
the organic origin is difficult to volarize. However, these changes may be
required to be ripping-over by educating the producers and consumers. The
development of the products can be enhanced by standardization of the
specifications, creation of national organic logo or label, involvement of local
market chains for drawing and attracting occasional and new consumers and
government support to the farm conversion. Jemet (France) forecasted that in 10
years, organic dairy production would represent 3 % of the total dairy products
in the developed countries.
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