OPPORTUNITIES AND CONTRIBUTION TO

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPEMNT IN CENTRAL ASIA

SULTON RAHIMZODA, FIRST DEPUTY MINISTER OF ENERGY

AND WATER RESOURCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

BANGKOK, 2016

T A J I K I S T A N

ASIA-PACIFIC FORUM ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPENT

ASSOSIATED EVENT ON SDG 6

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Tajikistan’s policy since acquisition of national sovereignty is focused on advocating

and advancing the water issues on the national, regional and global levels. Water

cooperation as key factor to achieve sustainable development and to ensure the

peace and stability is at the core of this policy.

TAJIKISTAN: WATER POLICY

- Signed an Almaty Agreement of 1992 on cooperation on joint management of

use and protection of interstate water resources (creation of ICWC);

- Became co-founder of the International Fund for saving the Aral Sea,1993;

- Joined a number of regional Agreements and Declarations.

- Initiated a number of “water” Resolutions of the UN General Assembly including:

International Year of

Fresh Water, 2003

International Decade

for Action “Water for

Life”, 2005-2015

International Year of

Water Cooperation,

2013

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THE ARAL SEA BASIN: WATER FORMATION, LIMITS AND ACTUAL USE

4.5

29.3

64

2.78

8.84 6.18

0

15.29

5.3

14.29

27.07

71.69

2.1 3.15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Formation km3 Allocation km3

Formation and use of water resources in Central Asia is rather different. Two

upstream countries – Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan provides more than 80% of water

resources of the region, while the main water users are downstream countries –

Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, which use more than 85% of these

waters.

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*The Large Aral Sea **The Small Aral Sea

1853 1973 1997 2007

INDICATORS Unit years

1960 1990 01.01.2008

Water level m 53,40 38.24 28,60* (41,84)**

Volume km3 1083 323 93,1 (65,4* + 27,7**)

Surface area thous. km2 68,90 36.4 12,37 (9,1* + 3,27**)

Mineralization g/l 9,90 100-120* (17)**

Flow in Priaralye km3/year 63 12.50 2,105 (on Amu-

Darya)

THE ARAL SEA: DISASTER OF THE 20th CENTURY

According to ICWC for 1992-

2010 years water supply Aral

Sea and Aral Sea was about

258 billion m³ or an average

of 14.3 billion m³ per year.

This exceeds the actual

annual intake of Tajikistan on

the Amu Darya River Basin

nearly doubled.

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In the period from 1956 till 1990 the glacial resources of Central Asia

reduced more than tree times and continue reducing with average

intensity about 0,6-0,8% a year on glaciation area and about 0,1%

on ice volume;

CENTRASL ASIA’s GLACIERS: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT

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The impact assessment showed that

during the whole period of

instrumental observations (since

1930s), the glaciation area of

Tajikistan decreased by around 30%

Findings of glaciological surveys of

2006 revealed that the average

rate of the retreat comprised 16

m/year. In overall, from the whole

observation period (1933-2006),

Fedchenko Glacier retreated by

1 km and lost more than 15 cub.

km (or 1/10) of its mass balance.

TAJIKISTAN’s GLACIERS: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT

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CENTRALS ASIA: TENDENCY OF WATER AVAILABLITY

Changes in value of water resources per capita in the Aral Sea Basin,

thous.m3/capita/year

Source: Fuel and energy balances of the countries

by IEA, 2004

Countries Gas Oil Coal Hydro

power Total

Kazakhstan 16 50 33 1 100

Kyrgyzstan 2 5 11 82 100

Tajikistan 2 1 1 96 100

Turkmenistan 83 17 0 0 100

Uzbekistan 84 13 2 1 100

As a whole 48 33 17 2 100

Structure of production of the

initial fuel and energy

resources, in percent (%)

ENERGY RESOURCES OF THE ARAL SEA BASIN

Republic of Tajikistan among other CA countries has a great hydropower potential

equals 527 bln. kW.h. It exceeds the current electricity consumption by the Central

Asian countries 3 times and at the moment only 3,3% of this potential is being used.

The economic effective capacity of the Tajikistan hydropower potential makes

317 bln. kW.h per year.

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Source: Report of SPECA «To strengthening of cooperation on rational use of water and power resources of Central Asia»,

UN, 2004, publications of Statistic Committee of CIS, materials of seminar «Dams and hydropower in Russia and other CIS

countries», 2007

Countries

HPP

Capacity,

MW

Power

generation by

HPP (2005),

bln. kW.h

Economic

Hydropower

capacity,

bln. kW.h

Use of

Hydro-

power

capacity, %

Share in

Hydropower

capacity of

Central Asia

%

Kazakhstan 2248 7,9 27 29 6

Kyrgyzstan 2910 14,0 142,5 14 22

Tajikistan 4037 17,1 317 5 69

Turkmenistan 1 0 2 0 0

Uzbekistan 1420 6,0 15 49 3

TOTAL 10616 45,0 503,50 10! 100

HYDRO POWER POTENTIAL OF THE

CENTAL ASIA COUNTRIES

10

996 TWh

12 %

Africa

88 %

4819 TWh

65 %

35%

Asia

58 %

89 TWh

42 %

Asia and

Australia

845 TWh

68 %

Europe

32 %

1051 TWh

33 %

67 %

North and

Central

America

60 %

9477 TWh

40%

World

1677 TWh

60%

40 %

South

America

90%

Swit-

zerland

38 TWh 10%

Technical possible potential

1585

TWh 8042

TWh

185

TWh 1203

TWh

1985

TWh

2804

TWh

15803

TWh

42

TWh

Used potential

Economical possible

HYDROPOWER: SITUATION IN THE WORLD

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HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL

OF TAJIKISTAN

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BENEFITS FROM HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT

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Using of the renewable sources of energy,

which fits to the main concept of “Green

economy”;

Generation of the cheap and

environmental friendly electricity;

Saving the fuel resources, which are using

now intensively for power generation;

Reducing the carbon emissions.

HYDRO

POWER

PLANTS

WATER

RESERVOIRS

(STORAGE)

Sustainable water management;

Ensuring the water security;

Protection from floods and mudflows and

mitigation the droughts.

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EFFICIENT & USEFUL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT;

HUGE ECONOMICAL EFFECT AT THE RATE OF 5% REGIONAL

GDP;

ADAPTATION TO THE CLIMATE CHANGE AND EFFECTIVE

FIGHT AGAINST NEW CHALLENGE;

Water cooperation is a key for success in addressing water

issues and can make a significant contribution in maintenance

of peace and stability, especially on transboundary level.

Tajikistan fully recognizes this and therefore has always been,

is and remains committed to mutually beneficial cooperation,

good neighborly relationship and faithful implementation of

commitments under international agreements to address

water issues on regional and global levels.

CENTRAL ASIA: BENEFITS FROM WATER COOPERATION

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TAJIKISTAN: NEW WATER INITIATIVE

Taking into account that in 2015 the period of the International Decade for Action “Water for Life”, 2005 -2015 is finished and the world community has started to actively work on achievement of SDGs, President of the Republic of Tajikistan during the 7th World Water Forum in Korea has proposed to declare the new International Decade under the

motto “Water for Sustainable Development”. This

initiative has been supported by participants of the High Level International Conference on Implementation of the International Decade for Action “Water for Life”, 2005 -2015 held on June 2015 in Dushanbe, including UNSG.

We are expecting that this new Decade will become one of the real mechanism supporting the continuation of the achievements within the International Decade for Action “Water for Life”, 2005 -2015 and implementation of the new water related SDGs.

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BASIS OF REGIONAL COOPERATTION

1992 Signing of the Agreement between Republic of Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and

Republic of Uzbekistan on cooperation in sphere of joint

management, use and protection of the water resources of

the interstate sources (rivers):

- creation of the Interstate Coordination Water

Commission (ICWC)

1993 Decision of Heads of the Central Asian states on establishment of

the International Fund for saving the Aral Sea (IFAS)

1995 Nukus Declaration of the Central Asian states and international

organizations

1998 Agreement between the Governments of the Republic of

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Tajikistan and

Republic of Uzbekistan on use of water and power resources

of the Syrdarya river basin

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IFAS STRUCTURE

THE COUNCIL OF THE

HEADS OF STATES

PRESIDENT

INTERSTATE

COMMISSION FOR

WATER COORDINATION

INSPECTION COMMISSION

IFAS BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

OF IFAS

INTERSTATE SUSTANABLE

DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION SIC ISDC

SECRETAR

IAT

EXECUTIVE

BOARD ON

KAZAKHSTAN

EXECUTIVE

BOARD ON

KYRGYZSTAN

BRANCH IN

TAJIKISTAN

BRANCH IN

DASHOGUZ

NUKUSS

BRANCH

KZYLORDA

DEPARTMENT

OF EXECUTIVE

BOARD

SECRETARIAT

SIC ICWC

SYRDARYA BWO

AMUDARYA

BWO

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THANKS A LOT

FOR YOUR ATTENTION!