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class notes on opportunistic and systemic fungi
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Class Notes 6/12/2013Opportunistic Fugni PPT130611_001Review:Why are fungi important
Medicine, environment, industry, hypersensitivity and allergiesWhat is the difference between a mold and yeast?
Mold colonies are filamentious and branching, yeast is aunicellular and bacterial-like coloniesWhat is the standard media in mycology
Saboroud Dextrose AgarWhat is the preferred pH of fungi?
Acidic 5-6What is a dimorphic fungus?
At 37C yeast, at RT a mold Give 3 types of wet mounts
KOH, India ink, LPCB, Calcoflour whiteWhat are 2 stains used in hematological preparations
Wright and GimsaWhat are the stains used for Tissue?
H&E, PAS, Methenemine silverWho prepares tissue smears?
Anatomical pathologyThis organism is pathogenic and found inside WBC, systemic group, detected by wright or gimsea stain.
Histoplasma CapsulatumDefine Selective media
Has extra inhibitory ingredient like antibiotics to inhibito other organisms like normal floraStandard media
SDAWhat is a common selective media used in the lab
MycoselWhat common antibiotics added to the agar to make it selective?
chloramphenancol or cyclohexanimideWhat other addition media is used in the mycology laboratory
BHI, PDA/PFAWhat is the special effect of PDA agar?
Enhance spore formation/ conidiationWhat are common techniques to ID fungi?
Slide culture, tease mount, biochemical testing (metabolism or enzymes, assimilation), PCR/RT-PCR, immunological techniques
Know the different structures of fungiPhilidesSporangiumCoidiopohreMacro amd microconidiaConidia synonomous with sporesSeptated and aseptatedWhat is the difference between Dematiacious and hyaline?Hyaline DematiaciousAre clear and will take up the color of the stain structures are dark staining
Opportunistic fungi Fungi under normal healthy conditions will not cause infection in the patient
Exceptions debilitated or significantly injured patients, may cause slight allergies in healthy personse.g. sick, malnourished, on antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, diabetic, immunocompromised, low immune responses
What are the general characteristics of the Opportunistic organismsSaprophytic, live off decaying matterFound in soil and common to the environmentMostly inhibited by antibiotics, if suspected of systemic infection, do not use antibiotics in mediaFast growers/rapid growersHyaline or dematiaciousAseptated or septated ( divisions in hyphae) aseptated are associated with zygomycetes, fast death
aseptated septatedAbsidiaMucorRhizopus
dematiacious hyalineAlternariaAureebasidiumBipolarisCladosporiumCulvariaNigrospora
AcremoniumAspergillusFusariumPenicilliumChrysosporiumScopulariosusSepedomium
RAMrisen abcess mucoid
alternating curvy bipolar aurora comes next
Sweet Christ! Asburgers peoples acne fuzed secularly
You need to be able to differentiate when these are the etologic agents of disease vs contaminants.In order to decide you firstly DO NOT open plate cultures with filamentous colony growing. Open under the hood to prevent exposure to systemic fungus endemic to the area line coccidiodies to El Paso.
Check that the symptoms and diagnosis of infection are consistent with suspected organism Were the fungal elements seen in tissue or other material obtained from infection? Are these same fungal
elements seen in other patient sample cultures? If the organisms is the same colony type and capable of growing on different media plated.
Did a fungus grow in culture of infected material? Sometimes thaty need to be incubated for a longer time to allow for growth
Was there more than one cultures positive for the same fungus ? e.g. blood cultures collect 6 tubes, if true infection growth will be seen in all 6 tubes.
Is the fungus isolated capable of causing the associated infections Know general characteristics and associated disease
What are the opportunistic organisms associated with disease?The zygomycetes Absidia
mucorRhizopusAspergillus Fumigatus
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Fungi and memory picture Description Clinical significance
name
AseptatedBranchingNo rhizoids or stolons seensporangia
Zygomycosis, otomycosis, allergies
Mucor
aseptateunbranchedstoons connect rhizoids like roots
zygomycosis, otomycosys
rhizopus
aseptatepear shaped sporangiarhizoidscollarettefat stems
zygomycosis, allergies
absidia
tapering conidiophoresclosly packed elliptical conidiahyalineseptate
resembles S Shenckii
keratomycosis, mycetoma, systemic infections
acremonium
Flash shaped phialideshyalineseptateddifferent conidia arrangement
A. Fumagatus is the most commonly isolated pathogen
pulmonary diseaseAllergic reactions,otomycosisKeratomycosisnasal sinuses
Apergillus
macroconidia banana shaped , Fusiformtapering phialiades
confused with acremonium
onychomycosisotomycosiskeratitisinvasive nasal infections
fusarium
chains of conidia form phialideconidiophore resembles paint brushed
pulmonary infectiononychomycosisbladder infections
penicillium
thin septated hyphaovoid conidiaconidia produced within or along hyphasensitive to cyclohexamide
confused with B dermatitidis
clinical significance , rarely recovered from infectionsfound in hylohyphomycosis & osteomielytus
chysosporium
thick walled conidia that may be tuberculatedresemble H capsulatumConidia of different sizes according to growth stage
n/a sepedonium
short septated anellophoresconidia are pear shapedthick echiulate wall
onychomycosisrare otitis and septicemia
scopulariosis
