Olga Chudinovskikh, Lomonosov Moscow state university, Russian Federation

2

mainly temporary and short-term ,

job search is the main purpose of the move. Annual flows of

temporary workers involve several million persons (6-10), about ½ million migrants change the country of permanent residence

mainly within the CIS area, and

Russia is the main destination country, followed by Kazakhstan.

In 2014 Russia issued 3.7 mln. permissions to work, Kazakhstan

33 thousand work permits. Not only the scale , but composition of

flows differs , especially – labour migration

Labour migration is an important

factor of economic development:

4 CIS countries are in the list of

top-10 remittances receiving countries in the world.

17% 17% 18% 18% 23% 25% 26% 29% 30%

42%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2012 2013 2014

Top-10 countries by personal

remittances, received (% of GDP) Visa – free mobility prevails,

Eurasian economic union (5 states) - free

labour mobility zone

Migration related

indicators (including

connected with the

SDG agenda)seem to

be of a considerable

importance . However the main goal

of national statistics - to

measure the volumes

and possibly get some basic characteristics of

migrants

Uneven development of sources (due to

different roles of the countries) :

Sending countries (Central Asia, Transcaucasia, Moldova, Ukraine) mainly rely

on sample surveys, receiving countries

(Russia, Kazakhstan) – on administrative

sources

All countries (except Uzbekistan) conduct censuses following UN recommendations

(include both core and non-core questions,

on immigrants, internal migrations and often – on absent population).

Main limitations - Availability,

List of variables , Access

Different priorities:

sending countries

– to estimate

absent population

size,

receiving

countries – to

count in-

migrants

Sending countries (Armenia, Moldova, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan)-

Questions addressed to households with/without migrants – including return migrants, potential migrants and those who are abroad at the moment of interview.

Different time interval for migrants’ (3-5 years, or no time limit)

Support from international organizations

Receiving countries –

Kazakhstan and Russia-

Limited experience in migration data collection

Kazakhstan – a very good module in the past (LFS), no more implemented

Russia – monthly LFS : about 1 million

respondents per year, resident population

15-72 y.o.

No questions on place of birth, place of

residence N years prior to the survey,

(+year of migration),

Question on citizenship in dichotomous

form (RF – non-RF)

No questions on salaries

Probability sampling - considerable

underestimation of stock of foreigners

Quarterly Living standards survey (appr. 200

thous. resp. per year. No questions on place

of birth and citizenship

Directorate General on

Migration

Issues (MOI)

Federal

State

Statistics Service of

Russia (ROSSTAT)

Border (passport)

control (+ migration cards)

Ministry of education and science

MFA , consulates

Enrollment, graduation and stock of foreign students

Visa statistics (not available)

Citizenship acquisition

Consular registrations

Entries and exits of foreigners and nationals

Census *

•RESIDENCE PERMITS

•WORK PERMITS and patents

•FORCED MIGRATION

•CITIZENSHIP

•VISA EXTENTIONS

•ISSUANCE OF IDs (passports)

FOR THE RF CITIZENS

•REGISTRATION AT A PLACE OF

RESIDENCE AND STAY (BOTH

NATIONALS AND FOREIGNERS)

Primary data on migrants – paper

forms of arrival and departure

Forced

migrants

Annual

statistics of flows

Compatriots

resettlement

LFS

MIGRATION DATA PRODUCERS IN RUSSIA (green arrows - information

sent to Rosstat)

Educational institutions (tertiary & secondary)

Microcensus

2015 **

Labour migration

Data bases of the

other agencies :

•Tax Service

•Pension fund

Insurance

companies

Automated System

«Elections»

Civil registries

House maintenance

companies

Directorate General on Migration issues

(MOI) is a “super agency”, responsible

for permits (work and residence)

issuance, visa extensions, citizenship

acquisition, and – registration of both

foreigners and Russian citizens at a place

of stay and residence., (also issues national

IDs – (passports)

In progress : applied

software “Territory. It will

replace disintegrated

regional systems of RF

citizens registration

(different software, no

centralized data base)

Central data bank

of

foreigners

“Basic list of variables”

7

Information on physical

persons Variables (24):

• Name,

• Sex

• Place and date of birth

• Citizenship

• Ethnicity

• Religion

• Knowledge of Russian

language

• Social status

• Marital status etc.

Registration of all events related to a foreigner, starting from entry

to Russia and till citizenship acquisition.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Патенты 156.8 862.4 1283.4 1534.6 2379.4 1779.8 1492.2

ВКС 3.1 10.8 11.8 26.3 34.2 41.8 25.5

Обычные РНР (с КС) 1170 1219.8 1403.6 1368.3 1300.7 135.3 107.7

Всего 1329.9 2093 2698.8 2929.2 3714.3 1957 1625.4

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1000

Patents

Highly-skilled specialists

Regular work permits

Issued

Total

SDG:

Protect labour rights

of migrant workers ,

etc.

New regulations led

to considerable

increase of costs of

access to the

labour market (and

unfair taxation of

migrant workers

with patents

(licenses)

9

10.1

12.9

13.0

13.1

18.0

20.5

24.9

32.0

35.8

80.9

83.3

17.7

89.9

87.1

87.0

86.9

82.0

79.5

75.1

68.0

64.2

19.1

16.7

82.3

0% 100%

Tajikistan

Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Ukraine

Moldova

Kyrgyzstan

Thailand

Philippines

Total

women men

11.6

13.7

20.9

37.3

39.4

34.5

40.7

45.6

48.0

56.5

61.7

59.0

62.6

59.1

42.9

46.3

51.2

48.1

44.6

44.5

39.6

35.3

29.4

23.7

19.9

19.8

14.3

14.2

11.2

9.7

7.6

3.8

3.0

0% 20%40%60%80%100%

Italy

Lithuania

Japan

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Ukraine

Moldova

Kazakhstan

Total

Tajikistan

Kyrgyzstan

<17-29

30-49

50+

% of men and

women Age composition

Some examples of disaggregation of administrative

data on labour migration in Russia: gender and age

aspect (issued work permissions , 2014)

10

2.4

1.2

3.9

0.8

7.9

1.0

4.7

7.3

7.9

8.8

5.3

12.5

50.7

16.1

23.4

26.9

23.7

27.6

22.7

13.3

24.5

16.5

33.5

17.7

11.7

38.1

22.9

37.7

9.8

29.4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Armenia

Kyrgyzstan

Moldova

Tajikistan

Ukraine

Uzbekistan Top managers

Skilled staff in agriculture ,

forestry, hunting etc.

Technicians (middle level of

qualification) in engineering

Workers in mining, repair,

construction and assembly

operations Skilled workers, drivers,

engine drivers, fitters of

equipment etc.Low-skilled workers in all

spheres of economy

Other

Данные Евростата:

обращения за

статусом беженца

в ЕС, тыс. В 2015

году достигло

рекордных

значения (ок. 1,3

млн), вдвое

превысив высокие

показатели начала

1990-х

114

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAug

Applications for temporary

asylum by quarters 2014-

2016 гг. , thousand

331

254

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

4

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

5

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

201

6

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAug

Stock of

temporary

asylum holders

12

Population register

PIN PIN used for

registration

of new

place of residence

PIN used to

produce

statistics on migration

Azerbaijan + + + _

Armenia + + + _

Belarus + + + _

Kazakhstan + + + _

Kyrgyz Rep. - + - _

Moldova + + + _

Russia _ _ _ _

Tajikistan _ _ _ _

Turkmenistan _ _ _ _

Uzbekistan _ _ _ _

Ukraine _ _ _ _

UNECE 2016

In Russia –a certain “competition”

between agencies

responsible for

population registration , each

uses its own PIN,

or does not use any

(Tax service, Pension fund, Migration

service)

Migrants’ health – system of overall health examination and insurance of foreigners (naturalized migrants might be missing)

Migrants’ incomes - Tax service

Employment and unemployment - LFS and administrative data

Financial behaviour - bank reports

Complementary info on the topic on brain drain and migration of health workers - Federal Register of Health Workers (variable – country of training)

In the future - every

automated system

of population

registration - both

governmental or

corporative can

and should include

variable “country of

birth” and

“citizenship”

All records include information

on place of birth , citizenship

and place of permanent

residence (registration) of a

person –

Births - info on each parent of

a child,

Marriages – info on each

spouse

Regional offices of Rosstat

receive information from

regional Civil registries in e-

form, however not all

variables are requested

Basic problems - low quality

of primary information,

mistakes, noon-utilization of

standardized l list of territories

etc.

Children born at

foreign parents in

selected regions ,

2011, %

It was the first experience of

estimation of percentage of

children born at foreigner

parents and % of foreigners

among newly married couples

2

1.4

1.3

1.4

6.3

3.7

9.2

6.8

2.2

0.6

4.6

1.1

1

0.8

0.9

3.7

1.7

5.9

4.5

1.6

0.4

2.9

0 2 4 6 8 10

Krasnodar region

Primirsky krai

Stavropol oblast

Irkutsk oblast

St. Petersburg

Leningrad oblast

Moscow

Moscow oblast

Sverdlovsk oblast

Tatarstan

Total

Mother is a

foreigner

At least one

parent is a

foreigner

An experience of analysis of civil registry data to estimate migrants’

contribution to vital events in selected regions of Russia

(Author - Svetlana Biryukova, MSU-HSE)

Interstate statistical Committee of the CIS – collects information on

permanent-type migration flows (no disaggregation) and labour

migration.

Attempts to harmonize definitions (not very successful so far due to

objective reasons)

+ ILO

and

World

Bank

In the CIS area and Russia in particular:

Role of administrative sources is considerable in receiving countries and will be even more important in the future. However, (at least – at the moment) they can not be the only source of migration data relevant to the SDG agenda . In the future it is necessary to enlarge the list of variables and establish links between different administrative data bases in each country

Household surveys are to be developed and regularly conducted both in receiving and sending countries , possibility of harmonization of programmes and regularity could be discussed

National statistical offices have carte blanche in developing both their own sources and stimulating administrative agencies to cooperate and develop their statistical resources

International organizations can contribute to capacity building via consultancies, methodological (and possibly financial ) assistance

Thank you for your attention!

19

1.1

0.9 0.8

0.7

1.0

1.2

1.0 1.2

1.0

0.8

1.2

3.3

1.6

0.5

1.0

1.4

2.2

1.3

3.0

1.3

0.6

2.1

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

2010/2002 2002/1989 2010/1989

0.6

1.2

2.2

6.6

12.5

15.6

17.1

19.9

23.9

31.1

37.4

36.3

35.3

21.1

59.0

0.6

1.2

2.1

6.0

11.7

14.8

16.1

18.4

24.5

34.4

43.2

45.5

51.3

34.9

116.7

100 50 0 50 100 150

0 - 4

5 - 9

10 - 14

15 - 19

20 - 24

25 - 29

30 - 34

35 - 39

40 - 44

45 - 49

50 - 54

55 - 59

60 - 64

65 - 69

70+

females

Belarus

males

Belarus

0.3

0.3

0.3

1.2

2.1

2.7

2.8

2.3

1.8

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.2

0.1

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.8

1.4

1.4

1.1

1.0

0.8

0.7

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

1.0

4 2 0 2

0 - 4

5 – 9

10 - 14

15 - 19

20 - 24

25 - 29

30 - 34

35 - 39

40 - 44

45 - 49

50 - 54

55 - 59

60 - 64

65 - 69

70+Belarus

females

Belarus

males

Родившиеся в РБ Граждане РБ

5.1

1.7

2.9

1.9

8.2

9.1

9.1

9

2.8

6.4

2.7

0.9

1.4

1.1

4.9

5.7

4.2

4.5

1.6

3.4

2.4

0.8

1.5

0.8

3.3

3.4

4.9

4.5

1.2

3

0 2 4 6 8 10

Krasnodar region

Primorsky krai

Stavropolsky krai

Irkutsk oblast

St. Petersburg

Leningrad oblast

Moscow

Moscow oblast

Sverdlovsk oblast

Total

Both are

foreigners

Wife is a

foreigner