Old Land (Sharkia)

Project site

Old land

Zankalon Water Research StationWater Management Research Institute (NWRC)

Activities

No. Activity Objective

1 Test and adapt the raised bed machine on wheat and sugarbeet in winter and maize and cotton in summer under old land conditions in Egypt

1. To evaluate the performance of the raised bed machine under Nile Delta’s clay soil

2. To determine the optimal bed width and furrow length using a modified machine

3. To evaluate the effect of furrow spacing (raised bed width) and furrow length on water/nutrients dynamics and water productivity

2 Nitrogen management under mechanized raised bed technology of winter (wheat, sugar beet, and berseem) crops and summer (maize and rice) crops under old land conditions in Egypt's Delta

1. To determine optimal rates of nitrogen application under different raised bed width

Tested variables and experimental design

Treatments:

• BW1 = 65 cm • BW2 = 130 cm

Raised

Bed Width

• FL1 (short) = 25 m • FL2 (long) = 50 m

Furrow Length

• N1 = 100%• N2 = 85%• N3 = 70%

Nitrogen rates

Treatments for rice crop:

1. Planting method

2. Bio & N-fertilizers

Farmer method (flat)

furrow method

Bio+ 75% N

100% N

Bio + 100% N

Implementation

Main soil physical and hydro-physical characteristics at the experimental site.

Depth(cm)

Particle size analysis

FC(%)

WP (%)

AW (%)

Bulk density(g/cm3)

EC (dS/m) pH

Sand Silt Clay Texture

0 – 20 25.80 28.90 43.51 Clay 43.51 23.55 19.96 1.25 1.40 8.10

20 – 40 25.12 30.10 42.50 Clay 40.50 21.06 19.44 1.27 1.22 8.00

40 – 60 26.90 31.50 40.50 Clay 37.12 17.59 19.53 1.35 1.25 8.01

60 – 80 29.78 31.50 37.12 Clay 36.25 16.62 19.63 1.40 1.05 8.02

Mean 26.90 30.50 40.91 Clay 39.35 19.71 19.64 1.32 1.23 8.03

Chemical analysis of irrigation water

Sample EC (dS/m)

Cations (meq/l) Anions (meq/l)

Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+ K+ CO32- HCO3

- Cl- SO42-

1 0.41 1.60 1.71 1.35 0.25 - 3.40 0.73 0.78

2 0.39 1.58 1.69 1.39 0.27 - 3.48 0.70 0.75

3 0.37 1.71 1.76 1.37 0.32 - 3.50 0.76 0.90

Mean 0.39 1.63 1.72 1.37 0.28 - 3.46 0.73 0.81

Average monthly agro-met. values at the experimental site

Date

Air temperature (oC)RH(%)

ET (mm/d)

Total Rain

(mm/mon.)T. min T. max T. mean

NOV. 2010 12.16 21.20 16.68 61.36 3.41 -

DEC. 2010 9.35 23.25 16.40 62.48 2.13 0.50

JAN. 2011 6.38 20.38 13.64 62.45 2.65 1.30

FEB. 2011 7.61 21.64 14.63 59.25 2.98 -

MAR. 2011 7.32 22.93 15.12 55.87 3.76 15.00

APR. 2011 10.68 27.56 19.03 54.80 4.91 9.60

MAY 2011 13.8 31.77 22.48 50.74 7.37 -

WheatEffect of furrow length and width and nitrogen level on grain and straw yields and yield components of wheat crop (winter season 2010/2011).

Treatments Plant height

(cm)

1000-grains weight

(gm)

Grain yield(t/ha)

Straw yield(t/ha)

Length (m)

L1 -25m 107.1 47.09 8.159 11.721L2 -50m 109.8 49.51 8.643 12.103F- test ** ** * **

Width

W1 -65cm 106.8 47.45 7.819 11.790W2 -130cm 110.2 49.16 8.982 12.035F1 test ** ** ** **

N

N1 -100% 109.7 50.49 8.869 12.052N2 -85% 108.9 48.84 8.539 11.949N3 -70% 106.7 45.57 7.793 11.737F. test ** ** ** **

Interactions

LW * N.S N.S *LN N.S N.S ** N.SWN N.S N.S ** N.SLWN N.S N.S * N.S

Effect of furrow length and width and nitrogen level on some water relations of wheat crop (winter season 2010/2011).

Applied Water(m3/ha)

Water SavedWater

Consumptive use

(m3/ha)

IWUE(kg/m3)

WUE(kg/m3)% (m3/ha)

L

L1- 25m 4857.15 - - 3709.0 1.711 2.201

L2 - 50m 4404.76 9.31 452.39 3243.0 1.991 2.670

W

W1-65cm 5089.28 - - 3559.0 1.543 2.215

W2-130cm 4172.62 18.01 916.66 3393.0 2.159 2.655

N

N1-100% 4821.42 - - 3553.0 1.866 2.519

N2-85% 4650.80 3.56 171.43 3486.0 1.873 2.459

N3-70% 4420.54 8.31 400.81 3388.0 1.815 2.327IWUE = Irrigation water use efficiency (kg grain/m3 applied irrigation water)WUE = Water use efficiency (kg grain/m3 consumed water)

SugarbeetEffect of furrow length and width and nitrogen level on sugar beet yield and quality (winter season 2010/2011).

Treatments Root Yield (t/ha)

Sucrose Percent

(%)

Purity (%)

Sugar yield(t/ha)

LL1-25m 77.94 20.0 79.85 15.60L2-50m 82.65 20.35 79.60 16.84F- test * N.S N.S **

WW1-65cm 74.40 19.85 79.95 14.79W2-130cm 86.18 20.50 79.50 17.65F1 test ** ** * **

N

N1-100% 85.47 19.71 79.16 16.86N2-85% 80.40 20.22 79.68 16.32N3-70% 75.00 20.59 80.34 15.48F. test ** ** ** **

Interactions

LW N.S N.S N.S N.SLN ** N.S ** **WN N.S N.S ** *LWN N.S N.S N.S N.S

Effect of furrow length and width and nitrogen level on some water relations of sugar beet crop (winter season 2010-2011).

Treatments Applied water (m3/ha)

Water SaveWater

consumptive use

(m3/ha)

IWUE (kg/m3) WUE (kg/m3)

(m3/ha) (%) Root Sugar Root Sugar

LL1 - 25m 7161.8 - - 5094.9 1.108 0.223 1.642 0.330

L2 - 50m 6746.9 414.92 5.79 4777.2 1.255 0.256 1.768 0.361

WW1- 65cm 7748.0 - 5533.5 0.964 0.192 1.418 0.282

W2-130cm 6160.7 1587.41 20.48 4338.3 1.400 0.287 1.990 0.408

N

N1 - 100% 7048.0 - 5063.1 1.234 0.245 1.732 0.342

N2 - 85% 6948.0 - 4898.7 1.189 0.239 1.686 0.343

N3 - 70% 6867.0 - 4845.8 1.123 0.233 1.696 0.351

TreatmentsPlant height

(cm)

Grain yield/plant

(gm)

100 grains weight (gm)

Grain yield(ton/ha)

LL1 25 m 279.71 477.23 27.39 7.877L2 50 m 286.93 546.27 28.81 8.225

f. test ** ** * N.S

WW1 65 cm 279.26 476.35 27.61 7.484

W2 130 cm 287.38 527.15 28.6 8.618f. test ** ** ** **

N

N1 100% 286.41 540.13 29.38 8.487N2 85% 283.85 514.63 28.42 8.201N3 70% 27.68 450.48 26.51 7.465

f. test ** ** ** **

Interaction

L. W N.S * N.S N.S

L. N N.S ** N.S N.S

W. N N.S ** N.S N.S

L.W.N N.S N.S N.S N.S

MaizeEffect of furrow length and width and nitrogen level on maize yield and yield components (summer season 2011).

Effect of furrow length and width and nitrogen level on some water relations of maize crop (summer 2011).

TreatmentsConsumed

water(m3\ha)

Applied water

(m3\ha)

WUE(kg/m3)

IWUE(kg/m3

applied)

Water saved (m3/ha, %)

LL1 25 m 4953.66 7674.06 1.59 1.03 -

L2 50 m 4651.16 7232.8 1.77 1.14 441 (5.7%)

WW1 65 cm 4814.3 8241.9 1.55 0.91

W2 130 cm 4650.8 6664.9 1.85 1.29 1577 (19%)

N

N1 100% 4942. 7578.33 1.72 1.12

N2 85% 4814.3 7458.33 1.70 1.10 120 (1.6%)

N3 70% 4650.8 7323.66 1.61 1.02 254 (3.4%)

TreatmentsPlant height

(cm)1000 grains weight (gm)

Panicle grains weight (gm)

Grain yield (ton/fed)

Planting method ( M )Normal transplanting method (M1)

101.27 25.04 1.88 9.34

Transplanting as strips method (M2).

104.18 26.21 2.05 10.48

F. test ** * ** **

Nitrogen (N)

N1: 100% nitrogen 104.89 26.38 2.1 10.23

N1: 85% nitrogen 102.13 25.88 2.05 10.13

N1: 70% nitrogen 99.75 24.63 1.75 9.38

F. test ** ** ** **

Interactions

M*N N.S N.S N.S N.S

RiceEffect of cultivation methods and nitrogen levels on rice yield and yield components (summer 2011).

Planting methods

(M)

Total amount of applied water

(m3/ha)

Grain yield (t/ha)

Yield increasing

(%)

Water saving

WUE (kg/m3)

m3/ha (%)

Normal Transplanting(M1) 14878.0 9.34 - - - 0.628

Furrow method (M2).

9664.0 10.48 12.24 5214.0 35.00 1.084

Total amount of applied water, rice yield, water savings and water use efficiency (WUE) as affected by planting methods and nitrogen levels.

IIOut Scaling and Dissemination

Three field days and three harvest days were conducted in the site to disseminate the activities being conducted in the benchmarks

Farmers from Sharkia Governorate, officials, extension agents, researchers from ARC, NWRC, and ICARDA attended the field days.

Field & Harvest Days

Old LandFD

Old LandHD

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