.,

- ..,

Vo118.6June(8) (~)~~\- 'A~~

2003-Y..f.-

,EIIDiJi:fiANDPUBliSHED BY. iiiE .E~IAN SOCIETY

OFAPPLIEDSCIENCES

~. ' , q \ , ~ ., ',p;,,';:

'Egyp,t.J.Appl~ Sci;'11lyi;JJj'2003 815-833

.' ""i, id" " ;',.,~,.. , ,;"""""., .

SOME NUTRITIONAL TRIALS TO INCREASE.GROUNDNUT YIELD AND QUALITY

. '

Monged O. Nadia , Amal F. ~bd'-El..Hamide,H.G. Abu EL Fotohand S.M.M. ALLAM '

'Plant Nutriti~nRes. Section., Soil & Water and Environment Res. lnst.,-, ,

A~ric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt

".','." . ABSTRACT.

Three simple experiments were condu<:~edongroundnut v. Giza 5in farmers field during 1999 - 2001, each experiment occupied in onefeddan (4200~2). The first experiment was to study the effect ofbalanced fertilization; using 2 N rates, 2K rates and the micronutrientsfoliar sprays containing (Fe, Mri, and Zn) as (O.2gm./Lof each) ongroundnut yield and several chemical constituents. The-results indicatedthat using; 30 kg NI fed. + 22 kg P20s1 fed. + 24 kg K201 fed: + themicronutrients recorded the highest increase in yield over,'the control(36%Y.In general, it was found that using the micronutriettt! treatmeritincreases the nutr~t:1ntconcentration in seeds, but,protein and oil in alesser degree in seeds. '

The second trial was to study the effect of 2 N rates + 2 K rates +the biofertilizer B,megatherium (Row phosphate dissolving bacteria). Theresults showed the great benefit of the biofertilizer used on the' yield'especially when used with 30 Kg NI fed. + 22'.5 Kg. P2Oj/fed. + 24 Kg.K201 fed. This ~eatment recorded 83% increase over the control. It wasfound also that the inoculation with that biofertilizer increased N,P, Fe,Mn, and Zn concentration in seeds but K to a lesser degree. '

As a result of the previous experiments the third, experimertt wasconducted in five locations in the Egyptian govemorates to study theeffect N, K, the micronutriens (Fe, Mn, ZIl) and the biofertilizerRisobium leguminozarum ficia on yield and some physiological Cbntents. .It was found that; the best treatment was that using 30kg NI fed. + 225kgP20s1 fed. + 24Kg K201 fed. + (Fe, Mn, Zn) + the biofertilizer used. Itrecorded a highly significant increase in yield about 25.72% more thanthe control. Followed by the treatment NPK + the micronutrients itrecorded a highly significant increase over the control (20.57%). Theprevious treatments registered the best physiolog~cai constituents;oil

',',t',

816 ."Egypt.J.Appl. Sei; 18 (6B) 2Q(!.~

concentration, the protein concentration and the mineral elements contentin seeds. '

COl)ceming the locations it was found that the seed yield rangedbetween the locations from 9.21 to 23.52 ardab/fed The differencebetween them was significant. (ardab = 75kg)

It WasJi found that the inoculation with the biofertilizer"" . ' , "

B.megatherium (Row phosphate dissolying bacteria) (83%) seemes to bebetter than Risobium leguminozarum jicia ( 25.72%) when each wascompared with each control; taking into consideration that the control of

each was ~o~ulat~d with Bardyrhizobium japonicum~ " ,

.. INTRODUCTION'" ',;, , ' ,,' : , {,

Amohgest the high nutritive and industrial crops is gro{mdnut(Arachis 'hyPogaea'L.) which has been lo~g used 'as dietary c'omponentParticuJMJY~fqrits high 'protein (30%) anclo.il ~ontent(38-50%). It alsothfives''\\~~l~'ilithe newly reclanned ,~oji,speCi~ly,calcm:eous and sandy

~ ' " .SOilS., , ' , . '. " '

'Experts,estima~~,that 30 to 50% of crop:prq911c~ion'comes directlyfrom fertiliz~~nutrierifapplication. , ,

So, in the challenge to fill the gap between production andconsumption of groundnut, increasing productivity led to increase the useofchemic~llfertilizers that are not so expensive but also pollutingagroecosystems. Therefore, the current trend is to reduce the use ofchemical fertilizes and keep high productivity in the meantime.

Inoculation to groundnut with Rizobia is of great importance(Sahrawat et'al. 1988). Also the effect ofN are of great benefit (Moqssa2000) and P application (EI-Hamzawi 2001). In this connection, Isra~l(1987) ,indicated that P has specific roles in nodule initiation growth andfunctioniIlg in addition to its involvement in host plant growth processes.K also)~8$ ~eateffect on groundnut yield (Keerati et al. 1987). On theother' Jiand, some,' 'mic~o~utrients have great effect on groundnutproduCtivity; Ratanarat, (1987)" fount that foliar sprays with Fe togroundnut increased pod yields. Parker et al. (1988) concluded that Mnaffected groundnut. Gupta and Potalia(1987) found that application' ofZn improved markedly shoot yield of groundnut. So, the balancedfertili~t.ip.n,js b~g>ming very important and argent nowadays (EI-Ak&:ba-wyet' at '2(00) who found that, using biofertiliz~rs incr~ased,yield and also minimizing the huge amounts of usirig('tlle chemicalfertilizers that is of great need nowadays (EI-Akabawy et al. 2001).

,,/fgypt.J.Appl. Sci;,!8 (6B) 2003 ~J?

AGcordin~ly,the prese~twork wasf;qnqvcted to,stuc:lythe effect ofbahinced fertilization needs to optimis groundnut yield. Second;la r~duce," " ",-" ,

,the using of the chemical fertjJizers by using ~jofertHizers~: ,', ",' ,,", '" " , ..' .. '" . ,," " , - . ,d ,'-,

MATERiALS ANb METHODS""": ~ ,;.;, .;'V',~," " '., ' ,.,; ,';, ,",- [:

I. Balanced nutrition exp~riment.., ,",: ~:. -"':,' ..,J", h" ." -, ", '", !

:;" A field experiment\f,AA,conductedjn~~Jbac~ .r~giQn;:(~l;:~h.ar~~gov,ernorate) 4uring the growing seaso119f 1999 using,gro1.W-dnl1~{4.~fi?ii\'

hywgaeaL.) variety Giza 5..The used area \Y~ ()nefed4~~j;v,i9~9.,~9-,~t?'strips(treatments). All the treatments received dressing ~P,~~L;pfphosphorus as superphosphate 15.5%.~205 a~ ~l1,era~~".9.f7J;:~kgir~qifed. before sowing."Also all seeds UIld.~~"all tr~-~~e.l.1:~swef{~inqculat~~witb:specific rhizobia (Badyrhizobi~Tfl Jap01;ziql!'f1),tb-enil1}Ulediately-they were sown. ;.';, '" ',', I ,~~, ,:the treatments were as follows:

1. 15kg NI fed. (the control)., .:2. 15kg N/fed. + 24kg I\~O/fed. .:,' ," '< ,

3. 15kg,N/fed, + 24kg K2O/feg;+ foliar spr~y (Fe+Mn+Zn).4. 30kg N/fed.." , ""

5. 30kgN/fed.+ 24kgK20/fed. ," ' ; ,,' .-

6. 30kg N/fed. + 24kg Kf9/fe~:,!+ foliar,$pray (I:e+¥l1+Z~)Soil surface (O-30cm) samples were takenJrom t,be exp.eriIl1:en~~1fieldbefore sowing to determine some chemical ",properties, accordi~g:,tp, " . ""'",,, ,', , " ,. "e""

Jackson (1973) as shown inTable (1). , ' " ,', ," ,- ,c,,,';'. '" ,',. ,-, ',,,,,,' , . ,,", ., ","," ..'. ,".. ,

Table (1): Some ch~...ical p,r~perties o(,~~, ~rim~Q.~~t~9jJ~~es~.. ,:""

G ' ' , " ... "El SL" k" ,,,:, :". ,EJo:-WadieJ.

"ovemorate-,.I.. ',' "~", ".""- l1ar 1a,",' ,,,,,', ,,-',"', ' "

" ';.,,' "": (", . " gadeed. .' u "" " "Abou-

PropertIes I LocatIon ';;,Belba(:e"<~3''''; Ft'''''..,;,d I';,H-Dak~a;'

',' '" amma

'PH (1-2.5)' ",./ j,;( 7.5' " '7':'4" m,- '8.76

.Or anic matter % 1.00 1.10 3.22Availabl~ N (m k -) 11.8* 10.9* 15.0*Available P(m k-) 7.10** 5.50** 4.42**

'Avaihible K (m k -) 235** 240**"<' 135**AvaiI'able Fe (m(l' k - ) 10.40* 9.20* ' ,,' ;}'2'.l8*"Available Mn (m k ') '3.10***'2.40***';'S!8?h*Available Zn (m k - 0:80*** 0.90*** 0.76"'**

* Low ** Poor *** Deficient For N : Serry end.; (1970).A'i

" '",,:

~,

-iI " .' "1>'

,-c

818 Egypt;J~A.ppl. Sei; 18 (6B) 2003., ' , ,': >,'

: For P and 1<.: Mahmoud et at (1995). For micronutrients : EI-Y~uly (1'983). ," <'); :';'" ',.,'

Seed yield of gr~Undmit,was measured as ardab (75kg)/feddan. The,seeds were subjected to some chemical analyses; seed: oil and total Naccording to the A.O.A.C. (1990).

P was determined according to Jackson (1973). K was estimatedby FlamePhdtometer according to Chapman and Pratt (1961).Micronutrients were determined using the Atomic AbsorptionSpectrop'hotometer. Thtfgroimdnut peels were analyzed to determinedminerals. ~. . , .

It Thebiofertilizerexperiments:- ,

11-1. A fidd' trial was conducted in Abo-Hammad (EI-Sharkia'goveniorate) during the 2000 season, followed with the samedesign of the previous experiment. However, the treatments were:as the follows:-1. 15kg N / fed. (control).2. 15kg N / fed. + 24kg K20 i fed.3. .t'5kg N Y fea. + 24kg K20 / fed. + the biofertilizer.4. 30kgN.5. 30kg N + 24kg K20 / fed.6. 30kg N + 24kg K20 / fed. + the biofertilizer. '

Dresing dose of P was added 22.5kg P20S/ fed. The seeds of alltreatments were inoculated with the specific rhizobia. The seeds oftreatments 3 & 6 were inoculated with row phosphate dissolving bacteria( B. megatheri1!m)before sowing. At harvest the yield was determined asardab/ feddan and the seeds were subjected to some chemical analysis;protein, oil, NPK and Fe, Mn, Zn coneentrations. The soil and the peelswerealso analizedas previouslymentioned. '

11-2.The~econd experiment was carried out during 2001 season in fiveloeations; Kome hamada (Behaira govemorate), EI-Anaber(Ak~xandria goverporate), Belbace and Fakouce (EI-Sharkiagovemorate) and EI-Dakhla (El Wady EI-Gedeed govemorate).Each experiment area was one feddan that was divided to 8 strips(treatinents). All treatmentswere recieved; 30kg N, 22.5kg P20sand inoculated with the specific'rhizobia.The treatments were as the follows: -1. NP (control)2. NPK3. NP + (Fe+Mn+Zn)

..

",,'

Egypt.J.AppL Sdj 18 (6/i)2003 819

4. NPK + (Fe+Mn+Zn)5. NP +biofertilizer6. NPK + biofertilizer7. NP + (Fe+Mn+Zn)~. NPK + biofe,rtilizer+ (Fe+Mn+Zn)The biofertilizer used in these experiments was aCQmposite

contains ( Risobium leguminozarum fichia) as Nz-fixing bacteria forlegumes and cereals. Micronutrient were used as foliar sprays whichcompounded with Fe+Mn+Zn as the concentration of O.2gn11Lofeachchelate element. The concentration of the chelated elements was (13%).Two sprays were used during the first month of sowing, the second aftera month later.At harvest the seed 'yield was detennined as ardab/feddanand the seeds were subjected to some chemical analyses; oil, protein andcarbohydrate as well as N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations. '

The-obtained data of the last experiment was exposed to,the properstatistical-analysis of variance according to Snedecor and Cochran(1980).

.",

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION" ' .'"

The balanced fe.-tllization: experiment.. Crop production: ' '

Data presented in Table (2) indicJite,s that the response ofgroundnut to increasing N rate from 15 to 30kglfed.was relatively low inthis experiment. This may be duetd the'inoe:uIation of the seeds withRhisobium which isofgreat benefit in increasing Nz from air..TJiis wascoincided with the finding'or Sahrawat et al. (1988) and Elsheikh et al.(2001). .', ,

The respoJis~of K was clear; it increas~ the yield by 23% over thecontrol when it 'was used as 15kg N/fed. While It,increases theyi~ld 28%when it '¥as used as 30kgN/fed. The same findings were obtained byKeerati et al. (1987) and Inanaga et al.(1990). Also IFC (2002)recorded that in India potashapplication'to groundnut" in Gujarat,increased the pod yield and the quality.

Groundnut responded positively to micronutrients it was recordedas 26%increase in yield when it was used wIth the treatnient (15kgN and24kg KzO); while the increase was 36% with the treatment (30kgN and24kgKzO). Monged et al. (1986) and Ratanarat (1987) recorded thatthere was a goo~; ~~sponse of groundnut to Fe.and Mn ( Park~,::, eta1.1988) and to Zn (Gupta and PotaliaI987).

I.

': ~.::' -: \ ; \., ~"" . .:: T':,,;; ~~,~~,~:- z~ '~

Tabl.e-t%).§rQundnut seed'yield as well as concentration of oil, prptein and nutrients concentration in seed:' ::?;":a~d peel as affecte.d by'.differen~ tr~atments in Belbac~'location ( Sbar~a'governorate) during. .., , " .

" ,the season of 1~9..~'

I TreatmentI

(%)Yi'eldarqa~.

I

Jnc"1(f~d::;: rea Oil I Protein

sc:

~

"" ..'

! Kaffelfdan

N k'* (fe+Mn+~ri)*. ,'O- ,.,..' '.,

11.73 -, 45.2';'1 2'8.lj" r4.50B. ::-- ", -<~' ";. " . 0' I~'..r

1$"24~"':~ .':: -~::1

"2i84' llh-""

45.8:! 2~.d~1~~.16.. '. <.Y. ",

..

1524.~ ,..+-;~!; .: 2':i.39" '26': 47.1,' 3S)3,1~.62, ':~. .::; '.' .

" C:'" '" "," ,:" ~ ";

'

"

; -~. ~ ~ 18:24, 3:; 44.6i~ 26.25 4.20-. I:' ,:;. , ': ;,;:. '

28 r44.8 i5:8~;:1;,4.1,4'; C . "", 22,~8', :: I..:;

30 24"; + 24.07 36:.1 46.91 D.OQ 1,5.28

'sced

"

Mactonutrie~t (:%)

N

"

2.10 0.46

Micronutrient (ppm)

Mn Znp K Fe:;:: .;

peet"liseed -:-Ipeel1;0~~d:::I

peel I::~'. "I, r:... '.'P. s.

" . .. ,', " ".., "

0.13'1 '0.90 :,'_2~00:; ~,49 ':14.8> '17 rlO 124128, '.. '. c~ " ". \", .'~; :f:

0.1fi; I ~:'O,~~'i: Z:;tb.~. 1~.4:; ~t5.~ ~L~'14 I 24 I 42"' ' , , .' ~"'" , ,',

'. ""'" '.. ...,

0.20 I . :"1.26r 2.10 'H6P.i~ :j6.~: ;ij ~15 ~4 5~. ":-: "."'~ " '", ; ~ ..~ ..

0.1~'I::().8& '/ " 1.60 J:, 67.8' :oi:~.6'~f6 :,lj> ~2 :1 3~:, " - ' .. :::;: ;'. .""

0.10 I:0.88 -I 1.80 Ijl 030fJ~i..78.8 14.4 17

0.06, 18.0' I '.19 16 I 32 I '420.~4 1.20 96.8.. ..

*K=K20' ** (1Fe+l Mn+1Zn)were u~edas sprays (O.2gm/L.)ofeachchelat~.All the treatments fertilized with 22.5.kg/fed. P20S before sowing,~and the seeds were inoculatedwith(B~r~yr~izobiumjaponicum).'

~" '.' '..

'eo.w'~

P.

i~

~'t:r:--..t;;o~-;-~Qc-~~::~.~~

30 .,

30 24:., "

E2,1 0.:3-

2.68 0:41

2.14' 0.§6" ..

2.00 0.46

2.00 0.43

Egypt.J.Appl. Sei; 18 (6B) 2003 821

In general, the best yield increase (36%) was recorded under thetreatment of30kg N+24kg K20+ 2 Sprays with(Fe+Mn+Zn) compound;taking into consideration the groundnut was fertilized with 22.5kg P20Sand inoculated with Rhisobium before sowing as a dressing treatments.This explains the beneficial of using balanced fertilization which wasconfirmed by El-Aggory et al. (2001) and EI-Akabawy et al. (2001). ~. Chemical constituents: ~'

Concerning mineral concentration in seeds the data in T~ple (2)show that the treatments received micronutrients recorded higher NconcentnJ,tioD;th~ the other treatments. This indicate the beneficial effectof the spraying With micronutrient (Mortvedt et at 1972). Sjmilarfindings were also confirmed by Monged ~t al. (1986). From tQ.e$une. .' "table It can be notIced that the treatment (15kg N + 24kg K:zO +micronutrients) recorded higher concentration of P, K, Fe, and Mn.Similar results were fouridby EI-Fouly and Fawzi (1996) and Moussa(2000). Concerning the mineral concentration in th~ groundnut p~els, noobvious differences could be noticed betwee;::nihe;::trefltWents. ."

A ;slight increase was found in seed oil ,cQncentration, tI,()ingmicronutrients, however the protein was. increaSed with the sametreatments. Similar results were found by ~Oden and Alien (1982) aswell as Shaviv agd Hagin (1987). ' , .

11. 1 The first biofertilizer experiment:. Crop production: ,

Table (3) indicate that, increasing N applicatiqn rate froJ.'J?'l?, to 30kg! fed. recorded 30% increase in yield. Moussa (2000) found a ,similarresult. Also it can be noticed that K applicatio~iricreaSed the yield ~O%and 29% when N was added at levels' of 3(J kg N and 15kg NI fed.respectively. The same result was obtai~ed,by,E:Weidaet al. (1979):

The best treatments which gave" the...highest yield were thetreatments treated with the biofertilizer (B.1!Jttgatherium}.,:a towphosphate dissolving bacteria, beside the N and K treatments; Theincrease in seed yield was 83% over the control when 30 kg N was'addedand 70% at addition rate of 15 kg N. These results coincided witb. thosefound by Abd El-Rasoul et al. (2002) who stated thatph~sphatedissolving organisms application to. groundnut significantly incre,~edseed yield. <

. Chemical constituents:

Increasing N addition rate increased N; P, Fe , Mn; an oppositetrend was observed for Zn. Similar results was found by Moussa (2000).

:.':, \,~ ',," ". ': ::. ", ;.', ','~C:;F' V,?' y' '~::~~,,!- '~~ f.L~: ):-' :2'~:~~ .::: '

'::Table (3): Grou~dnut seed yield as well as concentration of ,)iI"protein;aritI iiutrientsconcentrafionin,~ .. '" . . " """," ,', "'.

;:; seed ai\d peel as affected by different treatments JlnAb&u~fIammaa IQcatiob ( Sharwaf, goverrior~ite) dtiringthe season of 2000. ':i .,' '-': t.:' .. ;',

, t.

."

: :.:~;'~ ;:~ .."'-,'

(%) ~acronutrierits (%,)":~, /! Micronutrients (Pp~) :.Treatment Yield '.," '. '.' ' ,

.:\ ardab ,Ine Nip".: K:' ,~,., Fe Mn .Zn.. Ifeddan . ," "'. , ' '

rea 011 Protem " , ,. ,., .. .,. .Kg/Feddan se' .,' ., ,", ':seed peel seed peel seed ,peel seed peel s, ' p. s, p,N K* biofertil izeru . ,

.. "

IS - - 12.63 - 46.6 32.25 5.16 2.00 0.36 0.12 0.80 0,92 61.2 17.4 ut 13 36 24,.. "

IS 24 - 17.63 40' 49.4 32.0tJ 5.12 1.22,0040 0.06 0.80 0.58 145.0 21.2 30 15' 42 32.. ~ ~

, ..

'15 24+ 21.44 70 51.0 33.00 5.28 D8 0.49 0.06 0.86 0.60 165.2 22.2 29 19' 48 38

30 .' - 16.39 30 49.2 43.25 6.92 2.00 0.86 0.12 0.70 0.84 IlIA 13.8 28 13 26 26;,. .;;

30 ... 24 - 20.08 59 4904 31.25 5.00 1.60 0.60 0.08 0.66 0.64 ;159.2: l:vd', 31 29 46 32") .;. . '"

,~

30 24 + '" 23.09 83 50.8 35.75 5.72 1.28 0.51 0.06 0.66 0.60 159.6 36.4' 37 31 48 42"

,,', ".

" *K =:K20 **the biofertilizer:= ( R.megatherium) row phosphate dissotving bacteria.',; ;~:

',All the"freatments.deitilized !yith :21.5 .kg/fed. P20S before sowing,:fand the§eeds '.were;: (Bardyrhizobiumjaponicum).' ) , :,.. ~:: ." '" ' ". "

inoculated with..

'-....

~

, "

-00N

~

~

~;No

~~

~~......~'

.~"'.'".

.".

IooOoj00-~"-:"N~~

E1IYpt.,f,.Appl. Sci; ;1:~i~!:1.Xtf)fJ3 823

Concerning K application, it is obvious that K increased Fe,Mn and Znconcentrationsunderthe bothN additionrates., .~ , .

P was increased more under theJow.er 1'f'additiori'rate, however Nand K were not affected.. Addition" 'of "bi9.{t<rtilizer.(B..megatherium)increased P, Fe, Mn and Zn~however N and k wete less,aff~cted. SiitUlartrend was found by Gaskin~ et at. (1985) wljo !lotice~ :that bacterialinoculation can be highly be~fici~ even whenN fixation is~noiaffeqt'ed.

Discussing the mineratroncentration in the4Jee,lsit was: foun<tthatN, P and K were the highest under both N addition ~ate$~An oPRositetrend was found.with the micronutrients. No obvious ef'fect,ofusing:K orbiofertilizer on peel minerals wasobservecL .,', ' "c;:

Oil concentration in seeds. was afftrcted slightJ.ywith increasing Nor K: while inoculation with the ~biofertil~zer~ncre~ed the."oilconcentration with 9% over the control: valur,' Cbnceqling proteinconcentration in seeds the highest value was recorded underJpe highjateof N addition as a result of jncre~ing N % in'the seeds, :irrespective ofusing K or the biofertilizer. Ei-Gaiiad (1997) stated (bat N, appiicationincreased N-uptake in peanut seeds and husks. Omranet alJ (1998) fameto the same conclusiQn. ,,' ~:.11.2. The ,se~ond biofertilizer experiment. .

. Crop production: . ."",

Dressing treatments (30kg 1'1+ 22.5kg P2Q5: +:~seedinoculationwith the biofertilizer (Bardyrhizobium japonicUlr£)/'wete:used. Data intable (4) shows the effect of K-application, micronutrients (Fe+ MIi+Zn)sprays and the biofertilizer (Risobium leguminozarum .ficia)...It.was foundthat the best treatment which recorded the, highest and, signit1cantincrease was the treatment of NPK+. micronutrient. sprays + theinoculation 'Yith the biofertilizer, it gave 25.72% more than-the co~trol.As the previous treatment without the biofertilizer the incre~e in yieldwas also sigtllficant being 20.57% over the controL.:-- ;

Appli~.~tion of K increased significantly the yield eithe~ :.Whenadded with micronutrients or with the biofeitilize. However the yield,waslower than under the above treatment. Under the treatment of biofertilizer

combined with the dressing treatments, a slight increase in yiel4: wasobserved. These results are coincided withi those foubd in the previousexperiments and was similar to that obtained by KhalafaUa et al. (1984)and Awatiger et al. (1997). '

As for the locations data in table 4 show .the,highest seed.,yield(23.52 ardab/feddcin) was recorded 'af Belbace foHvwed by Kome-

il'

,,:,

"..

:, '. ", ,: ""~' ",~'

Table (4)' Effect ofdifferentfertilizationtreatments on the seed yield o£groundnut Atdifferent locations durin(

'2001 ~ason. ,',' . ',. " , ':,; '1 ~-, ,'"

Treatment Govemorate / Location Alexandria

N K20 (Fe+Mn+Zn)*Biofertjtize~.* EI-Anaber

30 - - - 8.6030 24 - 9.50-

30 - 8.10

9.00

+-

30 24 + ,

30 - + 8.80-

30 24 , + 10.00

30 + + 9.30

10.40

-

30 24 + +

Means of location 9.21

EI-Behaira

Kom-Hamada

13.60

19.33

17.86

21.33

15.46

16.53

14.40

20.26

17.35**

EI-Sharkia El-Wadi', EI-Gedid Meansof ,:,1Increase

F~kouse EI~t>akhala' trci~eii~::lin ~eld,'.. " '~: ;:::',

EI-Sharkia

Belbace," '?

, 21.55"

22:69

14.73

~"24-48 15.30

16:0324.48

22.89 15.08

15.8824.03

21.76 15.08

26.09 17.42

23.52** 15.63**

(lFe+lMn+lZn) were used as sprays (O.2gill/L.)ofeach chelate.the biofertilizer: Rizobium legnozarumfichia as N2-fixing bacteria.All the treatments fertilized with 22.5 kg/fed. P205 before sowing, and(Bardyrhizobiumjaponicum).

*. **

9.98

10.11 15.47*:.

, 13.69' :,I :,. -.::

13.01

11.17

11.70

15.38*~" 12.34'.,

16.51 ** "I 20.57

6.4110.62 14.57

10.96 15.48*

11.14 14.34

11.90 17.21**

10.95**

.13~06":,

4,70

25:72.:::-1"

-

the seeds, were inoculated with",

"

,

~,Qc

;/N~:;:oI:i..

g~:'"~,~:g,...

~"".'".~,QC~~~

~

.'

Egypt.J.Appl. Sei; 18' (6B) 2003:'

825'. . ,.' .'~" .:

t

Table (5) :Concentrations and contents of NPK .in the seeds of. groundnut grown at El-Wadi EI-Gedid. as affected bydifferent treatmentS. .' .

.,

K* : K20 Mic.** : micronupients {Fe+M~+Znt!<?li~~r:iYs.Bio.***: the biofertilizer-Rtiooium legnozarumfichia.All the treatments fertilized. With 22.5Rg:'P20fbefore sowing and !he

seeds were inoculated with Bardyrhizobium}aponicum. .', ",', "

,',;', "

. ,~ "', .'

'.'

,,' N-,

P KTreatment : 11 - ' i,

'. . " .,

concentra content eoncentra content'.'

concentratieD Kg/Fed tien g/Fed. .- ,tien.._.

contentN K. Mic... Bie.... %'

"

'% % 0 KgtFed. ,, ,.

30 .. .. .. 4.45 33.31 0.32 ,2.40 1.03, .7.69,-

1,.

30 24 .. .. 4.05 30.71 0.33 2.47 0.97 7.32,. .. 0 ,om ..' ..""

30 .. + .. 4.25 35.60 '0.30 2.51 0.98 8.19

30 + + - 4.25 37.29 0.41 2.(j3 0.96 8.44

0"

30 .. .. + 4.40 35.05 0.34 2.69 0.93 7.41

30 24 - + 4.25 34;94 0.40 3'.30' 1:01' 8.32

30 .. ,+ + 4.05 33.84 0.44 .. . 3.63. ,,,. {).96., 8.M '.'

:. ..""

30 24 + + 4,55 40.60 0.48 4.30 L08 9.64.... " .. .. ,.... ,. .""

~~~, EKlpt.].AppL Sci: 18.(6B) 2.?~3

'Jf1bl~~.(~)~:~j£~n~e~~J:'lltionsand'contents. of Fe, Mn, and Zn in th~--;."s~~d~.. of..groundnut .grown 'at El-Wadi E~..Gedid as

.. "frected bv different treatment '.

I

. . ".

K* : K20 Mic. ** : micromitrientS(Fe+Mn+Zn) foHar sprays.Bio.***: the biofertili~«?rR,izobium legnozarumjichia.All the treatments fertilized with 22.5kg P205 before sowing and

the seeds were inoculated with Bardyrhizohium japonicum.

... Iron Manganese Zinc' Treatment Fe -Mn Zn!

concentr.. concentr concentr. .

atiofi'"'i:Ontent--

" ationcontent

ationcontent

N K* Mic". Bio:*:** :::% : r9'd; %ed. % IWFeq.

" .,..,. . .;.d

... . "''''''-'' ,--.' .... ..

30 - - - 114 85329" 14 . 10.479 35 26.198

.. --30 24 - - 68 51.561 14 10.616 21 15.923

.. ..'1'.

76.235 27 22.61930 - + - 91 10 8.378

30 + + - 62 54.405 10 8.775 26 22.815.-

,30 - - + 85 "6?:7CJ3" 10 7.965 27. 2 1.506

.' ,.'

30 24 - + 86 70.692, 11 9.042 27 22.194 .

. . ... .-. ... .. .. ...

30 - + + ,128 106;944 . 8 6.684 25 20.888

30 24 + + :..212 , 1921O Ji' 9.818 65 58.013

.. ' ,,'. ' ". ..

EBpt.J~,~ppl. Sci; 18 (6B) .2.003 82/J<.f~

Table (1.)~Conc'entrations and contents of protein, carb~hydhlttdH"d';~J:i:';t').oil in the seeds of 'groundnut grown at El-Wadi EI-Gedid'

d) ::,.1\:;;.:as affected by different treatments..,' '..;

'., f':;

,'. ,.< ..

,.. Tre~ttn~nt " Protein.. ", . ,.. .,,:,. : " liT"'!'] , . '

Carbohydrate .Oil.' -".,'

.' ,,;,,;~ ,;'.: '".!<Q{\cep,t '" 'd""; concent con.cent;"",..:;!., ,.r

. '.' -:. . 'C(jn~ent .." . content, , conttnL" t,~ , F '. . , .. ration' ~tion ..,;;',jration: " ":''''..,N 'KIe Mi "* 'Ri *** ,,' />}' Kg(Fed., i' Kg/Fed..J, !<-g/F~d.

.

IJ:

.;"; J:!. o. ,.,. ;!}II"" '<:~'% ," "0..11'r,';

30' -27.813 12O'8.18'oj'8.642 ;~1'T1~.~?i:r..;4io1,iHf,.~~'~;:

30' 24 25.313 11.91.936

.;1-"" '., ;

, 3~6.81";,-

/'; . , n,30' - +

30'3 ;I;

30' - ,.;

30'- +

J I..,

30' 24

3Q2.4 i+ W .,',:t .' ,l.28;,H~.,Pp3J«)91'1l.272 100'.60'

K* : K20 Mic.** : micronutrients(Fe+Mn+Zn) foliar sprays.Bio."'*"': the bioi~i1~liief'Ri~b~,~ml~gnozarumfichia.' " ..'

All the treatments fertilize'd With22:5kg1>205before sowing iilii.:ttheseeds were inqcu1~tedwithB.wdyrhi~obiumjaponicum.

"-;'" ,.° .,' {O,; ,:' :' ...';' . "' ,;,;. " .'. '

40'.3;1:.359.68

~..., ,'"

I"~) 'k;} ';--',',;;~> ,;-: 'L:'" ""';'"

,, , t., .:, .,,:.1;..: '...' :;~...

,,>!,

;--

222.5321 12.540 'I 105.051 39.0' I 326)2' 26.563'

26.563 233.0'90 12,1'22 110.04:"I 43.4 r 342.23.

+ I 27.50'0' 219.038 11.768

9373J- 434

I 345.68

+ I 26.56] I21!U4R I R6<)(\ I 71.4839-I) 326.33

120'.0'7 38.8 I 324.17

82[!" Egypt.J.Appl. S:ci;18 (6B) 2003

Hamada (17.35 ar./ fed.), Facouse,(15.63 ar./ fed.) EI-Dakhala 10.95 arJfed.) The lower yield (9.21 ar.l fed.). was at EI-Anaber whichsignificantly differed from all the locations. Such variation could be dueto the environmental conditions or to the soil fertility. EI-Aggory et aI.(2001) came to the same conclusion.. Chemical constituents:

Data in tables (5&6) shows the concentration and content of macroand micronutrients of seeds. The highest levels of N, P, K, Fe and Znwere observed under the treatment of NPK + (Fe+Mn+Zn) + thebiofertiltzer. Similar trend was observed for oil and proteinconcenIDitionas well as content. However, the highest concentration andcontent of carbohydrate was observed under the treatment of NP+micronutients + the biofertilizer.. Concerning the best effect of the treatments on yield quantity

and quality it can be concluded that:' '1. The best N rate was 30kgN/ fed.? A nnl 1' l' at;n n Of ')<:11...0-K-O' C~r1 n,,,,,,, +1.0 gro,,"o"'i--. ~~t't'~ - ~A"" A ... ''''0 A k ,H"u " LU,,", "",UL,,",,n.

3. Spraying with micronutrinties (Fe+ Mn+ Zn) gave po~itiveeffect.

4. Inoculation of the seeds with biofertilizers gave great benefit,specially the row phosphate dissolving bacteria(B.megatherium) in addetion to the specific bacteria ofgroundnut (Bardyrhizobium japonicum ).

5. The combination of the previous treatments gave the bestresults.

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.'

.\ , t\ . t .~t\ ..I .' .. , J ' .. " ~t .:i.:.!,..tt ' I_"! .~ J.." u.:J-' u'+' oJ.~.J ~ oJ.":!J'-..,.-.tJ'\~:;)""P"~,\1"

C.;&i1\.Jii~ ~ ' ~ ¥' ~ J.ai , ~ ~ ~, ~~~.~~:,

- ~I." .y.JI."~Ij'il ~~ ~ - u4ll1 :i.,1)"U~~ ~.yw::>A--- D~ - ~I Jj11~ MI y. JA

, '\ .-:11 '"b ~I ~ 1 ~I 4.J .- -:11~I ~ ~ b:'J, ,

. I . ~', 'I ~

,.. U1 I

u.J"".J:!-I .J IS".J .fiW" ... . ,J. . iY' '--".~, ."..»

01w ~L o ~ ,4\4\4\~.JA Jj.:.. (~~I.W6.G) ~ ~ ~I ~.J ~~I

u/~ r. -' J 0 ~-,.J--¥110-- ~.A4 ~ r~i u)L.\- i ~J ~ (",t,: ..)i {j t ~. + CJLS~I ~u.J4 ';.)1 .J w/IT~ ~y t .J ,j-a i"~\:i~ ~~.J

~ ~ ~}JI ~.)I.~ ~ ~I o~WI0-'"(~0-'" y¥~.,Y j#.~~.J

,~~2 <...¥~f!l.4ppl~..~ci;J8 (6B>'/~OO3t '- .:S ' , ,", ..', " , ',' , " ' ", ,,',

J~ L ,WI wA4 ~ ~I .J ~ . ~ \A.&J~Ci11 ~'jll, ,', : ' " . ..~' ," ',..J. ~ 'c,; {':A ~ .' -} ~".J

~'~J~ ("f~ j';.j. , °l',~tL;;"i,y~~-, (Badjrh~zobiumjaponicum ) ~1~y.J1{ ,",,' 'jr' . ".:.,.. ''-, :", ',.."

,.','-"":~:,':",:,' '" ""'f' "" :'/"'" ; ,...~\.\;,II..).'iiU/__('I'Y.O,c" " ,( , , : ".. """"~ '""',>,, ""', ' ".JJf, ~ 1~

.-:>j!r),v.j~tJ~1 ~~ii14j ~i,~ ~l ~I ~\a..J1 J..,Ai\'.:;'~-' ~-'

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, ~~'. c;.~1 + 1'(.w"~h + w ~, 0) ~t...J1 -'(1'(~ ~~ t + W ~Y'. )" ".~I~\ ~ -.f.Y,-,./.'I'A ~ ~.;i.J1WCJ~I ~o~4)\;~~ (~~I

:.;~)->--¥:~ ~,~~\ ~I rl~1 .J!.Ib.6 Iy1 ~\$:-~\:i}I~~~1

~J ~) wl~~L ~ ~i ~ ~~-' ~}il ~~I ~ ~ W;r-,:!-",\:i~~~-'::"Y ..:;II';)l~ ~''I''~.. ~YI, ~ (~~\ UaS6...)~~~i ~ (~t-,,i j , ':., .~\..J\ '~~--:II . \..oS - ~ ~I'~II ,L~...:.<.II ...;;;\";11 ~I.i....;1\. .~ ~. ~ ,.JJ' ~ ~~ <...~ -' ~ .Y"

.{~ (~~I ~t~/I'( ~ ~'I't+ ujw ~Y'. ) ~\-11 J..,Aii~~

-I(;j~ ';- ..:;11u:'.wJ.i...1Iwc .I.AY' ~I.J=8'J~I ~ o~4j' ~ jJ."t...J\

. ~ .JJ¥i ~'~'(B:.. megatherium) rWI .J~.,i1f~~~~'j\S5 r~1

:<. r ., ' ' . ~I jllHJ . /:: " ". " .J

'o~~j ((,$~I ~I+ u/l'(~ ~'I't + u/w ~'o) ~t...JI ~ .!l!~

,(ufIU~ ~~n + u/w ~r.: )~k,;;JI~ .~U:i..J1iJC-.I.V, ~1.J=8'J~I ~',,,: ..I.o'i \A~o~4j uki

,~ Lil . i ~ -;11 ~I ~ .- -:1\u..di ~\..J\ u b:i1L i~L:. - I., ':-- YI ~ ~-, ,': 'F" -' " .~ ~ . ..J.. y ,

;1J i ~L ,...i I ~ Wls ~. '~t-.w .t~ uW..;.1 ,., '--.1 d" ,(- ~ - \<.J .., "6f'-' ..JYI. U I.r-" .J ~ ...J...r- ~

~ W Jjt-I.$A\ &11 -' ~.J,; i11~\ Up. 0-- ~1.Jjl\ J:d ~t...JI ~~-'

Ri isobium leguminozarum ) " r'';'-; 'nAIl I.,?~\ ~\.-JI .~-'~\~~\ ~: ' ' .(fichia

';- ,..-;11+( jh~~+ d + u/l'(.J-1~'I't + u/w ~r:,,) jJ."t- ~'Yi~

wUL.t...J\~ ( j+ 0--+ d + ujl.'l.J-1~'I' t + u/w ~Y' .) ~t- 4:J:i(I.,?~\

.1.'1'',oy -' ./.'I'o,V'I' ~y11 ~ \:ij~-,~L.-J o~~ J~' ~H~yj ~l~.{\

r::-- jJ."t...J1~ ) .biS~ -,.,;¥1\{':Ar-,:!-",\:i~ ~~ ~I ~l J1.!l!~ulJ11.-:11 t~ ~\.S WL.-I o~' o~Ljl \ Uj~ ..- 1\ ~I J .~ -11 LW\

I.F"", cs- -' ~ , YI - -' ~~ ~ . {':A-' lS~ JW"

, ../. ,0, t A \: I.,0, Y'A , .f. ' 0 , t V. ,: ''

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. U/~) 'l'Y',o'l'-' '\,Y' ~ WI~1'..c;,':':.,.

;: ",

Egypt.J.Appl. Sei; 18 (6B) 2003 833

~ ~I"'p'-i~ (~I ~,)I.,,11Ua!l:-) ~1')}\ ~ 0-- .J~ ~ U,).J-' ~-'\j - .11~~I . ~.l:.. ~ .0,) -- 11 I~ ~t...J1 ob ~ ._.1 L "I~ .t.uW!1 ~Ir~ ~ ,u. -' -' ~ ~ ..»J J-" ~ ~ ~ ~

..> u.J10-- .J-,41 r..S.Ix:--' j#. y u.a ~.J:!~ ~I ~I -" r..S~' .;-u.J1 -,t

0-- r..S~I-, j#. yll wc Loi.(y 0A' d r..S ~I .;-u.J1 -' (~ ' ."s, w) r..S..>PJ1l-lu J I~t uh "'I ~t...J, ~ Uj\S ..:'1 I~i.l:.. ~ . ~ ..11 ~ ".11~. ~~ . ~ .~ ~ ~ .-' ~-'~ -' v

.( j+ 0--+d +~~ ~+ ujw~'(.) ~la.. ~ ~I Uj\S ~1~~ft11

B... ~tL "i11y;!i J1~~I ,)L JI J\-L 1wi4J 0)":;''1'~ \-

(.megatherium)

Ri isobium leguminozarum ) ~~1 ,)L JI r1~' 0-- ~i w\S

Ba adyrhizobium ) ~b."..J1J.Ji14~WI 4~ ~~I &t11 ~L:.:.'i4(fichia

. ~I ~ ~ (japonicum