oisd-gdn-232

Draft 3

OISD- GDN- 232

First Edition

For Restricted Circulation Only

Identification of Hazards and Control Measures in E&P Industry

OISD – GDN – 232

First Edition, September 2011

Prepared by

FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEE ON GUIDELINES FOR „IDENTIFICATION OF

HAZARDS AND CONTROL MEASURES IN E&P INDUSTRY‟

OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE

8th Floor, "OIDB Bhavan"

Plot No. 2, Sector-73

Noida-201301

Note

OISD (Oil Industry Safety Directorate) publications are prepared for use in the Oil and Gas Industry

under Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas. These are the property of Ministry of Petroleum & Natural

Gas and shall not be reproduced or copied and loaned or exhibited to others without written consent

from OISD.

Though every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in

the document, OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage

resulting from their use.

The document is intended to supplement rather than replace the prevailing statutory requirements.

________________________________________________________________________________

(ii)

Foreword

The Oil Industry in India is more than 100 years old. Because of various collaboration agreements, a

variety of international codes, standards and practices have been in vogue. Standardisation in design

philosophies and operation and maintenance practices at a national level was hardly in existence.

This coupled with feed back from some serious accidents that occurred in the recent past in India and

abroad, emphasised the need for the industry to review the existing state- of- the-art in designing,

operating and maintaining oil and gas installations.

With this in view, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas in 1986 constituted a Safety Council

assisted by the Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) staffed from within the industry, in formulating

and implementing a series of self regulatory measures aimed at removing obsolescence,

standardising and upgrading the existing standards to ensure safe operations. Accordingly, OISD

constituted a number of functional committees of experts nominated from the industry to draw up

standards and guidelines on various subjects.

The present guidelines on “Identifications of Hazards and Control Measures in E&P Industry” have

been prepared by the Functional Committee. The document is based on the accumulated knowledge

and experience of industry members and the national / international codes and practices.

This document will help in adopting a systematic approach for „identification of hazards and control

measures in E&P industry‟. The Guidelines allow the users to choose the relevant provisions and

adapt them in light of their particular circumstances.

Suggestions are invited from the users after it is put into practice to improve the document further.

Suggestions for amendments to this document should be addressed to:

The Coordinator

Functional Committee on

“Guidelines for Identification of Hazards and Control Measures in E&P Industry”,

Oil Industry Safety Directorate,

8thFloor, OIDB Bhavan,

Plot No. 2, Sector-73,

Noida - 201301.

____________________________________________________________________________

(iii)

Functional Committee on

“Guidelines for Identification of Hazards and Control Measures in E&P Industry”

________________________________________________________________________

Name Organisation

LEADER

Shri P.S. Sehmi Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited

MEMBERS

Shri A.K. Chakrabarty Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited

Shri D.K. Varshney Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited

Shri D.M. Pradhan Oil India Limited

Shri Pankaj Goswami Oil India Limited

MEMBER CO-ORDINATOR

Shri H.C. Taneja Oil Industry Safety Directorate

In addition to the above, several other experts from Industry contributed in the

preparation, review and finalisation of the Guidelines.

__________________________________________________________________________

(iv)

Guidelines for Identification of Hazards and Control Measures in E&P Industry

Contents

_____________________________________________________________ Section Description Page No. __________________________________________________________________

1.0 Introduction 01 2.0 Scope 01 3.0 Definitions 01 4.0 Statutory Requirements 03 5.0 Process of Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment 03

6.0 Qualitative Risk Assessment 05

6.1 Risk matrix framework 06 6.2 Screening criteria for risk assessment 07 6.3 Risk reduction measures 07 6.4 Job safety analysis 09 6.5 Functional requirements 10

7.0 Generic Checklists of Hazards and Risk Reduction Measures for E&P Industry 11

7.1 Drilling and related operations 11 7.2 Production, processing and related operations 12 7.3 Well servicing and related operations 13

8.0 References 14

Annexures: Annexure-1: Checklist for drilling and related operations 16 Annexure-2: Checklist for production, processing and related

operations 32 Annexure-3: Checklist for well servicing and related operations 48

________________________________________________________________________

(v)

“OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from the use of the OISD

Standards / Guidelines”

OISD-GDN- 232 1

Guidelines for Identification of Hazards and Control Measures in E&P Industry 1.0 Introduction

Hazards associated with operations in E&P industry may lead to incidents due to human factors, equipment failure, procedures failure, planning failure, risk assessment failure and organizational management (control, cooperation, communication, competence, monitoring and review) failure. Risk management is a critical component of safety management system.

This document has been prepared with an objective of providing guidance to the organizations to identify hazards and establish control measures. Organizations can use these guidelines to develop effective control measures for any potential hazard(s), which are location and scenario specific.

2.0 Scope

This document lays down guidelines for identifying hazards and establishing control measures in E&P Industry: in drilling, production, well servicing and related operations; in both on land and offshore, in existing installations, with focus on qualitative risk assessment. This document should also be referred during design stage of new E&P installations.

3.0 Definitions

Barrier

Measure which reduces the probability of realizing a hazard‟s potential for harm and its consequence. Barriers may be physical (materials, protective devices, shields, segregation, etc.) or non-physical (procedures, inspection, training, drills, etc.).

Control of hazards Limiting the extent and/or duration of a hazardous event to prevent escalation.

Hazard

An inherent property of a substance, agent, source of energy or situation having the potential of causing undesirable consequences for human injury, damage to the environment, damage to property or a combination there of.

Hazards / risk register

Document providing a brief, but complete, overview of the identified hazards and the measures necessary to manage them.

Hazard analysis

Identification of individual hazards of a system, determination of the mechanisms by which they could give rise to undesired events, and evaluation of the consequences of these events on health (including public health), environment and property.



OISD-GDN- 232 2

High consequence event

An incident with potential of causing high consequences for human injury, damage to the environment, damage to property or a combination there of. Mitigation

Limitation of the undesirable effects of a particular event

Performance standard

A statement which can be expressed in qualitative or quantitative terms, of the performance required of a system, item of equipment, person or procedure, and which is used as the basis for managing the hazard through the life cycle of the installation

Risk

Combination of the chance that a specified hazardous event will occur and the severity of the consequences of the event

Risk assessment

Overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation against risk acceptance criteria Risk evaluation

Judgement, on the basis of risk analysis, of whether a risk is tolerable

Risk management

Coordinated set of activities and methods used to direct an organization and to control many risks that can affect organisation‟s ability to achieve objectives. Coordinated set of activities and methods are also known as architecture and this architecture includes risk management principles, risk management framework, and risk management process.

Safety management system

The part of an organisation‟s general management system that includes the organisational structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources for determining and implementing an accident prevention policy. The safety management system normally addresses a number of issues including, but not limited to: organisation and personnel; identification and evaluation of hazards and risks; operational control; management of change; planning for emergencies; monitoring performance; audit and review

Screening criteria

Standard used to judge the tolerability of an identified hazard or effect Shall

The word shall is used to indicate that requirements / provisions are mandatory.



OISD-GDN- 232 3

Should

The word should is used to indicate that requirements / provisions are recommended as per sound engineering / good management practice.

4.0 Statutory Requirements

Relevant statutory requirements, as per the following, as amended from time to time, inter alia, are applicable for hazard identification, risk evaluation and establishing control measures in E&P industry: 4.1 The Oil Mines Regulation 1984 (OMR).

4.2 The Petroleum and Natural Gas (Safety in Offshore Operations) Rules,

2008.

4.3 For environment related regulatory requirements refer OISD-RP-201.

Additionally, all statutory requirements notified by the Central Government or States, from time to time, shall be complied with, as applicable.

5.0 Process of Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

Understanding of the concept that hazard has the potential for something undesirable to happen rather than the actual event itself is important for approach to be adopted towards hazard identification and risk assessment. Identification of hazards is based on physical and chemical properties of the material (including fluids) being handled, processing conditions, environmental conditions, arrangements of equipment and operating and maintenance procedures. Risk is evaluated by estimating the likelihood of the hazardous event occurring and the severity of the consequences that might be expected from it. Steps involved are identification of initiating events, identification of possible accident sequences, estimation of probability of occurrence of these accident sequences and assessment of consequences. The effectiveness of a hazards and risk assessment depends on the skills, knowledge and efforts of the personnel undertaking the work. Multi disciplinary team including members from field operations having competence should carry out hazard identification, risk evaluation and establishing control measures. Competence includes skills in the risk assessment techniques and knowledge about the design, operation and maintenance of the facilities under consideration. At every installation appropriate risk management should be established and maintained. For guidance on hazard identification and risk assessment techniques refer section 6.1 of OISD-GDN-227 (2007 edition) and Annexure B of ISO 17776.

Elements of a risk management process as described in ISO 31000 include Establishing the context, Hazard identification, Risk analysis (analysis of potential initiating events, analysis of potential consequences), Risk evaluation (comparing with acceptance criteria), Risk treatment (includes control measures). In addition to these elements of the process, two key functions to be performed continuously throughout the risk management process are: Communication and consultation; and Monitoring and review.



OISD-GDN- 232 4

A framework for risk management, based on ISO 31000 and NORSOK Standard Z-013 is presented below.

Risk Management Process: ISO 31000:2009 / NORSOK Standard Z-013:2010

Risk Assessment

Objective of establishing the context for risk assessment process is to set scope and criteria for the risk assessment process, while ensuring that process is:

Suitable with respect to its intended objectives and purpose.

Appropriate for area of interest e.g. facility, system(s), operations etc.

Suitable for the required and available level of details.

Executed with desired scope and quality.

Includes all activities carried out and all control measures implemented prior to or as a part of the initiating phase of risk assessment process.

Provides sufficient and appropriate inputs for the decision support at the right time.

During defining of scope the following should be considered:

Risk to persons, environment and assets.

The risk acceptance criteria and the objectives of risk assessment process.

Frequency of loosing main safety functions and impairment of barrier functions and / or elements, systems.

Scope should also include identification, assessment and/or establishment of:

Defined situation of hazards and accidents

Dimensioning accident loads

Requirements for barrier functions, systems and/or elements

Risk Assessment

Establishing the Context

Hazard Identification

Analysis of

potential

Consequences

Risk Evaluation /

Establishing Risk Picture

Risk Treatment

Com

mu

nic

ati

on

an

d C

on

sult

ati

on

Mon

itori

ng, re

vie

w a

nd

up

date

Analysis of potential

initiating events



OISD-GDN- 232 5

Operational limitations

Equipment, area, system classification.

Human and organisational factors Methods, models and tools to be used in the process should be suitable with respect to the decisions to be made, keeping in view objective(s) and scope for the assessment.

Boundaries of system to be subjected to risk assessment should be defined and described covering following aspects:

Technical system(s): structures, buildings, layout, process, storage, pipelines, wells, utility, safety, emergency preparedness etc.

Period, phase(s) and activities.

Organisation and the operational system.

Responsibilities for planning and executing risk assessment process should be defined. Relevant concept is „risk owner‟ defined in ISO 31000, as person (or entity) with the accountability and authority to manage the risk. For guidance on hazard identification, analysis of potential initiating events, analysis of potential consequences, establishing the risk picture, risk evaluation, communication and consultation and monitoring and review of risk assessment process refer NORSOK standard Z-013:2010 on „Risk and emergency preparedness assessment.

For detailed checklist of hazards and effects refer Annex D (table D.1) of ISO 17776. Where risk potential is high (high on consequences), it would be desirable to carry out quantitative risk assessment, to decide upon the extent of control measures required.

For guidance on quantitative risk assessment (QRA) during life cycle stages (concept selection phase, concept definition, optimisation and detailed engineering phases, operational phase) refer NORSOK standard Z-013:2010

6.0 Qualitative Risk Assessment

Following a systematic approach for the identification of hazards and the assessment of associated risk is an essential prerequisite for an effective safety management system. The information provided by this systematic hazard identification and assessment of risk, is fundamental for decision making, on the need of introducing risk reduction measures.

Hazard identification should be carried out by using hazard identification methods such as preliminary hazard analysis (PHA), what-if analysis, hazard checklist, hazard and operability study (HAZOP), failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), cause-consequence analysis (CCA) and Human factors (interface between the human operators and the systems they operate) analysis.

Likelihood is the possibility of something happening. Likelihood is based on probability and/or frequency. Probability is number of chances an event may occur to the total number of chances. It is expressed as a number in the range of 0 to 1. Frequency is a rate; how often an event occurs within a stated time period and is defined as the reciprocal of the average time between events, such as 1 per 1000 years. In qualitative risk assessment likelihood of incident is based on qualitative assessment.

The judgement regarding the likelihood of the hazard actually causing harm is more difficult than deciding on the consequence of the hazard. Typical factors affecting the analysis of likelihood are:-



OISD-GDN- 232 6

The number of times the situation occurs

Duration of exposure

Quantity of materials involved

Condition of equipment

Competence of people involved

Environmental conditions

Distractions The other important factors to take into account are the control measures already provided or to be provided. In analysing the likelihood of harm, the risk assessor(s) must take into account the possibility of in place control measures not being implemented due to human error, lack of maintenance, difficulty in compliance, complexity of instructions, etc. It is essential to discover how the task is actually carried out and base the assessment on this, rather than assessing the likelihood on how the task is supposed to be carried out.

In qualitative risk assessment, the risk can be expressed as the direct product of the probability of occurrence and the severity in relative term such as low, medium, high.

6.1. Risk matrix framework (from ISO 17776):

Consequence Increasing probability

Severity

ratin

g

Peo

ple

Assets

Enviro

nm

ent

R

eputa

tion

A

Has

occurred in E&P Industry

B

Has

occurred in the

operating company

C

Occurr

ed several times a year in

the operati

ng compa

ny

D

Occurr

ed several times a year at

the locatio

n

0 Zero injury

Zero damage

Zero effect

Zero Impact

Manage for continued

improvement (Low risk hazards)

1 Slight injury

Slight damage

Slight effect

Slight impact

2 Minor injury

Minor damage

Minor effect

Limited impact

3 Major injury

Local damage

Local effect

Considerable

impact

Incorporate risk reducing measures (Medium risk hazards)

4 Single fatality

Major damage

Major effect

Major national impact

5 Multiple fatalities

Extensive

damage

Massive effect

Major internatio

nal impact

Fail to meet screening criteria (High risk hazards)



OISD-GDN- 232 7

6.2. Screening criteria for risk assessment

Screening criteria for risk assessment should be appropriate for the hazards identified and should reflect best practice as per national or international standards. Diligence should be exercised when screening out low probability / high consequence events. The person(s) carrying out the risk assessment should not become too obsessed with the figures. One of the objectives of the risk assessment is to identify the additional control measures; that need to be implemented and these figures are designed to assist with the prioritisation of such measures. The objective of this process is not to arrive at a certain number but to provide a systematic method of ensuring that consequence and likelihood ratings are analysed carefully. For qualitative assessments: it is possible to use a risk matrix to compare options and the value of risk-reducing measures. Also records of the analysis should be made for future reference and review.

6.3. Risk reduction measures

Hazardous event occurs when the hazard‟s potential to cause harm is realised. In order to prevent a hazard being realised, risk reducing measures or barriers are required. Barriers may be either physical, such as shields, isolation, separation, protective devices, etc. or non-physical measures, such as procedures, alarm systems, training, drills, etc. Hierarchy of risk reducing measures – prevention, detection, mitigation and emergency response should be followed. Control measures / barriers have to be divided in two categories – preventive measures and protective measures. Preventive measures have objective of reducing probability of occurrence. Protective measures (also called residual risk control) have objective of mitigating the effects of hazard situations. Protective measures should be considered after possible preventive measures.

Hierarchy of control: Elimination; Substitution; Engineering controls; Administration controls and PPE should be followed during identification of control measures. Elimination is removal of hazard by eliminating a requirement to carry out the task, use of particular equipment or use of a chemical. Substitution is replacement of the material; plant- equipment, process; or work practice with a less hazardous one. Engineering controls reduce the reliance on human factors. Engineering controls can be redesign of equipment, redesign of process or increase of automation. Engineering controls also include changes in layout – separation distances, ventilation, guards, enclosures, firewalls etc. Administration controls are the procedural aspects of managing hazards, such as planned and preventive maintenance programmes, standard operating procedures (SOP), work permit system and competence of personnel. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is the last and least effective control method because it relies on human behaviour. Risk reducing measures in case of low risk hazards include: controls as per general workplace practices and procedures, based on job safety analysis (JSA). JSA is covered in detail in section 6.4. Risk reducing measures in case of medium risk hazards include: availability of barriers or controls for prevention and mitigation of hazards; controls as per workplace practices and procedures based on job safety analysis (JSA).



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Risk reducing measures for high risk hazards should include: a. For each cause of hazard, identify the barriers to prevent the release of hazard. b. For every hazard, identify the barriers to reduce the consequences and/or facilitate

the recovery from the consequences. c. For each identified barrier:

Identify the critical task / activities required to ensure barriers are in place, working effectively and their integrity is maintained.

Identify the resources and competencies required for the barriers to be implemented and effective.

Identify where barrier is referred in safety management system.

Identify any factors that prevent such barriers from being defeated, removed from service or any reduction or elimination of their effectiveness. Identify any compensatory barriers and the associated activities, resources, competencies to address such barrier defeating factors.

Risk reduction measures should include: a. Preventive measures such as using inherently safer designs and ensuring asset

integrity; SOPs; to prevent incidents or reduce the probability of occurrence of incidents and to control incidents (limit the extent and duration of a hazardous event).

b. Mitigating measures to mitigate the effects or reduce the consequences. c. Measures to recover from incidents taking into account possible failures of the

control. Preventive measures should be emphasised.

In case of failure of barriers provided to prevent occurring of a hazardous event, mitigating measures to bring the situation to normal are required. Examples of mitigating measures are fire and gas detection systems, active and passive fire protection including fire water systems, evacuation systems, emergency procedures etc. All measures taken following a hazardous event are known as emergency response. For guidance on emergency preparedness and response, refer OISD-GDN-227. Selection of risk reduction measures should be based on sound engineering principles and common sense. Risk Matrix (based on ISO 17776, as explained above) is suggested below, which can be used for qualitative risk assessment.

Sl. No.

Work Activity

Associated Hazards

Control measures in place

Probability Consequences Risk Level (Low / Medium / High)

Remarks*

Peo

ple

Assets

Enviro

nm

ent

Reputa

tion

* Remarks should specify, in case of medium and high risk levels, whether these risk levels are because of inherent hazardous nature of the activity OR because of deficiencies in control measures. In case of latter, action(s) in hand to remove deficiencies should be recorded.



OISD-GDN- 232 9

The risk matrix should include all the emergency scenarios considered in the “Emergency Response Plan” of the installation. Risk matrix should be treated as a live document, to be updated periodically to reflect the action(s) taken related to deficient control measures besides incorporating new hazards (due to change in process parameters, plant modifications, change of personnel, learning from incidents etc.).

6.4. Job safety analysis

Job safety analysis (JSA) is a systematic stepwise review of all risk factors prior to an activity or operation, with an objective of ensuring operational safety. JSA or job hazard analysis (JHA) is a qualitative method of assessing risks for a particular job. JSA helps in identifying the measures to be taken for eliminating or reducing identified hazards, and integrating accepted safety standards and practices into a particular task or job operation. The terms job or task are commonly used interchangeably for a specific work assignment. JSAs are not suitable for jobs defined too broadly, for example drilling a well; or too narrowly, for example, “placing power tong on tool joint”. Following category of jobs should be considered for JSA: a. Jobs where incidents occur frequently b. Where the potential consequences of accidents are severe (in case of infrequent

incidents) c. Newly established jobs d. Modified jobs / changed job procedures e. Non routine – infrequently performed jobs

Job or activity is defined in terms of the work to be performed and JSA is carried out by breaking down the job or activity into a number of logical (correct sequence) steps to be taken; to accomplish the task. A step is the segment of the operation, necessary to move ahead the work process. It is expressed as what is done rather than how it is done. Care should be taken for not to miss specific steps and associated hazards. JSA should not attempt to uncover individual unsafe act(s). A number of questions are asked for each step, in order to identify hazards, potential consequences and risks associated with that particular step. The job, not the individual is being studied to make it safer by identifying hazards and required control measures. Potential hazard is identified by listing what can go wrong at each step. Use of a checklist can help in identifying all the potential hazards. Control measures (as per hierarchy of risk reducing measures); both precautions and contingency measures that should be taken are identified, for each hazard to reduce the risks. In listing of the control measures, general statements such as „be careful‟, „use PPE‟, and „use caution‟ etc. should be avoided. Specific statements describing what action(s) is to be taken and how it can be performed should be preferred. Documented work method statement identifying the job / work activity, environmental context, key processes involved, and the equipment used; are used as basis to facilitate job safety analysis. Operating procedures incorporate clear instructions and all controls; necessary to manage the hazards associated with the job steps (identified through the process of JSA). Controls may include but are not limited to – tools and equipment to be used, supervision and assistance required, work permits, safety observers, emergency response measures and personal protective equipment. Generally JSA is carried out by observing actual performance of the job (for the jobs being performed frequently).



OISD-GDN- 232 10

Advantage of JSA is that it is carried out by involving persons, with varied experience, responsible for performing the particular job, which helps in promoting acceptance of the operating procedures. Additional advantage is that it increases job knowledge of participants and safety awareness is increased. JSA can be used as benchmark for safety inspections or observations and is also useful for carrying out comprehensive accident investigations. SOPs should be revised whenever there is change in equipment, raw materials, processes, procedure, the environment, personnel (new / inexperienced personnel) and after any incident linked with the particular JSA.

6.5. Functional requirements

Functional requirements (also known as performance standards) are performance criteria which should be satisfied to meet the objective of the control measure. Due emphasis on establishing functional requirements and monitoring of control measures against the established functional requirements would ensure risk control. Functional requirements should be realistic (achievable) and verifiable. Periodic review of functional requirements should be carried out to ensure their continuous suitability. For identifying the critical equipment, systems and procedures, for which functional requirements (performance standards) are to be established, following factors should be considered: a. Should make a significant contribution for controlling risk. b. The measures selected should be directly relevant to the achievement of the system

goals. c. The measures selected should be capable of verification.

Functional requirements for control measures should include: a. Parameters which are clearly identifiable. b. Operational criteria which are essential for control of risk. c. Directly verifiable criteria which do not require extensive computational effort. d. Recording of data to confirm compliance with functional requirements.

Functional requirements should ensure that barriers, safety functions or safety systems:

Are suitable and fully effective for the type of identified hazards

Have sufficient capacity for the duration of hazards

Have adequate response time to fulfill its role

Are suitable for operating conditions envelope

Have sufficient availability to match the frequency of the initiating event (hazard) Examples of functional requirements for drilling, production and well servicing are given in sections 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 respectively. To the extent possible, functional requirements should be part of operating procedures and operational activity records. This reduces duplication of efforts and increases the probability that task is carried out in diligent and efficient manner.



OISD-GDN- 232 11

7.0 Generic Checklists of Hazards and Risk Reduction Measures for E&P Industry

A checklist is generally the quickest and easiest method of hazards and risk assessment, and is very effective in the control of risk arising from standard, well understood hazards. The use of checklists based upon the requirements laid out in codes and standards is very effective in identifying compliance with standard industry practices and highlighting aspects which require further investigation.

The generic checklists (annexure 1,2 and 3) listing hazards and risk reducing measures for E&P industry have been prepared for guidance. During use of these checklists following considerations should be kept in view:

Checklist may be modified, depending upon the specific application.

It should be conscientiously applied, in order to evaluate whether industry standard procedures are being followed and to identify aspects that requires further attention.

Checklists should be reviewed and updated regularly to incorporate new experience by the company and industry, including the results from any incident investigation.

7.1 Drilling and related operations

In case of on land drilling rigs, the activities include planning and design of wells, rig transportation, rig building, drilling operations, well completion & testing and rig dismantling.

In case of offshore rig operations marine operations and helicopter operations etc. are to be included in addition to above activities. Hazards and required control measures should be identified for drilling operations, jointly by the operator and rig owner / drilling contractor. Experience from similar operations and other wells in the same field should be utilised. JSA is very useful for operational safety during drilling operations. Drillers‟ HAZOP, a version of HAZOP developed for drilling operations, can identify the hazardous or unacceptable situations (as causes of deviation from design intention i.e. normal safe operations) through operability study and hazard analysis qualifies the effects (consequences). Simultaneous operations should be carried out only after identifying hazards due to simultaneous operations and establishing control measures. Refer OISD-GDN-186 on „Simultaneous Operations in E&P Industry‟. Screening criteria for risk acceptance can be regulatory requirements, environmental discharge limits, well barrier design, national / international industry standards and class requirements (for offshore operations).

Functional requirements related to risk reducing measures should be continuously monitored during drilling operations. These include: a. Well integrity – ensuring two barriers. b. Integrity and performance of well control equipment. c. Performance of safety systems – hydrocarbon and toxic gas detectors, fire fighting

systems. d. Fit for purpose status of drilling equipment including mast, structure and hoisting

equipment. e. Emergency response measures including safe closure of well, times for mustering,

mobilisation of fire fighting and rescue teams, mobilisation of man-overboard rescue



OISD-GDN- 232 12

boats, evacuation and rescue procedures and mobilisation of oil-spill response facilities.

f. Mooring and station-keeping capability vis-a-vis weather limits for particular operations.

g. Performance and operational limits for well testing equipment and systems. h. Competence of personnel. i. Environmental discharge limits. j. Limitations for simultaneous operations.

Checklist for drilling and related operations is placed at annexure 1.

7.2 Production, processing and related operations

Installation specific hazard identification and required control measures should cover all the activities associated with the installation. It should include the activities at the associated facilities such as well monitoring and surveillance, well intervention, well stimulation, flow line maintenance etc. Hazardous situations or near misses encountered at the installation (and also at similar other installations of the company and other nearby companies) should form part of the hazards identification process. In case of offshore operations marine operations and helicopter operations etc. are to be included in addition to above activities. Identification of hazards and required control measures for production, processing and related operations should consider complete lifecycle including planning, design, construction / installation, commissioning, operations and decommissioning. Selection of hazard and risk assessment method should be based on the particular stage of lifecycle under consideration. HAZOP analysis should be carried out for identification of hazards during non-routine operations. During major modifications to the installation QRA may be undertaken. Hazards due to human error, incorrect operation and faulty maintenance should be imparted due consideration. Simultaneous operations should be carried out only after identifying hazards due to simultaneous operations and establishing control measures. Refer OISD-GDN-186 on „Simultaneous Operations in E&P Industry‟. Screening criteria for risk acceptance can be regulatory requirements, environmental discharge limits and national / international industry standards.

Functional requirements related to risk reducing measures should be continuously monitored. These include: a. Inspection and maintenance procedures and frequencies to ensure the required

reliability and availability of the critical systems. b. Operating parameters limitations including pressures, temperatures and flowrates. c. Performance of safety systems – hydrocarbon and toxic gas detectors, fire detectors,

fire fighting systems, shut-down systems (including relief). d. Fit for purpose status of production equipment including vessels, storage tanks and

piping and associated process control devices and safety devices. e. Fit for purpose status of underwater structure and pipelines (in offshore operations). f. Emergency response measures including times for mustering, mobilisation of fire

fighting and rescue teams, mobilisation of man-overboard rescue boats, evacuation and rescue procedures and mobilisation of oil-spill response facilities.

g. Limitations on hydrocarbon and other hazardous inventories. h. Competence of personnel and manning levels / manning limitations.



OISD-GDN- 232 13

i. Environmental discharge limits. j. Limitations for simultaneous operations. k. Procedures and arrangements for control of deviations and non-conformities and

records of such events along with their possible effects should be maintained. l. Job Safety Analysis may be carried out for non-routine jobs

Checklist for production, processing and related operations is placed at annexure 2.

7.3 Well servicing and related operations

In case of workover rigs, the activities include, rig transportation, rig building, workover operations, well completion & testing and rig dismantling. In case of offshore operations marine operations and helicopter operations etc. are to be included in addition to above activities. Hazards and required control measures should be identified for well servicing operations, jointly by operator and rig owner / well servicing contractor. Experience from similar operations and other wells in the same field should be utilised. JSA is very useful for operational safety during well servicing operations. HAZOP analysis of well servicing and completion can also be carried out to identify specific hazards. Simultaneous operations should be carried out only after identifying hazards due to simultaneous operations and establishing control measures. Refer OISD-GDN-186 on „Simultaneous Operations in E&P Industry‟.

Screening criteria for risk acceptance can be regulatory requirements, environmental discharge limits, well barrier design, national / international industry standards and class requirements (for offshore operations).

Functional requirements related to risk reducing measures should be continuously monitored during well servicing operations. These include:

a. Well integrity – ensuring two barriers.

b. Integrity and performance of well control equipment.

c. Performance of safety systems – hydrocarbon or toxic gas detectors, fire fighting systems.

d. Fit for purpose status of well servicing equipment including mast, structure and hoisting equipment.

e. Emergency response measures including safe closure of wells, times for mustering, mobilisation of fire fighting and rescue teams, mobilisation of man-overboard rescue boats, evacuation and rescue procedures and mobilisation of oil-spill response facilities.

f. Performance and operational limits for well testing equipment and systems.

g. Competence of personnel.

h. Environmental discharge limits.

i. Limitations for simultaneous operations.

Checklist for well servicing and related operations is placed at annexure 3.



OISD-GDN- 232 14

8.0 References:

1. IADC: HSE Case guidelines part 4.

2. ISO 17776 –2000: Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment.

3. ISO 31000-2009: Risk management – Principles and guidelines

4. Marine Safety Forum: Risk Assessment, MODU move operations.

5. NORSOK standard D-010: Well Integrity in Drilling and Well Operations.

6. NORSOK standard Z-013-2010: Risk and emergency preparedness assessment.

7. OLF Recommended Guidelines 090-2006: Common Model for Safe Job Analysis (SJA).

8. OSHA-U.S Department of Labor: Job Hazard Analysis – OSHA 3071 2002.

9. OISD-STD-105: Work Permit System

10. OISD-STD-106: Process design and operating philosophies on pressure relief and disposal system

11. OISD-STD-113: Classification of Area for electrical installations at Hydrocarbon processing and handling facilities

12. OISD-STD-117: Fire Protection Facilities for Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipeline Installations and Lube Oil Installations

13. OISD-STD-118: Layouts for Oil and Gas Installations

14. OISD-STD-119: Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Pumps

15. OISD-STD-120: Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Compressors

16. OISD-STD-125: Inspection and Maintenance of Mechanical Seals

17. OISD-STD-128: Inspection of unfired pressure vessels

18. OISD-STD-129: Inspection of storage tanks

19. OISD-STD-132: Inspection of pressure relieving devices

20. OISD-STD-133: Inspection of fired heaters

21. OISD-STD-137: Inspection of electrical equipment

22. OISD-STD-138: Inspection of cross country pipelines – Onshore

23. OISD-STD-139: Inspection of pipelines – Offshore

24. OISD-STD-157: Recommended Practice for Transportation of Bulk Petroleum Products



OISD-GDN- 232 15

25. OISD-GDN-166: Guidelines for Occupational Health Monitoring in Oil and Gas Industry

26. OISD-RP-174: Well Control

27. OISD- STD-183: Standard on Logging Operations

28. OISD- GDN-186: Simultaneous Operations in Exploration & Production industry

29. OISD-STD-187: Care And Use Of Wire Rope

30. OISD-STD-189: Fire Protection System For onshore Drilling Rigs, Work Over Rigs And Oil/Gas Production Installations

31. OISD-RP-190: Derrick Floor Operations

32. OISD-RP-201: Environment Management in Exploration & Production Sector

33. OISD-GDN-202: Inspection of Drilling and Workover Rig Mast / Sub-Structure Inspection of Drilling and Workover Rig Mast / Sub-Structure

34. OISD-GDN-203: Operation, Maintenance & Inspection Of Hoisting Equipment

35. OISD-RP-205: Crane Operation, Maintenance and Testing (For upstream)

36. OISD-GDN-206: Guidelines on Safety Management System in Petroleum Industry

37. OISD-STD-216: Electrical Safety In Onshore Drilling And Workover Rigs

38. OISD-GDN-218: Guidelines For Safe Rig- Up And Rig- Down Of Drilling And Work-Over Rigs

39. OISD-GDN-227: Emergency Response and Preparedness in E&P Industry



OISD-GDN- 232 16

Annexure 1

Checklist for drilling and related operations

Activity: Drilling and Completion

S. No.

Sub activity Anticipated Hazards Risk Reducing measures

1. Planning of well Selection of rig Drilling and completion operations

1. Loss of containment / uncontrolled flow of well fluid due to:

a. Improper well design or programme including mud policy

b. Drilling into unexpected high pressure formation

c. Loss of hydrostatic pressure due to mud loss

d. Failure to fill the well during tripping / casing lowering

e. Swabbing / surging

f. Casing integrity failure

g. Gas absorption / gas cut mud leading to loss of hydrostatic pressure

h. Failure of well control equipment

i. Inadequate competence of personnel

j. Loss of position

Preventive 1. Analyse offset well data and review pressure

prediction. 2. Review well design & well drilling program,

ensuring kick tolerance. BHA design should minimise swabbing / surging.

3. Ensure two independent barriers during all

phases of well drilling /completion; for details on barriers refer NORSK standard D-010.

4. Assessment of drilling contractor procedures,

rig equipment and manpower competency before selection of rig & contractor, and performance monitoring during drilling operations.

5. Ensuring availability of required competent

personnel, during planning and operations. Also ensuring competence of crew to recognise influx into well bore as early as possible (having accredited well control training & certification and carrying out drills).

6. Monitoring of pore pressure indicators and

drilling fluid properties / parameters (pit volume, flow rate, Specific gravity etc.). Alarms should be set at appropriate levels and tested periodically.

7. Adherence to well control policy / procedures

(refer OISD-RP-174):

Installation, maintenance and inspection of well control equipment / BOP stacks as per applicable industry standards (refer OISD-RP-174).

Well control equipment / BOPs tested as per industry standards (refer OISD-RP-174).

Special considerations during tripping - trip tank, trip sheet records, flow check, control of tripping speed etc. (refer OISD-RP-174).

Carrying out LOT / PIT for each section.



OISD-GDN- 232 17

k. Trapped gas in riser / BOP stack

2. Ignition of uncontrolled flow / blow out leading to hydrocarbon fire.

Adequate stock of weighing material at the rig.

Procedures for safe closure of well and procedures to handle trapped gas / hydrate formation in riser.

Testing of casing integrity.

Procedures to prevent casing damage.

Procedures for handling absorbed gas should include use of MGS and degasser, gas detection in drilling fluid area and level alarms (MGS).

8. Periodic well control drills.

9. Control of ignition sources by ensuring fit for

purpose status of electrical equipment in hazardous areas.

10. Job Safety Analysis.

Mitigating

11. Emergency preparedness as per OISD-GDN-227.

12. Emergency preparedness to include:

Capability to mobilise own resources or / and agreement with the well control company (having required resources) for the required equipment and services

Closure of well as per procedure

Escape to muster area

HC gas detectors

Mobilising fire fighting system

Evacuation procedures

Well kill procedures.

Release of toxic gas (H2S)

Preventive 1. Well design should include measures for

handling H2S gas hazards in H2S known

areas.

2. The rig equipment should be appropriate

(meet requirements of industry standards –



OISD-GDN- 232 18

NACE MR-01 75 / ISO 15156) for drilling wells

in H2S known areas.

3. Competent personnel, trained for handling H2S

environment.

4. Equipment for monitoring of H2S. For guidance

refer industry standards API-RP-49 and OISD-

RP-201.

Mitigating


Toxic gas detectors

Adequate availability of breathing apparatus

for rig crew

Medical facilities at the rig

6. Evacuation equipment and procedures

including medevec.

Shallow gas - uncontrolled release of gas

Preventive 1. Check offset data

2. Conduct shallow seismic survey / Check

seismic for any anomaly.

3. Avoid drilling in shallow gas area by

considering relocation of well, if possible,

otherwise prepare contingency plan.

4. Contingency plan – use of diverter / drilling

pilot hole / controlled ROP / gas bubble watch

by ROV / use of float valve in drill string.

Mitigating


Dynamically killing of the well

Drop string and move to safe location

HC detectors installed and operational at the

rig.

1. Occupational hazards such as:

Preventive 1. For general guidance refer OISD-RP-190 and



OISD-GDN- 232 19

a. Noise

b. Slip and fall

c. Electric shock

2. Man overboard (offshore operations)

API-RP-54.

2. SOP / JSA for offshore operations to cover man overboard scenario.

Mitigating

3. Emergency preparedness for man overboard. Emergency preparedness to include:

a. Rescue boat at the installation

b. Competent and trained crew to manage rescue boat

S. No.


2. Rig movement and rig dismantling / building (for onshore) and rig move and placement (for offshore)


a. Fall of material

b. Fall of person from height

c. Road accident

d. Electrocution

e. Personnel getting entangled in lines during raising of Mast.

f. Being struck by swinging objects.

2. In case of offshore

rigs, hazards include:

a. Change in weather conditions – wind speed, current, wave height

b. Seabed conditions / stability

c. Punch through (in case of jack up rigs)

d. Water depth

e. Mooring / station keeping systems

Preventive

1. Rig movement planning (onshore) including

route and site preparation survey, selection of

vehicles, cranes and lifting gear (such as wire

rope slings, lifting eye, lifting rope for mast

etc).

2. Electrical safety procedures including for

enroute overhead electrical lines.

3. Adherence to safe operating procedures

including driving practices. For detailed

guidance refer OISD-STD-187, OISD-GDN-

202, OISD-GDN-203, OISD-RP-205, OISD-

STD-216, and OISD-GDN-218.

4. Job safety analysis to address (refer OISD-

GDN-218):

Check and secure all objects (which can

fall) on the mast before raising / lowering

of mast

Use tag line

5. Rig movement planning (offshore) including

updated seabed survey, accurate field survey

data, location history, defined weather limits,

long term and short term weather forecast,

traffic survey, mooring analysis, review of

procedures - JSA / HAZOP, fit for purpose

equipment / towing vessel – requirements /

capabilities clearly defined, vessel meets the

required specifications / have fitness certificate

(class or other), limitations of vessel, breakout

limits and strategies defined, minimum

separations and distances defined, agreed

and adhered to, integrated communication,



OISD-GDN- 232 20

f. Other nearby assets such as platform structure, piping at platform, pipelines at seabed and flowing wells at platform etc.

g. Dynamic loading

h. Towing operation – fitness of tug boat and anchor handling equipment, vessel collision

i. Lack of marine competence

j. Inadequate procedures

k. Man overboard

l. Coordination failure – communication failure, accountability not defined

clear roles and responsibilities, competent

personnel familiar with operations, water tight

integrity checks, rig loading plan, joint

emergency procedures etc.

6. Pre move meeting (for offshore) attended by

operator representative, rig contractor,

surveyor and other service providers.

7. Shut down of wells on platform (offshore)

during rig move and proper preloading

guidelines to be adhered to.

8. Competent persons including crane operator,

trailer drivers, slingers, rig building crew,

supervisors, and marine competence for

MODU / towing vessel.

9. Working at height – use of fall prevention

devices, man overboard precautions for

offshore operations.

10. Safe handling of chemicals.

11. Use of specified PPE.

Mitigating

12. Emergency procedures should include

interfacing with contractors / service providers.

S. No.


3. Derrick floor Operations

During handling of tubular, occupational hazards due to:

a. Swinging blocks hitting derrick

b. Swinging pipe

c. Rolling / falling of tubular from pipe rack

d. Fall of object

e. Hit by moving object

f. Slip / trip of person at derrick floor

Preventive

1. For JSA refer Tubular Handling appraisal

procedure guidelines of IADC, drill floor safety

document of Step Change in Safety and

OISD-RP-190.

2. Use of body harness / safety belt

Mitigating

3. Emergency preparedness should include

medical facilities and medical evacuation

procedures.



OISD-GDN- 232 21

g. Fall of person from derrick floor / monkey board

h. Trapped in between moving objects

i. Pinch points at pipe, elevator links, elevator and slip handles

j. Strain while lifting slips

During making / breaking a connection, Occupational hazards due to:

a. Swinging pipe

b. Pinch points at slip handles

c. Pinch points at pipe, elevator links, elevator, slip handles and tongs

d. Strain while lifting slips

e. Slipping / swinging of tong

f. Breaking of tong lines

g. Fall of object

h. Hit by moving object

d. Slip / trip of person at derrick floor

i. Trapped in between moving objects

j. Chemical hazards due to mud splash

Preventive 1. For JSA refer Tubular Handling appraisal

procedure guidelines of IADC, drill floor safety document of Step Change in Safety and OISD-RP-190.

2. Adherence to safe operating procedures. For detailed guidance refer OISD–STD-187, OISD-RP-190.

Mitigating

3. Emergency preparedness should include medical facilities and medical evacuation procedures.

During tripping, occupational hazards due to:




OISD-GDN- 232 22


b. Swinging pipe





e. Fall of object

f. Hit by moving object

g. Slip at derrick floor

h. Fall of person including falling from mast ladder / monkey board


j. Chemical hazards due to mud splash

1. Travelling block hitting the Crown block / derrick floor

2. Failure of hydromatic / eddy current brake

3. Failure of main

drum brake 4. Rotary movement,

in case rotary table is used to spin drill string

5. Uncontrolled flow of well fluid / blow out


2. Adherence to safe operating procedures. For

detailed guidance refer OISD-STD-187, OISD-RP-190.

3. Ensure that „Crown-o-matic‟ / twin stop device is installed and working properly. (Regularly check the device for effective functioning)

4. Inspection and maintenance of draw works

main drum brake, hydromatic / eddy current brake, tongs, slips, wire ropes, elevators etc.

5. Use of mechanical equipment such as pipe

spinner, automatic slips, pipe handling equipment, kelly spinner or top drive etc. to eliminate the occupational hazards.

6. Emergency Escape Device (EED). 7. Slip resistance surface at derrick floor. 8. Before breaking out Kelly, stop mud pump,

close mud saver valve on kelly, use mud bucket, use pipe wiper etc.

9. Fall prevention at monkey board and mast

ladder. 10. Competent personnel. 11. Keeping hole full during tripping; for details

refer OISD-RP-174. 12. Good housekeeping and use of specified PPE.

Mitigating




OISD-GDN- 232 23

S. No.


4. Handling of drilling fluid

Occupational hazards due to:

a. Chemical exposure

b. Mechanical hazard of moving / rotating equipment

c. Noise

d. Material handling

e. Toxic gas (H2S)

Preventive 1. Proper design / specifications of equipment.

2. Inspection and maintenance of equipment. 3. SOP / Job safety analysis 4. Competent personnel 5. H2S detection system 6. MSDS and use of specified PPE 7. Proper design / specifications of equipment.

Mitigating

8. Emergency preparedness should include provisions of face showers, medical facilities and medical evacuation procedures.

5.

Logging 1. Uncontrolled flow of well fluid / blow out during logging operation

2. Occupational hazards due to:

a. Neutron radiation

b. Gamma rays 3. Mechanical failure

of wire line / equipment

Preventive 1. Installation, maintenance and inspection of

well control equipment / BOP stacks as per applicable industry standards.

2. Adherence to well control policy / procedures.

3. Keep close watch on well during logging for any indication of well activity.

4. Only competent personnel to carry out job.

5. SOP /JSA including procedures for handling

well control situations. 6. For recommended practices refer OISD- STD-

183.

7. Restricted work area 8. Use of specified PPE

Mitigating

9. Emergency preparedness

6. Perforation 1. Uncontrolled flow of well fluid / blow out during perforation operation





OISD-GDN- 232 24

2. Occupational

hazards during handling of explosives due to:

a. Uncontrolled detonation / surface detonation

b. Explosion


3. SOP /JSA including procedures for handling

well control situations. 4. For recommended practices refer OISD- STD-

183 and API-RP-67.

5. Only competent personnel to carry out job. 6. Procedures should include:

Switching off wireless communication equipment

Electrical isolation

Restricted operations

Monitoring equipment for stray currents

Protection for lightening

Proper gun design

Weather conditions

Adequate communication

Restricted work area 7. Use of specified PPE

Mitigating

8. Emergency preparedness.

7. Cementation 1. Uncontrolled flow of well fluid / blow out during cementation operation


a. Chemical exposure / respiratory hazard

b. Mechanical hazard – moving / rotating equipment

c. Slip, trip and fall

d. Noise



2. Inspection, maintenance and testing of

equipment including cementing lines.

3. Operating within the pressure limit / provision of PSV.

4. Securing high pressure lines. 5. Adherence to well control policy / procedures. 6. SOP and JSA

7. Competent personnel 8. Use of specified PPE



OISD-GDN- 232 25

e. Material handling, falling of material

3. Liquid at pressure

Mitigating


8. Well testing 1. Loss of containment due to:

a. Well equipment failure including packer

b. Testing equipment failure

c. Swabbing

d. Loss of completion fluid.

2. Loss of

containment leading to fire and explosion.

Preventive 1. Design of the equipment as per industry

standards.

2. Inspection, maintenance and testing of equipment.

3. Adherence to well control policy / procedures. 4. SOP / JSA

5. For recommended practices refer OISD- GDN-182 and API-RP-54.

6. Procedures should include:

Safe handling of well fluid considering flow restrictions, if any (due to separator capacity / flare capacity / pressure safety valve discharge capacity).

7. Use of specified PPE

Mitigating


9. Electrical 1. Electric shock due to:

a. Unsafe equipment

b. Unsafe environment

c. Unsafe work practices

2. Fire

Preventive

1. Effective grounding as per industry standards (refer OISD-STD-216)

2. Requirements of Indian electricity rules 1956 with respect to electric lighting should be met.

3. Effective insulation 4. Equipment in protective environment meeting

area classification requirements. 5. Inspection of protective devices / tripping

devices such as relays / fuses / circuit breakers (refer OISD-STD-137).

6. SOP including:

Safe distances from live parts / overhead lines

De-energising and energising for maintenance and testing activities

Tag out / lock out to prevent accidental



OISD-GDN- 232 26

start

Periodic inspection and testing procedures

Interfacing of electrical lock out permit with cold / hot work permit

7. Trained competent personnel

8. Earth leakage protection device with sensitivity

< 30mA (for time < 1 sec) for all lighting and socket outlet circuits.

9. Use of specified PPE Mitigating 10. Emergency preparedness

S. No.


10. Miscellaneous drilling related activities.

During handling of diesel fuels:

1. Loss of

containment

2. Fire

Preventive 1. Inspection / health check, maintenance and

testing of storage tanks and associated equipment including hoses / pipelines.

2. SOP should include safe receipt / unloading of diesel from tanker / vessel. For SOP and JSA refer OISD-STD-157 and OISD-STD-216.

3. Competent personnel

4. Use of specified PPE Mitigating

5. Emergency preparedness should include:

Secondary containment

Fire fighting system

During handling of pressurised gas cylinders:

1. Loss of

containment

2. Explosion

Preventive 1. Inspection / health check of cylinders and gas

cutting equipment.

2. Safe storage of cylinders. 3. SOP and JSA 4. For recommended practices refer API-RP-54 Mitigating


For Lines under Preventive



OISD-GDN- 232 27

pressure: 1. Over pressure –

loss of containment

1. Selection of vessels and pipeline of required

pressure rating based on the design as per applicable industry standards.

2. Inspection (including periodic health check)

and testing of lines. 3. Operating within design pressure envelope.

Provision of pressure safety valves at appropriate locations.

4. Inspection, calibration and testing of PSVs. 5. SOP and JSA 6. Ensure personnel stand clear of pressurized

lines during cementation / well control / testing procedures.



In case of personnel working at height: 1. Fall of person

Preventive 1. Fall prevention equipment – full body harness,

life jacket, life line / retractable line, tag line etc.

2. SOP / JSA

Mitigating


In case of objects overhead: 1. Fall of objects

Preventive 1. SOP / JSA

2. Personnel should stay clear of suspended,

hoisted or moving loads.

3. Tag lines should be used, where appropriate.


Mitigating


During Welding: 1. Burn injury

Preventive 1. Safe welding area / hot work permit refer

OISD-STD-105



OISD-GDN- 232 28

2. Fire 2. SOP / JSA 3. For recommended practices refer API-RP-54

or ANSI Z 49. 4. Use of specified PPE (head to toe protection).

5. Ventilation 6. Monitoring of Hydrocarbons 7. Competent personnel 8. Fire watch

Mitigating

9. Emergency preparedness should include fire watch and fire protection.

In case of equipment with rotating or moving parts: 1. Pinch points at

power tongs, elevators and slips.

2. Unguarded moving parts of air winch, draw works.

3. Travelling block


2. Guards on moving parts 3. Competent personnel.

During crane / lifting operations: 1. Unrestrained /

swinging loads

2. Overload 3. Equipment failure 4. Unsuitable lifting

equipment 5. Space constraints 6. Abnormal weather 7. Simultaneous

operations

Preventive 1. Inspection and ensuring integrity of lifting

equipment.

2. Permit to work / SOP / JSA

3. For recommended practices refer OISD-RP-205.

4. Load indicators, load limit charts / limit

switches 5. Competent personnel (all crew - supervisor /

signal man / crane operator / rigger) 6. Pre-lift load inspections, pre-slung loads,

certified lifting gears. 7. Pre-planned load paths / use of tag lines.



OISD-GDN- 232 29

8. Specified operations limit for rough weather. 9. Warning (signal / horn) during movement of

load. 10. Effective communication. 11. Appropriate manning levels.


Mitigating

13. Emergency procedures should include interfacing with contractors / service providers.

Due to weather conditions:

1. Strong winds

2. Heavy rains

Preventive 1. System of getting accurate weather forecast

from two independent sources / agencies. For offshore – weather reliable and functioning monitoring devices at the rig and watch keeping at bridge.

2. SOP / JSA with specified boundary conditions – weather limits for safe operations.

3. Rescheduling of activities to avoid the

possibility of severe weather conditions during sensitive operations.

Mitigating


Health related:

1. Over exposure to noise

Preventive 1. Consideration of noise levels during selection

of equipment and reduction of noise level for machinery in use.

2. Minimization of time in noisy environment 3. Isolation of high noise areas and ensuring

integrity of sound proofing materials (if applicable).

4. Warning signs / personnel access restrictions 5. Hearing protection / Use of specified PPE

Mitigating



OISD-GDN- 232 30

6. Medical plan - periodic hearing / audiometric tests of personnel exposed to high noise areas

Working in confined spaces: 1. Hazardous gas /

environment

2. Fall of person 3. Fire

Preventive 1. Work permit / SOP / JSA

2. For recommended practices refer OISD-STD-

105

3. Equipment required / respiratory protection and fall protection

4. Competent personnel 5. Buddy system / co-worker 6. Use of specified PPE Mitigating


During marine operations, vessel collision leading to: 1. Structural damage

of the rig

2. Loss of rig (hull) integrity

3. Loss of vessel

(supply vessel / tug boat) integrity

4. Structural damage

of the platform

Preventive 1. SOP (joint procedures with marine vessel

operator) / JSA for vessel operations following industry standards with specified boundary conditions – weather limits for safe operations.

2. Fit for purpose status of vessel including its station keeping ability.

3. Competent personnel at both vessel and rig to

manage interface. 4. Weather forecast.

Mitigating


During Helicopter operations, loss of control / crash of helicopter due to: 1. Extreme weather

2. Helicopter /

equipment failure 3. Pilot error

Preventive 1. SOP (joint procedures with helicopter

operator) / JSA for helicopter operations at the rig.

2. Airworthiness of helicopter 3. Layout / orientation of rig - helideck 4. Competent personnel – helideck crew / HLO



OISD-GDN- 232 31

4. Obstruction in landing / takeoff path

5. Helideck structure

failure

5. Communication between helicopter and rig 6. Availability of weather forecast and weather

monitoring instruments at the rig.

Mitigating

7. Emergency procedures should include interfacing with contractors / service providers, fire fighting system at helideck, provision of standby vessel and all personnel trained for HUET.



OISD-GDN- 232 32

Annexure- 2

Checklist for production and related operations

S. No.


1.

Well fluid processing and separation

1. Over pressure 2. Under pressure 3. Liquid overflow 4. Loss of

containment due to equipment failure

5. Fire 6. Low liquid level /

gas blowby

Preventive 1. Separator should be designed as per

industry standards such as API SPEC 12J. Safety devices {like High Pressure Sensor (PSH), Low Pressure Sensor (PSL), Pressure Safety Valve (PSV), High Level Sensor (LSH), Low Level Sensor (LSL), Check Valve, and High Temperature Sensor (TSH)} are installed. (Safety devices should be designed , installed and tested as per industry standard such as API-RP-14C for Offshore Installations)

2. Safety devices are maintained and calibrated

at regular intervals. PSV should be

maintained and calibrated as per OISD-STD-

132.

3. Adequately sized piping and valves (refer

OISD-STD-106 and OISD-STD-109). Outlet

of PSV shall be discharged safely as per

OISD- STD-106.

4. Adequate ventilation or provision of

combustible gas detectors to shut-off

hydrocarbon source.

5. Each input source protected by safety

devices like PSH, PSL and PSV.

6. Separator should be equipped with devices

to control process parameters like level

controller, pressure controller, and

temperature controller.

7. Process control devices (Level controller,

Pressure Controller, Temperature Controller)

should be maintained on regular intervals.

8. Provision of make-up gas system if pressure

vessel is subjected to under-pressure that

could cause it to collapse.

9. Application of electrical standards and

recommended practices such as API RP



OISD-GDN- 232 33

500, API RP 14 F.

10. Location of equipment as per standards such

as API RP 14J.

11. Safe operating procedures

12. Integrity Management. Health check of

separator and accessories should be carried

out as per OISD-STD-128 to ensure its

integrity.

13. Job safety analysis / SOP refer OISD GDN

206.

14. Competent personnel.

15. Confined space entry procedures – work

permit system (refer OISD-STD-105).

Mitigating 16. ESD /containment / blow down system. 17. Safe distances between equipment as per

OISD-STD-118 (in on land operations). 18. Fire protection (cooling) as per OISD-STD-

189. (in on land operations) API-RP-14G or ISO 13702 for offshore operations.

19. Emergency response preparedness as per

OISD-STD-227

2. Oil and Gas Transportation through Pipelines

1. Loss of containment, failure of pipeline due to:

a. Over pressure

b. Corrosion / erosion

c. Mechanical damage

2. Damage caused by

third party which includes digging (onshore) and marine hazards of vessel collision and anchors of vessels (offshore)

Preventive

1. The pipeline should be designed and

installed for operating parameters (nature of

fluid, pressure, temperature) following

applicable industry standards. Safety devices

{like High Pressure Sensor (PSH), Low

Pressure Sensor (PSL), Pressure Safety

Valve (PSV), and Check Valve} are installed.


at regular intervals.

3. Proper design to take care that MAWP is

greater than maximum shut in pressure. The

pipelines should have PSV (If required,

based on design and operating parameters)

and maintained & calibrated as per OISD-

STD- 132.



OISD-GDN- 232 34

3. Fire

4. Explosion

4. Integrity Management. Inspection / health

check of pipelines (including status of

corrosion protection systems) should be

carried as per applicable industry standards

including OISD-STD-138 for onshore

pipelines, OISD-STD-139 for offshore

pipelines and OISD-STD-130 for inspection

of piping system.

5. Pipelines should be provided with external

anti corrosion coating.

6. Pressure in pipelines should be monitored on

regular basis.


8. Repair procedures as per industry standards.

9. Job safety analysis / SOP

Mitigating

10. Emergency response preparedness

11. Depending upon risk assessment provision

of auto isolation / alarm in case of leakage.

12. ESD system.

S. No.


3. Heating of well fluid (in fired vessels, tube type heater)

1. Loss of containment due to:

a. High temperature

b. Corrosion

c. Over pressure

2. Direct ignition

source and excess fuel in firing chamber in case of fired component:

a. Explosion

b. Backfire

Preventive

1. Equipment should be designed and installed

as per applicable industry standards API

SPEC 12K, API SPEC 12L, API RP 12N or

OISD-STD-111. Safety devices {like High

Pressure Sensor (PSH), Low Pressure

Sensor (PSL), Pressure Safety Valve (PSV),

High Level Sensor (LSH), Low Level Sensor

(LSL), Flow Sensor (FSL), Flame failure

sensor (BSL), Check Valve, and High

Temperature Sensor (TSH)} are installed.

2. Integrity Management. Inspection / health

check of fired vessels should be carried as

per applicable industry standards including

OISD-STD-133.

3. Fired vessels should be equipped with

pressure releasing device (PSV).



OISD-GDN- 232 35


at regular intervals. PSV should be

maintained and calibrated as per OISD-STD-

132.

5. Outlet of PSV shall be discharged safely as

per OISD- STD-106.

6. Separator should be equipped with devices to

control process parameters like level

controller, pressure controller, and

temperature controller.

7. Process control devices (Level controller,

Pressure Controller, Temperature Controller)

should be maintained on regular intervals.

8. Fired vessels should be equipped with level

controller valve to control the level and out

flow from the vessel.

9. Motor interlocks for forced draft fan motor

10. Flame in the firing chamber is monitored by

BSL or TSL sensor.

11. Flame arrestor in natural draft burner.

12. Explosion proof fire chamber

13. Remote ignition system


15. Electrical systems should be as per

applicable industry standards and meeting

the requirements of Indian Electricity Rules,

1956.


permit system (refer OISD-STD-105)


Mitigating


19. Containment system (including fuel gas)

20. Safe distances between equipment as per

OISD-STD-118 (in on land operations).

21. Fire protection (cooling) as per OISD-STD-



OISD-GDN- 232 36

189 (in on land operations).

1. Occupational hazards

Preventive

1. Safety features (hot surface protection in

form of guards, barriers or insulation) to

address possible occupational hazards

including Insulation of hot surfaces.

Mitigating


3. Housekeeping

S. No.


4. Crude storage


a. Over flow

b. Corrosion

c. Over pressure 2. Fire

Preventive 1. The storage tanks should be designed and

installed following applicable industry

standards API Spec 12D, API Spec 12F or

OISD-STD-108

2. There should be two independent gauges or

transmitter with the storage tanks to give

audio-alarm at high level and audio alarm &

tripping at high-high level.

3. Level gauges (or transmitter, where installed)

should be calibrated on regular intervals.

4. The breather valve and vent to be installed

and maintained on storage tanks as per

OISD-STD-108 and OISD-STD-132.

5. Flame arrestor on tanks, refer OISD STD 129

6. Detection system (HC and fire detection) on

tanks as per OISD STD 117, where

applicable.

7. Storage tanks should have instrumentation as

per the requirements of OISD-STD-108.

8. Inspection and health check (including status

of corrosion protection systems) of storage

tanks and associated equipment should be as

per OISD-STD-129.

9. Crude oil should be stabilized before taking

into storage tanks.

10. Electrical systems (including control of stray



OISD-GDN- 232 37

currents) should be as per industry

standards.



permit system (refer OISD-STD-105).

Mitigating

13. Secondary containment / dyke system as per

OISD-STD- 118 (in on land operations).

Keeping dyke free of vegetation / good

housekeeping


189 (in on land operations)




1. Occupational hazards such as slip / fall etc.

Preventive

1. Safety features to address possible

occupational hazards.

Mitigating


3. Housekeeping

5. Gas Compression

1. Over pressure (suction)

2. Over pressure (discharge)


a. Overpressure

b. Corrosion

c. Seal failure

d. Mechanical damage

Preventive

1. The compressors should be designed and

installed following applicable industry

standards; refer OISD-STD-120. Safety

devices {like High Pressure Sensor (PSH),

Low Pressure Sensor (PSL), Pressure Safety

Valve (PSV), High Temperature Sensor (TSH

Check Valve and Shut down valve} are

installed.

2. Gas detectors (if installed in closed enclosed

space) to shutoff process inflow and blow

down the compressor.

3. Casing vents and drains routed to safe

location.



OISD-GDN- 232 38

e. Failure of safety systems

4. Fire

5. Explosion

6. Excess temperature

4. Effective sealing system during operations

and idle condition (enhanced safety features

such as tandem / double dry gas seals, liquid

film seals and mechanical (contact) shaft

seals); refer OISD-STD-125.

5. Alarms and trips to detect seal failures. Fire

loop and thermal detector to shutoff process

inflow and blowdown the compressor.

6. Safe routing of leaked gases from sealing

system

7. Protection against back pressure from flare /

vent line

8. Low lube oil pressure and high lube

temperature protection

9. Abnormal process condition – surge, limits for

pressure and temperature, relief and safety

devices

10. Protection against reverse rotation for rotary /

centrifugal compressor.

11. Purging before start up.

12. Noise hazards - display warning signs; refer

OISD-GDN-166.



15. Electrical systems (including control of stray

currents) should be as per industry standards

/ area classification.

Mitigating



17. ESD / blow down system


189 (in on land operations).



Preventive

1. Safety features to address possible



OISD-GDN- 232 39

occupational hazards (including noise and

hot surfaces)

Mitigating


3. House keeping

S. No.


6. Depressurisation / blow down


a. Over pressure

b. Carryover of liquid with gas

c. Failure due to corrosion

d. Mechanical failure

2. Explosion

3. Fire

Preventive

1. Design and installation of depressurisation /

blow down system should be as per the

industry standards OISD- STD-106 and OISD-

STD-109.

2. Provision of KOD and suitable evacuation of

liquid from KOD as applicable.

3. Flare stack should have remote ignition

system as per the requirements of DGMS (for

on land operations) / OISD-STD-106.

4. Safe distances as per OISD-STD-118 (in on

land operations).

5. Stack height should meet requirements of

MoEF guidelines (in on land operations).

6. Purging should be done before start up.

7. Appropriate system such as water seal / assist

flame / molecular seal should be provided to

maintain flame front.


9. Job safety analysis / SOP.

Mitigating


7. Ignition 1. Fire hazards due to ignition sources

Preventive

1. Control of ignition sources such as

a. Hot surfaces

b. Generation of electrostatic energy due to high

velocity of fluid



OISD-GDN- 232 40

c. Mechanical spark

d. Electrical spark

e. Open flame

f. Electronic gadgets such as mobile phone

2. All the appliances installed in the installation

should be as per area classification zones in

line with OISD-STD-113 or API RP 500.

3. All equipment (vessels, piping, well manifolds,

pumps, separators etc) and metallic structures

should have double independent / distinct

earthing and maintained as per Indian

Electricity Rules / OISD-STD- 137.

Mitigating


5. Fire protection (cooling) as per OISD-STD-189

(in on land operations).


a. Unsafe equipment



2. Fire

Preventive 1. Effective grounding as per industry

standards (refer OISD-STD-137)


3. Effective insulation 4. Equipment in protective environment /

guarding; if required, meeting area classification requirements.

5. Inspection of protective devices / tripping


6. SOPs including:



Tag out / lock out to prevent accidental start


7. Trained competent personnel



OISD-GDN- 232 41

8. Earth leakage protection device with sensitivity < 30mA (for time < 1 sec) for all lighting and socket outlet circuits.

9. Housekeeping 10. Use of specified PPE

Mitigating


12. Electrical shock chart should be displayed at strategic location

S. No.


9. Well - head operation

1. Over pressure

2. Loss of containment


Preventive

1. The well head and associated equipment

should be designed and installed as per

applicable industry standards API SPEC 6A

or ISO 10423. Proper design to take care

that MAWP is greater than maximum shut in

pressure.

2. Safety devices are maintained and

calibrated at regular intervals.

3. Integrity Management. Inspection,

maintenance and testing of well head and

associated equipment should as per SPEC

6A or ISO 10423.

4. Well design should have system of sub

surface closure based on risk assessment;

refer API SPEC 14A and API RP 14B.

5. Annuli (including outer annuli), tubing head

pressures and ABP should be monitored on

regular basis for safety critical parameters.


7. Job safety analysis / SOP (refer OISD-GDN-

182).

8. For simultaneous operation, refer OISD

GDN 186.


10. House keeping



OISD-GDN- 232 42

Mitigating


10. Well maintenance operation like scrapping, activation and stimulation jobs


a. Equipment failure

b. Failure of well material

c. Unsafe operation.

2. Fire

Preventive

1. Vehicles should be placed at safe distance (in

on land operations).

2. Wire line assembly including BOP should be

installed and tested as per DGMS (in on land

operations) / OISD guidelines.

3. Job safety analysis / SOP refer OISD-GDN-

182.


5. Pressure of compressor line up to annulus

should be tested before applying the

compressor.

6. Pressure from annulus should be released by

using choke to prevent erosion of the seat of

annulus valve.

7. Suitability of well head assembly, casing and

tubing should be assessed during planning of

stimulation job.

Mitigating


9. Safe disposal of chemicals used for

stimulation should be ensured.


Preventive

1. Occupational hazards such as handling of

chemical / noise / slip / fall / falling of object

etc. should be taken care of by taking

preventive measures such as availability

and display of MSDS and use of appropriate

PPE.

Mitigating


3. House keeping



OISD-GDN- 232 43

11. Oil pumping 1. Over pressure


3. Fire

Preventive

1. Equipment designed as per applicable

industry standard OISD-STD-119 and OISD-

STD-121. Safety devices {like High Pressure

Sensor (PSH), Low Pressure Sensor (PSL),

Pressure Safety Valve (PSV), Check Valve

and Shut down valve} are installed.


at regular intervals.

3. Flow dampener and pressure relief valve in

positive displacement pumps

4. Casing vents and drains routed to safe

location

5. Sufficient protection – low pressure and high

temperature – in case of pressurized

lubrication system.

6. In case of gas engine, procedure should

include control of hazards associated with

fuel gas, during start-up and operations.

7. Equipment maintained as per industry

standard OISD-STD-119 and OEM guidelines




119

Mitigating



Preventive

1. Coupling guard – removable, non-sparking

material, capable of withstanding foreseeable

external impact.

2. Insulation of hot surfaces.

S. No.


12. Miscellaneous production related activities.



life jacket, tag line etc.



OISD-GDN- 232 44

2. SOP / JSA

Mitigating



2. Fire

Preventive 1. Safe welding area / hot work permit (refer

OISD-STD-105).

2. SOP / JSA

3. For recommended refer API-RP-54 or ANSI Z 49.

4. Use of specified PPE (head to toe protection).


Mitigating

9. Emergency preparedness including fire watch and fire protection.


swinging loads



operations


equipment.

2. Permit to work / SOP / JSA refer OISD-RP-205.


switches 4. Competent personnel (crew members -

supervisor / signal man / crane operator / rigger)

5. Pre-lift load inspections, pre-slung loads,

certified lifting gears. 6. Pre-planned load paths / use of tag lines. 7. Specified operations limit in rough weather. 8. Warning (signal / horn) during movement of

load.



OISD-GDN- 232 45

9. Effective communication. 10. Appropriate manning levels. 11. Use of specified PPE

Mitigating

12. Emergency preparedness procedures should include interfacing with contractors / service providers.


1. Strong winds

2. Heavy rains


from two independent sources / agencies. For offshore – weather reliable and functioning monitoring devices at the installation.




Mitigating


Health related:







Mitigating


Working in confined spaces:

Preventive



OISD-GDN- 232 46

1. Hazardous gas /

environment


1. Work permit (refer OISD-STD-105) / SOP / JSA

2. Equipment required: respiratory protection and fall protection




of the platform

2. Loss of well integrity

3. Loss of vessel

integrity 4. Loss of process

integrity




3. Competent personnel at both vessel and

platform to manage interface. Responsibilities of key persons are defined.

4. Weather forecast.

Mitigating

5. Emergency preparedness procedures should include interfacing with contractors / service providers.

During offshore operations including platform and vessels: 1. Man over board

Preventive 1. SOP / JSA Mitigating

2. Emergency preparedness including watch

keeping.


2. Helicopter /

equipment failure


operator) / JSA for helicopter operations at the platform.

2. Airworthiness of helicopter 3. Layout / orientation of platform- helideck



OISD-GDN- 232 47

3. Pilot error 4. Obstruction in

landing / takeoff path


failure

4. Competent personnel – helideck crew / HLO 5. Communication between helicopter and

platform 6. Availability of weather forecast and weather

monitoring instruments at the platform.

Mitigating

7. Emergency preparedness as per OISD-GDN-227. Emergency procedures should include interfacing with contractors / service providers, fire fighting system at helideck, provision of standby vessel and all personnel trained for HUET.



OISD-GDN- 232 48

Annexure- 3

Checklist for well servicing and related operations

S. No.


1. 1. Planning for well servicing

2. Selection of service provider including workover rig.

3. Well servicing operations

1. Loss of containment / uncontrolled flow of well fluid due to:

a. Improper well servicing programme including well barrier policy

b. Loss of hydrostatic pressure due to loss of well fluid

c. Failure to fill the well during tripping

d. Failure of well hardware including casing integrity failure

e. Failure of well control equipment

2. Ignition of uncontrolled flow / blow out leading to hydrocarbon fire.

Preventive 1. Analyse well data including offset well data of

same field and review pressure prediction. 2. Review well servicing program, ensuring kick

tolerance. 3. Ensure two independent barriers during all

phases of well servicing, for details on barriers refer NORSK standard D-010.

4. Assessment of well servicing contractor

procedures, rig equipment and manpower competency before selection of rig & contractor, and performance monitoring during well servicing operations.

5. Ensuring availability of required competent

personnel, during planning and operations. Also ensure competence of key crew members to recognise influx into well bore as early as possible (having accredited well control training and certification and carrying out drills).

6. Monitoring completion fluid properties /

parameters (Pit volume, flow rate, Specific gravity etc.).

7. Adherence to well control policy / procedures

(refer OISD-RP-174):

Installation, maintenance and inspection of well control equipment / BOP stacks as per applicable industry standards (refer OISD-RP-174).

Well control equipment / BOPs tested as per industry standards (refer OISD-RP-174).

Special considerations during tripping - trip tank, trip sheet records, flow check, control of tripping speed etc. (refer OISD-RP-174).

Adequate stock of completion fluid at the rig.



OISD-GDN- 232 49

Procedures for safe closure of well.

Testing of casing integrity.

Procedures to prevent casing damage. 8. Periodic well control drills.

9. Control of ignition sources by ensuring fit for

purpose status of electrical equipment in hazardous area.

10. Job Safety Analysis. Mitigating 11. Emergency preparedness as per OISD-

GDN-227.


Availability of own resources or agreement with the well control company (having required resources) for the required equipment and services

Closure of well as per procedure

Escape to muster area

HC gas detectors

Mobilising fire fighting system

Evacuation procedures

Well killing procedures.

2. Handling of completion fluid




c. Noise


e. Toxic gas (H2S)

Preventive

1. Proper design / specifications of equipment.

2. Inspection and maintenance of equipment. 3. SOP / Job safety analysis 4. Competent personnel 5. H2S detection system 6. MSDS / Use of specified PPE

Mitigating

7. Emergency preparedness including provisions



OISD-GDN- 232 50

of face showers

S. No.


3. Rig movement and rig dismantling / building (for onshore) and rig move and placement (for offshore)


a. Fall of material

b. Fall of person from height

c. Road accident

d. Electrocution

e. Personnel getting entangled in lines during raising of Mast.

f. Being struck by swinging objects.

2. In case of offshore

rigs, hazards include:

a. Change in weather conditions – wind speed, current, wave height

b. Seabed conditions / stability

c. Punch through (in case of jack up rigs)

d. Water depth

e. Mooring / station keeping systems

f. Other nearby assets such as platform structure, piping at platform, pipelines at seabed and flowing wells at platform etc.

g. Dynamic loading

h. Towing operation

Preventive 1. Rig movement planning (onshore) including

route and site preparation survey, selection of

vehicles, cranes and lifting gear (such as wire

rope slings, lifting eye, lifting rope for mast

etc).

2. Electrical safety procedures including for

enroute overhead electrical lines.

3. Adherence to safe operating procedures

including driving practices. For detailed

guidance refer OISD-STD-187, OISD-GDN-

202, OISD-GDN-203, OISD-RP-205, OISD-

STD-216, and OISD-GDN-218.

4. Job safety analysis to address (refer OISD-

GDN-218):

Check and secure all objects (which can

fall) on the mast before raising / lowering

of mast

Use tag line

5. Rig movement planning (offshore) including

updated seabed survey, accurate field survey

data, location history, defined weather limits,

long term and short term weather forecast,

traffic survey, mooring analysis, review of

procedures - JSA / HAZOP, fit for purpose

equipment / towing vessel – requirements /

capabilities clearly defined, vessel meets the

required specifications / have fitness certificate

(class or other), limitations of vessel, breakout

limits and strategies defined, minimum

separations and distances defined, agreed and

adhered to, integrated communication, clear

roles and responsibilities, competent

personnel familiar with operations, water tight

integrity checks, rig loading plan, joint

emergency procedures etc.

6. Pre move meeting (for offshore) attended by

operator representative, rig contractor,

surveyor and other service providers.

7. Shut down of wells on platform (offshore)

during rig move and proper preloading



OISD-GDN- 232 51

– fitness of tug boat and anchor handling equipment, vessel collision

i. Lack of marine competence

j. Inadequate procedures

k. Man overboard

l. Coordination failure – communication failure, accountability not defined

guidelines to be adhered to.

8. Competent persons including crane operator,

trailer drivers, slingers, rig building crew,

supervisors, and marine competence for

MODU / towing vessel.

9. Working at height – use of fall prevention

devices, man overboard precautions for

offshore operations.

10. Safe handling of chemicals.

11. Use of specified PPE.

Mitigating

12. Emergency procedures should include

interfacing with contractors / service providers.

S. No.


4. Derrick floor Operations

During handling of tubular, occupational hazards due to:


b. Swinging pipe

c. Rolling / falling of tubular from pipe rack

d. Fall of object

e. Hit by moving object

f. Slip / trip of person at derrick floor

g. Fall of person from derrick floor / monkey board

h. Trapped in between moving objects

i. Pinch points at pipe, elevator

Preventive

1. For JSA refer Tubular Handling appraisal

procedure guidelines of IADC, drill floor safety

document of Step Change in Safety and

OISD-RP-190.

2. Use of body harness / safety belt

Mitigating

3. Emergency preparedness should include

medical facilities and medical evacuation

procedures.



OISD-GDN- 232 52

links, elevator and slip handles

j. Strain while lifting slips

During making / breaking a connection, Occupational hazards due to:

a. Swinging pipe

b. Pinch points at slip handles





g. Fall of object

h. Hit by moving object

k. Slip / trip of person at derrick floor


j. Chemical hazards due to splash of completion fluid



2. Adherence to safe operating procedures. For detailed guidance refer OISD–STD-187, OISD-RP-190.

Mitigating


During tripping, occupational hazards due to:


b. Swinging pipe




2. Adherence to safe operating procedures. For

detailed guidance refer OISD-STD-187, OISD-RP-190.

3. Ensure that „Crown-o-matic‟ / twin stop device is installed and working properly. (Regularly



OISD-GDN- 232 53




l. Fall of object

m. Hit by moving object

n. Slip at derrick floor

o. Fall of person including falling from mast ladder / monkey board

p. Trapped in between moving objects

q. Chemical hazards due to mud splash

1. Travelling block hitting the Crown block / derrick floor

2. Failure of hydromatic / eddy current brake

3. Failure of main

drum brake 4. Rotary movement,

in case rotary table is used to spin drill string

5. Uncontrolled flow of well fluid / blow out

check the device for effective functioning) 4. Inspection and maintenance of draw works

main drum brake, hydromatic / eddy current brake, tongs, slips, wire ropes, elevators etc.

5. Use of mechanical equipment such as pipe

spinner, automatic slips, pipe handling equipment, kelly spinner or top drive etc. to eliminate the occupational hazards.

6. Emergency Escape Device (EED). 7. Slip resistance surface at derrick floor. 8. Before breaking out Kelly, stop mud pump,

close mud saver valve on kelly, use mud bucket, use pipe wiper etc.

9. Fall prevention at monkey board and mast

ladder. 10. Competent personnel. 11. Keeping hole full during tripping; for details

refer OISD-RP-174. 12. Good housekeeping and use of specified PPE.

Mitigating


5. Cementation 1. Uncontrolled flow of well fluid / blow out during cementation operation


a. Chemical




equipment including cementing lines.

3. Operating within the pressure limit / provision of PSV.



OISD-GDN- 232 54

exposure / respiratory hazard

b. Mechanical hazard – moving / rotating equipment

c. Slip, trip and fall

d. Noise

e. Material handling, falling of material

3. Liquid at pressure

4. Securing high pressure lines. 5. Adherence to well control policy / procedures. 6. SOP and JSA

7. Competent personnel 8. Use of specified PPE

Mitigating


6. Perforation 1. Uncontrolled flow of well fluid / blow out during perforation operation

2. Occupational

hazards during handling of explosives due to:

a. Uncontrolled detonation / surface detonation

b. Explosion




3. SOP /JSA including procedures for handling well control situations.

4. For recommended practices refer OISD- STD-

183 and API-RP-67.

5. Only competent personnel to carry out job. 6. Procedures should include:

Switching off wireless communication equipment

Electrical isolation

Restricted operations

Monitoring equipment for stray currents

Protection for lightening

Proper gun design

Weather conditions

Adequate communication

Restricted work area 7. Use of specified PPE

Mitigating

8. Emergency preparedness.



OISD-GDN- 232 55

7. Well testing 1. Loss of containment due to:

a. Well equipment failure including packer

b. Testing equipment failure

c. Swabbing

d. Loss of completion fluid.

2. Loss of

containment leading to fire and explosion.

Preventive 1. Design of the equipment as per industry

standards.

2. Inspection, maintenance and testing of equipment.

3. Adherence to well control policy / procedures. 4. SOP / JSA

5. For recommended practices refer OISD- GDN-182 and API-RP-54.

6. Procedures should include:

Safe handling of well fluid considering flow restrictions, if any (due to separator capacity / flare capacity / pressure safety valve discharge capacity).


Mitigating



a. Unsafe equipment



2. Fire

Preventive

1. Effective grounding as per industry standards (refer OISD-STD-216)


3. Effective insulation 4. Equipment in protective environment meeting

area classification requirements. 5. Inspection of protective devices / tripping


6. SOP including:



Tag out / lock out to prevent accidental start


Interfacing of electrical lock out permit



OISD-GDN- 232 56

with cold / hot work permit 7. Trained competent personnel

8. Earth leakage protection device with sensitivity

< 30mA (for time < 1 sec) for all lighting and socket outlet circuits.

9. Use of specified PPE Mitigating 10. Emergency preparedness

9. Miscellaneous well servicing related activities

During handling of diesel fuels:

1. Loss of

containment

2. Fire

Preventive 1. Inspection / health check, maintenance and

testing of storage tanks and associated equipment including hoses / pipelines.

2. SOP should include safe receipt / unloading of diesel from tanker / vessel. For SOP and JSA refer OISD-STD-157 and OISD-STD-216.



5. Emergency preparedness should include:

Secondary containment

Fire fighting system

During handling of pressurised gas cylinders:

1. Loss of

containment

2. Explosion

Preventive 1. Inspection / health check of cylinders and gas

cutting equipment.

2. Safe storage of cylinders. 3. SOP and JSA 4. For recommended practices refer API-RP-54 Mitigating


For Lines under pressure: 1. Over pressure –

loss of containment

Preventive

1. Selection of vessels and pipeline of required pressure rating based on the design as per applicable industry standards.

2. Inspection (including periodic health check)



OISD-GDN- 232 57

and testing of lines. 3. Operating within design pressure envelope.

Provision of pressure safety valves at appropriate locations.

4. Inspection, calibration and testing of PSVs. 5. SOP and JSA 6. Ensure personnel stand clear of pressurized

lines during cementation / well control / testing procedures.





life jacket, life line / retractable line, tag line etc.

2. SOP / JSA

Mitigating


In case of objects overhead: 1. Fall of objects


2. Personnel should stay clear of suspended,

hoisted or moving loads.

3. Tag lines should be used, where appropriate.


Mitigating



2. Fire

Preventive 1. Safe welding area / hot work permit refer

OISD-STD-105

2. SOP / JSA 3. For recommended practices refer API-RP-54

or ANSI Z 49.



OISD-GDN- 232 58

4. Use of specified PPE (head to toe protection).


Mitigating

9. Emergency preparedness should include fire watch and fire protection.

In case of equipment with rotating or moving parts: 1. Pinch points at

power tongs, elevators and slips.

2. Unguarded moving parts of air winch, draw works.

3. Travelling block


2. Guards on moving parts 3. Competent personnel.


swinging loads



operations


equipment.

2. Permit to work / SOP / JSA

3. For recommended practices refer OISD-RP-205.


switches 5. Competent personnel (all crew - supervisor /

signal man / crane operator / rigger) 6. Pre-lift load inspections, pre-slung loads,

certified lifting gears. 7. Pre-planned load paths / use of tag lines. 8. Specified operations limit for rough weather. 9. Warning (signal / horn) during movement of

load. 10. Effective communication.



OISD-GDN- 232 59

11. Appropriate manning levels.


Mitigating



1. Strong winds

2. Heavy rains


from two independent sources / agencies. For offshore – weather reliable and functioning monitoring devices at the rig and watch keeping at bridge.




Mitigating


Health related:







Mitigating


Working in confined spaces:

Preventive 1. Work permit / SOP / JSA



OISD-GDN- 232 60

1. Hazardous gas / environment



105

3. Equipment required / respiratory protection and fall protection




of the rig

2. Loss of rig (hull) integrity

3. Loss of vessel

(supply vessel / tug boat) integrity

4. Structural damage

of the platform




3. Competent personnel at both vessel and rig to

manage interface. 4. Weather forecast.

Mitigating



2. Helicopter /

equipment failure 3. Pilot error 4. Obstruction in

landing / takeoff path


failure


operator) / JSA for helicopter operations at the rig.

2. Airworthiness of helicopter 3. Layout / orientation of rig - helideck 4. Competent personnel – helideck crew / HLO 5. Communication between helicopter and rig 6. Availability of weather forecast and weather

monitoring instruments at the rig.



OISD-GDN- 232 61

Mitigating

7. Emergency procedures should include interfacing with contractors / service providers, fire fighting system at helideck, provision of standby vessel and all personnel trained for HUET.

S. No.


10. Well stimulation operations


2. Occupational

hazards due to:



c. Noise


e. Fluid at pressure

Preventive 1. Job safety analysis / SOP refer OISD-GDN-

182 2. Inspection, maintenance and testing of

equipment 3. Competent personnel 4. MSDS / Use of specified PPE, safe handling

and disposal of chemicals 5. Mechanised handling of material 6. Good house keeping Mitigating 7. Emergency response preparedness

11. Coiled tubing operation


2. Occupational

hazards due to:



c. Noise



Preventive 1. Job safety analysis / SOP 2. Inspection, maintenance and testing of

equipment 3. Competent personnel 4. MSDS / Use of specified PPE, safe handling

and disposal of chemicals 5. Mechanised handling of material 6. Good house keeping 7. Well control procedures should include

handling of well control situations with coiled tubing equipment.

Mitigating


12. Nitrogen application


Preventive



OISD-GDN- 232 62

2. Occupational

hazards due to:

a. Cold burn


c. Noise



1. Job safety analysis / SOP 2. Competent personnel 3. Inspection, maintenance and testing of

equipment 4. MSDS / Use of specified PPE 5. Good house keeping 6. Insulation of cold surfaces / restricted area

Mitigating 7. Emergency response preparedness

13. Hot oil operations



a. Mechanical hazard of moving / rotating equipment

b. Noise

c. Material handling

d. Fluid at pressure

e. Burn

Preventive


2. refer OISD-182 3. Competent personnel 4. Inspection, maintenance and testing of

equipment


14. Wireline operations


a. Equipment failure

b. Failure of well material

c. Unsafe operation.

Preventive 1. Vehicles should be placed at safe distance.

2. Wire line assembly including BOP should be

installed and tested as per DGMS / OISD

guidelines.


4. Competent personnel, trained on well control

procedures for wire line system


equipment.

Mitigating




OISD-GDN- 232 63

15. Compressed air application



a. Mechanical hazard of moving / rotating equipment

b. Noise

c. Fluid at pressure

Preventive

1. Job safety analysis / SOP 2. Competent personnel 3. Inspection, maintenance and testing of

equipment 4. Use of specified PPE 5. Good house keeping


16. Offshore well servicing operations carried out by vessels

1. Loss of position of the vessel

2. Vessel collision leading to:

a. Structural damage of the platform

b. Loss of well integrity




3. Competent personnel at both vessel and

platform to manage interface. 4. Weather forecast. Mitigating 5. Emergency preparedness procedures should

include interfacing with contractors / service providers.



OISD-GDN- 232 64

17. Offshore well servicing operations carried out by modular rigs / platform rigs

1. Structural failure

2. Hazards (fire, noise, vibration) for personnel, living on the platform

3. Major collision of

rig move vessel (with dismantled modular rig parts on the boat deck) with other vessel in transit

Preventive 1. Evaluation of load bearing capacity of platform

structure on which modular rig is deployed.

2. Fit for purpose status of structures, rig equipment.

3. Pre-move meeting 4. Weather consideration during movement 5. Marine procedures during rig move 6. Safe location and design of living quarters. 7. Fire detection, suppression system and use of

fire retardant material. 8. Noise control and vibration monitoring. Mitigating 9. Emergency preparedness procedures should

include interfacing with contractors / service providers.

Documents

oisd-gdn-232