Objectives • SWBAT identify the origins of the industrial

revolution.• SWBAT identify how improvements in farming

methods would fuel the industrial revolution.• SWBAT identify how early Industrial

Revolution technological improvements gave rise to the textile industry.

Origins of the Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution – a period of increased output of goods made by machines and new inventions.

Industrialization – the process of developing machine production of goods. Development of industries on a wide scale.

Urbanization – Rapid growth of cities

Factors for industrial growth

Birth place of industrial revolution?middle 1700s in lowlands of eastern England and southern Scotland

Birthplace of Industrial Rev

Changes in Farming

Improvements in farming led to industrial Revolution

Landowners inspired by scientific rev. and enlightenment kept records of method used on land to compare harvests

1721 Jethro Tull invents seed drilla. Scientific farmer

Crop rotationa. Land wasted left to lie fallowb. Charles Townshend – change crop you

plant each year

Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill

Seed Drill

Jethro Tull, Scientific Farmer

Improved livestocka. Robert Bakewell – breed the best

animals to increase weight and taste of mutton (sheep)

Question – How might these improvements in farming help to “fuel” the industrial revolution about to take place?

Effects on population

Answer. More food to go around, fewer went hungry, nutrition improved, overall health better

Population growth helps fuel industry

Advances in Medicine a factor too

Edward Jenner invents smallpox vaccine.

Population doubles in Europe between 1750-1850.

Rise of Industry in Britain

1. Inventions change the textile industry

*New technology the key to advances in industry!

Flying shuttle1733 John Kay

Spinning Jenny1764 John Hargreaves

Water Frame1769 Richard Arkwright

Spinning Mule1779 Samuel Crompton

Water Frame & Spinning Mule to big for home use = leads to factories

1785 Edmund Cartwright invents “power loom” run by waterpower

All of these innovations increased production and demand

Most of England’s cotton came from southern US (VA, NC, SC, GA, etc.)a. Can’t keep up with demand

Power Loom

American Roots of Industrial Revolution

1793 Eli Whitney invents “cotton gin”

now enough cotton to keep factories running in England

Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney

• Profits per pound of cotton soared and with it the amount of cotton planted for harvest

• More slave labor brought over• Division between North and South grew• South land of slavery and farming• North land of free labor and industry

America’s First Factories

• Samuel Slater established America’s first successful textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, RI

Steam Engine changes everything

Power looms and other spinning machines ran on waterpower

Factory owners search for new power sources not so limiting

1785 - James Watt and Matthew Boulton improved steam engine (First used in London)

a. More practical for industrial useb. First time in history people had a source of power that

could be used anywhere and anytime due to Coal!

Steam Engine

James Watt

Honors students

• Check out the website on Watt and Boulton’s Steam Engine.