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Objective Evaluation of Skin Pressure Distribution of Graduated Elastic Compression Stockings. Presenter : Chung-Yi Chiu Advisior : Dr. Yi-chun Du Date : November 13 th. Liu R, Kwok YL, Li Y, Lao TT, Zhang X, Dai XQ. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Presenter : Chung-Yi Chiu
Advisior : Dr. Yi-chun Du
Date : November 13th
Objective Evaluation of Skin Pressure Distribution of Graduated
Elastic Compression Stockings
Liu R, Kwok YL, Li Y, Lao TT, Zhang X, Dai XQ
By the American Society for Dermatologic, IncDermatol Surg, VOL. 31, NO. 6, pp615-624 2005
OutlineOutline
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
112/04/212
IntroductionIntroduction(1/5)(1/5)
Varicose veins : enlarged, swollen, and tortuous veins.
Factor : Venous valves
Symptom :Edema 、 Fester
112/04/213WEDMD http://www.webmd.com/default.htm
IntroductionIntroduction(2/5)(2/5)
112/04/214
muscleSuperfical
vein
perforatorvein
Proximal
Distal
muscle
Superficalvein
perforatorvein
Proximal
Distal
Varices
muscleSuperfical
vein
perforatorvein
Proximal
Distal
muscle
Superficalvein
perforatorvein
Proximal
Distal
NormalA.
B.Valves OpenLower Venous Pressure
IntroductionIntroduction(3/5)(3/5)
Edinburgh40% men32% women
American60% of all women and men
Finland7%-18% men25%-32% women
112/04/215
IntroductionIntroduction(4/5)(4/5)
Graduated Elastic Compression stockngs (GCSs)
Compression therapy
Pressure gradient
Venous disorders
Relieve symptoms
112/04/216 Venacureevlt http://venacure-evlt.com/
IntroductionIntroduction(5/5)(5/5)
Graduated Elastic Compression stockngs
(GCSs)
Pressure level
Pressure distribution
Pressure gradient
112/04/217 Venacureevlt http://venacure-evlt.com/
Method(1/4)(1/4)
112/04/218
Pressure Level
Stocking Code mmHg Function
LightA1B1
10-1412-16
Prevent varicose veinsrelieve 、 heaviness and fatigue
MildA2B2
18.4-21.218-25
For curing mild varicosities,initial varices during pregnancy
ModerateA3B3
25.1-32.120-30
For moderate varicose veins, edema
StrongA4B4
36.4-46.530-40
For curing serious varicose veins,severe edema, leg ulcer, lymphedema
Method(2/4)(2/4)
Pressure sensors
Thickness 0.127mm
Diameter 9.525mm
Area 71.1mm2
Sampling frequency 10Hz
112/04/219 Tekscan http://www.tekscan.com/
Method(3/4)(3/4)
112/04/2110
Loading LevelsLoad, g
(on71 mm2)Pressure
(Pa=1N/m2)Voltage
1 0 0 0.0016
2 5 688.78 0.0064
3 15 2,066.35 0.1868
4 25 3,443.91 0.3015
5 35 4,4821.48 0.4813
6 45 6,199.04 0.7153
7 55 7,576.61 0.8703
Method(4/4)(4/4)
112/04/2111
Result(1/6)(1/6)
112/04/2112
Six healthy females
Age 33.33 ± 6.37 year
Height 159.67 ±4.71 cm
Weight 52.58± 5.04kg
BMI 20.48± 1.90 kg/m2
Result(2/6)(2/6)
112/04/2113
Result(3/6)(3/6)
112/04/2114
Result(4/6)(4/6)
112/04/2115
Result(5/6)(5/6)
112/04/2116
1600
2639
3812
5525
4665
3332
2866
1866
Result(6/6)(6/6)
112/04/2117
Discussion (1/3)(1/3)
112/04/2118
Proper pressure distribution and magnitude are very important for the wearing comfort and medical function of compression stockings.
Discussion (2/3)(2/3)
112/04/2119
Pressure GradientsNot all tested compression stockings
have the claimed pressure gradients.The human leg is an irregular
geometric object.
Discussion (3/3)(3/3)
112/04/2120
Pressure Levels and General Skin Pressurepressure levels at the ankle region,
whereas the pressures around the ankle were lower than those specified by the manufacturers, implying that the tested compression stockings may not provide effective support to the ankle region.
Conclusions (1/4)(1/4)
112/04/2121
1. The general pattern of pressure gradients of all GCSs is that the highest pressure was exerted on the ankle region and decreased up to the thigh. The pressure at the anterior side of the leg was significantly higher than that at the medial and lateral sides.
The measured pressure values were lower than the pressure values specified by the manufacturers.
Conclusions (2/4)(2/4)
112/04/2122
2. Pressure gradients, pressure levels, testing locations,and body shape have significant influences on skin pressure.
Conclusions (3/4)(3/4)
112/04/2123
3. Variations in the anatomic structure and body shapes of individual human legs are the main reasons for no ideal pressure gradient distribution and pressure level performance.
Conclusions (4/4)(4/4)
112/04/2124
4. The difference between measured and specified pressure values in this study could be largely accounted for by the use of different pressure sensors and testing model with different leg shapes and interface conditions, as well as the differences in anatomic dimensions between Chinese and European subjects.
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