MACROMOLECULES

Thursday, November 6th, 2014Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.

Objective: To describe the function of enzymes inside living things

Warmup: In a chemical reaction, what are the:

Reactants ?Products ?

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

MACROMOLECULESENZYMESComposed of chains of amino acid monomers with a three-dimensional shape that controls their function.

Act as biological catalyst they lower the amount of activation energy needed to start a reaction.I. Background

The lower the activation energy, the more products can be produced efficiently.I. Background

Friday, November 7th, 2014Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.

Objective: To describe the function of enzymes inside living things

Warmup: In a chemical reaction, what are the:

Reactants ?Products ?

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Friday, November 7th, 2014Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.

Objective: To describe the function of enzymes inside living things

Warmup:

1.) What elements make up:carbohydrates?lipids?proteins?enzymes?Period 3Enzymes are designed to work with one particular molecule because shape determines what molecules will work together.

I. Background

EnzymeCatalyzed (sped up) reaction

AmylaseHydrolysis of starch

MaltaseHydrolysis of maltose

SucraseHydrolysis of sucrose

CatalaseHydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide

*Enyzmes can often be identified by the suffix ase*

I. BackgroundII. How They Work

Key Terms:Substrate molecule to be acted on

Active site area of enzyme that fits with substrate

Enzyme-Substrate Complex substrate + active site of enzyme

II. How They Work

Key Points:

Enzymes themselves do not change shape or function while they speed up a reaction, unless they are denatured.

Enzymes are not used up during a reaction they can be used over and over again.

II. How They WorkTemperatureLow (0 C) = decreased kinetic energy of enzymes and substrates.Enzymes are inactive and dont move.No/few enzyme-substrate compounds are formed.Rate of reaction decreases.

III. Factors Affecting Enzyme ActivityTemperatureIncreasing (20 C) = increased kinetic energy of enzymes and substrates.Enzymes increase their movement. Increased enzyme-substrate compounds are formed.Rate of reaction increases.

III. Factors Affecting Enzyme ActivityTemperatureOptimal Temperature (for most enzymes ~37 C)Temperature at which the enzyme works bestRate of reaction is the highest

III. Factors Affecting Enzyme ActivityTemperatureBeyond Optimal Temperature (>60 C)Weak bonds within the enzymes are broken. Enzymes shape and function fall apart leading to a loss of function. This is called denaturation.

III. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

pHEnzymes work best within a narrow pH rangeEach enzyme works best at its optimum pH level

At extreme pH levels, enzymes lose their shape and function and become denatured.

III. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Enzymes- a fun introduction - YouTubeEnzymes help organisms byproviding energy.building proteins.packaging proteins.reducing the amount of activation energy required to start a reaction.

IV. Check Your UnderstandingIn a reaction that takes place in the presence of an enzyme, the substrate binds with the enzyme. Which statement best describes what happens to the enzyme as the substrate is converted to the product?It is denatured.It remains unchanged.It becomes part of the product.It becomes a part of the substrate.

IV. Check Your UnderstandingThe diagram below represents a human enzyme and four types of molecules present in a solution.

Which molecule would most likely react with the enzyme?

IV. Check Your Understanding

IV. Check Your UnderstandingThe graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes at different temperatures.

Which statement best describes what happens to the enzyme when the temperature of the reaction increases to 63C?The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops.The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the reaction.The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the reaction.The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction.