2. Page 2 OBJECTIVES Describe the different types of soft
tissue injuries Describe the principles of sterile dressing Explain
field care for various types of injuries Apply proper First Aid for
soft tissue injuries
3. Page 3 SCOPE INTRODUCTION TO WOUNDS TYPES OF SOFT TISSUE
INJURIES CLOSED WOUNDS OPEN WOUNDS PRINCIPLES OF STERILE DRESSING
FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT (PRACTICAL) CONCLUSION
4. Page 4 WHAT IS A WOUND? Types of wounds : Open Wound Closed
Wound A break in the continuity of soft tissue (flesh)
5. Page 5 CLOSED WOUNDS
6. Page 6 WARNING! The following slides contain (OR may
contain) pictures of shocking nature
7. Page 7 CONTUSION
8. Page 8 CONTUSION
9. Page 9 HEMATOMA
10. Page 10 OPEN WOUNDS Break in the skin Risk of infection
Open wounds can be classified according to the object that caused
the wound, and the severity of the wound. Some examples of open
wounds are: Small cuts / Grazes Incisions / Incised Wound
Lacerations Abrasions Penetration Wounds (Impaled Objects)
11. Page 11 Procedure for Treatment of Small Cuts and Grazes
Wash your hands thoroughly, and put on disposable gloves if
available. Apply pressure with a clean piece of cloth to stop the
bleeding If the wound is dirty, clean the wound by rinsing lightly
under running tap water The best way to remove superficial pieces
of glass or grit is with tweezers if you have them. Wipe away the
water with a piece of clean cloth/ tissue paper. Do not cough or
sneeze over the wound and avoid touching the wound directly. Apply
the plaster. If there is a special risk of infection, advise the
casualty to see a doctor.
12. Page 12 Pointers to take note of Use each plaster only
once. Store the plaster in a cool dry place. Do not use if package
is damaged. Do not use after expiry date.
13. Page 13 Pointers to take note of A cut might become
infected if it is not washed and cleaned. If the bleeding is severe
and cannot be stopped, send the victim to a doctor
immediately.
14. Page 14 ABRASION
15. Page 15 LACERATION
16. Page 16 INCISION
17. Page 17 AVULSION
18. Page 18 PARTS of FAD STERILE PADDING Shorter End Longer
End
19. Page 19 PRINCIPLES OF STERILE DRESSING
20. Page 20 PRINCIPLES OF STERILE DRESSING
21. Page 21
22. Page 22 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT PRIMARY DRESSING HEAD 1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. Use FAD 14/15. Place sterile pad on wound, apply firm
& direct pressure on it throughout procedure. Use FAD 14/15.
Place sterile pad on wound, apply firm & direct pressure on it
throughout procedure. The other side before the ear. Follow through
(slightly below chin), covering the rest of the sterile pad. (Do
not choke victim by tying too tight) Criss-cross the bandages when
pad is fully covered. Wrap the remaining bandage round his head
(above eyebrow). Make sure the bandage is wrapped by the crown of
the head Tie a reef knot at the top of the pad and tidy up the
dressing and twirl the ends together and tuck it underneath the
wrap. Tuck shorter side of the bandage behind ear.
23. Page 23 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT HEAD SECONDARY DRESSING 1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. Wrap round head, cross ends of bandage (at the back)
and tie a reef knot once theyre brought to the front. Tuck the
excess sheet beneath the wrap. Tuck the dressing in neatly.
24. Page 24 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT PRIMARY DRESSING SECONDARY
DRESSING EYE Cross method. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. Shorter side goes
above ear. Longer side below. Do not cover the other eye. Use FAD
13. Place sterile pad on wound, apply firm & direct pressure on
it throughout procedure. Use FAD 13. Place sterile pad on wound,
apply firm & direct pressure on it throughout procedure. Cover
both eyes to blind both sides so as not to aggravate the pain in
the injured eye
25. Page 25 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT PRIMARY DRESSING SHOULDER 7.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. Shorter end of bandage remains behind. Longer
end will be doing the wrapping. Wrap around sterile pad (front to
back, under the armpit) When sterile pad is firmly in place, wrap
the bandage across chest. And round to the back. Use FAD 15. Place
sterile pad on wound, apply firm & direct pressure on it
throughout procedure. Use FAD 15. Place sterile pad on wound, apply
firm & direct pressure on it throughout procedure. Tie a reef
knot directly onto the wounded area. Tuck ends of remaining bandage
in neatly. Avoid wrapping the shorter end of the dressing.
26. Page 26 SECONDARY DRESSING 1. Apex of triangular bandage
facing casualtys neck. Wrap bandage round upper arm. Secure bandage
in place with tying a reef knot. Tuck apex underneath tee shirt
(below the primary dressing). 2. 3. SHOULDER 1. 2. Immobilize
injured limb to prevent aggravation.
27. Page 27 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT PRIMARY DRESSING LEG 1. 2. 3.
4. Place FAD 15 on the wound. Wrap round the sterile padding with
the longer end of the bandage. Once sterile padding is covered, tie
a reef directly over the wounded area.
28. Page 28 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT SECONDARY DRESSING LEG 1. 2.
3. Using a broad bandage, wrap it over the FAD and tie a reef knot
on the wounded area (similar to FAD shown earlier)
29. Page 29 AMPUTATION
30. Page 30 AMPUTATION
31. Page 31 VICTIM Put on disposable gloves if possible. As
with other open wounds, the first aider should attempt haemorrhage
control for amputation with direct pressure and elevation. You
should avoid use of tourniquet if possible because the resultant
damage can interfere with the reimplantation attempts. Reassure the
victim. Raise the severed limp up. Apply sterile dressing ,or an
non-fluffy clean pad AMPUTATION FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT
32. Page 32 Amputated part: Put on glove and wrap the severed
part with plastic bag Wrap the package in gauze or soft fabric and
place in a container full of crushed ice Mark the container with
time of injury and casualty name . Pass the container to the
emergency personnel yourself. DO NOT allow the amputated part to
come into contact with moisture. AMPUTATION FIELD CARE
MANAGEMENT
33. Page 33
34. Page 34 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT PRIMARY DRESSING AMPUTATION
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Raise amputated limb to reduce blood loss. Place FAD
14 or 15 directly on the amputated limb. Wrap around the limb as
shown in the diagrams with the longer end of the bandage. Tie both
the shorter and the longer ends of the bandage.
35. Page 35 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT SECONDARY DRESSING AMPUTATION
1. 2. 3. If the bleeding cannot be stopped by the first layer of
FAD, add another layer of FAD on top of the first layer. Using a
broad triangular bandage wrap amputated limb. Twirl excess bandage
and tuck it into the wrap.
36. Page 36 IMPALED OBJECT
37. Page 37 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT
38. Page 38
39. Page 39 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT IMPALED OBJECT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. Unwrap 2 FAD 13 and place them upright- locking the impaled
object in position. 2 narrow-fold bandages to be looped in opposite
directions. Tie the ends of one bandage together with the ends of
the other bandage. Be wary of the impaled object- make sure it is
not being shifted when youre attending to it.
40. Page 40 EVISCERATION
41. Page 41 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT
42. Page 42
43. Page 43 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT Protruding Intestines
(Evisceration) Using a triangular (narrow) bandage make a ring pad
(donut shape) and place it round the protruding intestines. Place
FAD 15 on the wound. Wrap round the moistened sterile padding with
the longer end of the bandage. In supine position, knees have to be
bent to prevent the stretching/tensing of the intestines. PRIMARY
DRESSING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
44. Page 44 FIELD CARE MANAGEMENT Protruding Intestines
(Evisceration) Fold the triangular bandage into half, and wrap it
round the FAD. SECONDARY DRESSING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
45. Page 45 Ring Pad (Donut) Form a loop in the middle of the
triangular bandage Wrap both ends around the loop. Tuck in any
excess.
46. Page 46
47. Page 47 Question 1Question 1
48. Page 48 Question 2Question 2
49. Page 49 Conclusion It is important for trainees to be able
to differentiate the types of soft tissue injuries and to be able
to provide proper first aid dressing.