Obesity

precaution

o What o Whoo Why

solution

What• The terms "overweight" and "obesity" refer to a person's overall body weight and whether it's too high. Overweight is having extra body weight from muscle, bone, fat, and/or water. Obesity is having a high amount of extra body fat.• The most useful measure of overweight and obesity is body mass index (BMI). BMI is based on height and weight and is used for adults, children, and teens. For more information about BMI, go to "How Are Overweight and Obesity Diagnosed?"• Overview• Millions of Americans and people worldwide are overweight or obese. Being overweight or obese puts you at risk for many diseases and conditions. The more body fat that you have and the more you weigh, the more likely you are to develop:• Coronary heart disease (also called coronary artery disease)• High blood pressure• Type 2 diabetes• Gallstones• Breathing problems• Certain cancers• Your weight is the result of many factors. These factors include environment, family history and genetics, metabolism (the way your body changes food and oxygen into energy), behavior or habits, and more. You can't change some factors, such as family history. However, you can change other factors, such as your lifestyle habits.• You can take steps to prevent or treat overweight or obesity. Follow a healthy eating plan and keep your calorie needs in mind. Do physical activity regularly and try to limit the amount of time that you're inactive.• Weight-loss medicines and surgery also are options for some people who need to lose weight if lifestyle changes aren't enough.• Outlook• Reaching and staying at a healthy weight is a long-term challenge for people who are overweight or obese. But it also can be a chance to lower your risk of other serious health problems. With the right treatment and motivation, it's possible to lose weight and lower your long-term disease risk.• Obesity isn’t just a cosmetic problem; it’s very much a health problem as well. You may be reading this today because you are, or have been, very unhappy about your physical appearance.• However, losing weight isn’t just about looking good, it is about feeling good; it’s about being healthy and living a productive and comfortable life. Above all, it is about avoiding the terrible health consequences of carrying around excessive weight.• The growing evidence shows that if you are overweight you are more likely to develop health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, certain types of cancer, gout (joint pain caused by excess uric acid), and gallbladder disease. Being overweight can also cause problems such as sleep apnoea (interrupted breathing during

sleep) and osteoarthritis (wearing away of the joints); and the more overweight you are, the more likely you are to have these health problems.• In comparison, healthy and steady Weight Loss can help improve the harmful effects of being overweight. The latest studies show that by losing as little as 10 to 20 pounds you can dramatically improve your overall health status, whilst significantly diminishing your risk of • Heart Disease and Stroke• Heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death and disability for both men and women in the Western World. Overweight people are more likely to have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, than people who are not overweight. Very high blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (blood

fats) can also lead to heart disease and often are linked to obesity. Being overweight also contributes to angina (chest pain caused by decreased oxygen to the heart) and sudden death from heart disease or stroke without any signs or symptoms.• The good news is that losing a small amount of weight can reduce your chances of developing heart disease or a stroke. See dietitian, Juliette Kellow's Healthy Heart Dietfeature.• Reducing your weight by 10 percent can decrease your risk of developing heart disease by improving how your heart works, reducing your blood pressure, and reducing the levels of blood cholesterol and triglycerides.• Diabetes• Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) is the most common type of diabetes in the Western World. Type 2 diabetes reduces your body's ability to control blood sugar. It is a major cause of early death, heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, and blindness.• Statistically, overweight people are twice as likely to develop type 2 diabetes as people who are not overweight.• You can reduce your risk of developing this type of diabetes by both losing weight and by increasing your physical activity.• Furthermore, if you have type 2 diabetes, losing weight and becoming more physically active can help control your blood sugar levels. If you use medicine to control your blood sugar, Weight Loss and physical activity may make it possible for your family doctor to decrease the amount of medication you need.• Cancer• Several types of cancer are associated with obesity. In women, these include cancer of the uterus, gallbladder, cervix, ovary, breast, and colon. Overweight men are at greater risk of developing cancer of the colon, rectum, and prostate.• For some types of cancer, such as colon or breast, it is not clear whether the increased risk is due to the extra weight or to a high-fat and high-calorie diet, this, of course, being strongly associated with weight problems as a consequence.• Sleep Apnoea• Sleep apnoea is a serious condition that is closely associated with being overweight. The apnoea can cause a person to stop breathing for short periods during sleep and to snore heavily. As a further consequence, there may be daytime sleepiness and in extreme cases the onset of symptoms of heart failure. The risk for sleep apnoea

increases with higher body weights. Yet again, Weight Loss ultimately reverses this risk.• Osteoarthritis• Osteoarthritis is a common joint disorder that most often affects the joints in your knees, hips, and lower back.• Extra weight appears to increase the risk of osteoarthritis by placing extra pressure on these joints and wearing away the cartilage (tissue that cushions the joints) that normally protects them. Weight Loss can decrease stress on the knees, hips, and lower back and may improve the symptoms of osteoarthritis.• Gout• Gout is a joint disease caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid sometimes forms into solid stone or crystal masses that become deposited in the joints. Gout is more common in overweight people and the risk of developing the disorder increases in parallel with higher Body Weights.• Gallbladder Disease• Gallbladder disease and gallstones are more common if you are overweight, and your risk of the disease increases as your weight increases. It is not clear how being overweight may cause gallbladder disease but the association may be a consequence of changes in fat and cholesterol handling by the body leading to supersaturation of

bile.• Lowering Your Health Risks• If you are overweight, losing as little as 5 to 10 percent of your Body Weight may improve many of the problems linked to being overweight, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds and are considered overweight on the weight-for-height chart, you would need to lose 10 to 20 pounds. Even a

small Weight Loss can improve your health.• Slow and steady Weight Loss of no more than 1 pound per week is the safest way to lose weight. Very rapid Weight Loss can cause you to lose muscle rather than fat. Rapid Weight Loss also increases your risk of developing other problems, such as gallstones, gout, and nutrient deficiencies.• Making long-term changes in your eating and physical activity habits is the best way to lose weight and keep it off over time.

What?• Obesity is where you have high amounts of fat

stored in our body, as all the excess calories are saved as fat (adipose tissue) for future needs

• When Your BMI is 30 or more it’s considered as obese

(what BMI? Going to help explain later slides )

Who?Everyone, Specially you

Why specially you?•Personality representing

•Reputation

Why is it important? Leads to many diseases

The more overweight you are, the more likely you are to have these health problems.

One of the biggest problem where the world facing is

Childhood obesity

•Childhood obesity has more than tripled in the past 30 years.

•The percentage of children aged 6–11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 20% in2008

• Similarly, the percentage of adolescents aged 12–19 years who were obese increased from 5% to 18% over the same period.

•2008 more than one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA 30333, USA

•Heart disease•Stroke•Type 2 diabetes•Metabolic syndrome•Cancer (certain types )•Gout (joint pain caused by excess uric acid)•Swelling ankle•osteoarthritis•Gallbladder disease•Fatty liver disease•Sleep apnea (interrupted breathing during sleep)

Colombo General Hospital

How to measure body fat?BMI table (body mass index)

Height weight charts

Skin fold caliper

Height weight chart

Digital hand grip machine

Digital waging scale

Underweight = <18.5Normal weight = 18.5–24.9Overweight = 25–29.9

Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater

Table: Imperial BMI Formula

BMI =( lbs/inches² )

(weight in pounds x 703 ) —————————— height in inches²

Table: Metric BMI Formula

BMI =( kg/m² )

weight in kilograms————————————height in meters²

Skin fold measurement

According to Jackson and Pollock chart is recommended body fat %

Male 18%-20%

Female 22% - 24%

SolutionsFat burning pills

Liposuction suction

Magnetic belt

Slimming tea

Ultra sound devices

What’s the solution?????

• Well balance diet and

• Continuous exercise

Diet• have more vegetables and leaves, reducing

carbohydrates• Cut down on fast food and takeaways• small dinner rich in fiber• Don’t skip meals • Plan the week's family menus in advance and just

purchase those ingredients during a weekly shopping trip.

• Eat slowly and chew each bite completely to decrease your appetite

• Eat three small meals and two snacks daily instead of two or three huge meals.

• Avoid removing the skins of fruits and vegetables - most of the nutrients are concentrated just under the skin.

•Drink hot water with a squeeze of lemon before breakfast to get the metabolism going for the day, helps prevent constipation and is excellent for the skin

•Though difficult, try not eating 3 hours or more before bed time.

•Chilli helps to speed up metabolism - even the milder varieties.

•Omelettes can be made just using egg whites! A dramatic reduction in fat.

•Drinking hot water as apposed to cold water can increase the speed of your metabolism and burn more calories

Item Claimed benefit Advantages DisadvantagesRating

(Out/ 10)

Exercise bike Fitness/weight loss Convenient, functional, useful for obese and arthritics

Can get boring often poorly built 9

Treademills Fitness/weight loss Indoor use in cold climates, functional, maximal exercise

Expense, can get boring, can cause joint soreness

8.5

Rowing Machine Fitness/weight loss strength

Good all round exercise, uses upper body, not space consuming

Can be boring and expensive 8

Weights Strength/power Body/bulk/fitness

Versatility, able to vary programs, wide range of equipment, fitness and strength component

Danger if you use incorrectly, space, expense

8.5

Mini – Trampolines Fitness Novelty, less stress on weak joints of the lower limbs, not overly exerting for the less fit

Possible injury motivation over a prolonged period

5.5

Skipping Rope Fitness/weight loss Low cost, convenient Boring, possible joint injury 7

Sauna, Steam Bathsswirl pool

Weight loss/tension release

Relaxing Do not lose weight, dangerous for some, i.e. with heart deficiencies, high blood pressure, may cause infections, allergies

1

Passive exercise equipments (rollers, pads, electric caps, sauna suits, etc )

Weight loss Minor massage effect Some dangerous, e. g. in pregnancy : no effect on weights or fitness, almost totally useless

0.5

Thank YouThank You