Nutrisi Dan Mental

8/10/2019 Nutrisi Dan Mental

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Basic )rinci$!es

I* Unernutrition is t"e $ri#ar' cause o% t"e"ig" rates o% in%ant #orbiit' an #orta!it'in eve!o$ing countries

II* T"e co#bination o% inae+uate %oointa,e an e$rive %a#i!' environ#ent"as a evastating e%%ect on t"e gro&t"an eve!o$#ent o% a c"i!- es$ecia!!' on

"is inte!!ectua! eve!o$#entIII*Recent evience inicates a causa!

re!ations"i$ bet&een unernutrition an

e%icient #enta! %unction


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T"e E%%ects o% Unernutrition to

Brain /ro&t"

In #ost regions o% t"e brain- t"e tota! nu#ber o%ce!!s $resent in au!ts is !arge!' eter#ine b't"e en o% t"e %irst 'ear o% !i%e

0"en unernutrition is i#$ose uring t"e$ro!i%erative $"ase o% gro&t"- t"e rate o% ce!!ivision is s!o&e- t"e u!ti#ate nu#ber o% ce!!sreuce* This change is permanent*

T"e brain ce!! nu#ber can be reuce b' 1 to23 &"en it occurs uring t"e entire $erio o%!actation*


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T"e E%%ects o% Unernutrition to

Brain /ro&t"

De%iciencies in nutrients suc" as vit A- B4-%o!ic aci- 5inc- an #agnesiu# #a' a!soa%%ect eve!o$#ent o% t"e nervous s'ste#

I% it $ersists be'on 6 #ont"s o% age- t"esi5e o% ce!!s &i!! a!so be reuce* Tota!c"o!estero! or $"os$"o!i$i content is

reuce- "ence- t"e nu#ber or !engt" o%#'e!in s"eat"s is reuce* T"is !eas to aretare enritic branc"ing


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Unernutrition an Menta!

Deve!o$#ent

In stuies- t"e s$eci%ic e%%ects o%

unernutrition on brain eve!o$#ent in

"u#ans are inse$arab!e %ro# e%%ects o%

t"e environ#ent*

Ae+uate nutrition genera!!' is $art o% a

goo environ#ent an unernutrition

occurs $ri#ari!' in $oor an !i#iteenviron#ents


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Deve!o$#ent

Ear!' unernutrition in a e$rive

environ#ent inter%eres &it" subse+uent

!earning abi!it'

A#ong t"e $oor- a better nouris"e- ta!!er

ones genera!!' score "ig"er in I8 tests*

T"e !o&est I89s are usua!!' associate

&it" t"e $oorest $rior nutritiona! status


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Deve!o$#ent

)er%or#ance on $s'c"o!ogica! tests &as

%oun to be re!ate to ietar' $ractice an

not to i%%erences in $ersona! "'giene-

"ousing- cas" inco#e- cro$ inco#e-

$ro$ortion o% inco#e s$ent on %oo-

$arenta! eucation- or ot"er socia! or

econo#ic inicators*


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Deve!o$#ent

)er%or#ance o% bot" $resc"oo! an sc"oo!c"i!ren on t"e Ter#an an /ooenoug"ra&;a;#an tests &as $ositive!' corre!ate

&it" bo' &eig"ts an "eig"ts T"e #ost i#$ortant variab!e re%!ecte b'

t"e s"ort stature &as $oor nutrition uring

ear!' !i%e an t"at t"is a!so !e to t"e !ag ineve!o$#ent o% sensor' integrativeco#$etence


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Deve!o$#ent

T"e e


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Re"abi!itation %ro# Unernutrition

T"ere are inications t"at t"e e!eterious e%%ects

on eve!o$#ent o% ear!' unernutrition can be

reverse

0"en #a!nouris"e c"i!ren be%ore t"eir 2nbirt"a' "ave better $rognosis &"en t"e' are

$!ace in a goo nutrition an sti#u!ating

environ#ent

T"e &e!!;nouris"e an sti#u!ate c"i!ren "ave

t"e "ig"est !earning ca$acit'


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Re"abi!itation %ro# Unernutrition

)re!i#inar' resu!ts s"o& t"at t"e test

!eve!s o% t"e sti#u!ate unernouris"e

c"i!ren are "ig"er t"an t"ose o% t"e

c"i!ren %ro# t"e "ig"er socio;econo#ic

grou$ &"o &ere not sti#u!ate

Resu!ts s"o& t"at t"e &e!!;nouris"e an

sti#u!ate c"i!ren "ave t"e "ig"est!earning ca$acit'


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1(

T"e Re!ations"i$ bet&een

Brain >"e#ica!s an Nutrients


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1.

Introuction

Near!' 3 co#$ouns "ave been

iscovere to act as neurotrans#itter ?NT@

T"e abi!it' NT s'nt"esis e$ens u$on t"e

avai!abi!it' o% $recursor co#$ouns in iet

'nt"esis an re!ease o% NT can be

a!tere to so#e e


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A#ino Acis an Neurotrans#itter

Tr'$to$"anerotonin

Lecit"in >"o!ineAcet'!c"o!ine

T'rosinet"e >atec"o!a#ines


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Cita#ins an Trace Minera!s

erious e%iciencies o% t"ia#in- vita#in B4- B12-vita#in >- an %o!ic aci can a!so $rovo,e$s'c"iatric s'#$to#s

Mi! vita#in e%iciencies #ig"t cause so#ei#$air#ent o% brain %unction

T"e ,no&n #inera!s &"ic" e%icienc' #a' resu!ton brain an nerve %unction a#age are Ioine-Iron- inc- >o$$er- >a!ciu#- Manganese-

Magnesiu# 0"i!e "ig" !ea an #ercur' !eve!s resu!t in

centra! nervous s'ste# abnor#a!ities


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H'$eractivit' in >"i!ren

T"e use o% iet t"era$' to treat "'$eractivec"i!ren "as a!&a's been +uestionab!e

T"e Feingo! Diet $ro$ose t"at sa!ic'!ates-

arti%icia! %oo co!ors- an arti%icia! %!avors cause"'$eractivit'

In autistic c"i!ren- g!uten an casein cannot beigeste co#$!ete!' !eaving $e$ties t"at can

%unction as o$oi or eno#or$"in- "ence g!uten%ree an casein %ree iet is reco##ene %orautistic c"i!ren*


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H'$eractivit' in >"i!ren

>a%%eine "as been c!ai#e to cause

"'$eractivit' T"e trut" is ca%%eine

causes increase #otor activit' an

%igetiness in $re;ao!escent bo's

ugar consu#ing irect!' en"ances

serotonin $rouction- $reicting t"at sugar

#a' "ave ca!#ing e%%ect on c"i!ren-rat"er t"an being #ore "'$eractive


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1:

Ma!nutrition an Be"avior

0"i!e #ost !in,s bet&een iet an be"avior are

&ea,- t"ere is no +uestion t"at severe

#a!nutrition can "ave a signi%icant i#$act on

be"avior- $articu!ar!' in c"i!ren Ma!nouris"e c"i!ren ten to "ave i%%icu!ties in

!earning to s$ea,- in aa$tive an #otivationa!

be"avior- inter$ersona! re!ations"i$s- an

eve!o$#ent o% #otor s,i!!s


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Brea,%ast an c"oo! )er%or#ance

Far #ore subt!e are t"e !earning i%%icu!ties t"at

#a' or #a' not re!ate to %asting in sc"oo!;

c"i!ren

In genera!- it &as %oun t"at c"i!ren &"o atebrea,%ast $er%or#e better t"roug"t t"e #orning

on i%%erent #easures o% cognitive $er%or#ance

t"an t"ose &"o s,i$$e it

T"e o$ti#a! brea,%ast &as one t"at &as

ba!ance in $rotein- carbo"'rates- an %ats


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Meica! Nutrition T"era$'

%or )s'c"iatric >onitions


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Nutritiona! As$ects o% Brain an Nervous

'ste# tructure an Function

i


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2.

Eicosa$entaenoic Aci ?E)A@

Docosa"e


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O#ega;( Fatt' Acis

an Brain Function

DHA is t"e brain9s bui!ing b!oc,- $roviingstructure to neurons an is an anc"or$oint %or neurotrans#itter rece$tor

DHA a!so "as an antio


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Obtaining Ae+uate DHA an E)A

Obtaining an retaining DHA an E)A e$en

on ae+uate inta,e- as &e!! as i#$ortant !i%est'!e

an G#acro nutritiona! c"oices

It is o%ten &"at is eaten in additiontoDHA anE)A t"at eter#ines &"et"er overa!! essentia!

%att' aci !eve!s are ae+uate

T"e ai!' nees o% o#ega;( %att' acis

reco##ene b' IFAL is 223 #g eac" o%

bot" DHA an E)A*


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ource o% DHA an E)A

>urrent!' DHA an E)A are a$$earing in

%oos in %our i%%erent %or#s Men"aen-

Microenca$su!ate Fis" Oi! )o&er- DHA

an E)A )rouce b' Ot"er Livestoc, anMarine A!gae

It is i#$ortant to note t"at eggs an

#arine a!gae;base $roucts contain DHAon!'


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During In%anc'

One o% t"e #ost i#$ortant sources o% DHA

an E)A is #ot"er9s #i!,

Reuce ti#e s$en bet&een #ot"er an

babies "as reuce t"e avai!abi!it' o%

o#ega;( %att' acis to babies*

I#$ortant Note o#e bab' %or#u!as

contain on!' DHA as t"eir source is #arine

a!gae


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2:

During Au!t"oo

Long;c"ain %att' aci ?L>FA@ su$$!e#ents &i!!o%ten i#$rove e$ression an its re!ate$at"o!og'

T"e' s"ou! be use &it" vita#in Esu$$!e#entation to #a,e sure t"at t"e' are noto


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(3

Nutrition Reco##enations

/oa! 1 >onsu#$tion o% Dietar' DHA an

E)A

/oa! 2 Maintenance o% a Diet 0it" a Lo&

Tota! Dai!' O#ega;4 to O#ega;( Ratio

/oa! ( Avoiance o% Restrictive Diets t"at

Encourage Ra$i 0eig"t Loss

/oa! . Increase Antio


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(1

Nutrition in Eating Disorers


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(2

Eating Disorers

Inc!ues Anore


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Nutrition Re"abi!itation an

>ounse!ing

Nutrition re"abi!itation inc!ues nutrition

assess#ent- #eica! nutrition t"era$'

?MNT@- nutrition counse!ing- an nutrition

eucation

Nutrition assess#ent routine!' inc!ues a

iet "istor' an t"e assess#ent o%

bioc"e#ica!- #etabo!ic- anant"ro$o#etric inices o% nutrition status


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Diet Histor'

/uie!ines inc!ue assess#ent o% energ'

inta,e- #acro #icronutrient

consu#$tion- eating attitues be"aviors

BN Energ' inta,e #a' be un$reictab!e

Energ' e!i#ination b' vo#iting is be!o&

energ' consu#$tion

Man' AN $atients %o!!o& vegetarian iets


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Diet Histor'

Inae+uate ca!orie K !i#ite variet' K $oor%oo grou$ re$resentation inadequatevitamin and mineral consumption

Micronutrient inta,e $ara!!e!s#acronutrient inta,e ?%at %att' aci %atso!ub!e vita#ins@

E


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Eating Be"avior

)atients ten to regar %oos as

abso!ute!' Ggoo or abso!ute!' Gba

Deter#ine unusua! or ritua!istic be"aviors

Deter#ine #ea! s$acing an !engt" o%

ti#e a!!ocate %or a #ea!


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(7

Anore


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(6

Bu!i#ia Nervosa/oa!s o% Nutritiona! Re"abi!itation

Interru$tion o% t"e binge;an;$urge c'c!e

Restoration o% nor#a! eating be"avior

tabi!i5ation o% bo' &eig"t

>ognitive Be"avioura! T"era$'

T"e nutritionist9s ro!e is to "e!$ eve!o$ a

reasonab!e $!an o% contro!!e eating &"i!eassessing t"e $atient9s to!erance %or

structure


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Bu!i#ia NervosaEsti#ating Initia! >a!oric )rescri$tions

1* For a t'$ica! &ee,- as, $atient toesti#ate t"e nu#ber o% bingeJ$urge a's?BJ)@- bingeJnon$urge a's ?BJn)@-

#oerate;inta,e a's ?MI@- anrestraine;inta,e a's ?RI@

2* Have t"e $atient escribe a t'$ica! %ooon a BJ)- BJn)- MI- an RI a's

(* Esti#ate 3 o% t"e ca!oric inta,e on t"eBJ)- an 133 on t"e BJn)- MI- an RI


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.3

Bu!i#ia NervosaEsti#ating Initia! >a!oric )rescri$tions

.* >a!cu!ate t"e tota! ca!oric inta,e over t"e

7;a' $erio

* >a!cu!ate an average ai!' inta,e* T"e

RD can t"an %or#u!ate an initia! eating

an #ea! $!an base on t"is esti#ate

average ai!' inta,e


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/uie!ines %or Meica! Nutrition T"era$' %or AN

an BN

Fat 2;(3 $rovie source o% essentia! %att'acis

Protein 1;23- #ini#u# RDA in gJ,g

iea! bo' &eig"t "ig" bio!ogic va!e sources Carbohydrate 3; encourage inso!ub!e%iber %or treat#ent o% consti$ation

Mu!tivita#in;#inera! $re$aration to ensure

ae+uac'- $articu!ar!' in t"e initia! $"ase-es$ecia!!' ca!ciu#- iron an vita#in D


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.2

Nutrition Eucation

T"oug" $atients ten to "ave ,no&!egeabout %oo an nutrition- nutritioneucation is sti!! an essentia! co#$onent

o% t"e treat#ent $!an T"e $atients #a' receive %ro# unre!iab!e

sources or "ave istorte inter$retation

>"oose t"e in%or#ation care%u!!'- so#esource inicate a !o&;%at !o&;ca!orie inta,e?%or $reventing c"ronic isease@


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)rognosis

Relapse rates after weight restoration in AN is high,

Adolescents have better outcomes than adult, and

younger adolescents is better than older

adolescents

ortality rates in AN ! among the highest in

psychiatric illness half is caused by emaciation,

half to suicide "Palmer, #$$%&

AN women are #' times more li(ely to die than

women of similar ages in the general population

)N patients have a short*term success rate of +%*

-%, and a relapse rates of .%*/+

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Nutrisi Dan Mental