National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Biotechnology faculty

Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety department

“APPROVED “ Dean of faculty biotechnology_______________M.M. Dolya

«______» _______________ 2015

EDUCATIONAL-METHODICAL COMPLEX from discipline

BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (MICROBIOLOGY)

Direction of preparation 0514 BIOTECHNOLOGY speciality- 6.051401 – biotechnology Faculty of biotechnology

KYIV— 2015

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

Biotechnology faculty Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety department

"APPROVED”Dean of faculty biotechnology_______________ M.M. Dolya

«_____» _______________ 2015

WORKING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMdiscipline

BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (MICROBIOLOGY)

Direction of preparation - 0514 BIOTECHNOLOGY

Speciality –6.051401 – Biotechnology Chair code 10.02.05

Year 2Semester 3Week number 17Credit number 4,1lecture, hour. 34Laboratory work, hour 34Independent work, hour 55Report form test

KYIV— 2015

Working educational programe take down by senior lecturer Koshevsky I.I.on basis of standard educational programe for higher education establishment the ІІІ-ІV levels of accreditation from speciality 6.051401 “Biotechnology” confirm Main

Directorate of Ministry of education.

Index – 6.051401

Working educational programe to establish on sub-faculty Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety department

Minutes № 9 from 14 of May 2015

Head of a department I.I.Koshevsky

Confirm education- methodical council of faculty

” ___” ______________ 2015

MRS education- methodicalcouncil of faculty senior lecturer M.M. Dolya

1. Desсription of discipline BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (MICROBIOLOGY)

Branch of knowledge,training course,speciality, educational level

Discipline 0514 Biotechnology

Training course 6.051401-“ Biotechnology”

Speciality

Educational level EQL Bachelor

Characteristic of discipline

View Normative

Total number of hours 123

Number of ECTS credits 4,1

Number semantic modules 2

Course progect (work)(available in your curriculum)

-

Form of control test

Description of course for full-time

Year of training 2

Semester 3

Lecture 16

Practical, semenars -

Laboratory classes 30

Independent work 55

Individual task -

Number of weekly hours 4

Classroom 4

Independent works of students

3,5

2. Objectives of the course

The purpose of this course is to provide theoretical fundamentals of microbiology,

the study of the most important microbiological processes that occur in nature,

particularly in soil and in the processing of agricultural raw materials in order to

learn to deliberately control the activities of microorganisms for the benefit of man,

practically affect certain groups of bacteria for biological improve soil fertility

and crop productivity.

Objectives of the course is to build students' understanding of targeted regulation

of microbial processes in the soil, the main methods of quantifying and

determining the microflora of soil preparation to teach students methods of

microbiological analysis and processing of the results, to master the skills of

practical application of microbiological agents in plant protection and agriculture,

self- artificially created in the laboratory microbiological processes occurring in

nature.

A study of the course the student should know: morphology, taxonomy of microorganisms, metabolism, biochemical and

physiological properties and ecological niches involved in biogeochemical cycles;

essence of the most important microbiological processes occurring in the soil for growing of crops and contaminated with toxic substances soils;

importance of microorganisms in biotechnological industries.

be able to: Manage microbiological processes taking place in the soil and affect its

fertility; positive impact on the livelihoods of beneficial microorganisms in

agricultural crops and the production of various substances based on the industrial use of microorganisms;

apply knowledge of Microbiology in the development of measures to protect crops from fungal, bacterial and viral diseases.

3. PROGRAM OF DISCIPLINE

The science of microbiology is the study of microorganisms and their activities.

It is concerned with their form, structure, reproduction, physiology, metabolism

and identification. It includes the study of their distribution in nature, their

relationship to each other and to other living things, their beneficial and

detrimental effects on human being, and the physical and chemical changes they

make in their environment.

For the most part, microbiology deals with unicellular microscopic organisms. In

the so-cold higher forms of life, organisms are composed of many cells, which

constitute highly specialized tissues and organs to perform specific functions. In

unicellular organisms, all the life processes are performed in a single cell.

Regardless of the complexity of an organism, the cell is the true, basic unit of life.

All living organisms have the capacity to respond to, and often alter, their

environment. They are capable of autonomous movement, although in some forms

it is slight. In the process of reproducing themselves, living things maintain a

species identity, but they also have the potential to change to meet special

requirements for survival

The principles of biology can be demonstrated through the study of microbiology

because microorganisms have many characteristics which make them the ideal

model for investigation of the physiologic, genetic, and biochemical reactions that

are the basis of life. They can be conveniently grown in test tubes or flasks, thus

requiring less space and maintenance than large plants and animals. They grow

rapidly and reproduce at an unusually high rate; some species of bacteria undergo

almost 100 generations in a 24-h period. The metabolic processes of

microorganisms follow patterns that occur among higher plants and animals. For

example, yeasts utilize glucose in essentially the same manner as cells of

mammalian tissue do; the same system of enzymes is present in these diverse

organisms. The energy liberated during the breakdown of glucose is “trapped” and

made available for the work to be performed by the cells, such as bacteria, yeasts,

protozoa, or muscle cells.

Some microorganisms, the bacteria in particular, are able to utilize a great variety

of chemical substances as their energy source – substances ranging from simple

inorganic material to the complex organic substrates.

In microbiology we can study organisms in great detail and observe their life

processes while they actively metabolizing, growing, reproducing, aging and

dying. By modifying their environment we can alter metabolic activities, regulate

growth, and even change some detail of their genetic pattern - all without the

destroying the organism.

Microorganisms have a wider range of physiological and biochemical

potentialities than all other organisms combined. For example, some algae and

bacteria are able to utilize atmospheric nitrogen for the synthesis of proteins and

other complex organic nitrogenous compounds. Other species require inorganic or

organic nitrogen compounds as the initial building blocks for their nitrogenous

constituents. Some microorganisms synthesize all their vitamins, while other need

to be furnish vitamins. By reviewing the nutritional requirements of a large

collection of microorganisms, it is possible to arrange them from those with the

simplest to those with the most complex requirements.

In his presidential address to the Society of American Bacteriologists Selman

A.Waksman odserved:

There is no field of human endeavor, whether it bein industry or in agriculture, or

in the preparation of food or in connection with problems of shelter or clothing, or

in conservation of human and enimal health and the combating of disease, where

the microbe does not play an important and often dominant role.

The independent work is an important studying form ; it include complex of

individual semester tasks for knowledge control and methodological

recommendations to carry into qualified work.

Semester knowledge control are carry out with using module-rating system

during laboratory works and examination.

CONTESTModule 1. “Common microbiology”

The theme of lecture 1. The microbial world. What is a microbe? Prokaryotes

and eukaryotes. The importance of microbiology. Microbiology and

Biology, Groups of microorganisms, Kingdom Procaryotae after

Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology,

The theme of lecture 2. The evolutions of microbiology. Stage development of

microbiology. The work of Leeuwenhoek’s, M. Terechovsky, L. Pasteur,

E. Koch, D. Ivanovsky, S. Winogradsky and many others

microbiologists.

The theme of lecture 3. Characterization and Classification of Microorganisms.

Prokaryote Taxonomy, Principles of Nomenclature, Classification of

prokaryotes, Character used in prokaryote identification, Current

classification of prokaryotes, Scientific Names of bacteria.

The theme of lecture 4. The morphology and fine structure of bacteria. Prokaryote

cell structure. Structures external to the cell wall, Flagella, capsules,

fimbriae (pili), Structures internal to the cell wall: the cytoplasmic

membrane, mesosomes, the cytoplasm and ribosomes, nuclear material,

endospores. Other internal bacterial features.

The theme of lecture 5. The Archaea. Classification Comparison in the Bacteria

and the Eukaria, Biotechnology.

The theme of lecture 6. Fungi. The yeasts. Entry, History, Classification, Growth

and nutrition, Morphology, Reproduction, Uses in industrial production

of alcoholic beverages, wine, beer and others products.

The theme of lecture 7. Structure and organization of bacterial DNA. DNA

structure, DNA conformation, DNA measurement and description, DNA

packaging, Chromosomes.

The theme of lecture 8. Growth bacteria in the laboratory. Grows media,

Environmental conditions for grows ( temperature,oxygen concentration, pH

and water activity for grows).

The theme of lecture 9. Procariote growth and cell cycle. How bacteria grow,

Bacteria cell cycle, Rapid growth, the bacterial growth curve, Continuous culture.

Techniques used to study microorganisms.Counting bacteria.

The theme of lecture 10. Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall synthesis. The

Gram stain, Lipid bilayer, Cytoplasmic membrane, Transport across

membrane, The bacterial cell wall.

Module 2. Industrial microbiology

The theme of lecture 1. Bacterial movement and chemotaxis. Motility, Flagella

structure, Flagella movement, Chemotaxis.

The theme of lecture 2. Industrial uses of yeasts. Alcohole of fermentations,

Lactic acid productions. Heterotrophic pathways. High-energy

compounds, Glycolysis, Alternatives to glycolysis. Fermentation. Used

lactic acid in wide range of food and not food applications.

The theme of lecture 3. Vinegar productions. Biosynthetic pathways.

Carbohydrates, oxydation of the alcohole to acetic acid, Citric acid cycle

and respiration, Penicillin production. Amino acid productions.

The theme of lecture 4. Soil Microbiology. The microbiota of the soil: Bacteria,

Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Virus. The Rhizosphere, Proteolysis.

The theme of lecture 5. Amino acid degradation (Ammonification), Nitrification,

Reduction of nitrate to ammonia, Denitrification.

The theme of lecture 6. Fixation nitrogen. Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation,

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Morphology and life cycle of nodule bacteria. Nodule

formation by nonleguminous plants.

The theme of lecture 7.Transformation of the Carbon Dioxide, Transformation of

sulfur compounds, phosphorus compounds and other elements, Degradation of

pesticides.

The theme of lecture 8. Bacteriophage. Introduction. Structure, A typicalphage

of life cycle, lysogenic life cycle, Growth and assays for phage.

4. Structura of educational disciplineTitle Modules and themes Number of hours

total lec. lab.

1 2 3 4

Module 1. Common microbiology

The theme 1-3.The microbial world, evolutions of microbiology and classification of microorganisms.

8 2 4

The theme 4-6. The morphology and fine structure of bacteria, Archaea, Fungi: The Molds.

10 4 6

The theme 7-10. Growth bacteria in the laboratory, Procariote cell cycle, Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall synthesis.

12 4 6

Total number of hours by module 1 26 10 16

Module 2. Industrial microbiology

The theme 1-3. Bacterial movement and chemotaxis, Industrial uses of Yeasts, Alcochol, Lactic acid, Vinegar, productions, microorganisms, which take parts in this processes.

10 4 6

The theme 4-8. The Soil Microbiology 10 2 8

Total number of hours by module 2 20 6 14

Total number of hours 46 16 30

7. THE THEMES OF LABORATORY WORKS

1. Microbiological laboratory. Common rules for work in the microbial

laboratory. Laboratory equipment. The microscopic observations of

microorganisms. Blight-field microscopy. Preparations for light microscopy.

2. Distinguishing characteristics of Fungi. Wet-mount technique and handing-

drop preparations of fungi and actinomycetes (genus Mucor, Aspergillus,

Penicillium, Actinomyces).

3. The morphology and structure of bacteria. The general forms of bacteria.

Fixed, stained smears of bacteria (genus Pseudomonas, Sarcina,

Streptococcus, Bacillus, Bacterium). Methods of fixation. Use of oil-

immersion in light microscopy.

4. Simple and differential staining. Gram-staining technique. Relative

differences between gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

Gram-staining of the microorganisms of tooth fur.

5. Methods of sterilization. Moist- heat and dry-heat sterilization. Steam under

pressure sterilization. Autoclave, its structure. Practical procedure of

autoclaving. Chemical agents for disinfection.

6. Nutrition media. Ingredients of media. Solid and liquid media. Meat-peptone

agar preparation. Beef-extract preparation.

7. Lactic acid fermentation. Microorganisms of fermented milk (Bulgarian

milk, acidophilus milk, yogurt, kefir). Acid producers are present in milk

products.

8. Alcohol fermentation .Yeasts in the production of alcoholic beverages

(wine Saccharomyces ellipsoids, beer S. cerevisiae). Baker’s yeast.

9. Butyric acid fermentation and the role of bacteria genus Clostridium sp. in

this processes. Pathogenic clostridia and food spoiling processes.

10. Test control. Module 1

11.Soil microorganisms. Number determination of microorganisms in soil

sample. Serial-dilution technique of soil sample. Pour-plate techniques of

isolating pure culture.

12.Pure cultures and cultural characteristics of soil microorganisms (agar-plate

colonies, agar-streak growth, growth in nutrient broth, growth in gelatin

stabs).

13. Antibiotics. Determination of test-culture susceptibility to antibiotics

(penicillin, ampiox, streptomycin) by paper-disk-plate technique.

14.Plant antibiotics. Determination of antimicrobial activity of onion and garlic

by agar-block technique.

15.Bacterial fertilizers. Isolation of free nitrogen fixator (Azotobacter sp) and

symbiotic nitrogen fixator ( Rhizobium sp) in bacterial fertilizer sample.

Determination of quality of RIZOBIN.

16.Microbial means for plant protection. Determination of number of cells

(Bacillus thuringiensis) in bitoxybacillin by direct microscopy technique.

17. Test control. Module 2. 7. The Themes of laboratory work

N Title the themes Hours

1 The morphology and structure of bacteria, fungi. Simple and differential staining of bacteria

6

2 The Nutrition media. The Methods of sterilization, 4

3 Alcohol, Lactic acid, Butyric acid fermentation. 6

4 Soil microorganisms, Pure cultures and cultural characteristics of soil microorganisms

4

5 Bacterial fertilizers, Antibiotics, Microbial means for plant protection

10

Total number of hours 30

10. The methods of education

Explanatory- illustrative technique. Students acquire knowledge by listening to a

lecture on educational or instructional materials through electronic manual in the

finished forms. To obtaining the facts, conclusions they remain within the

reproductive thinking. This method is used to transfer large amount of data.

Reproductive method. Used in zastosuchvanni learned from sample or regulations.

Activity of the learner is algorithmic, ie conform, regulation, rule, similar to the

present sample situations.

Problem-based teaching method. Teacher before teaching material, poses the

problem, formulating cognitive task and then opening the system is proved by

comparing the views, shows how different approaches to solving the problem.

Students are like witnesses and accomplices in scientific research.

Heuristic method. The essence of which is to organize the active solver nominated

teacher cognitive tasks under the guidance of a teacher or based on heuristic

programs and guidelines. The process of thinking becomes productive nature, but

it gradually directs and supervises the teacher or the students on the basis of the

above programs and educational books. This method, one form of which is

heuristic conversation - a proven way to activate thinking, motivation to learning.

Research metod. After analysis of material production problems and tasks and

short oral or the written instruction of those who studed, self-study literature

sources, and measurements and perform other research actions. The initiative,

autonomy manifested in creativity research more full.

11. The methods of control

Rating of student from mastering of discipline is determined on a 100 ball scale. It consists of rating from educational work at the evaluation of which 70 marks target, and rating, from attestation (to examination) -30 marks. Every semantic module is also estimated on a 100 ball scale. By the form of control of knowledges from the semantic module 1 is implementation of calculation work from the calculation of ground connective device on transformer substation (a task is given out every student). Semantic module 2 estimated after by the results of defense of reports from laboratory works.On rating from educational work, in decision of department, rating from additional work can influence - to 20 marks, and penalty rating (with a negative sign) -to 5 marks.Rating of student from educational work RHpis determined after a formula

RHp=0 .7*( R (1) om + R (2) om) , bnnpllltn R„p - -3--- +Rflp-RuJTp n

where R(1)om, R(2)om - ratings estimations of 1th and 2th semantic modules on a 100-ball scale;Rip, RuiTp - rating from additional work and penalty rating.Students which collected from educational work 60 and more marks can not do examination, and get an examination estimation "Automatically", in accordance with the collected amount of marks, translated in a national estimation and estimation of ECTS. In such case rating of student from discipline of RflHc equals his rating from educational workНdisc.= Rh сIf a student wishes to promote rating and improved estimation from discipline, he must pass semester attestation - to make examination. Students, which for educational work collected less than, than 60 marks, must pass the examination. For admitting to attestation a student must collect less than 60 marks from every semantic module, but on the whole - not less than, 42 marks from educational work.Rating of student from attestation of RaT is determined on a 100-ball scale.Rating of student from discipline of Rune is calculated on a formulaRinc = RHp + 0,3 · RaTRating of student from discipline is translated in a national estimation and estimation of ECTS.

The scale of appreciate national and ECTS

Rating for disciplines,marks

ECTS mark

National mark

For examination, course work

for test

90 - 100 A FINE is excellent implementation only with the

negligible quantity of mistakes

accepted

82-89 В VERY WELL - higher middle level with a few mistakes

74-81 С WELL - in general correct work with the certain

amount of flagrant mistakes

66-73 D SATISFACTORILY - not bad, but with lots of failings

60-63 Е SUFFICIENTLY -implementation satisfies

minimum criteria

35-59 FX Unsatisfactorily-it is needed to work before to get a test

Unapplied with the

(positive mark) possibility of re-

assembly

01-34 F Unsatisfac torily-Serious further work is needed

Fail with obligatory re-learning courses

13. Methodologies

Scientific- methodological ensuring of teaching include: of state education

standards, curricula, training programs from all of normative and individual

teaching and research tasks, test papers, test and tests for electronic versions of

current and final evaluation, teaching materially for home task of students. optional

subjects, training programs, production and other practices, tutorials and chief aids,

instructional and teaching materials practical and laboratory works individual

teaching and research tasks, test papers, test and tests for electronic versions of

current and final evaluation, teaching material for home work of students.

14. The list of used literature

Main1. Пирог Т.П. Загальна мікробіологія: Підручник – Київ, НУХТ, 2004, 471с.

2. Мишустин Е.Н., Емцев В.Т. Микробиология. М.,”Колос” 1987. 367 с.

3. Medigan M.T., Martinko J.M/ Parker J ( 1997) Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 8 th Edn. Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River NJ.

4. Prescott L., Harley J.P. and Klein D.A. 91996) Microbiology, 3 rd Edn.Wm C. Brown Communication Inc., Dubuque, 1A.

5. Tortora G.J., Funke B.R.and Case C.L. (1998) Microbiology: An Introduction, 6 th End. The Benjamin- Cummings Publishing Co.,Redwood City, CA.6. Ainsworth, G.C. and P.H.A. Sneath Microbial Classification, Cambrige, New York,1962.

7. Charles H.P., and B.C.J.G. Knight (eds.) Organization and Control in Procariotic

and Eucariotic Cells, Cambridge, London, 1970.

8. Meadow P., and S.J. Pirt (eds) Microbial Growth, Cambridge, New York.1969.

9. Гусев М.В., Минеева Л.А. Микробиология. М., изд. МГУ, 1985 204 с.

10. Ежов Г.И. Руководство к практическим занятиям по сельскохозяйственной микробиологии и биохимии. М., Высшая школа, 1981, 86 с.

11. Кулік М.І. Практикум з мікробіології. Харків. 1984. ADDITIONAL12. Вершигора А.Е. и др. Общая микробиология. – Вища школа, 1988.

13. Громов Б.В. Строение бактерий.- Л.: Изд-во ЛГУ, 1985 – 185 с.

14. Стейнер Р., Эденберг Є., Ингрем Д. Мир микробов / Пер. с английского.- Мир, 1979.- т. 1-3.

15. Андреюк К., Іутинська Г.О., Антипчук А.Ф. та ін. Функціонування мікробних ценозів грунту в умовах антропогенного навантаження.- К.: Обереги, 2001.- 192 с.

16. Пирог Т.П. Загальна мікробіологія: Підручник – Київ, НУХТ, 2004, 471с.

17. Мишустин Е.Н., Емцев В.Т. Микробиология. М.,”Колос” 1987. 367 с.

17.Векірчик К.М. Мікробіологія з основами вірусології: Підручник.-К: Либідь, 2001. 312 с. 18. Koshevsky I., Kanarsky E. Bacteria and Fungi. Educational publication. Methodical instructions for carrying out laboratory work on general microbiology for the students of biotechnological specialities. Kyiv, 2012, 36 p.

15. Questions for control

1. Define the following terms: resolving power, numerical aperture, anionic

dye, cationic dye.

2. What are the usual magnifications obtainable with light microscopes?

3. Distinguish between simple and differential staining procedure.

4. What is the function of oil when used with oil-immersion odjective?

5. Why is the gram stain one of the most important and widely used stains in

bacteriology?

6. Give some reasons why microorganisms have a wider range of physiological

and biochemical potentialities than all other organisms combine.

7. Discuss the differences between procariotic and eucaryortic cell under the

foloowing topics: (a) Genetic system; (b) cytoplasmic nature and structure;

(c) outer cell structures.

8. What is meant by pure-culture concept? Why should we not always study

microorganisms in pure culture?

9. Summarize the developments that led to the establishment of bacteriology as

a science.

10.What are the usual morphological types of bacteria classified in the order

Eubacteriales?

11.Draw a typical bacterial cell and identify all parts.

12.Compare the chemistry and function of bacterial pili and flagella.

13.Is endospores formation in bacteria a method of reproduction or a means of

multiplication, or other?

14.Are the position and size of the endospores in a vegetative cell of value for

identification of a bacterium? Supplement your answer with specific

examples.

15.What is the relationship between protoplasts, spheroplasts, and L-forms of

bacteria?

16.How does the term growth as used in bacteriology differ from the same term

as applied to higher plants and animal?

17.Name and describe three methods of reproduction which may occur in

bacteria.

18.A fresh medium is inoculated with bacterial cells. Describe the sequence of

events that follows.

19.Draw a typical bacterial growth curve and label the various phases.

20.At what stage of the bacterial growth curve do the cells increase markedly in

size? Explain.

21.Compare the direct and indirect methods for estimating bacterial population

on the basis of (a) practical applications, (b) advantages, and (c) limitation of

use.

22.Distinguish between the meanings of the term pure culture, mixed culture.

23.Give several reasons why industrial companies maintain large culture

collections.

24.What general features should be observed in establishing the colonial

characteristics of a species?

25.Outline a laboratory procedure for isolating bacteria capable of digesting

cellulose.

26.List the conditions that influence the microbial population of soil.

27.If a soil sample is plated on nutrient agar, will the resulting colony count be

indicative of a total microbial population? Explain.

28.What is meant by the term mineralization? Give any example.

29.How may the process of nitrogen fixation be determined experimentally?

30.What changes do soil microorganisms cause on phosphorus and phosphorus

compounds?

Form №H-5.05National University of life and environmental Sciences of UkraineFaculty BiotecnologyEducational – Qalificational level BachelorSemester, course 3 Semester 2 course Educational Subject Basis Microbiology and virology ıı (microbiology) Confirm on department Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety Minutes № 9 from 14 of May 2013 Head of a department Koshevsky I.I. Examiner Koshevsky I.I. Ticket № 1

Question 1. Call bacteria whose coloni show on picture

Question 8. Exspozition of colouring of bacterial cell by methylen blue ist, min

word 1 1

2 3

3 5

4 7

5 9

Question 2 What bacteria has the more active ability for transformation of urea in the soil

. Question 9.Basis morphological peculiarity of procariote is

1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 Rod form

2 Sporosarcina uerae 2 Endospore forming

3 Pseudomonas fluorescens 3 Have capsule

4 Azotobacter agilis 4 Absence of nuclear

5 Beggiatoria alba 5 Movement

Question 3. What is a toxical substance forming at destraction of amino acids

. Question 10 What is the difference between bacillus and bacteria ?

1 Alcochol 1 Presence of flagella

2 Indol 2 The form of flagella

3 Scatol 3 Reproduction

4 Ammonia 4 Presence of endospore

5 Cadaverin 5 Presence of nucleous

Question 4. Explainwhy some species of cocci appear as chains A ? but others appear

Question 11What generalizations can be

incuboidal forms B..? made whith respect to A morphology and

1 Monococcus 1 Spore formation

2 Tetracoccus 2 motility

3 Sarcina 3 Gram reactions

4 Streptococcus

5 Diplococcus

Question 5.In what compound of cell the sulphur is present

Question 12 Main structure elements of proteini are

1 Alanin 1 Phosphoruc acids

2 Metionin 2 Benzoic acid

3 Prolin 3 Amino acids

4 Arginin 4 АТP

5 Valin 5 DNA

Question 6 Reducing sulphur by microorganisms to substance

Question 13 The role of nucleoid in bacterial cel, for

1 FeS 1 Rest

2 H2S 2 Herediti

3 Na2SO4 3 Reproduction

4 K2SO4 4 Germination

5 (NH4)2SO4 5 Moving

Question 7 Bacteria has ability for perfoming phosphorus very well.

Question 14 What is the morphological group of staphylococcus

1 Micrococcus ureae 1 Rodlike

2 Sporosarcina ureae 2 Spiral

3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3 Spherical

4 Bacillus megaterium 4 Bacillus

5 Bacillus polymyxa 5 Helical

Question 15 Phosphorus in cells compositions Question 16 Function of pili in bacterial cell

1 Fimbriae 1 Germination

2 Flagella 2 Movement

3 Nucleous acid 3 Rest

4 Basal body 4 Conjgation

5 membrane 5 Vitamines

Question 17 Where is sulphur in the cell

Question 24 What is the cytoplasme

1 Ascorbic acid 1 Nuclear substance

2 Tiamin 2 Compositions of cell

3 pectin 3 enzimes

4 Vitamines 4 Vitamines

5 Auxins 5 Proteines

Question 18 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans – consist to morphologicalgroup of bacteria

Question 25 Compositions of nuclear substance

1 Sarcine 1 Proteines

2 Diplococcus 2 Benzoic acid

3 Rodlike 3 Peptones

4 Streptococcus 4 Vitamines

5 Spiral 5 Nucleous acid

Question 19 Give characteristics of streptococcus.

Question 26 What bacteria have the comma form ?

1 Singular 1 Vibrions

2 Plural 2 Sarcine

3 In pairs 3 Streptococcus

4 Spiral 4 Spiral

5 In chains 5 Streptococcus

Question 20. Who is the first investigate bacteria from genera Rhizobium

Question 27 How much vinegar we can resive from 1 L grape vine

1 Omelyansky 1 600 г

2 Koch 2 500 г

3 Paster 3 200 г

4 Voronin 4 400 г

5 Bejerinc 5 100 г

Question 21 When bacteria penetrate in tissue and forme nodules, what is it

. Question 28 How many flagellum have monoflagella

1 Resistance 1 Two

2 Comensalizm 2 Three

3 Virulence 3 Four

4 Metabolizm 4 Five

5 Amensalizm 5 One

Question 22 What structure in bacterial cell forme proteine

Question 29 Main bacteria which may productions of antibiotics

1 Nucleois 1 Streptomyces spp.

2 Ribosome 2 Azotobacter spp.

3 Membrane 3 Penicillium spp.

4 Flagella 4 Aspergillus spp.

5 Plasmida 5 Pseudomonas spp.

Question 23 Call the science which study algae

Question 30 Main function the spore of fungi

1 Entomology 1 Movement

2 Phytopathology 2 Conjgation

3 Virology 3 Germination

4 Algology 4 Rest

5 Mycology 5 Protection

Form №H-5.05National University of life and environmental Sciences of UkraineFaculty BiotecnologyEducational – Qalificational Level BachelorSemester, course 3 Semester 2 course Educational Subject Basis Microbiology and virology ıı (microbiology) Confirm on department Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety Minutes № 9 from 14 of May 2013 Head of a department Koshevsky I.I. Examiner Koshevsky I.I. Ticket № 3

Question 1. Call what is it A…? What bacteria ?

Question 8. Exspozition of colouring of bacterial cell by methylen blue ist, min

1 Ccoloni 1 1

2 Cace 2 3

3 Stafilococcus 3 7

4 Sarcina 4 5

5 Escherichia 5 2

Question 2 What bacteria has the more active ability for transformation of urea in the soil

Question 9.Basis morphological peculiarity of procariote is

1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 Rod form

2 Pseudomonas fluorescens 2 Endospore forming

3 Sporosarcina uerae 3 Have capsule

4 Azotobacter agilis 4 Movement

5 Beggiatoria alba 5 Absence of nuclear

Question 3. What is a toxical substance forming at destraction of amino acids

Question 10 What is the difference between bacillus and bacteria ?

1 Cadaverin 1 Presence of flagella

2 Indol 2 The form of flagella

3 Scatol 3 Reproduction

4 Ammonia 4 Presence of nucleous

5 Alcochol 5 Presence of endospore

Question 4. What enzymes has ability for destroying of nuclear acids

Question 11 Function of volutiin, sulphur in bacterial cells is

1 Hydrolase 1 Protein synthese

2 Ribonuclease 2 Catalist

3 Polyphenoloxidase 3 Vitamines

4 Urease 4 Reserve elements

5 Peroxidase 5 Proteines

Question 5.In what compound of cell the sulphur is present

Question 12 Main structure elements of proteini are

1 Alanin 1 Phosphoruc acids

2 Prolin 2 Benzoic acid

3 Metionin 3 АТP

4 Arginin 4 Amino acids

5 Valin 5 DNA

Question 6 Reducing sulphur by microorganisms to substance

Question 13 The role of nucleoid in bacterial cel, for

1 FeS 1 Rest

2 Na2SO4 2 Reproduction

3 H2S 3 Herediti

4 K2SO4 4 Germination

5 (NH4)2SO4 5 Moving

Question 7 Bacteria has ability for perfoming phosphorus very well.

Question 14 What is the morphological group of staphylococcus

1 Micrococcus ureae 1 Rodlike

2 Sporosarcina ureae 2 Spiral

3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3 Bacillus

4 Bacillus polymyxa 4 Spherical

5 Bacillus megaterium 5 Helical

Question 15 Phosphorus in cells compositions Question 16 Function of pili in bacterial cell

1 Fimbriae 1 Germination

2 Flagella 2 Movement

3 Basal body 3 Rest

4 Nucleous acid 4 Vitamines C

5 membrane 5 Conjugation

. Question 17 Where is sulphur in the cell

. Question 24 What is the cytoplasme

1 Ascorbic acid 1 Nuclear substance

2 Pectin 2 Enzymes

3 Tiamin 3 Compositions of cell

4 Vitamines 4 Vitamines

5 Auxins 5 Proteines

Question 18 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans – consist to morphologicalgroup of bacteria

Question 25 Compositions of nuclear substance

1 Sarcine 1 Nucleous acid

2 Diplococcus 2 Benzoic acid

3 Rodlike 3 Peptones

4 Streptococcus 4 Vitamines

5 Spiral 5 Proteines

Question 19 Give characteristics of streptococcus.

Question 26 What bacteria have the comma form ?

1 In chains 1 Sarcine

2 Plural 2 Vibrions

3 In pairs 3 Streptococcus

4 Spiral 4 Spiral

5 Singular 5 Streptococcus

Question 20. Who is the first investigate bacteria from genera Rhizobium

Question 27 How much vinegar we can resive from 1 L grape vine

1 Bejerinc 1 600 г

2 Koch 2 500 г

3 Paster 3 200 г

4 Voronin 4 400 г

5 Omelyansky 5 100 г

Question 21 When bacteria penetrate in tissue and forme nodules, what is it

Question 28 How many flagellum have monoflagella

1 Resistance 1 Two

2 Comensalizm 2 Three

3 Metabolizm 3 Five

4 Virulence 4 Four

5 Amensalizm 5 One

Question 22 What structure in bacterial cell forme proteine

. Question 29 Main bacteria which may productions of antibiotics

1 Nucleois 1 Azotobacter spp

2 Membrane 2 . Streptomyces spp.

3 Ribosome 3 Penicillium spp.

4 Flagella 4 Aspergillus spp.

5 Plasmida 5 Pseudomonas spp.

Question 23 Call the science which study algae

. Question 30 Main function of spore of fungi

1 Entomology 1 Movement

2 Phytopathology 2 Conjgation

3 Virology 3 Rest

4 Mycology 4 Germination

5 Algology 5 Protection

National University of Life Ф-7.5-2.1.8-04and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine The structurally- logical scheme

of discipline BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (microbiology)

Discepline and its parts, which are using knowledge of this discipline Module 1 Module 2

І І I I І І І І І І I I

Biotechnology,

Production; amino-acids, yeasts,lactic acid, vinegar, bear,citric acid, vine, antibiotics, lysine,

Plant protection,bacteri

al pesticide, antibiotics,

resistance and immunity,infections diseases of plants.

Ecologymutualism, commen-salisms, antagonism,parasitism, microbialinteractions as naturalphenomena in ecosystems.

Agricultural

science:transformation of nitrogen and carbone compounds, sulfate, cellulose, pesticides,phosphorus,

І І І І

Ф-7.5-2.1.8-05 National University of Life "CONFIRM”and Environmental Sciences Dean of faculty biotechnology of Ukraine ________Ju.V.Kolomiets

CALENDAR PLANE EDUCATIONAL «_____» _______________ 2013 WORK from discipline BASIS Lecturer sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I. MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı Week number 17 ( MICROBIOLOGY) Lecture, hour 34 Direction 0514 – biotechnology Laboratory work, hour 34 Speciality –6.051401 – biotechnology Independent work, hour 55 3 Semester Total number of hours 1232013-2014

Month

Week

Lecture Hour

Laboratory work Hour

Module 1

1 1 The microbial world. What is a microbe?

evolution of microbiology, importance of microbiology, methods microbial.

2 The microscopic, methods observations microorganism by microscope

4

1 2 Classification of microorganisms:Current classification of prokaryotes, fungus, micoplasms

4 The general forms of bacteria. fixed, stained smears of bacteria Methods of fixation microorganisms.

2

1 3 The morphology and fine structure of bacteria, endospore in the cell.

2 Simple and differential staining. Gram-staining technique.

2

1 4 Procariote growth and cell cycle, rapid growth, the bacterial growth curve, continuous culture

2 The morphology and structure of bacteria. (coccus, rods, sarcina, streptococcus, staphylococcus

4

2 56 Heterotrophic pathways Citric acid cycle and

respiration, fermentation

Biosyntheticpathways. arbohydrates, Amino acids,

Nucleic acids, Lipids.

4 Oral examination 2

2 78 Structure and organization of DNA conformation, DNA measurement and description, Chromosome RNA molecules in the cell. Structure of RNA

4 Pure cultures and cultural charac-teristics of soil microorganisms (agar-plate colonies, agar-streak growth, growth in nutrient

4

Catalytic RNA molecules. broth, growth in gelatin stabs).

Module 2

3 1 The Archaea. Comparison in the Bacteria and the Eukaria,

Biotech-nology.

2 Methods of sterilization. Moist- heat and dry-heat sterilization

2

3 2 Bacterial movement and chemotaxis. Motility, Flagella structure, Flagella movement, Chemotaxis

2 Nutrition media. Ingredients of media. Solid and liquid media. Meat-peptone agar preparation. Beef-extract preparation.

2

3 3 Growth in the laboratory. Growth media. Solid and liquid media. Ingre-dients of media.

2 Lactic acid fermentation. Microorga-nisms of fermented milk (Bulgarian milk, acidophilus milk, yogurt, kefir). Acid producers are present in milk products.

4

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 4 Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall synthesis, The Gram stain, Lipid bilayer, Cytoplasmic membrane, Transport across membrane, The bacterial cell wall.

2 Butyric acid fermentation and the role of bacteria genus Clostridium sp. in this processes. Pathogenic clostridia and food spoiling processes.

2

4 1 Bacteriophage, structure, life cycle, lysogenic life cycle.

2 Alcohol fermentation .Yeasts in the production of alcoholic beverages (wine Saccharomyces ellipsoids, beer S. cerevisiae). Baker’s yeast.

2

4 234

Soil Microbiology. The microbiota of the soil: Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Virus. The Rhizosphere, Proteolysis,

Amino acid degradation

6 Soil microorganisms. Number

determination of microorganisms in

soil Oral examination

4

Lecturer sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I.

Results of controle calendar plan Head of a department I.I. . Koshevsky

Ф-7.5-2.1.8-05 National University of Life "CONFIRM”

and Environmental Sciences Dean of faculty biotechnology of Ukraine ________Ju.V.KolomietsCALENDAR PLANE EDUCATIONAL «_____» _______________ 2013 WORK for extra-mural student EQL Bachelor Lecturer sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I.from discipline BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı Week number ( MICROBIOLOGY) Lecture, hour 6 Direction 0514 – biotechnology Laboratory work, hour 6 Speciality –6.051401 – biotechnology Independent work, hour 120

3 Semester Total number of hours 1322013-2014

Week

Lecture Hour

Laboratory work Hour

Module 1

1 The microbial world. What is a microbe?

evolution of microbiology, importance of microbiology, methods microbial.

0,5 The microscopic, methods observations microorganism by microscope

0,5

2 Classification of microorganisms:Current classification of prokaryotes, fungus, micoplasms

1 The general forms of bacteria. fixed, stained smears of bacteria Methods of fixation microorganisms.

0,5

3 The morphology and fine structure of bacteria, endospore in the cell.

0,5 Simple and differential staining. Gram-staining technique.

1

4 Procariote growth and cell cycle, rapid growth, the bacterial growth curve, continuous culture

0,5

The morphology and structure of bacteria. (coccus, rods, sarcina, streptococcus, staphylococcus

0,5

Module 2

1 Bacterial movement and chemotaxis. Motility, Flagella structure, Flagella movement, Chemotaxis

1 Nutrition media. Ingredients of media. Solid and liquid media. Meat-peptone agar preparation. Beef-extract preparation.

0,5

2 Growth in the laboratory. Growth media. Solid and liquid media. Ingre-dients of media.

1 Lactic acid fermentation. Microorga-nisms of fermented milk (Bulgarian milk, acidophilus milk, yogurt, kefir). Acid producers are present in milk products.

1

3 Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall synthesis, The Gram stain, Lipid bilayer, Cytoplasmic membrane, Transport across

0, Butyric acid fermentation and the role of bacteria genus Clostridium sp. in this processes. Pathogenic

0,5

membrane, The bacterial cell wall.Bacteriophage, structure, life cycle, lysogenic life cycle.

clostridia and food spoiling processes.

Alcohol fermentation .Yeasts in the production of alcoholic beverages (wine Saccharomyces ellipsoids, beer S. cerevisiae). Baker’s yeast.

0,5

4 Soil Microbiology. The microbiota of the soil: Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Virus. The Rhizosphere, Proteolysis,

Amino acid degradation

1 Soil microorganisms.

Number determination of microorganisms

in soil Oral examination

1

Lecturer sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I.

Results of controle calendar plan Head of a department I.I. . Koshevsky

Ф-7.5-2.1.8-0.3

The reportCoordination of the working program of discipline “basis microbiology and

virology” whis others disciplines (speciality) 6.092 900 “ biotechnology”

Discipline and

its section

s, which preced

eStudying of the given discipline

Surname,the initials, scientific degree and academic status of the teacher which

teaches the previous discipline

The

signature

Discipline and its

sections, in which materials

of the given

discipline are used

Surname,the initials, scientific degree and academic status of the teacher which

teaches the following discipline

The signatur

e

Botany

Prof. Jacubenko B.E.

Ecology of microorganisms

Doc.Fedelesh M.I.

Cell biolog

y

Doc. Marchenko O. A.

Phytopatho

logy

Doc. Antonenko

A.F.

Bioche-mistry

Doc Boyko O.L

Agricultural science

Prof. Balaev A.D.