NT&EC Session 1 d.punia

8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 1 d.punia

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-1-dpunia 1/22

Networking Technologiesand E-Commerce

Dr. Devendra Kumar Punia

[email protected]://www.linkedin.com/in/devendrakpunia/



Course outline

Objectives

Introduce ma jor concepts of data communication,networking, LAN, WAN, Wireless LAN, Mobilecomputing, Internet, Intranet

Explain functioning of WWW, underlying

infrastructure and technology Introduce Electronic Commerce with enabling

infrastructure, payment systems, security, socialand legal issues

Text Book E-commerce business, Technology, Society,

Kenneth C Laudon & Carol Guercio Traver, Pearsoneducation, India Reprint 2003



Assessment

Total marks 100

Quiz and Assignments 5

Case studies, class participation, 15

presentation

Mid Term Exam 20

Pro ject Presentation 20

End Term Exam 40



Telecommunication

Transfer of meaningful information from sender to receiverover cable or wireless media

Includes all of the hardware and software necessary for itstransmission and reception

Telephony

Limited to transmission of sound over wire or wireless Assumes temporarily dedicated point-to-point connection

rather than broadcast connection

Telegraphy Limited to transmission of dash (long beep) and dot (short

beep) over wire or wireless

Distinction between Telecom and Telephony Difficult to distinguish because of the use of digital

techniques (binary bits) for transmitting any form of information (audio, video or data)

W hat is telecommunication?



History of telecom: an overview 1837: Samuel Morse invents the telegraph

1858: Transoceanic telegraph cable is laid 1876: Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone

1885: Incorporation of AT&T

1888: Hertz discovers the electromagnetic wave

1895: Marconi begins experimenting with wireless telegraph

1906: First radio built

1920: First commercial radio broadcast

1969: ARPANET was funded by the DARPA

1978: Unix-to-Unix copy program

1981: Development of CSNET and BITNET 1982: Term Internet is coined

1986: Establishment of NSFNET

1989: CSNET and BITNET merge to form CREN

1990: WWW becomes part of the Internet



Communication System Model«



Communication System Model



Classification by Spatial Distance

LAN (Local Area Network) Less than 5 km, private, Mbps to Gbps

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

5 to 50 km, private/public, kbps to Mbps

WAN (Wide Area Network)

More than 50 km, private/public, kbps to Mbps

Classification of data networks«



Classification by Topology

Ring

Bus

Star

Tree

Mesh

Hybrid




By Switching Technology

Circuit Switching Connection-oriented networks, ideal for real-time applications,

guaranteed quality of service

Message Switching Store-and-forward system

Packet Switching Shared facilities, Used for data communications

Cell Switching Fast processing of fixed length cells




Type of Inf ormation

Data Communications Digital transmission of information

Voice Communications

Telephone communications

Video Communications

Cable TV or video conferencing




By Computing Model

Distributed Computing Client/Server set-up

Centralized Computing

Thin-client architecture




By Ownership

Public Network Owned by a common carrier

Private Network

Built for exclusive use by a single organization

Virtual Private Network

Encrypted tunnels through a shared private or publicnetwork




Standards

Importance

Provide a ³fixed´ way for hardware and/or software systems(different companies) to communicate

Help promote competition and decrease the price

Types of Standards Formal standards

Developed by an industry or government standards-makingbody

De-facto standards

Emerge in the marketplace and widely used Lack official backing by a standards-making body



Standardization process

Specification

Developing the nomenclature and identifying the problems tobe addressed

Identification of choices

Identifying solutions to the problems and choose the ³optimum´ solution

Acceptance

Defining the solution, getting it recognized by industry so

that a uniform solution is accepted



Major standards bodies ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

Technical recommendations for data communication interfaces Composed of each country¶s national standards orgs.

Based in Geneva, Switzerland (www.iso.ch)

ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union ±Telecom Group Technical recommendations about telephone, telegraph and data

communications interfaces

Composed of representatives from each country in UN Based in Geneva, Switzerland (www.itu.int)

ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Coordinating organization for US (not a standards- making body)

(www.ansi.org)

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) Professional society; also develops mostly LAN standards,

http://standards.ieee.org

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Develops Internet standards

No official membership (anyone welcome) (www.ietf.org)



Emerging trends in networking

Pervasive Networking

Integration of Voice, Video and Data

New Information Services



Pervasive networking

Means ³Networks will be everywhere´

Exponential growth of network use

Many new types of devices will have networkcapability

Exponential growth of data rates for all kinds of

networking Broadband communications

Use circuits with 256 Kbps or higher (e.g., DSL)



Also called ³Convergence´

Networks that were previously transmitted using separatenetworks will merge into a single, high speed, multimedianetwork in the near future

First step largely complete

Integration of voice and data

Next step Video merging with voice and data

Will take longer partly due to the high data rates required for

video

Integration of voice, video & data



New information services

World Wide Web based

Many new types of information services becoming available Services that help ensure quality of information received over

www

Application Service Providers (ASPs)

Develop specific systems for companies such as providing

and operating a payroll system for a company that does nothave one of its own

Information Utilities (Future of ASPs)

Providing a wide range of info services (email, web, payroll,etc.) (similar to electric or water utilities)



Implications for management

Embrace change and actively seek to use new

aspects of networks toward improving yourorganization Information moved quickly and easily anywhere and anytime

Information accessed by customers and competitors globally

Use a set of industry standard technologies Can easily mix and match equipment from different vendors

Easier to migrate from older technologies to newertechnologies

Smaller cost by using a few well known standards



Thanks

Documents

NT&EC Session 1 d.punia