Upload
varshadua8570
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 1/25
Networking Technologiesand E-Commerce
Session 4
Dr. Devendra Kumar [email protected]
http://www.linkedin.com/in/devendrakpunia/
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 2/25
Last Session
Internet
TCP/IP protocol
Addressing ± IP address, Domain Name, MAC
Advances in Internet
Internet 2, Converged Networks
VoIP
Extranet, Intranet & VPN
HTTP
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 3/25
W orld W ide W eb ( WWW or W3)
It is different from Internet, it is an
application running on the Internet
It is a collection of interconnected documentsand other resources, linked by hyperlinks and
URLs
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 4/25
W eb trends From communities to networked structures
From centrally defined content and static pages to user drivencontent (Blogs, Wikis, Flickr, Wikipedia) ± democratisation of Knowledge
Web 2.0 either empowers the individual and provides an outlet for the 'voice of the voiceless'; or it elevates the amateur to thedetriment of professionalism, expertise and clarity.
Potential Democratisation, de-centralisation and anarchy ± ³backto the future´ ± the original idea of the Internet e.g. CreativeCommons alternative copyright licences, The Open SourceMovement
Distribution, Aggregation and tagging of various media andcontent ± from hierarchical directories and central ownership to
distributed, user driven ³folksonomies´ and media aggregation From consumers to producers: a recent study from PEW internet
research concluded that 57% of American teens are producingcontent for the web of various nature (blogs, fan-fiction etc.)
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 5/25
W eb 1.0 v/s W eb 2.0
Static
Brochureware
Personal web site
Britannica Online
Directories
(taxonomy)
Bookmarking sites
Dynamic
Customisation
BlogWikipedia
Tagging (folksonomy)
Social bookmarking
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 6/25
W eb 2.0
Web 2.0 refers to a perceived second
generation of web development & design,that facilitates communication, secureinformation sharing, interoperability, andcollaboration on the World Wide Web.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0
Business embracing the web as a platformand using its strengths (Tim O¶Reilly)
Building applications and services around theunique features of the Internet
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 7/25
W eb 2.0
Architecture of participation where users can
contribute website content
The reciprocity between the user and theprovider is emphasized (Stephen Fry)
The philosophy of mutually maximizingcollective intelligence and added value foreach participant by formalized and dynamicinformation sharing and creation (Högg, Meckel,
Stanoevska-Slabeva, Martignoni)
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 8/25
W eb 2.0
Characteristics
Active user participation
Rich user experience
Dynamic, often user-generated content
Meta data and Web standards
Scalability
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 9/25
W eb 2.0 Features ± SLATES (Andrew McAfee)
Search The ease of finding information through keyword search.
Links Ad-hoc guides to other relevant information.
Authoring The ability to create constantly updating content. In wikis, the
content is iterative in the sense that users undo and redo eachother's work. In blogs, content is cumulative in that posts andcomments of individuals are accumulated over time.
Tags Categorization of content by creating tags: simple, one-word
user-determined descriptions to facilitate searching and avoidrigid, pre-made categories.
Extensions Powerful algorithms that leverage the Web as an application
platform as well as a document server.
Signals The use of RSS technology to rapidly notify users of content
changes
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 10/25
W eb 2.0
Applications
Forums (phpBB)
Blogs (Wordpress, Blogger)
Wikis (MediaWiki)
Social networks (Facebook, Myspace, Orkut, LinkedIn)
Social search (Digg, Del.icio.us, Furl)
Multimedia sharing (YouTube, Picassa, Flickr)
Virtual worlds (SecondLife)
Middleware
Syndication feeds (Atom, RSS)
Mashups
Technologies
XHTML, XML, CSS, Ajax, Microformats
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 11/25
Forums
Older than Internet (BBS)
Unstructured free-form discussion
Any-to-any conversation
Usually focuses on short-term issues
High noise-to-content ratio Rarely results in usable content
R isks: flame wars, Internet trolls
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 12/25
Blogs (weB Logs )
Initial idea: online personal diaries
One-to-many communication, readersparticipate through comments to blog posts
Social networking through trackbacks
Currently also used for: Media news and commentaries (replacing
traditional media)
Independent product analysis and review
Corporate news
Event announcements Education
Any content with simple structure
Advantage: Simple publishing mechanism
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 13/25
W ikis
The ultimate collaboration tool
Content is user-generated
Users can edit/adapt the content (sometimes basedon access rights)
History of all changes is kept to prevent information
loss and vandalism Usages: Encyclopedias, Knowledge databases
R isks:
Information is only as reliable as its authors
Sometimes you can¶t check the authors¶ credentials
Unless used in closed group needs constantmonitoring
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 14/25
Social networks ² LinkedIn.com
Targeted at professionals
Build your connections from classmates, friends,colleagues, coworkers and business partners
Personal use:
Get back in touch with friends/colleagues
Get recommendations for your work Apply for job offers
Business use:
Find informal contacts with people you need
Get answers and opinions from your peers
Keep track of former employees / partners
Informal human resources tool
Recruiting/job offers
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 15/25
Folksonomies
Keywords, tags, metadata
Created by groups/communities who are theresource users Feedback loop is key Used for bookmarking, Images, video and sound,
other areas (events, goals, colours etc.) Many flaws in the approach (ambiguity, searching
etc.) Many potential benefits (cheap and extendable,
added value metadata etc.) I
mplications include shift in metadata creation,trigger for communication, snap shot of currentworld, spam
Library use, IT services use ± shared resources
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 16/25
Factors contributing to rise of W eb 2.0
Social
Business
Technology
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 17/25
Social factors
Spread of Broadband
Increasingly ubiquitous connections
A generation of ³web natives´
Living on the web
Social networking; blogging; instant messenger Create, not just consume
Some hard lessons about data ownership
Don¶t steal my data; don¶t lock me in
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 18/25
Business factors
Exploit the Long Tail
At internet scale even niche communities are verylarge
Success of web services
No need to own the user interface. It's your datathat they want
Users can enrich your data
Harnessing collective intelligence of users´
Review and Recommend; Social Bookmarking;Folksonomies
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 19/25
Technology factors
The Power of XML
Easier to exchange and process applicationindependent data
Agile Engineering
Incrementally developer your product; shortrelease cycles
Continually adapt to user needs
³The Perpetual Beta´
Maturation of the browser XHTML, DOM, CSS, Javascript
Browser as platform, not just document viewer
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 20/25
Enterprise 2.0
Social software used in "enterprise³
(business) contexts
Includes social and networked modificationsto company intranets and other classicsoftware platforms used by large companiesto organize their communication
In contrast to traditional enterprise software,which imposes structure prior to use, this
generation of software tends to encourageuse prior to providing structure.
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 21/25
Enterprise 1.0 v/s Enterprise 2.0Hierarchy
Friction
Bureaucracy
Inflexibility
IT-driven technology/ Lack of user control
Top down
Centralized
Teams are in one building/ one time zoneSilos and boundaries
Need to know
Information systems are structured anddictated
Taxonomies
Overly complexClosed/ proprietary standards
Scheduled
Long time-to-market cycles
Flat Organization
Ease of Organization Flow
Agility
Flexibility
User-driven technology
Bottom up
Distributed
Teams are globalFuzzy boundaries, open borders
Transparency
Information systems are emergent
Folksonomies
SimpleOpen
On Demand
Short time-to-market cycles
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 22/25
Social computing Social Networking: Keeping your contacts online
trough a web interface with a useful representation of them. Social Calendaring: Shared agendas for events
arrangement and meetings planning. Social Bookmarking: Your links and references to
different kinds of resources live online. Social Tagging (Folksonomies): An unintentional,
collective effort of categorizing the Web, with addedsocial significance.
Socialware: del.icio.us, de.lirio.us, BlogMarks,Wists, LinkedIn, eConozco, Orkut, 43Things, flickr... µalways in ³permanent beta´ offering open APIs keeping certain level of µhackability¶ as an enabler for
improving USER INNOVATION
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 23/25
Social computing It¶s not about technology: the addition of human (social)
significance to our online interactions is driving the emergence
of a real (cyber) social environment, that extends seamlessly tothe ³real world´.
It¶s about people and their social (networking) activity goingonline to be expanded and amplified by network effects, and theviral nature of the information flowing through the Internet. It¶s
about social networks which we are getting linked to,making The Network itself more social (humane).
Although we can not f orget about technology and the³Digital Universal Network´ that is in the background ± beingthe Internet its most visible component - supporting the Web2.0 emergence, and keeping the user innovation pace.
8/8/2019 NT&EC Session 4 d.punia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ntec-session-4-dpunia 24/25
R eference UR Ls
http://delicious.com/
http://digg.com/search?s=e-commerce http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/
http://www.merawindows.com/AboutUs.aspx
http://technet.microsoft.com/hi-in/default.aspx http://www.cisco.com/web/IN/support/index.html
http://advocatekhoj.com/
http://www.google.co.in/intl/en/options/
http://broadbandforum.in/ http://www.ciol.com/
http://www.lead.timesofindia.com/
http://www.indiatimes.com/