November 2008 VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary SeriesLizanne Payne The Future of Library Collections: Access and Stewardship in a Networked World Lizanne

November 2008VALA - CAVAL 30th Anniversary SeriesLizanne Payne

The Future of Library Collections:

Access and Stewardship in a Networked World

Lizanne PayneExecutive Director

Washington Research Library [email protected]

November 2008VALA - CAVAL 30th Anniversary Series

Libraries were local centers of learning

Lizanne Payne


Libraries and Library Catalogs

Lizanne Payne

1960s 1980s


Libraries could provide lasting benefits to scholarship and economies to their institutions

by proactively developing a distributed print repository network

on a regional, national or even a global scale.

Lizanne Payne

Libraries are going global


Library as place

New spaces for students, not books

Trend: Libraries are for people


Trend: Electronic journals and books are viable alternatives

Science, technology, medical journals

Accessible online96%

Print only4%

Arts, humanities, social science journals

Accessible online86%

Print only14%

2008 study by the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers


"Primary Information Gateways" for Faculty

Thru Library Catalog

25%

Thru Library Building

10%Thru "a specific

electronic resource"

40%

Other25%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Faculty Librarians

Per cent of people who view library gateway function as "very important"

Trend: Campus attitudes toward libraries are changing

Lizanne Payne


Over 1.2 BILLION Volumes in Academic Librariesin the English-speaking World

Lizanne Payne

Academic Library Volumes

USA

UK

Canada

AustraliaNZ

Ireland

0

200,000,000

400,000,000

600,000,000

800,000,000

1,000,000,000

1,200,000,000

USA UK Canada Australia NZ Ireland


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1980 1990 2000 2010

80+ library storage facilities, most built in the last 15 years

Library storage facility: a separate building purpose-built for long-term storage of very large quantities of library materials

A Growing Trend Around the World


Volumes stored by SIZE for maximum density

Can hold 1 to 2 million volumes per 4,000 sm

Order picker for retrieval

Usually built off-campus

Scheduled delivery

Construction cost per volume approx USD $3

Harvard Model Storage Facility


o

Lizanne Payne

Volumes stored in metal bins, retrieved by robotic mechanism

Can hold over 1 million volumes per building module

Built on campus

Delivery in minutes

Construction cost per volume approx USD $10

Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS)

Photo courtesy “librarymaven” on flickr.com


Shared Storage Models

Shared Secondary Storage

ReCap (Columbia, Princeton, NYPL)Southwest Ohio Regional DepositoryUniversity of Missouri systemWashington Research Library Consortium (but changing)Many others…

Shared or Last Copy Storage

CARM CentreFive Colleges, Inc (MA)Five Colleges (OH)PASCAL (Colorado)Tri-Universities GroupNE Ohio Repository


Print Journal Archiving

Digitizer dark archives

U of California system

Harvard University

Print edition available for rescanning

Prospective Archiving

U of California system

CIC libraries

Print edition direct to storage


Shared Print Initiatives

Retention agreement among multiple libraries to preserve and provide access to print volumes

Lizanne Payne


Australia: Group of 8 Libraries

“Bright archive” distributed repository based on commitments to retain and provide access to specific titles held in restricted-access facilities

Phase 1: Journals with online equivalent, Phase 2: Other low-use journals, Phase 3: Monographs

Light commitment MOU under discussion (7 of 8 libraries)


Cooperative Collection Management Trust (CCMT) Pilot Project 2007-2008

OCLC pilot project to to track preserved holdings, compare participants’ holdings, and estimate the potential space savings

19 libraries including Ohio State University, University of Virginia, Brown University, members of ASERL and WRLC consortia


CCMT Library Collection Duplication Analysis

Of the 19 participating libraries

Out of 27 million monograph volumes

that were owned by at least 3 libraries

Over 18 million were duplicate copies

Lizanne Payne


UK: The UK Research Reserve

The British Library (Boston Spa)

University of Birmingham

University of Liverpool

University of St Andrews

University of Southampton

Imperial College London

Cardiff University

“Safeguard the long term future of printed research journals”

Access copy stored at British Library, 2 reserve copies at participating libraries


UK: The UK Research Reserve Phase 1 funding > $1.5 million AUD for

deduplication

Phase 2 funding $25 million AUD continues support for deduplication and developing systems

Project goal =

100 km free shelf space =

Capital value $77 million AUD


Mass Digitization

Mass scanning from major libraries without selection

In-copyright works shown as “snippet”, full image for out-of-copyright

NEW: Library subscriptions to full text

MARC records going into OCLC, API for one-off search

Millions of books scanned, number not publicized

Emphasis on economy of scale, ubiquitous search

Lizanne Payne


Mass Digitization

Low-cost, high-throughput scanning at local participating libraries

Public domain works chosen by libraries

Download and print through the Internet Archive’s Open Library

Several hundred thousand titles available as of October 2008

Emphasis on open access and free availability

Lizanne Payne


Hathi Trust

A shared digital repository of the libraries of the CIC, University of California System, University of Virginia, others may join

Copies of their Google Books materials, and more

About 2 million volumes in October 2008

Emphasis on long-term curation

“memory, wisdom, and strength”

Mass Digitization

Lizanne Payne


Local scan to build e-book collections

Emory University

Print on Demand

Lizanne Payne


Local scan and print on demand for ILL

Caval Carm Centre

Print on Demand

Lizanne Payne


Networked Print On Demand from E-Books

Espresso print-on-demand machine at University of Michigan

Prints from Google Books, Open Content Alliance, or other digital books

Local POD delivery anywhere in the world

Perfect-bound volume

Less than 10 minutes

Less than $10

Lizanne Payne


“In an environment of large-scale digitization, the cost to hold print versions locally may become greater than the benefit for many libraries.”

Roger Schonfeld, 2007. “Getting from Here to There, Safely: Library Strategic Planning for the Transition Away from Print Journals” Serials Librarian, 52.1/2.

Lizanne Payne


Print Repository Network

Online books

Online books

Evolving Library Ecosystem


Print repository network

Local library

Volumes for current programs

Noncurrent monographsUnique or uncommon

monographsBound journals

Print on demand delivery

Online delivery

Physical deliveryWalk-in access

Print Repository Network

Lizanne Payne

Google BooksOpen Content AllianceHathi Trust

10s of millions of full-text volumes

Online books


Key Features of a Print Repository Network

To storageCommitted Holdings

HoldingsRegistryCommitted

Participants

Storage Repositories


Collection Analysis: Comparison of Holdings

Library Print Collection

Online Books

Preserved Books

DiscardStore or Discard


Formal Agreements

Directory

Key Features of a Print Repository Network

Collection analysis reports

To storage

Committed Holdings

HoldingsRegistry

Committed Participants

Storage Repositories

Priority access

Borrowing System

Withdrawals(virtual storage)

Withdrawals(virtual storage)

ILL

Ad Hoc Participants


“No single library can or should acquire and retain everything.

To do so would be to disregard our home institution’s mission and to squander its resources.

However, collectively we should be concerned with the survival of the print record broadly conceived.”

Stephen Enniss, “Collaborative values and survival of the print record”, College and Research Libraries News, June 1999.


Accidental Redundancy Model

(Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe)

The Abbey Library of St Gallen has been in continuous existence for over 1,200 years.

It is the only major medieval monastery library still standing at its original location.


Planned Redundancy Model

Yano study: the magic number is 13


Just in Case

Access and Stewardship Model for the Future

Just in Time

Documents

November 2008 VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary SeriesLizanne Payne The Future of Library Collections: Access and Stewardship in a Networked World Lizanne