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Switchgear And Protection

switchgear and protection by vala kamlesh

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Page 1: switchgear and protection by vala kamlesh

Switchgear And Protection

Page 2: switchgear and protection by vala kamlesh

Electrical Switchgear Definition of Switchgear

A switchgear or electrical switchgear is a generic term which includes all the switching devices associated with mainly power system protection. It also includes all devices associated with control, metering and regulating of electrical power system. Assembly of such devices in a logical manner forms a switchgear. This is very basic definition of switchgear.

Page 3: switchgear and protection by vala kamlesh

SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION

Switchgear protection plays a vital role in modern power system network, right from generation through transmission to distribution end. The current interruption device or switching device is called circuit breaker in Switchgear protection system.

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Type of faults

Single line to ground fault

Line to line fault

Double line to ground fault

Open circuit fault

Three phase fault

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Substation

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Arc in Circuit Breaker What is arc ?

During opening of current carrying contacts in a circuit breaker the medium in between opening contacts become highly ionized through which the interrupting current gets low resistive path and continues to flow through this path even the contacts are physically separated. During the flowing of current from one contact to other the path becomes so heated that it glows. This is called arc.

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Electrical Circuit Breaker

Definition of Circuit Breaker : -

Electrical Circuit Breaker is a switching device which can be operated manually as well as automatically for controlling and protection of electrical power system respectively. As the modern power system deals with huge currents, the spacial attention should be given during designing of circuit breaker to safe interruption of arc produced during the operation of circuit breaker. This was the basic definition of circuit breaker.

Types of Circuit Breaker

1) Oil Circuit Breaker2) Air Circuit Breaker3) SF6 Circuit Breaker4) Vacuum Circuit Breaker

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Types of oil circuit breakersBulk Oil Circuit Breaker or BOCB

Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker

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Types of ACB1) Plain air circuit breaker 2) Air blast Circuit Breaker.

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Vacuum Circuit Breaker SF6 Circuit Breaker

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Sr. No Switchgear Equipment Function

1. Fuse To Protect circuit against over current and short circuit currents.

2. Circuit breaker To make or break the circuit manually or remotely under normal condition and automatically under fault condition.

3. Isolator To disconnect the part of the system for maintenance from live circuit under no current condition.

4. Earthing Switch To discharge the voltage on the line ( due to charges of line capacitance to earth) after disconnecting line from live section.

5. Light using arrester To divert high voltage surge towards the earth, due to lighting stroke or switching surges.

6. Current transformer To stepping down the magnitude of current for measurement, protection and control.

7. Potential transformer To stepping down the magnitude of line voltage for measurement, protection and control.

8. Relay To disconnect the abnormally operating part so as to prevent the subsequent faults eg. Overload protection of a machine protects the machine and prevent insulation failure.

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Created By

Vala Kamlesh