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November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NProject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (etworks (WPANsWPANs))
Submission Title: [Draft PHY Proposal for 60 GHz WPAN]Date Submitted: [11 November, 2005]Source: [Eckhard Grass, Maxim Piz, Frank Herzel, Rolf Kraemer] Company [IHP]Address [Im Technologiepark, Frankfurt (Oder), D-15236, Germany]Voice:[+49 335 5625 731], FAX: [+49 335 5625 671], E-Mail:[[email protected]]Re: []
Abstract: [Based on a simple channel model and link budget calculations, some PHY parameters for a60 GHz OFDM WPAN are derived. The proposed PHY parameters support data rates up to 1 GBit/s and can be extended to 2 Gbit/s.]
Purpose: [This document is intended to serve as a basis for discussions for defining the IEEE802.15.3.c PHY parameters. Implementation aspects of 60 GHz RF circuits are presented]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Draft PHY Proposal for 60 GHz WPAN
Eckhard Grass, Maxim Piz,
Frank Herzel and Rolf Kraemer (IHP)
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Outline
• Introduction and application scenario• Linkbudget and phase noise calculation• Proposed PHY parameters for 60 GHz OFDM
WPAN• Integrated receiver frontend for OFDM
demonstrator in SiGe BiCMOS technology• Conclusions• Acknowledgements
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Goals
• Definition and development of suitable algorithms and implementation of a 60 GHz, 1 Gbit/s WLAN demonstrator including– Highly integrated analog frontend (AFE)– OFDM baseband processor (BB)– Medium Access Control Processor (MAC)
• Features:– 60 GHz frequency band– >= 1 Gbit/s net transmission rate– High spectral efficiency (> 2.5 Bit/s/Hz)– Low cost (Si-based circuits)– Demonstrator flexibility (standard interfaces, FPGA, µ−Controler)– Protocol with QoS support
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
60 GHz WPAN Application Scenario
• Indoor home and office scenario (Wireless Gbit Ethernet)
• Fast video download (Wireless USB-Stick)• Media supply in public areas
(trains, busses, etc.)APAP
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Simplified Link Budget Calculation
metersL cD 5,5)4/(10 20/
maxmax ≈= πλ
Maximum range for 16-QAM-1/2:
dBmSNRNFMHzHzdBmS 59)320(log10/174 min10 −=++⋅+−=Sensitivity:
• SNRmin = 20 dB for 16-QAM-1/2(source rate = 480 Mbit/s, implementation loss = 2 dB + 1 dB (phase noise degradation))
• Receiver noise figure: NF = 10 dB
• Transmit power: Ps = 10 dBm (P1dB = 16 dBm, Backoff = 6 dB)
• Use of Vivaldi Antennas with GTX = GRX = 7 dB (3 dB misalignment)
Assumptions:
dBdBdBdBSGGPD s 8359141021max =++=−++=
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Small-Scale Channel Measurement
- digital complex down conv.- noise filtering- mapped example: Hann
window in frequency domain
Postprocessing1 GHzMeasurement BW60 GHzRF center
Correlation channel sounding (multitone)
Underlying setup and parameters
3 cm10 ms
moving distance
≈ 26 µstemp. dist. of snapsh.duration of 1 snapsh.
100 snapshots in small office
Measurement scenario and parameters
FhG-HHI-Berlin
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Small-Scale PDPs, TOA Parameters
-50 0 50 100 150 200-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10Averaged PDP, LOS, 2 m
Excess Delay [ns]
Nor
mal
ized
Pow
er [d
B]
-50 0 50 100 150 200-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10Averaged PDP, LOS, 1 m
Excess Delay [ns]
Nor
mal
ized
Pow
er [d
B]
-50 0 50 100 150 200-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10Averaged PDP, LOS, 3 m
Excess Delay [ns]
Nor
mal
ized
Pow
er [d
B]
5,654,473,31
4,995,183,08
37,525,720,7
3 m2 m1 m
d
LOS TOA Parameters [ns](relative threshold: -25 dB)
mτ rmsτmaxτ
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Delay Spread
LOS NLOS
Delay spread measurements done by Akeyama, NTT for 802.15.3c: “Study on mm wave propagation characteristics to realize WPAN” (for antennas with directivity in office scenario)
=> Delay spread less than 20 ns => Guard interval of 160 ns sufficient
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Phase Noise Modeling and Effects
1 2 3 4 5 6loop bandwidth [MHz]
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
log
[BER
]
ζ=0.5, LVCO=-90dBc/Hz @1MHz
solid: second-order model
LREF @ 100 kHz= -120 dBc/Hz
-130 dBc/Hz
-140 dBc/Hz
dashed: first-order model
1 2 3 4 5 6loop bandwidth [MHz]
0
5
10
15
20
RM
S ph
ase
erro
r (de
gree
)
RMS phase error after CPE correction, simulatedζ=0.5, LVCO =-90dBc/Hz @1MHz
solid: second-order model
LREF @ 100 kHz= -120 dBc/Hz
-130 dBc/Hz-140 dBc/Hz
dashed: first-order model
Simulation of uncoded 16-QAM OFDM system with• 192 data sub-carriers, 16 pilot sub-carriers• CPE correction included
Results:• Optimum bandwidth depends on crystal phase noise• < 3 degree rms phase error required for low BER (16-QAM)
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
OFDM Symbol Length
• Bandwidth tradeoff between reference noise and VCO noise
• Low bandwidth (10-100 kHz) desirable to suppress filter noise and charge pump noise
• Short symbols (<1µs) mandatory for rms phase error below 3 degree
RMS phase error after correction of common phase error as a function of PLL bandwidth for three symbol lengths.
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Proposed PHY Parameters and Data Rates
Nz = 5“Zero gap”
Np = 16Pilot subcarriers
Nd = 192Data subcarriers
5-10 meterTarget distance of air link
Convolutional, r = ½, 2/3, ¾(LDPC in future)
Channel coding, rates
BPSK, 4, 16, 64-QAMModulation
Ts = 160+640 = 800 nsSymbol duration
TFFT = 640 nsFFT period
Tg = 160 ns, (120, 240 ns optional)Guard time
∆F = 400 MHz/256 = 1.5625 MHzSubcarrier spacing
N=256Number of subcarriers
BFFT = 400 MHzFFT bandwidth
B = 500 MHzChannel bandwidth (channel spacing)
1-2 GHz (2-4 frequency channels)Service bandwidth
Nz = 5“Zero gap”
Np = 16Pilot subcarriers
Nd = 192Data subcarriers
5-10 meterTarget distance of air link
Convolutional, r = ½, 2/3, ¾(LDPC in future)
Channel coding, rates
BPSK, 4, 16, 64-QAMModulation
Ts = 160+640 = 800 nsSymbol duration
TFFT = 640 nsFFT period
Tg = 160 ns, (120, 240 ns optional)Guard time
∆F = 400 MHz/256 = 1.5625 MHzSubcarrier spacing
N=256Number of subcarriers
BFFT = 400 MHzFFT bandwidth
B = 500 MHzChannel bandwidth (channel spacing)
1-2 GHz (2-4 frequency channels)Service bandwidth
1080 Mbit/s¾64-QAM
960 Mbit/s2/364-QAM (m=6)
720 Mbit/s¾16-QAM
480 Mbit/s½16-QAM (m=4)
360 Mbit/s¾QPSK
240 Mbit/s½QPSK (m=2)
180 Mbit/s¾BPSK
120 Mbit/s½BPSK (m=1)
Data rateCoding rateModulation
1080 Mbit/s¾64-QAM
960 Mbit/s2/364-QAM (m=6)
720 Mbit/s¾16-QAM
480 Mbit/s½16-QAM (m=4)
360 Mbit/s¾QPSK
240 Mbit/s½QPSK (m=2)
180 Mbit/s¾BPSK
120 Mbit/s½BPSK (m=1)
Data rateCoding rateModulation
Turbo mode with doubled subcarrier spacing possible => data rates up to 2 Gbit/s
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Pilot, Data and Zero Subcarriers
Modulation bandwidth = 320 MHzNumber of data subcarriers = 192Number of pilot subcarriers = 16
Symbol time = 800 nsGuard time = 160 ns = 1/5 symbol timeSubcarrier spacing = 1.5625 MHz
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Allocation of Bandwidth to ‚User Groups‘57
GHz58
GHz61
GHz63
GHz64
GHz
Allocated to end user
(Commodity products, Mobile,...)
Allocated to fixed
installations (Wire
replacement, Train, Bus...)
Emergency
(like 11.p)
4 GHz
8x500 MHz channels
2 GHz
4x500 MHz channels
1 GHz
2x500 MHz channels
57 GHz
64 GHz
Three main frequency sub-bands:
• End User,
• Fixed Networks,
• Emergency
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
-48 -46 -44 -42 -40 -38 -36 -34 -32 -30 -28 -26
RF input (dBm)
IF o
utpu
t (dB
m)
1 dB compressionpoint –1.6 dBm
60 GHz LNA and Mixer in SiGe BiCMOS
60 GHz RF Frontend Results:• Chip area: 1.1 mm x 0.8 mm• 1 dB compression point: -1.6 dBm (out)• Conversion gain: 28 dB• In-band gain ripple (57-64 GHz): < 1 dB
05
101520253035
52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70
Frequency (GHz)
Con
vers
ion
gain
(dB
)
IF=5 GHz
RF
LO
IF
VCC1 VCC2
RF
LO
IF
VCC1 VCC2
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
60 GHz Receiver Frontend (in Fabrication)
• High-Speed SiGe:C BiCMOS Technology ft/fmax = 200 GHz
• Down-converter (LNA + mixer) and frequency synthesizer on one chip
• Area < 2mm2
56 GHzPLL
RF
61-6
1.5
GH
z
Crystal 109 MHz
IF
5.25
GH
z
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Receiver Board Layout
Vivaldi Antenna
IFn IFp
109.375 MHz(56 GHz/512)
Crystal reference
Board material:Rogers 3003 (5 mil)on FR4
Chip connection:Ribbon bonding / wire bonding
On-board antenna:Single-ended, Vivaldi type, Microstrip connection
60 GHz RXChip
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Conclusions
• 60 GHz systems can support massive data rates; 7 GHz of unlicensed bandwidth available– Oxygen attenuation and attenuation through walls facilitates
efficient frequency re-use– Creating multiple data streams using MIMO techniques is
not a useful option;– However, beamforming can significantly improve the link-
budget• SiGe BiCMOS efficient technology for 60 GHz band
– 60 GHz frequency synthesizer and RF receiver frontend(LNA + Mixer) were successfully implemented in SiGeBiCMOS technology and tested
– A complete transceiver was designed and is being fabricated– Small wavelength allows on-chip antenna and small form
factor
November 2005
Eckhard Grass, IHPSlide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05/0634r1
Submission
Acknowledgements
• BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research – Germany) for funding the WIGWAM Project (http://www.wigwam-project.com/)
• WIGWAM Team at IHP: Jean-Pierre Ebert, Klaus Schmalz, Yaoming Sun, Srdjan Glisic, Milos Krstic, Klaus Tittelbach, Wolfgang Winkler
• WIGWAM IHP Subcontractors: Karin Schuler, Werner Wiesbeck (Uni Karlsruhe), Wilhelm Keusgen, Michael Peter (FhG-HHI Berlin)
• WIGWAM Consortium - in Particular Project Coordinators:Gerhard Fettweis, Ralf Irmer and Peter Zillmann (TU Dresden)(http://www.wigwam-project.com/)
![Project: IEEE 802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [IEEE 802.15 Report at BT Decvon] Date Submitted: [09july00]](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/5514b766550346f06e8b6521/project-ieee-80215-working-group-for-wireless-personal-area-networks-wpans-submission-title-ieee-80215-report-at-bt-decvon-date-submitted-09july00.jpg)
