Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a

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Feb 2005

Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NetworksProj

ect: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks(WPANs)

(WPANs)

Submission Title: [Merged UWB proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a Alt-PHY]Date Submitted: [22 Feb 2005]Source: [Francois Chin, et.al.]

Company : [Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore]

Address : [21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119613]

Voice : [65-68745687] FAX : [65-67744990] E-Mail : [[email protected]]Re: [Response to the call for proposal of IEEE 802.15.4a, Doc Number: 15-04-0380-02-004a ]

Abstract: [Merged Proposal to IEEE 802.15.4a Task Group]Purpose: [For presentation and consideration by the IEEE802.15.4a committee]Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in thisdocument is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s)the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

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Submission

This contribution is a technical merger between*:

Institute for Infocomm Research [05/032]General Atomics [05/016]Thales & Cellonics [05/008]KERI & SSU & KWU [05/033]

Create-Net & China UWB Forum [05/019]Staccato Communications [04/0704]Wisair [05/09]

* For a complete list of authors, please see page 3.

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Submission

AuthorsInstitute for Infocomm Research: Francois Chin, Xiaoming Peng, Sam Kwok, Zhongding Lei, Kannan, Yong-HuatChew, Chin-Choy Chai, Rahim, Manjeet, T.T. Tjhung, Hongyi Fu, Tung-ChongWong

General Atomics: Naiel Askar, Susan Lin

Thales & Cellonics: Serge Hethuin, Isabelle Bucaille, Arnaud Tonnerre, Fabrice Legrand, JoeJurianto

KERI & SSU & KWU : Kwan-Ho Kim, Sungsoo Choi, Youngjin Park, Hui-Myoung Oh, Yoan Shin, Woncheol Lee, and Ho-In JeonCreate-Net & China UWB Forum :Zheng Zhou, Frank Zheng, Honggang Zhang, Xiaofei Zhou, Iacopo Carreras,Sandro Pera, Imrich Chlamtac

Staccato Communications :Roberto Aiello, Torbjorn Larsson

Wisair :Gadi Shor, Sorin Goldenberg

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Submission

Multiband Ternary Orthogonal Keying (M-TOK)

for IEEE 802.15.4a UWB based Alt-PHY

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Submission

Goals • Good use of UWB unlicensed spectrum• Good system design• Path to low complexity CMOS design

• Path to low power consumption• Scalable to future standards• Graceful co-existence with other services• Graceful co-existence with other UWB systems

• Support different classes of nodes, with different reliabilityrequirements (and $), with single common transmit signaling

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Submission

Main Features

Proposal main features:• Impulse-radio based (pulse-shape independent)•

Common preamble signaling for different classes of nodes / type of receivers (coherent / differential /noncoherent)

• Band Plan based on multiple 500 MHz bands• Robustness against SOP interference• Robustness against other in-band interference• Scalability to trade-off complexity/performance

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Submission

Chip rate 24 Mcps

# Pulse / Chip Period 1

Pulse Rep. Freq. 24 MHz

# Chip / symbol (Code length) 32

Symbol Rate 24/32 MHz = 0.75 MSps

info. bit / sym (Mandatory Mode) 4 bit / symbol

Mandatory bit rate 4 bit/sym x 0.75 MSps = 3 Mbps

#Code Sequences/ piconet 16 (4 bit/symbol)Code position modulation (CPM)

Lower bit rate scalability Symbol Repetition

Modulation {+1,-1} bipolar and {+1,-1, 0} ternary pulse train

Total # simultaneous piconetssupported

6 per FDM band

Multple access for piconets Fixed sequence & FDM band for each piconet

Proposed System Parameters

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Submission

System Description• Each piconet uses one set of code sequences

for different classes of nodes / type of receivers(coherent / differential / non-coherent receivers)

• 16 Orthogonal Sequences of code length 32 torepresent a 4-bit symbol

• PRF (chip rate): 24 MHz –

Low enough to avoid significant interchip interference(ICI) with all 802.15.4a multipath models – High enough to ensure low pulse peak power

• FEC: optional (or low complexity type)

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Submission

Band PlanBAND_ID Lower frequency Center frequency Upper frequency

1 3168 MHz 3432 MHz 3696 MHz

2 3696 MHz 3960 MHz 4224 MHz

3 4224 MHz 4488 MHz 4752 MHz

4 4752 MHz 5016 MHz 5280 MHz

5 5280 MHz 5544 MHz 5808 MHz

6 5808 MHz 6072 MHz 6336 MHz

7 6336 MHz 6600 MHz 6864 MHz

8 6864 MHz 7128 MHz 7392 MHz

9 7392 MHz 7656 MHz 7920 MHz

10 7920 MHz 8184 MHz 8448 MHz

11 8448 MHz 8712 MHz 8976 MHz

12 8976 MHz 9240 MHz 9504 MHz

13 9504 MHz 9768 MHz 10032 MHz

14 10032 MHz 10296 MHz 10560 MHz

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Submission

Multiple access

Multiple access within piconet : TDMA+CSMA/CAsame as 15.4

Multiple access across piconets : CDM + FDMDifferent Piconet uses different Base Sequence &different 500 MHz band

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Submission

Types of Receivers Supported• Coherent Detection: The phase of the received

carrier waveform is known, and utilized for demodulation

• Differential Chip Detection: The carrier phase of the previous signaling interval is used as phasereference for demodulation

• Non-coherent Detection: The carrier phaseinformation (e.g.pulse polarity) is unknown atthe receiver

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Submission

Criteria of Code Sequence Design

1. The sequence Set should have orthogonal (or near orthogonal)cross correlation properties to minimise symbol decision error for all the below receiversa. For coherent receiver

b. For differential chip receiver c. For non-coherent symbol detection receiver d. Energy detection receiver

2. Each sequence should have good auto-correlation properties

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Submission

2. To minimise impact of DC noise effect on energy collector basednon-coherent receiver

• For OOK signaling, the transmitter transmits {+1,-1,0} ternarysequences

• Conventional receive unipolar code sequence – follows transmitsequence

• After the energy capture in the receiver, the noise has positiveDC components in each chip; error occurs in thresholding,especially at lower SNR

• This will accumulate noise unevenly in symbol decision• An ideal receive despreading chip sequence should then have

bipolar chip values, preferrably with equal number of ‘+1 and ‘-1’chips• This, to certain extent, will nullify DC noise energy in symbol

decision• This, will also nullify energy components from other interfering

piconets

Criteria of Code Sequence Design

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Submission

Base Sequence Set

Seq 1 0 + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - + 0 0 - -

Seq 2 0 - 0 + - - 0 0 0 + 0 + 0 + - 0 + 0 0 0 0 + - 0 0 + 0 0 + - - -

Seq 3 0 - + 0 + + - - - 0 + 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 + 0 + + 0 0 0 0 - + - 0 0

Seq 4 0 0 + 0 + - - 0 - - 0 0 0 - + - + + 0 0 + + 0 - 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 -

Seq 5 0 + - + - 0 0 - 0 0 + + 0 0 0 0 + 0 - - 0 - 0 + 0 0 0 - - + 0 +Seq 6 0 0 0 - + - 0 0 0 0 + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 0 + 0 - - - + + 0 + -

• 31-chip Ternary Sequence set are chosen• Only one sequence and one fixed band (no hopping) will be used

by all devices in a piconet• Logical channels for support of multiple piconets•6 sequences = 6 logical channels (e.g. overlapping piconets) for each FDM Band

• The same base sequence will be used to construct the symbol-to-

chip mapping table

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Submission

Symbol Cyclic shift toright by nchips, n=

32-Chip value

0000 0 0 + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - + 0 0 - -

0001 2 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - + 0 0

0011 4 0 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - +

0010 6 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0

0110 8 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 00111 10 0 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 +

0101 12 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0

0100 14 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0

1100 15 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 –

1101 17 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 +

1111 19 0 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + +

1110 21 0 + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 +

1010 23 0 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + -

1011 25 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0

1001 27 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0

1000 29 0 - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + -

Symbol-to-Chip Mapping:Gray coded 16-ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying

To obtain 32-chip per symbol, cyclic shift the BaseSequence first, then append a ‘0’-chip in front

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Submission

Good Properties of the Mapping

Sequence1. Cyclic nature, leads to simple implementation2. Zero DC for each sequence3. No need for carrier phase tracking (i.e. coherent receiver)

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Submission

Synchronisation Preamble

• Code sequences has good autocorrelation properties• Preamble is constructed by repeating ‘0000’ symbols• Long preamble is constructed by further symbol repetition

Correlator output for synchronisation

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Submission

Frame Format

PPDU

Octets:

PHYLayer

Preamble

4? 1

FrameLength

SFD

1

SHR PHR PSDU

MPDU

Data: 32 (n=23)

FrameCont.

Seq. # AddressDataPayload CRC

Octets: 2 1 0/4/8 2

MACSublayer

n

MHR MSDU MFR

For ACK: 5 (n=0)

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Submission

Transmission ModeMode Data

Rate(Mbps)

Bit /symbol

Sym.Rep.

TXSign-aling

Receiver type

1a 3 4 1 Ternary - Short Preamble for all receivers- High Data Rate Mode (for EnergyCollection receivers)

1b 0.75 4 4 Ternary - Long Preamble for all receivers- Low Data Rate Mode (for EnergyCollection receivers)

2a 3 4 1 Binary - High Data Rate Mode (for Coherent / Differential ChipReceiver)

2b 0.75 4 4 Binary - Low Data Rate Mode (for Coherent/ Differential Chip Receiver)

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Submission

Modulation & Coding (Mode 1)

Bit to symbol mapping:

group every 4 bits into a symbolSymbol-to-chip mapping:Each 4-bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32-chipsequence, according to 16-ary Ternary OrthogonalKeying

Symbol Repetition:for data rate and range scalabilityPulse Genarator:• Transmit Ternary pulses at PRF = 24MHz

Bit-to-Symbol SymbolRepetition

Binary

dataFromPPDU

PulseGenerator

{0,1,-1} TernarySequence

Symbol-to-Chip

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Submission

Modulation & Coding (Mode 2)

Bit to symbol mapping:group every 4 bits into a symbol

Symbol-to-chip mapping:Each 4-bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32-chip sequence,according to 16 -ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying

Symbol Repetition:for data rate and range scalability

Ternary to Binary conversion: (-1/+1 → 1,0 → -1)

Pulse Genarator:• Transmit bipolar pulses at PRF = 24MHz

Bit-to-Symbol SymbolRepetition

Binary

dataFromPPDU

Ternary-Binary

{0,1,-1} TernarySequence

Symbol-to-Chip PulseGenerator

{1,-1} BinarySequence

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Submission

Auto Correlation Properties for Non-

Coherent Symbol Detection Receiver

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Submission

Cross Correlation Properties for

Coherent Detection Receiver

TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 2) =TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 1) =

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Submission

Differential Multipath Combining

n x ,1

n x ,2

n x ,3

1,1 +n x 1,2 +n

x

1,3 +n x

{ } { } { }*,31,3

*,21,2

*,11,1 ReReRe nnnnnn

x x x x x x ⋅+⋅+⋅ +++

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Submission

Auto Correlation Properties for Differential

Chip Detection Receiver

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Submission

Cross Correlation Properties for

Differential Chip Detection Receiver

DifferentialChip(TxSeqSet) *DifferentialChip(RxSeqSet)’ (Mode 1) =

DifferentialChip(TxSeqSet) *DifferentialChip(RxSeqSet)’ (Mode 2) =

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Submission

• Energy detection technique rather than coherent receiver,for low cost, low complexity• Soft chip values gives best results• Oversampling & sequence correlation is used to recovery

chip timing recovery

• Synchronization fully re-acquired for each new packetreceived (=> no very accurate timebase needed)

BPF ( ) 2 LPF /integrator

ADC

Sample Rate 1/T c

SoftDespread

Non-Coherent Receiver Architectures(Mode 1)

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Submission

Auto Correlation Properties for Energy

Detection Receiver (Mode 1)

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Submission

Cross Correlation Properties for Energy

Detection Receiver (Mode 1)

TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet ' =

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Submission

AWGN Performance

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Submission

AWGN Performance

AWGN performance @ 1% PER

@ 3 Mbps Non-coherentsymbol detection

Differential chipdetection

Energy detection

Mode 1 8.5 dB 13 dB 13.5 dB

Mode 2 7.5 dB 11.5 dB -

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Submission

Basic Data Rate Throughput

(Low Rate Modes)

• Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 0.75 Mbps)• Symbol Period = 1.33us

– Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 0.75= 405.3 µsec

– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 0.75 = 117.3 µsec – tACK (considering 15.4 spec) : 192 µsec

– LIFS (considering 15.4 spec) : 640 µsec

– Tframe = 1355 µsec

– Useful Basic Data Rate = 189.0 kbps

LIFSt ACK

Data Frame (38 bytes) ACK

T frame

(Time Slot for Multiple Piconet)

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Submission

LIFSt ACK


T frame



(High Rate Modes)

• Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps)• Symbol Period = 1.33us

– Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 3 = 101.3 µsec

– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29.3 µsec – tACK (considering 15.4 spec) : 192 µsec




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Submission

LIFSt ACK


T frame



(High Rate Modes)

• Useful data rate calculation for 127 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps)• Symbol Period = 1.33us

– Data frame time : 127 x 8 / 3 = 354.7 µsec

– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29.3 µsec – tACK (considering 15.4 spec) : 192 µsec




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Submission

Ranging and Positioning

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Submission

Asynchronous Ranging Scheme• Synchronous ranging

– One way ranging – Simple TOA/TDOA measurement – Universal external clock

• Asynchronous ranging – Two way ranging – TOA/TDOA measurement by RTTs – Half-duplex type of signal exchange

Transmitted packets

Received packets

TOF : Time Of Flight

RTT : Round Trip Time

SHR : Synchronization Header

SHR Payload

SHR Payload

SHR Payload

Reference Time

A

B

C

TOFAB

TOFAC

TDOABC

RTT

TOF

TOF

SHR SHRPayload Payload

Pre- determineddelay time(T)

SHR Payload SHR Payload

TOF = (RTT- 2k- T)/2

k

Synchronous Ranging Asynchronous Ranging

But, HighComplexity

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Submission

Features- Sequential two-way ranging is executed via relay transmissions- PAN coordinator manages the overall schedule for positioning- Inactive mode processing is required along the positioning- PAN coordinator may transfer all sorts of information such as observed- TDOAs to a processing unit (PU) for position calculation

Benefits- It does not need pre-synchronization among the devices- Positioning in mobile environment is partly accomplished

PANcoordinator

P_FFD1

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

RFD

TOA14

TOA24

TOA34

P_FFD : Positioning Full Function DeviceRFD : Reduced Function Device

PU

Proposed Positioning Scheme

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Submission

Process of Proposed Positioning

SchemePANcoordinator

P_FFD1

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

RFD

T

T

T

T

RTT12

RTT23

RTT13RTT14

RTT24

RTT34

T12

T23T13

T14

T34

T24: Transmited packets

: Received packets TOATOA

measurement measurement

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Submission

More Details for obtaining TDOAs• Distances among the positioning FFDs are calculated from RTT

measurements and known time interval T

• Using observed RTT measurements and calculated distances,TOAs/TDOAs are updated

RTTRTT 1212 = T + 2T= T + 2T 1212

RTTRTT 2323 = T += T +

2T2T 2323 RTTRTT 1313 = T= T 1212 + 2T + T+ 2T + T 2323 + T+ T 1313

TT 1212 = (RTT= (RTT 1212 – T)/2– T)/2

TT 2323 = (RTT= (RTT 2323 – T)/2– T)/2

TT 1313 = (RTT= (RTT 1313 – T– T 1212 – T– T 2323 – 2T)– 2T)

RTTRTT 3434 = T= T 3434 + T ++ T + TT 3434

RTTRTT 1414 = T= T 1212 + T + T+ T + T 2323 + T + T+ T + T 3434 + T ++ T + TT 1414

RTTRTT 2424 = T= T 2323 + T + T+ T + T 3434 + T ++ T + TT 2424

TOATOA 1414 = (RTT= (RTT 1414 - T- T 1212 - T- T 2323 - TOA- TOA 3434 --3T)3T)

TOATOA 3434 = (RTT= (RTT 3434 - T)/2- T)/2

TOATOA 2424 = (RTT= (RTT 2424 - T- T 2323 - TOA- TOA 3434 --2T)2T)

TDOATDOA 1212 = TOA= TOA 1414 – TOA– TOA 2424

TDOATDOA 2323 = TOA= TOA 2424 – TOA– TOA 3434

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Submission

Position Calculation using TDOAs• The range difference measurement defines a hyperboloid of

constant range difference• When multiple range difference measurements are obtained,

producing multiple hyperboloids, the position location of the device

is at the intersection among the hyperboloids

2 2 2 2, , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )i j i j i j i i j j R c TDOA c TOA TOA X x Y y X x Y y= × = × − = − + − − − + −

A

B

C

TOATag_A

TOATag_B

TOATag_CTag

TDOAB_C

TDOAA_B

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Submission

Positioning Scenario Overview

Cluster 1

Cluster 1

Case 1

Case 2

PAN Coordinator

FFD

RFD

Positioning FFD(P_FFD)

• Using static reference nodes inrelatively large scaled cluster : – Power control is required – Power consumption increases –

All devices in cluster must be ininactive data transmission mode

• Using static and dynamic nodes in overlapped small scaled sub-clusters :

– Sequential positioning is executedin each sub-cluster – Low power consumption – Associated sub-cluster in

positioning mode should be ininactive data transmission mode

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Submission

Positioning Scenario for Star topology• Star topology

– PAN coordinator activated mode • Positioning all devices• Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is not

required –

Target device activated mode• Positioning is requested from some device• Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is required

S_addr. : Source AddressD_addr. : Destination AddressP_addr. : Positioning Address

T_addr. : Target Address

PANcoordinator P_FFD2P_FFD1 P_FFD3 RFD

S_addr.

PAN_co.D_addr.

P_FFD1

P_addr.

P_FFD1

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

S_addr.

P_FFD1D_addr.

P_FFD2

P_addr.

P_FFD2

P_FFD3

T_RFD1

S_addr.

P_FFD2D_addr.

P_FFD3

P_addr.

P_FFD3

T_RFD1

S_addr.

P_FFD3D_addr.

T_RFD1

S_addr.

T_RFD1

P_addr.

T_RFD1

Broadcastingto all P_FFDs

T_addr.

T_RFD1

T_addr.

T_RFD1

T_addr.

T_RFD1

FDD FFD2

FFD1

RFD1

PANcoordinator

FFD3

RFD3

RFD2

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Submission

Positioning Scenario for

Cluster-tree Topology

P_FFD1

RFD3

RFD0

RFD2RFD1

FFD0

PANcoordinator

P_FFD3

RFD5

P_FFD2

RFD4

RFD1 RFD3

FFD1

FFD0

RFD2 FFD2

RFD4

RFD6

RFD7

FFD1

Cluster-tree topology

PANcoordin ator P_FFD2P_FFD1 P_FFD3 RFD

S_addr.

PAN_co.

D_addr.

P_FFD1

P_addr.

P_FFD1P_FFD2P_FFD3

S_addr.

P_FFD1

D_addr.

P_FFD2

P_addr.

P_FFD2P_FFD3

S_addr.

P_FFD2

D_addr.

P_FFD3

P_addr.

P_FFD3

S_addr.

P_FFD3

D_addr.

T_RFD5

S_addr.

T_RFD5

T_addr.

T_RFD5

Broadcastingto all P_FFDs

N_P_addr.

P_FFD2P_FFD1

re- arragement

N_addr.

FFD0FFD1RFD6

S_addr. : Source AddressD_addr. : Destination AddressP_addr. : Positioning AddressT_addr. : Target AddressN_addr. : Neighbor AddressN_P_addr. : Neighbor Positioning Address

FFD1

P_FFD3

addition

P_addr.

P_FFD3

T_addr.

T_RFD5

T_addr.

T_RFD5

T_addr.

T_RFD5

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Feb 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

Submission

Analog Energy Window Bank

8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a


Feb 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

Submission

Ranging Accuracy Improvement• Technical requirement for positioning

– “It can be related to precise (tens of centimeters) localization in somecases, but is generally limited to about one meter ”

• Parameters for technical requirement

– Minimum required pulse duration :

– Minimum required clock speed for the correlator in the conventionalcoherent systems

8

1[ ]3.333[nsec]

3 10 [ /sec]mm

=×

1300[ ]

3.333[nsec]MHz =

★ Fast ADC clock speed in the conventional coherent receiver is required for the digital signal processing

High Cost !

8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a


Feb 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

Submission

Analog Energy Window Bank (1)• Digital signal processing with fast clock can be replaced by

using analog energy window bank with low clock speed• Why analog energy window bank?

– Conventional single energy window may support the energy detectionfor data demodulation in the operation mode

– However, this cannot guarantee the correct searching of the signalposition in the timing mode (that also means the ambiguity of rangingaccuracy)

• Analog energy window bank can sufficiently support timing andcalibration as well as operation mode – Widow Bank Size : ~4 nsec (smallest pulse duration) – The number of energy windows in a bank : 11 – Operation clock speed of each energy window : 24 MHz – Number of the required energy windows depends on the power delay

profile of the multipath channel ( effective multipath components )

8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a


Feb 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

Submission

Analog Energy Window Bank (2)

2

2 sec( )

ndt ⋅∫

2

2 sec( )

ndt ⋅∫

Integrator Bank for Timing and

Calibration Mode

Integrator Bank for Operation Mode

(Demodulation)

ThresholdComparisonBit “1” Bit “0”

Buffer Buffer Buffer Buffer

Estimating orAveraging

2

2 sec

( )n

dt ⋅∫

2

2 sec( )

ndt ⋅∫

2

2 sec( )

ndt ⋅∫

2

2 sec

( )n

dt ⋅∫

Size of the Integrated Bank (S)

First Path Estimationand Calibration

8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a


Feb 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

Submission

Modifying MAC

8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a


Feb 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

Submission

Modifications of

MAC Command Frame (1)• Features – Frame control field

• frame type : positioning (new addition using a reserved bit)

– Command frame identifier field• Positioning request/response (new addition)

– Positioning parameter information field• Absolute coordinates of positioning FFDs• POS range• List of positioning FFDs and target devices• Power control• Pre-determined processing time (T)

Octets : 2Octets : 2 11 0/4/80/4/8 11 variablevariable 22

Framecontrol

SequenceSequencenumbernumber

AddressingAddressingfieldsfields

commandframe

identifier

Positioningparameter

CommandCommandpayloadpayload

FCSFCS

MHRMHR MAC payloadMAC payload MFRMFR

8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a


Feb 2005


doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

Submission

Modifications of

MAC Command Frame (2)

Command frameCommand frameidentifieridentifier

Command frameCommand frame

0x010x01 Association requestAssociation request

0x020x02 Association responseAssociation response

0x030x03 Disassociation notificationDisassociation notification

0x040x04 Data requestData request

0x050x05 PAN ID conflict notificationPAN ID conflict notification

0x060x06 Orphan notificationOrphan notification

0x070x07 Beacon requestBeacon request

0x080x08 Coordinator realignmentCoordinator realignment

0x090x09 GTS requestGTS request

0x0a0x0a Positioning requestPositioning request

0x0b0x0b Positioning responsePositioning response

0x0c~0xff 0x0c~0xff ReservedReserved

bits : 0~2bits : 0~2 33 44 55 66 7~97~9 10~1110~11 12~1312~13 14~1514~15

FrameFrametypetype

SecuritySecurityenabledenabled

FrameFramependingpending

Ack.Ack.requestrequest

Intra-Intra-PANPAN

ReservedReserved Dest.Dest.addressing modeaddressing mode

ReservedReserved SourceSourceaddressing modeaddressing mode

Frame type valueFrame type value DescriptionDescription

000000 BeaconBeacon

001001 DataData

010010 AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment

011011 MAC commandMAC command

100100 PositioningPositioning

101~111101~111 ReservedReserved

• Frame Control

• Command frame identifier

• Positioning parameter FixedFixed

coordinatecoordinatePOSPOS

rangerangepositioningpositioning

FFDsFFDsAddress &Address &

Target devicesTarget deviceslistslists

Pre-Pre-determineddeterminedprocessingprocessing

time(T)time(T)

PowerPowerControlControl

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Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

SummaryThe proposed system:• Impulse-radio based system coupled with a

Common ternary signaling allows operation among

different classes of nodes / type of receivers, withvarying cost / power / performance trade-off • Has Band Plan based on multiple 500+MHz bands• Is robust against SOP interference• Is robust against other in-band interference

Documents

Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a