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<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NProject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (etworks (WPANsWPANs))
Submission Title: [Color Multiplex Coding for VLC]
Date Submitted: [07 Nov, 2008]
Source: [Atsuya Yokoi] Company [Samaung Yokohama Research Institute]
Address [2-7, Sugasawa-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 230-0027 Japan]
Voice:[+81-45-510-4240], FAX: [+81-45-510-3339], E-Mail:[[email protected]]
Re: []
Abstract: [The introduction of the Color Multiplex Coding (CMC) for VLC and its evaluation results.
The BER performances are showed by simulation and experiment.]
Purpose: [Contribution to IEEE 802.15 SG-VLC]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for
discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this
document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the
right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE
and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Color Multiplex Codingfor VLC
2008.11.13
Atsuya Yokoi
Samsung Yokohama Research Institute
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Contents
• Introduction
• What is CMC?
• Why CMC?
• CMC performance
– Simulation Results
– Experiment Results
• Conclusion
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Introduction
– WDM (Wave Length Multiplex)WDM (Wave Length Multiplex)WDM (Wave Length Multiplex)WDM (Wave Length Multiplex) is good modulation scheme for realizing high speed transmissions.
– The wave length and number have to be selected carefully, and those decide devices(LED,PD) and the performance of VLC systems.
– CMC (Color Multiplex Coding) CMC (Color Multiplex Coding) CMC (Color Multiplex Coding) CMC (Color Multiplex Coding) is a new modulation scheme which we propose.
– It doesn’t depend on the wave length and number directly.
– It can be expected better flexibility for VLC system than WDM.
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
What is CMC?
• Data train is coded in the Data train is coded in the Data train is coded in the Data train is coded in the xyxyxyxy color coordinate. color coordinate. color coordinate. color coordinate. • xyxyxyxy values are transformed into RGB values.values are transformed into RGB values.values are transformed into RGB values.values are transformed into RGB values.• The relation between The relation between The relation between The relation between xyxyxyxy and RGB is showed by and RGB is showed by and RGB is showed by and RGB is showed by following equations according to following equations according to following equations according to following equations according to ““““CIE1931 RGB color CIE1931 RGB color CIE1931 RGB color CIE1931 RGB color spacespacespacespace””””....(R:700nm, G:546.1nm, B:435.8nm)(R:700nm, G:546.1nm, B:435.8nm)(R:700nm, G:546.1nm, B:435.8nm)(R:700nm, G:546.1nm, B:435.8nm)
D/A R
G
B
D/A
D/A
R
G
B
A/D
A/D
A/D
LED PD
xy
to
RGB
Color
Coding
xxxx
yyyy
RGB
to
xy
xxxx
yyyyColor
Decoding
RRRR
GGGG
BBBB
RRRR
GGGG
BBBB
DataDataDataData DataDataDataData
)/(
)/(
5943.50565.0
0601.05907.4
1302.17517.17689.2
ZYXYy
ZYXXx
BGZ
BGRY
BGRX
++=
++=
+=
++=
++=
CIE1931 xy color coordinate
R
01
10
00
11R
B
G
CMC system block diagram
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Why CMC?• WDM
• Transmit data is distributed to RGB channels. • The channels are decided by the wave length and number.• Same wave length sources and detectors are required.• System flexibility is lower.
• CMC• Transmit data is allocated in the color coordinate plane.• The channels are decided by the color coordinate.• It doesn’t depend on the wave length and number directly.• System flexibility is higher.
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Why CMC?
• Light source spectrum are different among the various devices.Light source spectrum are different among the various devices.Light source spectrum are different among the various devices.Light source spectrum are different among the various devices.• CMC symbols are produced by several light sources according to CMC symbols are produced by several light sources according to CMC symbols are produced by several light sources according to CMC symbols are produced by several light sources according to the color the color the color the color coordinate.coordinate.coordinate.coordinate.• CMC symbolsCMC symbolsCMC symbolsCMC symbols can be produced and reproduced by different light sources.can be produced and reproduced by different light sources.can be produced and reproduced by different light sources.can be produced and reproduced by different light sources.• CMC guarantees the connectivity each device with CMC guarantees the connectivity each device with CMC guarantees the connectivity each device with CMC guarantees the connectivity each device with xyxyxyxy color coordinate.color coordinate.color coordinate.color coordinate.
xy color coordinate
Illumination
Sign board
Mobile
Mobile
R G’’
R’ BG’
R BG
R
01
10
00
11 R
B
G’’
R’
B’
G
G’
B’
R BG
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
CMC simulation
• Those symbol positions were decided for having same and max disThose symbol positions were decided for having same and max disThose symbol positions were decided for having same and max disThose symbol positions were decided for having same and max distance from adjacent symbols.tance from adjacent symbols.tance from adjacent symbols.tance from adjacent symbols.
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Genarated Signal Simbol for CMC
R position
G positionB positionSimbol position
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Genarated Signal Simbol for CMC
R position
G positionB position
Simbol position
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Genarated Signal Simbol for CMC
R position
G positionB position
Simbol position
4 CMC
(2bits/Symbol)
16 CMC
(4bits/Symbol)64 CMC
(6bits/Symbol)
R
G
B
R
G
B
R
G
B
4CMC:4points Color Multiplex Coding (2bits/symbol)
16CMC:16points Color Multiplex Coding (4bits/symbol)
64CMC:64points Color Multiplex Coding (6bits/symbol)
Symbol position in xy color coordinate for CMC performance evaluation
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
BER performance with random noiseRandom Noise vs. BER
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
0 5 10 15 20
SNR_RGB [dB]
BER
4CMC
16CMC
64CMC
2WDM
4WDM
4WDM symbol positions (RGB space)
64CMC symbol positions (xy plane)
2WDM:2level(On-Off)/color WDM (3bits/symbol) with Random Noise
4WDM:4level/color WDM (6bits/symbol) with Random Noise
• 64CMC and 4WDM have same ability for transmitting speed ratio (64CMC and 4WDM have same ability for transmitting speed ratio (64CMC and 4WDM have same ability for transmitting speed ratio (64CMC and 4WDM have same ability for transmitting speed ratio (6bits/symbol).6bits/symbol).6bits/symbol).6bits/symbol).• CMC CMC CMC CMC has 3dB lower BER performance in the random noise environmenthas 3dB lower BER performance in the random noise environmenthas 3dB lower BER performance in the random noise environmenthas 3dB lower BER performance in the random noise environment....
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
BER performance with common mode noiseRandom Noise & Common mode Noise vs. BER
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
0 5 10 15 20
SNR_RGB [dB]
BER
4WDM_r3
2WDM_r3
4CMC_r3
16CMC_r3
64CMC_r3
64CMC_r3:64points CMC(6bits/symbol) with Random Noise & +3dB Common mode Noise
4WDM_r3:4level/color WDM (6bits/symbol) with Random Noise & +3dB Common mode Noise
• 64CMC and 4WDM have same ability for transmitting speed ration.64CMC and 4WDM have same ability for transmitting speed ration.64CMC and 4WDM have same ability for transmitting speed ration.64CMC and 4WDM have same ability for transmitting speed ration.• CMC CMC CMC CMC has 1.5dB higher BER performance in the common mode noise envirohas 1.5dB higher BER performance in the common mode noise envirohas 1.5dB higher BER performance in the common mode noise envirohas 1.5dB higher BER performance in the common mode noise environmentnmentnmentnment....
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
CMC Experiment
VLC Test Bed
VLC-Tx
Front-end
VLC-Rx
Front-end
PCPCPCPC
FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
DACDACDACDAC
DACDACDACDAC
DACDACDACDAC
Digital boardDigital boardDigital boardDigital board
FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ADCADCADCADC
ADCADCADCADC
ADCADCADCADC
LightLightLightLightProp.Prop.Prop.Prop.
TransmitterTransmitterTransmitterTransmitter
ReceiverReceiverReceiverReceiverDriverDriverDriverDriverVLCVLCVLCVLC
AlgorithmAlgorithmAlgorithmAlgorithm
USB USB USB USB IIII/F/F/F/F
ch1ch1ch1ch1
ch2ch2ch2ch2
chchchch3333
ch1ch1ch1ch1
ch2ch2ch2ch2
chchchch3333
USB USB USB USB IIII/F/F/F/F
USB USB USB USB 2.02.02.02.0
HDDHDDHDDHDD
HardwareHardwareHardwareHardwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftwareSoftware
LED:UVGB1306L
PD:S9702
R
G
B
R
G
B
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Experimental Results (2.5MHz/Symbol)
4CMC (5Mbps)
BER < 10-6
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Demodulated Signal Simbol for CMC with symbol points (datadem)
R positionG position
B positionSymbol position
Demodulated Signal
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Demodulated Signal Simbol for CMC with symbol points (datadem)
R positionG positionB positionSymbol positionDemodulated Signal
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Demodulated Signal Simbol for CMC with symbol points (datadem)
R position
G positionB positionSymbol positionDemodulated Signal
16CMC (10Mbps)
BER < 10-664CMC (15Mbps)
BER ≒ 10-4
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Experimental Results (5MHz/Symbol)
4CMC (10Mbps)
BER < 10-6
16CMC (20Mbps)
BER < 10-664CMC (30Mbps)
BER ≒ 10-3
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Demodulated Signal Simbol for CMC with symbol points (datadem)
R position
G position
B positionSymbol position
Demodulated Signal
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Demodulated Signal Simbol for CMC with symbol points (datadem)
R position
G position
B positionSymbol position
Demodulated Signal
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Demodulated Signal Simbol for CMC with symbol points (datadem)
R position
G position
B positionSymbol position
Demodulated Signal
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Experimental Results (10MHz/Symbol)
4CMC (20Mbps)
BER < 10-6
16CMC (40Mbps)
BER ≒ 10-2
64CMC (60Mbps)
BER > 10-1
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Demodulated Signal Simbol for CMC with symbol points (datadem)
R position
G position
B positionSymbol position
Demodulated Signal
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Demodulated Signal Simbol for CMC with symbol points (datadem)
R position
G position
B positionSymbol position
Demodulated Signal
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x
y
Demodulated Signal Simbol for CMC with symbol points (datadem)
R position
G position
B positionSymbol position
Demodulated Signal
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Experimental Results
4CMC:4points Color Multiplex Coding (2bits/symbol)
16CMC:16points Color Multiplex Coding (4bits/symbol)
64CMC:64points Color Multiplex Coding (6bits/symbol)
BER performance
1.00E-07
1.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Bit Rate [Mbps]
BER
64CMC
16CMC
64CMC
4/16CMC4/16CMC
64CMC
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Conclusion
� We proposed CMC as a new modulation scheme.
� CMC can provide more flexible VLC system than WDM.
� CMC has better performance than WDM in some case.
� We confirmed 20Mbps transmission on 16CMC.
� We can expect higher transmission speed by using the device (LED, PD) which has wider frequency band.
<Nov 2008>
Atsuya Yokoi, Samsung Yokoham Research
Institute
Slide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.15-<08/0743-00>
Submission
Thank you for your attention!