19 November 1971Vol. 174, No. 4011

LETTERS Exposure to Alkyl Mercury: G. F. Wright; Need for Graduate Education:W. Trager; Breath Test Machines: N. H. Spector; "Back-to-the-Wall" Effect?:W. Simon; Teflon Membrane: W. B. Elliott ..............................

EDITORIAL AAAS Meeting-Where the Action Is ......................................

ARTICLES The New Biology: What Price Relieving Man's Estate?: L. R. Kass ...

The Cholinergic Synapse and the Site of Memory: J. A. Deutsch ................

Persistent Cultural Systems: E. H. Spicer ....................................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH TOPICS

BOOK REVIEWS

Lead in the Air: Industry Weight on Academy Panel Challenged ......

Kansas State U.: Whatever Happened to Good Old State U.? ........

Hexachlorophene: FDA Temporizes on Brain-Damaging Chemical ....

Breeder Reactors: Power for the Future ..... .... ..

The Insect Societies, reviewed by 0. W. Richards; other reviews byH. K. Geiger, M. E. Hertzig, C. P. Leblond, D. B. Wilson,L. N. Edirniids, Jr., B. S. Rabinovitch; Books Received ......

REPORTS Submarine Pingos in the Beaufort Sea: J. M. Shearer et al...........

Uranium Distributions in Archeologic Ceramics: Dating of RadioactiveInclusions: D. W. Zimmerman ...........................

A Rotating Solar Magnetic "Dipole" Observed from 1926 to 1968:J. M. Wilcox and W. Gonzalez ............................

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Evolving Subduction Zones in the Western United States, as Interpreted fromIgneous Rocks: P. W. Lipman, H. J. Prostka, R. L. Christiansen ............

Precambrian Columnar Stromatolite Diversity: Reflection of MetazoanAppearance: S. M. Awramik ... ......................................

Eutrophication of Lake Water Microcosms: Phosphate versus NonphosphateDetergents: D. Mitchell ............................................

Asymmetry, Its Importance to the Action and Metabolism of Abscisic Acid:E. Sondheimer et al.................................................

Mutants with Abnormal Visual Pathways: An Explanation of Anomalous GeniculateLaminae: R. W. Guillery, C. S. Amorn, B. B. Eighmy ......................

Anemic Stress as a Trigger of Myelogenous Leukemia in Rats RenderedLeukemia-Prone by X-ray: J. K. Gong ..................................

Silkworm Bombyx mori L.: Nature of Diapause Factor: H. Sonobe andE. Ohnishi ...... ......

Neuronal GM1 Gangliosidosis in a Siamese Cat with ,B-GalactosidaseDeficiency: H. J. Baker, Jr., et al......................................

Simultaneous Detection of Reverse Transcriptase and High Molecular WeightRNA Unique to Oncogenic RNA Viruses: J. Schlom and S. Spiegelman ........

Activation of Spontaneous Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Antigen by LymphocyticChoriomeningitis Virus: M. B. A. Oldstone, T. Aoki, F. J. Dixon ...........

Technical Comments: Central North Atlantic Plate Motions: W. C. Pitman, 111,and M. Talwani; J. D. Phillips, B. P. Luyendyk, D. W. Forsyth ..............

ASSOCIATION AFFAIRS A Brief Prospectus of the 1971 AAAS Annual Meeting: W. G. Berl; AAASMeeting; Energy Crisis: Some Implications and Alternatives:D. E. Abrahamson; Geological Implications of Solid Waste Landfill:A. A. Socolow; Living Systems: Synthesis, Assembly, Origins:S. W. Fox; Women in Academia: A. Y. Lewin; Workers and the Environment:G. Wald; Use of Scientific Information in Policy-Making: R. H. Bolt ..........

MEETINGS Ion Flow in Membranes: L. J. Mullins; Membrane Structure: D. E. -Green ........

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COVER

Pingo rising out of the flat landscapenear the village of Tuktoyaktuk, North-west Territories. In size and shape,this pingo is practically identical tothose found on the floor of the Beau-fort Sea (background). Photographwas taken from the top of anotherpingo. See page 816. [Roger Belanger,Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory,Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada]

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19 November 1971, Volume 174, Number 4011

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Science serves its readers as a forum for thepresentation and discussion of important issuesrelated to the advancement of science, includingthe presentation of minority or conflicting pointsof view, rather than by publishing only materialon which a consensus has been reached. Accord-ingly, all articles published in Science-includingeditorials, news and comment, and book reviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted bythe AAAS or the institutions with which the authorsare affiliated.

Editorial Board1971

THOMAS EISNERAMITAI ETZIONIEMIL HAURYDANIEL KOSHLAND, JR.

ALFRED BROWNJAMES F. CROWTHOMAs KUHNELLIOrr W. MONTROLL

NEAL MILLERBRUCE MURRAYJOHN R. PIERCEMAXINE SINGER

1972FRANK PRESSFRANK W. PUTNAMWALTER 0. ROBERTS

Editorial StaffEditor

PHILIP H. ABELSONPublisher Business ManagerWILLIAM BEVAN IIANS NUSSBAUM

Managing Editor: ROBERT V. ORMESAssistant Editors: ELLEN E. MURPHY, JOHN E.

RINGLEAssistant to the Editor: NANCY TEIMOURIANNews and Comment: JOHN WALSH, ROBERT J.

BAZELL*, DEBORAH SHAPLEY, ROBERT GILLETrE, NICH-OLAS WADE, CONSTANCE HOLDEN, SCHERRAINE MACK

Research Topics: ALLEN L. HAMMONDBook Reviews: SYLVIA EBERHART, KATHERINE LIv-

INGSTON, KATHRYN MOUTONCover Editor: GRAYCE FINGER

Editorial Assistants: MARGARET ALLEN, ISABELLABOULDIN, BLAIR BURNS, ELEANORE BUTZ, RONNACLINE, MARY DORFMAN, JUDITH GIVELBER, MARLENEGLASER, CORRINE HARRIS, OLIVER HEATWOLE, CHRIS-TINE KARLIK, MARSHALL KATHAN, MARGARET LLOYD,JANE MINOR, DANIEL RABOVSKY, PATRICIA RowE,LEAH RYAN, LOIS SCHMITT, RICHARD SOMMER, YA LiSWIGART, ALICE THEILE

Membership Recru(itmlent: LEONARD WRAY; Sub-scriptions: BETTE SEEMUND; Addressing: THOMASBAZAN

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Sales: NEW YORK, N.Y. 10036: Herbert L. Burklund,11 W. 42 St. (212-PE-6-1858); SCOTCH PLAINS, N.J.07076: C. Richard Callis, 12 Unami Lane (201-889-4873); MEDFIELD, MASS. 02052: Richard M. Ezequelle,4 Rolling Lane (617-444-1439); CHICAGO, ILL. 60611:John P. Cahill, Room 2107, 919 N. Michigan Ave.(312-DE-7-4973; BEVERLY HILLS, CALIF. 90211: WinnNance, Ill N. La Cienega Blvd. (213-657-2772)EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: 1515 Massa-chusetts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Phones:(Area code 202) Central office: 467-4350; Book Re-views: 467-4367; Business Office: 467-4411; Circula-tion: 467-4417; Guide to Scientific Instruments: 467-4480; News and Comment: 467-4430; Reprints andPermissions: 467-4483; Research Topics: 467-4455;Reviewing: 467-4440. Cable: Advancesci, Washington.Copies of "Instructions for Contributors" can beobtained from the editorial office. See also page xv,Science, 24 September 1971. ADVERTISING COR-RESPONDENCE: Room 1740, 11 W. 42 St., NewYork, N.Y. 10036. Phone: 212-PE-6-1858.

SCIENCE

The AAAS Meeting-Where the Action Is

The AAAS annual meeting has come to have major impact on thepublic and on government policy. At most gatherings of professionalsocieties, participants talk mainly to each other. However, at our Christ-mas meeting, speakers communicate with a wider audience. About 400represehtatives of press, radio, and television attend, and they find muchto convey to the public.Much of what is presented at the meeting is purely scientific in charac-

ter. Any scientist who is willing to be interested in material outside hisspecial field can partake of a rich smorgasbord of significant interdisci-plinary symposia. He can attend lectures involving mathematics, astron-omy, physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, economics, sociology, his-tory of science, medicine, engineering, agriculture, psychoanalysis, andothers. The meeting is unusual in the breadth of topics covered; it isunique in the extent to which the many interactions of science, tech-nology, and public policy are treated. In providing a forum for discussionsof this kind, the AAAS is being responsive to one of the great needs ofour times.

Technology, based on science, has brought great benefits while creat-

ing many problems for mankind. In meeting these problems, traditionalsources of guidance have been relatively ineffective. The clergy has onlybegun to attempt to deal with ethical issues arising from technology. Thecurrent contributions of humanists to discussions of purposes and direc-ions for society have been less than impressive. A major response hasbeen a generalized damnation of all of science and technology and a

childish desire to return to a vanished, idealized natural state. In ad-dressing complex social problems, scientists may have inadequate back-grounds, but they have some assets. They are future-oriented. Theytend to be cautiously optimistic that problems can be solved. They can

estimate the potentialities and limitations of technology. These qualitiesensure that scientists will have a considerable voice in shaping the future.The AAAS meeting is an unusually effective mechanism for making thosevoices heard. To some observers, the sounds coming out of the meetingare reminiscent of the Tower of Babel. Scientists can agree on manypurely scientific matters, but the injection of policy and politics bringsout every shade of opinion and a good deal of heat and intolerance. Thestimulus of new problems also brings out scholarship and imaginativethinking.

Last year, after the well-publicized unpleasantness at Chicago, fearswere expressed that senior scientists would absent themselves from futureAAAS meetings. This has not proved to be true. For example, amongthe speakers and panelists will be about 50 members of the NationalAcademy of Sciences or the National Academy of Engineering. Ap-parently aversion to unpleasantness has been counterbalanced by an even

more powerful motivation- desire to be where the action is.Speakers at the AAAS meeting will include those with views ranging

from right to ultraleft, with age distribution from youth to old age andwith backgrounds from pure science to practical politics. Altogether,some 1400 will participate and many others in the audience will join indiscussions.

Like any large meeting, the Christmas sessions will convey some thatis wise and some that is foolish, some that is significant and some that istrivial. For attendees it will be an interesting, exciting experience; for the

public it will be a source of additional illumination of complex issues.-PHILIP H. ABELSON