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NOTES: Venus0.95 DEarthSurface Temp. = 900 OF, Greenhouse effect.Atm. Pressure = 90 x Earth's1. Atmosphere: 96% CO2, 3.5% Nitrogen. Clouds of sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, sulfur, indicating live volcanism?2. Rotation: siderial--243 days, solar–117 days.3. Surface Features: 27% Lowlands, 65% rolling plains, 8% highlands. Cones, faults, craters, multiple lava flows.
A. Ishtar Terra--US sized lava-filled basin--highlandsB. Maxwell Montez--Everest's height--100 km Diam.
Cleopatra, crater on it's flank.C. White magnetite (?) above 2.5 km.D. Surface--young to 800 million years--crater cycle.E. Surface too cracked to form plates, but molten core
distorts surface with mantle convective flow. F. Atmosphere rotates much faster than surface creating wind features--impact ejected to west, streaks near ridges.
G. 100,000 small 'shield' volcanos--clusters due to hot spots, volcanic material near surface. No plumes show--high pressure.
H. Lava Channels--one 7,000 (!) Km long I. Calderas over 100 km in diameter.
4. Visiting Spacecraft: 1962-1975-Three Mariners (USA) rudimentary mapping. 1962--Venera--Soviet surface landing. 1989-90--Magellan (USA)--accurate radar maps.
Venus0.95 Diamearth
Surface Temp. = 900 OF, Greenhouse effect.Atm. Pressure = 90 x Earth's
Radar map In UV
Atmosphere: 96% CO2, 3.5% Nitrogen. Clouds of sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide,
sulfur, indicating live volcanism?
3. Surface Features: 27% Lowlands, 65% rolling plains, 8% highlands. No oceans—way too hot! Cones, faults, craters, multiple lava flows.
A. Ishtar Terra--US sized lava-filled basin—highlands—lower right.
B. Aphrodite—reflective volcanic cones--top.
Carl Sagan realized Venus was warmed by what he called a ‘greenhouse effect’—almost all carbon dioxide atmosphere very hot.
Atmosphere rotates much faster than surface creating wind features--impact ejected to west, streaks near ridges.
100,000 small 'shield' volcanos--clusters due to hot spots, volcanic material near surface. No plumes show--high pressure
Visiting Spacecraft: 1962--Venera--Soviet surface landing.1962-1975-Three Mariners (USA) rudimentary mapping.2005now—Venus Express (Europe).
Venus Express—2005-now. Orbiter put up by European Space Agency (ESA).Attempt to learn details of Venus’ atmosphere and movement,unveil current volcanism and cause of super-rotation – the 'mismatch' in rotation speeds between the cloud tops and the planet surface.