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Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• commercially important raw material
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• commercially important raw material
• more sulfuric acid made than any other compound
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• commercially important raw material
• more sulfuric acid made than any other compound
• fertilisers, paints and pigments, detergents, car batteries, laboratory acid
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
H2O Air Sulfur
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulfur
Step 1: Formation of SO2
either S + O2 SO2
or 2ZnS + 3O2 2SO2 + 2ZnO
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulfur
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulfur
Step 3: Formation of Oleum
SO3 + H2SO4 H2S2O7
{the direct combination of SO3 with water is too exothermic and forms a fine mist of acid}
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulfur
Step 4: Dilution of Oleum
H2O + H2S2O7 2H2SO4
the oleum is diluted to give the desired concentration of sulphuric acid
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
H2O Air Sulfur
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermicLet’s look at this equilibrium more closely….
Sulfuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• CatalystCatalyst
• TemperatureTemperature
• PressurePressure
Sulfuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Catalyst Catalyst VV22OO55
• TemperatureTemperature
• PressurePressure
Sulfuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Catalyst Catalyst VV22OO55
• Temperature Temperature 450450ooCC
• PressurePressure
Sulfuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Catalyst Catalyst VV22OO55
• Temperature Temperature 450450ooCC
• Pressure Pressure 1-2 atmospheres1-2 atmospheres
Sulfuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Catalyst Catalyst VV22OO55
•Speeds up time taken to achieve equilibrium• Several catalyst beds used to achieve high yield
Sulfuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Temperature Temperature 450450ooCC
• The yield of SO3 increases as T is decreased
Sulfuric Acid
Step 2: Formation of SO3 the Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
exothermic
Factors:• Pressure Pressure 1-2 atmospheres1-2 atmospheres
• The yield of SO3 increases as P is increased
30New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 430
44.4 Sulphuric(VI) Acid (SB p.136)
A flow diagram f or the Contact process
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
Dehydrating agent
Viscous liquid
Sulfuric Acid
H2SO4
• manufacturemanufacture
• propertiesproperties
• usesuses
Dehydrating agent
Viscous liquidViscous liquid
Conc H2SO4 will dehydrate hydrated copper sulphateand carbohydrates