North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

Rivalry: British vs. Rivalry: British vs. French French

• British and French compete for power in North America.

• Both want to control the Ohio Valley, an area full of resources.

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

• French built forts from Lake Ontario south to the Ohio River.

• British built forts in western Pennsylvania—the French seized and built their own fort “Fort Duquesne”

1754 1754 The First Clash The First Clash

Fort NecessityFort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Duquesne** George Washington * Delaware & George Washington * Delaware &

ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

BritisBritishh

FrenchFrench

• Washington and his militia (a military force made up of ordinary citizens) come under attack by the French and their Native American allies.

• Washington is defeated

Native American AlliesNative American Allies

• French and British sought Native American allies.

• Native American trusted the French, more than they did the British.

• French were more interested on trade (fur), than land.

• Many Native Americas converted to Catholicism by French missionaries

• For those reasons—Native American helped the French more than the British.

Activity

• After completing the organizer,

Write a summary in which you explain why the Native Americans had a better relationship with the French.

* summary (5-6 sentences)

Iroquois ConfederacyIroquois Confederacy

• To fight the French and their Native American allies—the British set a treaty with the Iroquois.

• Iroquois Confederacy —a group of Native American nations under one government

- It included six nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, & Tuscarora

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin and and representatives representatives from seven from seven colonies meet colonies meet at the Albany at the Albany Congress (New Congress (New York, June York, June 1754)1754)

A Albany Congress Albany Congress Iroquois Iroquois refused an refused an alliancealliance (partnership) (partnership) with the British, but promised to with the British, but promised to remain neutral in the conflict.remain neutral in the conflict.

Albany Plan of Union Albany Plan of Union Albany Plan of Union Albany Plan of Union

• Benjamin Franklin—asked the colonists to come together and work to fight the French as a “united colonial government.”

• To form such a government, each colony had to give up some rights—the colonists REFUSED!

• The Albany meeting FAILS to UNIFY the colonies.

How does the phrase "Unite or Die" relate to the divided snake? What do the letters represent? What is the main idea of this primary source—What is the purpose of this political cartoon?

French were successful early French were successful early in the war, but then the in the war, but then the British win victories.British win victories.

William Pitt William Pitt (1757)-becomes (1757)-becomes Prime Minister of Britain and Prime Minister of Britain and sends more troops to sends more troops to colonies. colonies.

French and Indian War French and Indian War French and Indian War French and Indian War

A He understood colonial concerns.He understood colonial concerns.

A He offered colonists compromise:He offered colonists compromise:

- Loyalty & militia support-- Loyalty & militia support->Britain >Britain would pay colonial assemblies would pay colonial assemblies forfor their costs. their costs.RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonists Colonists

participate in the war and fight participate in the war and fight with enthusiasm! with enthusiasm!

France --> gave up Canada and lost France --> gave up Canada and lost claims claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands got all French lands WESTWEST of the Mississippi River (Louisiana, of the Mississippi River (Louisiana, New Orleans),but lost Florida to New Orleans),but lost Florida to Britain.Britain.

England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, and Canada, and EASTEAST of the Mississippi of the Mississippi River. Also, gets FLORIDA! River. Also, gets FLORIDA!

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

17631763 Pontiac’s Pontiac’s RebellionRebellion

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

British British ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

Colonials Colonials Paxton Boys Paxton Boys (PA)(PA)

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!