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The French and Indian War
Learning Objectives:• We will learn about why war broke
out in North America between the British and the French.
• We will learn why the British struggled and suffered some defeats at the beginning of the war.
• We will learn what changed that helped the British win the war.
• We will learn how the British eventually defeated the French.
Chapter 5
section 1
A young George Washington, who is a
soldier and surveyor in the British Army
delivers a letter to the French in the Ohio
River Valley demanding that the French
leave.
The French and Indian WarSetting the Scene
Chapter 5
section 1
Young George
Washington
European Rivals in North America
The French and Indian WarChapter 5
section 1
European Rivals in North America
Why did European countries like Britain, France, and
Spain want to have colonies in the Americas?
Why did European countries like Britain, France, and
Spain want to have colonies in the Americas?
• Natural resources - Raw materials for the factories of the Industrial Revolution and crops not available in Europe.
• New customers - Trade and new customers for the many products being manufactured in Europe.
Conflict in the Ohio Valley
The French and Indian WarEuropean Rivals in North America
Chapter 5
section 1
France had already been
trading furs with the Native
Americans for many years.
Conflict in the Ohio Valley
The French and Indian WarEuropean Rivals in North America
Chapter 5
section 1
France had access to the best trade
routes using the St. Lawrence River and
the Great Lakes.
Conflict in the Ohio Valley
The French and Indian WarEuropean Rivals in North America
Chapter 5
section 1
If the British colonies expanded into the Ohio River Valley, they would cut off the French
territory in the north (Canada) with the French territory
in the south (Louisiana).
BritishExpansion
Native Americans Choose Sides
The French and Indian WarEuropean Rivals in North America
Chapter 5
section 1
You [the British] and the French are like the two edges of a pair of shears.
And we are the cloth which is to becut to pieces between them.
What does the Native American mean by this quote?
Native Americans Choose Sides
The French and Indian WarEuropean Rivals in North America
Chapter 5
section 1
•The French had peacefully trapped furs and traded with the Indians for many years.•Many French trappers took Native American wives and adopted some of their culture.•The French generally did not clear or destroy the Indian land.
•Many British colonists cleared land for farming and ruined Indian hunting grounds.•Many British colonists ignored the rights of the Native Americans.•The British gave some Indian tribes lower prices for trade goods.
Native Americans Choose Sides
The French and Indian WarEuropean Rivals in North America
Chapter 5
section 1
•The Algonquins•The Huron•The Shawnee•Most Native American tribes decided to help the French.
•The Iroquois•a few other small tribes
TRUE or FALSEThe French and Indian War
was a war between the French and the Indians over trading in the Ohio River Valley.
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
TRUE or FALSEThe French and Indian War
was a war between the French and the Indians over trading in the Ohio River Valley.
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
FALSE
Who was fighting who in this war?
Why was it called the French and Indian War then?
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
A Bold Young Leader
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
YoungGeorge Washington
British Officer
Washington was sent to build a fort to help the British control the Ohio River.
A Bold Young Leader
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
YoungGeorge Washington
British Officer
When Washington arrived, there was already a French fort there; Fort Duquesne.
A Bold Young Leader
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
Fort Duquesne
A Bold Young Leader
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
Fort Duquesne
Conflict at Fort Necessity
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
Instead of building right at the fork, Washington and his men quickly built a fort a little ways upstream. The fort was put together quickly out of wood and was called Fort Necessity; it was a necessity to try to defend his small army.
Conflict at Fort Necessity
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
Fort Necessity
* This is a reconstruction of what the fort
probably looked like that was rebuilt in the original
location of the fort.
Conflict at Fort Necessity
The French and Indian War Begins
Chapter 5
section 1
Fort Necessity National Battlefield (Park)
The Albany CongressThe French and Indian War
Chapter 5
section 1
7 Colonies met in Albany, New York. They had 2 goals:
- To make a treaty with the Iroquois Indians to help them against the French.
- To have a united defense of the 13 colonies against France.
The Albany CongressThe French and Indian War
Chapter 5
section 1
Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania proposed creating “one general government” for all of the British colonies.
Benjamin Franklin
The Albany CongressThe French and Indian War
Chapter 5
section 1
Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania proposed creating “one general government” for all of the British colonies.
The delegates at the Albany Congress agreed on the proposal.
Benjamin Franklin
The Albany CongressThe French and Indian War
Chapter 5
section 1
Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania proposed creating “one general government” for all of the British colonies.
The delegates at the Albany Congress agreed on the proposal.
But, to his surprise, not a single colonial government passed the proposal.
Benjamin Franklin
The Albany CongressThe French and Indian War
Chapter 5
section 1
Benjamin Franklin owned a newspaper and printing
business in Pennsylvania.
The Albany CongressThe French and Indian War
Chapter 5
section 1
Benjamin Franklin
Translate what Benjamin Franklin is saying into “plain English”.
“Everyone cries a union is necessary.But when they come to the mannerand form of the union, their weaknoodles are perfectly distracted.”
The Albany CongressThe French and Indian War
Chapter 5
section 1
Benjamin Franklin
Translate what Benjamin Franklin is saying into “plain English”.
“Everyone cries a union is necessary.But when they come to the mannerand form of the union, their weaknoodles are perfectly distracted.”
BURN!
!!
Disaster for Braddock
The French and Indian War A String of British Defeats
Chapter 5
section 1
British General Edward
Braddock
The British suffered a terrible defeat at Fort Duquesne when General Braddock and his army were ambushed by the French. General Braddock was killed in the battle.
The French and Indian War The Tide of the Battle Turns
Chapter 5
section 1
Newly appointed British Prime Minister, William Pitt, sends some of his best generals to the American colonies including General Jefferey Amherst. Soon, the British are winning battles and capturing forts.
William PittBritish Prime
MinisterGeneral Jeffrey
Amherst
The French and Indian War The Tide of the Battle Turns
Chapter 5
section 1
The French and Indian War The BATTLE OF QUEBEC
Chapter 5
section 1
The French and Indian War The BATTLE OF QUEBEC
Chapter 5
section 1
The French and Indian War The BATTLE OF QUEBEC
Chapter 5
section 1
The French and Indian War The Tide of the Battle Turns
Chapter 5
section 1
The Treaty of Paris (1763)
The French and Indian War The Fall of New France
Chapter 5
section 1
The French eventually lost the war and surrendered to the British in America and signed the Treaty of Paris giving up all of its land in Canada and North America except for the port of New Orleans (down in Louisiana).
The Fall of New France The Treaty of Paris (1763)
Chapter 5
section 1
The French and Indian War
So, what did we learn today?
Learning Objectives:• We will learn about why war broke
out in North America between the British and the French.
• We will learn why the British struggled and suffered some defeats at the beginning of the war.
• We will learn what changed that helped the British win the war.
• We will learn how the British eventually defeated the French.
Chapter 5
section 1
The French and Indian WarChapter
5
section 1
So, what did we learn today?•The French and British were fighting over land in the Ohio River Valley for farming and trade.
•The British were not prepared for fighting out in the forests of the frontier… at first.
•With better generals, the British began capturing forts and winning battles.
•The British used strategy and the element of surprise to beat the French at Fort Quebec.
•The British gained control of almost all of the land east of the Mississippi River.
