NMKRV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN AUTONOMOUS

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

AUTONOMOUS JAYANAGAR III BLOCK

BANGALORE-560011

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

BOS APPROVED SYLLABUS

FOR UNDER GRADUATE COURSE

CBCS SCHEME

B.Sc.

ZOOLOGY

I, II, III, IV, V & VI SEMESTERS

2019


JAYANAGAR, BANGALORE-560011

ZOOLOGY: I SEMESTER

PAPER-I: NON CHORDATA PART – I

TOPICS THEORY: 56 Hrs

UNIT-I: ANIMAL ARCHITECTURE 07 Hrs

(To be taught citing suitable examples and keeping in view of evolutionary

trends and significances)

Body Organization: The Hierarchical organization of animal complexity- Protoplasmic

level of organization, Cellular level of organization,Tissue level of organization, Organ

level of organization. 01 Hr

Germ Layers: Definition, types and their derivatives, diploblastic condition and

triploblastic condition with examples. 01 Hr

Body Symmetry: Definition, types-Spherical symmetry, Radial symmetry, Biradial

symmetry and bilateral symmetry. 01 Hr

Body Coelom: Definition, types – acoelom, pseudocoelom, Eucoelom (schizocoelom and

enterocoelom) 01 Hr

Metamerism: Definition, types – pseudometamerism, true metamerism (homonomous and

heteronomous) 02 Hrs

Cephalization: Definition and its formation. 01 Hr

UNIT-II: PHYLUM PROTOZOA 06 Hrs

General characters of the phylum and classification upto classes

with characters and examples. 02 Hrs

Nutrition: Autotrophic(Ex. Euglena), Holozoic(Ex. Amoeba), Saprotrophic (Saprophytic and

Saprozoic with example), Parasitic (Ex. Plasmodium) and

Mixotrophic (Ex. Euglena) 02 Hrs

Reproduction: Asexual reproduction (Binary fission- transverse and longitudinal) and

conjugation in Paramecium caudatum, significance of conjugation. 02 Hrs

UNIT-III: PHYLUM PORIFERA 07 Hrs



Scypha (Sycon): Morphology, microscopic structure of body wall and

Sexual Reproduction 03 Hrs

Canal system and its evolution: Asconoid, Syconoid, Leuconoid and Rhagonoid types.

03 Hrs

UNIT-IV: METAZOA 02 Hrs

4.1 Origin of metazoa: Blastaea and Gastraea theory and Hadzi’s theory. 02 Hrs

UNIT-V: PHYLUM COELENTERATA 09 Hrs


with characters and examples. . 02 Hrs

Hydra: Externals, nutrition, asexual and sexual reproduction.

Polymorphism: Definition, significance and polymorphism in Halistema

Coral reef: Definition, types, theories on coral reef formation.

Ctenophora: General characters and affinities

03 Hrs

01 Hr

01 Hr

02 Hrs

UNIT-VI: HELMINTHES 08 Hrs

General characters of the phylum and classification upto classes with characters and examples.

02 Hrs

Planaria: Externals, digestive system, excretory system and nervous system. 04 Hrs

Regeneration in Planaria and Child’s Axial gradient theory 01 Hr

General characters of the phylum Nematoda with examples. 01 Hr

UNIT-VII: PHYLUM ANNELIDA 07 Hrs

General characters of the phylum and classification upto classes with characters and examples.

02 Hrs

Earthworm (Pheretima) - morphology, digestive system, excretory system, reproductive

system, reproduction and development. 05 Hrs

UNIT-VIII: ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY 04 Hrs

Protozoa in water supplies and soil. 01 Hr

Beneficial and harmful Sponges. 01 Hr

Economic importance of Corals and Coral reefs. 01 Hr

Economic importance of earthworm, vermiculture and vermicomposting 01 Hr

UNIT-IX: PARASITOLOGY 06 Hrs

Introduction: Definition of parasitism and types. 01 Hr

Parasitic adaptations in general from Protozoa to Annelida with examples (Plasmodium,

Tapeworm, Leech). 01 Hr

Occurrence, disease caused, mode of transmission, life cycle and preventive measures of

(a) Plasmodium vivax (b) Taenia solium 04 Hrs

ZOOLOGY: I SEMESTER

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS


Duration: 3 Hrs/Unit Total numbers of units: 14 Units

1. Handling of Microscopes and observation of Microscopic organisms in water sample.

01 Unit

2. Protozoa: Study of permanent slides of Amoeba, Euglena, Noctiluca and Paramecium.

01 Unit

3. Porifera: Specimens of Sycon, Euplectella, Hyalonema, Spongilla and Euspongia

(Any three) Slides of Gemmule and Spicules. 01 Unit

4. Coelenterate: Specimens of Physalia, Aurelia, Sea anemone, Gorgonia, Fungia and Astrea.

Slides of Hydra and Obelia 2 Units

5. Helminthes: Specimens of Planaria, Liver fluke, Tape worm and Ascaris

(Male and Female) Slides of T.S of Planaria and T.S Ascaris (Male and Female).

02 Units

6. Annelida: Specimens of Neries, Heteroneries, Aphrodite, Sebella, Arenicola and

Chaetopterus. Slides of Trochophore larva, Parapodium, T.S of Earth worm and Nereis.

02 Units

7. Dissection (Visuals): Earthworm: 1. Digestive system 2. Excretory system

3. Nervous system

8. Revision class

9. Practical test

4. Reproductive system 03 Units

01 Unit

01 Unit

ZOOLOGY: I SEMESTER PRACTICAL


SCHEME OF PRACTIAL EXAMINATION

Duration: 03 Hrs Max Marks: 35

Q1. IDENTIFICATION

Identify, classify and comment on A to F with labeled diagrams (4 Marks each)

6x4=24 Marks

Q2. DISSECTION (VISUALS)

Identify , draw and comment on the marked parts of the specimen projected

(Any two parts) 2x3= 06 Marks

Q3. Class record. 5 Marks

TOTAL= 35 Marks

Note: For question One - 4 specimens to be selected (one from each phylum) and any two

slides.

SUGGESTED REFERENCES

1. Adhikari, Sinha and Ganguli., 1991. Biology of animals Vol. 1. New Central Book

Agency, Calcutta.

2. Barnes R.D. 1980. Invertebrate Zoology, Holt Saunders, International edition,

Dhiladelphia, 4th edition.

3. Barrington E.J.W., 1969- Invertebrate Structure and Function. Nelson, London

4. Ekambernath Iyer M and Anantha Krishna J.N. 1986. Outline of Zoology:

Invertebrate Vol.I

5. Hyman, L.H. 1940-67. The invertebrate Vol. I-IV. Mc Graw-Hill.New York.

6. Jordan E.L. and Verma P.S. 1963- Invertebrate Zoology

7. Kotpal, R.L. 1998. Invertebrate

8. Nigam H.C. 1991. Biology of Non Chordates.

9. Parker and Haswell Vol.I

10. S.N. Prased -Invertebrate Zoology.

11. Reena and Mattur- Economic Zoology.

12. Russell-Hunter, W. D. 1968. A biology of lower invertebrates. Macmillian company,

New York.

13. Shukla G.S. and Upadhyanana- Economic Zoology

14. A text book of zoology. Vol-I, Non Chordates. V.S. Dhami and J.K. Dhamu.

Pradeep Jain Publisher.1995

15. C.M. Vimala – Introductory zoology Vol. I and II.

ZOOLOGY: II SEMESTER

PAPER-II: NON CHORDATA PART – II


UNIT-I: PHYLUM ARTHROPODA 19 Hrs



Peripatus: Unique features, affinities with Annelida and Arthropoda, Systematicposition. 02

Hrs

Prawn(Penaeus): Morphology, appendages- structure of a typical appendage, concept of

serial homology, structure and function of appendages, reproductive system and life cycle.

08 Hrs

Body wall: Structure and significance. 01 Hr

Respiratory organs: Gills, book gills, trachea and book lungs. 02 Hrs

Sense organs: Structure of Simple eye and Compound eye. 01 Hr

Metamorphosis: Definition, types and neuro-endocrine control of

metamorphosis in insects. 03 Hrs

UNIT-II: PHYLUM MOLLUSCA 10 Hrs



Unio: Externals, structure of the shell in section, digestive, circulatory, respiratoryand

reproductive systems and life cycle. 08 Hrs

UNIT-III: PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA 11 Hrs



Sea star (Asterias): Externals, digestive and water vascular systems, reproductive system and

life history. 07 Hrs

Echinoderm larvae: Structure and significance of Bipinnaria, Ophiopluteus, Echinopluteus

and Auricularia larvae. 02 Hrs

UNIT-IV: MINOR PHYLA 01 Hrs

4.1 Rotifera: Salient features and biological significance. 01 Hr

UNIT-V: HEMICHORDATA- Link between Non- chordates and chordates 05 Hrs

Balanoglossus: Morphology, Mofication of the coelom in the three regions and

Tornaria larva. 03 Hrs

Affinities and systematic position of Hemichordata. 02 Hr

UNIT-VI: ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY 10 Hrs

Role of insects in biological control. 02 Hrs

Apiculture: Honey Bee species bee keeping- Indigenous and modern methods,

economic importance of Honey bee. 03 Hrs

Prawn Culture: Fresh water and marine water prawn culture, preservation and

processing of prawn. 03 Hrs

Beneficial and harmful Molluscs, Pearl culture, Chank and lime industries.

02 Hrs

ZOOLOGY: II SEMESTER PRACTICAL


Duration: 3 Hrs/Unit Total numbers of units: 14 Units

1. Arthropoda: Specimens of Peripatus, Centipede, Millipede, Limulus, Spider and

Scorpion. 01 Unit

2. Arthropoda: Specimens: Termite- Queen, Worker and Soldier.

Slides of Crustacean larvae-Nauplius, Zoea, Mysis 02 Units

3. Arthropoda: Mouth parts of Honey Bee, Mosquito, Butterfly and Housefly.01 Unit

4. Mollusca: Specimens of Chiton, Mytilus, Sepia and Aplysia.

Slides of Glochidium larva. 01 Unit

5. Mollusca: Shell pattern- Pila, Nautilus, Patella, Cypraea, Dentalium

and Cuttle bone. 01 Unit

6. Echinodermata: Specimens of Sea star, Brittle star, Sea urchin, Cake urchin,

Sea cucumber and Sea lily.

Slides of Bipinnaria, Ophiopluteus and Echinopluteus larvae. 02 Units

7. Hemichordata: Balanoglossus- Specimen, T.S through Proboscis, 01 Unit

Tornaria larva.

8. Dissection (Visuals): 03 Units

a) Cockroach: 1. Mouth parts 2. Nervous system 01 Unit

b) Fresh water Mussel: 1. Digestive system

9. Revision class

10. Practical test

2. Nervous system 02 Units

01 Unit

01 Unit

ZOOLOGY: II SEMESTER PRACTICAL



Duration: 03 Hrs Max Marks: 35

Q1. IDENTIFICATION

Identify, classify and comment on A to F with labeled diagrams (4 Marks each)

6x4=24 Marks


Identify, draw and comment on the marked parts of the specimen projected.

(Any two parts)

2x3=6 Marks

Q3. Class record. 05 Marks

TOTAL= 35 Marks

Note: For question One - 4 specimens to be selected (one from each phylum) and

any two slides.


1. Barens R.D 1968 and 1980. Invertebrate Zoology. 2nd Edition. Saunders Philadelphia

2. Barrington E.J.W., 1969- Invertebrate Structure and Function. Nelson, London.

3. Banerjee V. 1993. Invertebrate zoology Bharathi Bhavan Publishers, Patna.

4. Bhamrahn S. and Kavitha Juneja, 1991. Zoology phylum series, Anmol Publications,

Delhi.

5. Hyman, L.H. 1940-67. The invertebrate Vol. I-IV. Mc Graw-Hill.New York.

6. Jordan E.L. and Verma P.S. 1963- Invertebrate Zoology.

7. Kotpal, R.L. 1998. Invertebrate

8. Russell-Hunter, W.D. 1968. Biology of lower invertebrates. Macmillan

Company, New York.

9. Nigam, H.C. 1991. Biology of Non Chordates.

10. Shukla G.S. and Upadhyanana- Economic Zoology

11. Reena and Mattur- Economic Zoology

12. S.N. Prased -Invertebrate Zoology

13. Parker and Haswell Vol.I.

14. Ekambernath Iyer M and Anantha Krishna J.N. 1986. Outline of Zoology:

Invertebrate Vol.I.

15. A text book of zoology. Vol-I, Non Chordates. V.S. Dhami and J.K. Dhami.

Pradeep Jain Publisher.1995

16. C. N. Vimla, Introductory zoology Vol. 2.

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR

WOMEN JAYANAGAR,

BANGALORE-560011

ZOOLOGY: III SEMESTER

PAPER-III: CHORDATA - I


UNIT-I: CHORDATA 01 Hr

1.1 Basic chordate characters and outline classification of chordates

UNIT-II PROTOCHORDATA 08 Hrs

Urochordata: Ascidian – Morphology, Ascidian tadpole and 03 Hrs

Retrogressive metamorphosis.

Cephalochordata: Amphioxus- Morphology, Feeding and Circulatory system. 05 Hrs

UNIT-III AGNATHA 03 Hrs

General characters of Agnatha 01 Hr

Salient features of Cyclostomata and Ostracodermi with examples. 01 Hr

Structure of Ammocoete larva and its significance 01 Hr

UNIT -IV PISCES 13 Hrs

General characters of Superclass- Pisces and classifications upto classes

with characters and examples of Chonrdrichthyes and Osteichthyes 02 Hr

Scoliodon- External features, Digestive system, circulatory system,

Neuromast organs (lateral line sensory system and Ampullae of

lorenzini)

and Urinogenital system 09 Hrs

Dipnoi: Interesting features 01 Hr

Placodermi: Salient features with examples. 01 Hr

UNIT-V AMPHIBIA 16 Hrs General characters and classification of living amphibians upto

orders, with suitable examples 02 Hrs

Origin of Amphibians 01 Hrs

Frog (Rana species) – as a type study 09 Hrs

i) Digestive system including buccal cavity

ii) Respiratory system- Cutaneous respiration, buccal respiration and

Pulmonary respiration

iii) Circulatory system- a) Structure of the heart

b) Arterial system

c) Venous system

iv) Nervous system- a) Cranial Nervous system- structure of the brain and spinal cord

b) Peripheral nervous system- cranial and spinal nerves,

their origin, distribution and function

c) Sympathetic nervous system

v) Urinogenital system of male and female

Neuroendocrine control of metamorphosis

Parental care in Pipa, Gastrothecus, Alytes and Ichithyophis.

02 Hrs

02 Hrs

UNIT -VI CLASS REPTILIA

07 Hrs

6.1 General characters and classification of modern Reptiles with suitable examples 01 Hr

6.2 Adaptive radiations in Extinct and Extant Reptiles with suitable examples 02 Hrs

6.3 Temporal Fossae in Reptile 02 Hrs

6.4 Interesting features of Sphenodon 01 Hr

6.5 Snakes: Poison apparatus, Identification of poisonous and non poisonous snakes. 01 Hrs

UNIT-VII ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY 08 Hrs

7.1 PISICULTURE: 04 Hrs

(a) Definition of aquaculture and pisiculture, inland and marine fisheries,

inland pisiculture- Procedure, composite fish farming and significance.

(b) A brief account of fish gears and crafts.

(c) Fish processing and preservation.

(d) Economic importance of fishes.

SNAKE VENOM 04 Hrs

a) Venom types

b) Chemical composition and its effects

c) Treatment of snake bite

d) Production of antivenom and its significance.

NMKRV COLLEGE FOR

WOMEN JAYANAGAR,

BANGALORE-560011

III SEMESTER B.Sc ZOLOOGY

PRACTICAL CHORDATA - I

PAPER-III

14 UNITS

1. PROTOCHORDATA- Ascidia and amphioxus, T.S of Amphioxus through pharynx, and

intestine. 01 Unit

2. CYCLOSTOMATA- Petromyzon, Ammocoete larva and Myxine. 01 Unit

3. PISCES-

(a) Cartilaginous fishes- Narcine, Trygon, Pristis, Myliobatis (any two).

(b) Bony fishes-Hippocampus, Muraena, Echenesis, Tetradon, Ostracion, Pleuronectus,

Diodon. (Any four)

Accessory respiratory organs- Saccobranchus, Clarius and Anabas. 03 Units

4. AMPHIBIA-

(a) Frog, Bufo, Ambystoma

(b) Endoskeleton of frog- Skull, Vertebral column, Gridles and Limb bones. 02 Units

5. REPTILIA-

(a) Turtle, Tortoise,Calotes, Varanus, Draco and Phyrnosoma

(b) Study of Carapace and Plastron of Turtle or Tortoise

(c) Poisonous snakes: Sea Snake, Cobra, Krait, Russel’s Viper and

Non-poisonous snake (any one) Ex. Rat snake. 03 Units

6. DISSECTION (VISUALS):

a) Shark: Afferent and Efferent branchial system and brain

b) Frog: Urinogenital system of male and female 02 Units

7. Revision Class. 01 Unit

8. Practical Test. 01 unit

SCHEME OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

PAPER-III CHORDATA-I

Duration= 3 Hrs Max Marks= 35

Q1. IDENTIFICATION

Indentification,Classification and Comment on A to F

(One slide, One Bone of frog, Carapace or Plastron of Turtle/Tortoise is compulsory)

6 x 4 = 24 marks


Identify, draw and comment on the marked parts of the specimen projected

(Any two parts) 2x3=06 marks

Q3. Class Record 05 marks

TOTAL = 35 Marks


1. Kotpal Series- Vertebrates.

2. A Manual of Zoology by Ekambarnath and Vishwanathan.

3. Protochordata by Bhatia.

4. Vertebrate by Young.

5. Parker and Haswal Volume-II.

6. Ascidian by Kurian and Sebestain.

7. Introductory Zoology- Volume- III. By C.M. Vimala.

8. Chordate Zoology- T.S. Dhami and J.K. Dhami.

9. Chordate Zoology by C.L. Jordan and P.S. Verma.

10. Economic Zoology by Shukla and Upadayana

11. Economic Zoology by Reena and Mattur.

ZOOLOGY: IV SEMESTER

PAPER-IV

CHORDATA – II, COMPARATIVE ANATOMTY AND ORGANIC EVOLUTION


UNIT-I: AVES 05 Hrs

General characters, differences between Ratitae and Carinatae. 02 Hrs

Interesting feature of Archaeopteryx. 01 Hr

Flight adaptations in birds. 02 Hrs

UNIT-II: MAMMALIA 12 Hrs

General characters and classifications up to sub classes

(prototheria,metatheria and Eutheria) with suitable examples. 02 Hrs

Interesting features of mammalian Orders (Insectivora, Carnivora, Chiroptera,

Cetacea, Proboscidae, Ungulata- Perissodactyla and Artidactyla and Primates-

Platyrhini and Catarhini) with suitable examples. 08 Hrs

Dentition in mammals, evolution of molar tooth. 02 Hrs

UNIT-III: COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 18 Hrs

Integuments and its derivatives in fishes (cartilaginous andbony),

Amphibians Eg. Frog, Reptiles Eg. Lizard, Birds Eg. Pigeon

and

Mammal Eg. Rabbit or Rat. 05 Hrs

Evolutionary trends of vertebrates hearts- Shark, Frog, lizard, Pigeon and

Rabbit or Rat. 05 Hrs

Evolutionary trends in the structure of vertebrates brains: Shark, Frog, Lizard,

Bird and Rabbit. 05 Hrs

Evolution of excretory structure in vertebrates- Pronephrons, Mesonephrons and Metanephrons

in different classes of vertebrates 03 Hrs

UNIT-IV: ORGANIC EVOLUTION 21 Hrs

Chemical evolution of Life: Contribution of Oparin and Haldane

to be highlighted, Stanley Miller’s experiment. 02 Hr

Lamarkism, Darwinism, Critical analysis of Darwinism,

Natural selection- Introduction, stabilizing selection, directional selection and

Disruptive selection

Mutation theory of Hugo De Vries, De-merits of Mutation theory

Neo- Darwinism: Concept of genepool and gene frequency,

Hardy- Weinberg law- Definition and significance 06 Hrs

Speciation:Introduction, types- Allopatic and Sympatic 03 Hrs

Isolating mechanisms: Introduction, Definition of geographical isolation,

Reproductive isolation, prezygotic and post zygotic isolation

Mutation: Definition, Mutation theory of Hugo-De-Vries, salient features of mutation theory

Evidences of organic evolution: a) Morphology and comparative anatomy-

Homologous structures, Analogous structures,

Atavism and adaptive radiations.

b) Embryological evidences

c) Physiological and serological evidences

d) Palaeontological evidences: Fossils-Introduction,

Fossil formation and types (Petrification, Preservation,

Impressions, Moulds and casts) 08 Hrs

Evolution of Man: Introduction, Salient feature of important fossil stages of

Human- Ramapithecus, Australopithecus, Homo erectus, Rhodesian man,

Neanderthal Man and Cro-magnon man. 02 Hrs

IV SEMESTER B.Sc ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL

PAPER-IV:CHORDATA – II, COMPARATIVE ANATOMTY

AND ORGANIC EVOLUTION

14 Units

1. AVES- 03 Units

a) Endoskeleton – Skull, Heterocoelous Vertebra, Synsacrum, Sternum,

Pectoral girdle, Pelvic girdle.

b) Beak modification- Duck, King fisher, Parrot, Wood pecker, Eagle/Vulture

2. MAMMALIA-

(a) Specimens- Mangoose, Squirrel, Bat, Pangolin, Rabbit, Monkey,

Loris, Hedgehog(Any four). 01 Unit

(b) Dentition- Lower jaw of Rabbit, Cat, Man and Horse. 01 Unit

(c) Epidermal derivatives- Hair, Hoof, Horns of cow or goat. 02 units

3. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

(a) Comparative study of Skin of Vertebrates- Fish, Frog and Rat. 01 Unit

(b) Comparative study of Heart of Vertebrates- Fish (Shark), Amphibian (Frog), Bird

(Hen/ Pigeon) and Mammal (Rat/Rabbit/Human). 01 Unit

(c) Comparative study of Brain of Vertebrates- Fish (Shark), Amphibian (Frog), Bird

(Hen/ Pigeon) and Mammal (Rat/Rabbit/Human). 01 Unit

4. ORGANIC EVOLUTION 04 Units

1. Study of Homologous Organs:

(a) Forelimb of frog and Bird

(b) Mouth parts of Cockroach and Mosquito.

2. Study of Analogous Organs:

(a) Wing of Insect and Bird.

(b) Vertebrate Eye and Cephalopod Eye.

3. Study of vestigial organs- Appendix, Coccyx, Molar tooth

SCHEME OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

PAPER – IV

CHORDATA – II, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND ORGANIC EVOLUTION

Duration – 3 Hrs Max marks - 35

Q1. IDENTIFICATION

Identify and comment on A to D 4X4=16 Marks

Q2. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

Identify 1 and 2 and comment on the evolutionary trends with labeled diagrams

2x4=8 Marks

Q3. ORGANIC EVOLUTION

Comment on evolutionary importance of 3 and 4 2x3=6 Marks

Q4. Class Record 05 Marks


1. Kotpal Series- Vertebrates.

2. Vertebrates by Young.

3. A Manual of Zoology by Ekambarnath and Vishwanathan.

4. Comparative Anatomy by Komar.

5. Comparative Anatomy by Eten and Kent.

6. Chordate Zoology- P.S. Dhami and J.K. Dhami.

7. Chordate Zoology by E.L. Jordan And P.S. Verma.

8. Evolution Biology- Veer Bala Rastogi.

9. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates- George. C. Kent.

10. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates -S.K. Kulshrestha.

11. Organic Evolution by Lal.

12. Cytology, Genetics and Evolution by P.K. Gupta.

13. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology by P.S. Verma and

V.K. Agarwal.

14. A Manual of Practical Zoology by P.S. Verma.

15. Chordate Anatomy by Mohan.P. Arora.

16. A Manual of Zoology Chordates Volum II- Ekambarnath Ayyar.

RASHTREEYA SHIKSHANA SAMITHI TRUST


Jayanagar, Bangalore-560011

AUTONOMOUS

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: V SEMESTER

PAPER-V: HUMAN ANATOMY AND MAMMALIAN HISTOLOGY

TOPICS: THEORY: 42 Hrs

UNIT-I: HUMAN ANATOMY: GROSS ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE

FOLLOWING ORGANS AND A BRIEF NOTE ON THEIR FUNCTIONS. 27 hrs

1. Digestive system

06 hrs

(i) Oral cavity, tongue, salivary glands, dentition with section of tooth 03 hrs

(ii) Pharynx, Oesophagus, stomach, intestine (small and large) 02 hrs

(iii) Digestive glands- pancreas and liver 01 hr

2. Respiratory system

Functional anatomy of the respiratory system

and Para-nasal sinuses 01 hr

3. Cardiovascular system 05 hrs

(i) Heart anatomy- Longitudinal section, size, location, covering, wall,

chambers, valves and skeleton of heart.

03 hrs

(ii) Principal branches of the aorta 01 hrs

(iii) Lymph nodes- structure, location and functions 01 hr

4. Urinary system 02 hrs

(i) Gross structure of urinary system 01 hr

(ii) Longitudinal section of a kidney 01 hr

5. Nervous system 06 hrs

(i) Central Nervous System- Longitudinal section of brain and spinal cord.

Brief account of functional areas of the brain

03 hrs

(ii) Peripheral nervous system- Structure of peripheral nerves;

List of cranial and spinal nerves; Autonomic nerve fibres- Sympathetic and

parasympathetic

03 hrs

6. Endoskeleton

07 hrs

(i) General structure of skull and vertebrae 02 hrs

(ii) General structure of pectoral girdle- scapula, clavicle,

Fore limb bones- Humerus, Radius and Ulna 02 hrs

(iii) General structure of pelvic girdle- Hip bone,

Hind limb bones- Femur, Patella, Tibia and Fibula 02 hrs

(iv) A brief account of Tendons and Ligaments 01 hr

UNIT-II: MAMMALIAN HISTOLOGY: HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE

FOLLOWING ORGANS 15 Hrs

1. Tongue- (a) Four types of papillae- circumvallate, filiform, fungiform and foliate

(b) Taste buds 02 hrs

2. Stomach and types of gastric glands 02 hrs

3. Intestine, liver, pancreas, thyroid, adrenal, ovary, testis, pituitary, kidney and spleen 10

hrs

4. Histochemistry- stains and staining- types;

Natural and synthetic dyes and their mode of action 01 hr

SUGGESTED REFERENCES:

1. A text book of human anatomy and physiology by Totora and Tortora.

2. Hand book of anatomy and physiology for nurses by Sheila Jackson.

3. Human anatomy and physiology by Ross and Wilson.

4. A text book of human anatomy by Dr. Ranganathan.

5. Human anatomy and physiology by Martin.

6. Atlas of human anatomy by R.D. Sinelnikov.

7. Human anatomy by John W. Hole, Karen A. Koos

8. Human anatomy and physiology by Joan G. Creager.

9. Human anatomy and physiology by Elaine N. Marieb

10. Histology by Bailey.

11. Histology by Bevelander.

12. Histology by Berry A. K.

13. Histology by Ham.

14. Atlas of histology Freeman

15. Atlas of histology Papero

16. Atlas of histology Mariano

17. Pearse, A.G. E. 1968. Histochemistry Vol. I and II. Chruchill Livingstone, Edinbergh, London,

Newyork.

18. Bloom and D. Faweett. 1972. Text book of histology 10th Ed.

19. Fundamentals of histology by Verma G. D.

20. Introductory histology by Gauba L. R

21. A text book of histology by Ramesh Mathur and Meenakshi Mehta.

22. Chordate zoology by Dhami and Dhami.

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: V SEMESTER PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

PAPER-V:HUMAN ANATOMY AND MAMMALIAN

HISTOLOGY

Total Number of Units-14 Unit duration: 3 Hrs

1. STUDY OF GROSS STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN ORGANS 02 Units

Brain, Eye, Heart, Kidney and Lung

2. Observation of Histological slides: 06 Units

Tongue, Stomach, Intestine, Liver, Pancreas, Spleen, Pituitary, Thyroid,

Testis, Ovary, Adrenal and Kidney.

3. Gross structure of human skeleton: 04 Units

Bones of Axial skeleton

Bones of Appendicular skeleton

4. Revision class 01 Unit

5. Practical test 01 Unit

6. Submission of any one model pertaining to human anatomy.

(Note: Models and Photographs can be used)

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: V SEMESTER PRACTICAL

PAPER V: HUMAN ANATOMY AND MAMMALIAN HISTOLOGY


Duration: 03 Hrs Max. Marks: 35

Q1. Mammalian Histology: 3x5=15 Marks

Identify slides A, B and C giving histological reasons

with supportive labeled diagrams

Q2. Human Anatomy:

Identify and comment with labeled diagram

a) Soft Anatomy- one identification 05 Marks

b) Hard Anatomy- one identification 05 Marks

Q3. Model

Submission of any one model pertaining to human anatomy

05 Marks

Q4. Class Record 05 Marks




AUTONOMOUS

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: V SEMESTER

PAPER-VI: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY


UNIT-I: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY 39 hrs

1. Vegetative Functions:

a) Digestion: 04 hrs

(i) Neural- hormonal control of digestive glandular secretion

(ii) Symbiotic digestion in ruminants

(iii) Disorders- Hyperacidity, Ulcer, Gastritis, Jaundice and Cirrhosis of liver

b) Circulation: 03 hrs

(i) Respiratory pigments: Major types and their features

(ii) Transport of respiratory gases

(iii) Disorders- Hyper and hypo tension, Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis,

Mitral stenosis, Myocardial infarction, Heart failure,

c) Respiration: 03 hrs

(i) Regulation of respiration

(ii) Oxygen dissociation curve and its significance

(iii) Effects of smoking and carbon monoxide poisoning.

d) Excretion: 03 hrs

(i) Introduction

(ii) Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism with examples

(iii) Formation of ammonia(deamination of aminoacids),

Urea(Ornithine cycle) and Uric acid (Purine degradation)

(iv) Disorders- Renal calculi, Nephritis, Cystitis, Gout.

e) Physiology of Reproduction: 04 hrs

(i) Role of hormones in gametogenesis

(ii) Reproductive cycle

(iii) Gestation

(iv) Parturition

(v) Lactation

Disorders: Poly ovarian cyst syndrome (POCS),

Prostate enlargement.

f) Muscle Physiology: 04 hrs

(i) Ultra structure of skeletal muscle

(ii) Chemical composition of muscle

(iii) Physico-chemical aspects of muscle contraction

(iv) Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

g) Physiology of nerve: 03 hrs

(i) Propagation and conduction of nerve impulse- axonal and synaptic

(ii) Neuro-transmitters.

(iii) Disorders: Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

h) Physiology of sense organs 03 hrs

(i) Vision

(ii) Hearing

(iii) Equilibrium

(iv) Olfaction

2. Homeostatic functions: 12 hrs

a) Concept of homeostasis and role of feedback mechanism- 03 hrs

Positive-Oxytocin secretion, Negative- Thyroid, Parathyroid and

Adrenal secretion

b) Endocrinology 06 hrs

(i) Introduction, chemical nature of hormones

(ii) Endocrine glands: secretion and their actions, effect of

hypo secretion and hyper secretion.

(iii) Concept of neuro- secretion with examples

(iv) Hormonal control of metamorphosis in insects and amphibians.

c) Osmoregulation 02 hrs

(i) Introduction, types of osmoregulatory mechanisms with examples

(ii) Osmoregulation in migratory fishes.

d) Thermo regulation in homeotherms 01 hr

(i) Methods of heat loss and heat gain

(ii) Role of hypothalamus in thermoregulation

UNIT-II: CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS 03 hrs

Description, Working Principle and application of Endoscope, Laproscope, Stethoscope,

Sphygmonanometer, ECG, CT-Scan and MRI


1. Animal physiology by Hoar

2. Human physiology by A.C. Guyton

3. Human physiology Vol. I and II by Chatterjee

4. Animal physiology by Rondol

5. Medical physiology by Grabowski and Tortora

6. Animal physiology by Verma P.S., Tyagi B.S. and Agarwal V.K.

7. Animal physiology and Ecology by Itta Sambasivaiah, Kamalakara Rao and Augustine

Chellappa

8. Physiology and Molecular biology by Guyton A. C.

9. Animal physiology by Sheewood, Klandrot and Yanery

10. General and Comparative physiology by William Hoar S.

11. Text book of animal physiology by Hurkat P.C. and Mathur P.N.

12. A text book of human anatomy and physiology by Totora and Tortora

13. Experimental physiology by Kulsherestha V. V.

14. Review of Medical physiology by Ganong.

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: V SEMESTER PRACTICAL SYLLABUS



1. PHYSIOLOGY 08 Units

a) Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates and proteins.

b) Qualitative analysis of nitrogenous wastes- ammonia, urea and uric acid.

c) Quantitative estimation of oxygen consumption by fresh water crab/ fish.

d) Quantitative estimation of salt gain and salt loss by fresh water crab/fish.

e) Repetition of all experiments.

2. INSTRUMENTATION 03 Units

a) Sphygmomanometer

b) ECG

c) Echo-cardiogram

d) Dialyser

e) Kymograph

f) Endoscope

g) C.T. Scan

(NOTE: Diagrams/Photographs/Models can be provided)

3. PROJECT REPORT: 01 Units

A visit to laboratories/Hospitals/Clinics/Research Institutions

4. Revision class 01 Unit

5. Practical Test 01 Unit

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: V SEMESTER PRACTICAL



Duration: 03 hrs Max marks: 35

Q1. Physiology experiment 15 marks

(Principle, Procedure, Calculation, Result and Discussion)

Q2. Comment on the given Instrument 05 marks

Q3. Project Report Submission 10 marks

Q4. Class Record 05 marks




AUTONOMOUS

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: VI SEMESTER

PAPER-VII: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

AND ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR (ETHOLOGY)


UNIT-I: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 18 hrs

1. Egg types- Based on amount and distribution of yolk with examples: 01 hr

(a) Alecithal (b) Microlecithal (c) Mesolecithal (d) Macrolecithal

(e) Isolecithal (f) Telolecithal (g) Centrolecithal

2. Spermatogenesis: 02 hrs

Definition, Formation of Spermatids, Spermiogenesis, Sertolicells and their role in

spermatogenesis, Structure of a typical mammalian sperm.

3. Oogenesis: 02 hrs

Definition, Oogenesis process, Mosaic and Regulative eggs,

Types of egg membranes with examples, Cleidoic egg (e.g. Hen’s egg)

4. Fertilization: 02 hrs

Introduction, Types, Mechanism of fertilization, Monospermic and

Polyspermic fertilization with examples, Significance of fertilization

5. Cleavage: 02 hrs

Planes of cleavage- Meridional, Vertical, Equatorial and Latitudinal plane.

Pattern of cleavage- Radial type, Biradial, Spiral, Bilateral, Determinate and

Indeterminate cleavage with examples, Influence of yolk in cleavage.

6. Blastulation: 01 hr

Comparative account with reference to Amphioxus and Frog.

7. Fate maps: 02 hrs

Presumptive organ forming areas and fate maps in frog and chick

8. Gastrulation: 03 hrs

Introduction, Gastrulation in Amphioxus, Frog and Chick

9. Organogenesis: 03 hrs

Neurulation, Notogenesis and Mesodermal differentiation in Frog.

UNIT-II: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY 16 hrs

1. Fundamentals of Ecology 08 hrs

a) Introduction, Scope and sub-divisions of Ecology 01 Hr

b) Concept of Habitat: Micro and Macro-habitat 01 Hr

c) Concept of Ecological Niche: Spatial, Trophic and Multidimensional 01 Hr

d) Abiotic factors: Light, Temperature and Soil. 2+2+1 Hrs

2. Energy flow in the Ecosystem: Laws of thermodynamics 01 hr

3. Concept of Productivity 01 hr

4. Population Ecology: 03 hrs

Population attributes- Density, Natality, Mortality, Age distribution,

Growth, Dispersion and Biotic Potential

5. Community Ecology: 03 hrs

Intra and Interspecific Interactions-

Negative (Antibiosis, Competition, Parasitism and Predatism) and

Positive (Commensalism, Proto Co-operation and Mutualism)

UNIT-III: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR (ETHOLOGY) 08 hrs

1. Stereotyped and Acquired behaviour: 02 hrs

a) Kinesis, Taxes, Reflexes, Instincts and Motivations with suitable examples

b) Acquired behavior: Learning- Imprinting and Habituation,

Trial and Error learning.

2. Migratory behaviour: 02 hrs

Fish migration and Bird migration

3. Communication in Animals: 02 hrs

Types of Communication, Dances of Honey bees,

Eco-location or Sonar in Bat, Releaser,

Aggression and Bioluminescence.

4. Parental Care: 01 hr

Fishes (Tilapia and Seahorse), Amphibians(Ichthyophis and Alytus) and

Mammals ( Kangaroo)

5. Biological rhythm- Circadian rhythms, diagnostic features of biological clock. 01hr


1. Introduction to Embryology by Balinsky B. C.

2. Development by Beril N.J. and Karpotata.

3. Developmental Biology by Gilbert.

4. Embryology by Barath

5. Embryology by Gilbert and Raunio.

6. Chick embryology by Pattern.

7. An Introduction to embryology by Berry A. K.

8. Developmental Biology by Agarwal and Usha Gupta.

9. Introduction to Animal Behaviour by Manning A. and M. S. Dawkins.

10. Animal behaviour by Robert A.

11. Learning and Instinct in animals by Trope.

12. Animal behaviour by A. L. Cock.

13. Elements of Ecology by Thomas Smith S.M. and Robert Leo Smith.

14. Concept of Ecology by Edward Kormondy J.

15. Environmental Biology by Sharma P. D.

16. Ethology by Reena and Mattur.

17. Ecology by Charles J. Krebs

18. Fundamentals of Ecology by Eugene P. Odum.

19. Fundamentals of ethology by Dadguru Prasad.

20. Animal Ecology and Distribution of animals by Veerbala Rastogi and Jayaraj M.S.

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: VI SEMESTER PRACTICAL SYLLABUS




1. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 05 Units

a) Types of Eggs:

Alecithal (Eg. Mammalian egg), Centrolecithal (Eg. Egg of Silkmoth) 01 Unit

Macrolecithal (Eg. Hen’s egg)

b) Early development of Frog:

Cleavage, Blastula, Gastrula with yolk plug stage and Neurula. 02 Units

c) Development of Chick:

18 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs. 02 Units

2. ECOLOGY EXPERIMENT 04 Units

a) Estimation of dissolved oxygen in water samples.

b) Estimation of Salinity in water samples.

c) Estimation of dissolved organic matter in water samples.

d) Repetition of Experiments.

3. ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS 03 Units

a) Tubiculous worms: Chaetopterus

b) Burrowing (fussorial) form: Amphioxus

c) Sedentary form: Balanus

d) i. Passive fliers: Exocoetus

ii. Active fliers: Bird

e) Animal associations:

i. Polymorphic forms: Physalia

ii. Facultative mutualism: Hermit crab and Sea anemone

4. Revision Class 01 Unit

5. Practical Test 01 Unit

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: VI SEMESTER PRACTICAL





Q1.Developmental Biology: 3x4=12 marks

Identify and Comment on A, B and C with supportive labeled diagram

Q2. Ecology Experiment: One 10 marks

Q3. Ecological Adaptations: 2x4=08 marks

Identify and Comment on the ecological adaptation

with labeled diagram of A and B

Q4. Class record 05 marks




AUTONOMOUS

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: VI SEMESTER

PAPER-VIII: CELL BIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND GENETICS


UNIT-I: CELL BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 17 hrs

1. Ultra structure of an animal cell 07 hrs

a) Plasma membrane- Structure - Fluid mosaic model by Singer and Nicolson

Chemical composition, Functions- Permeability,

Transport: Passive transport (Diffusion and Osmosis) and

Active transport,Absorption, Exocytosis, Endocytosis,

Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis.

b) Morphology of nucleus.

c) Ultra structure and functions of (i) Mitochondria (ii) Centrioles

2. Giant chromosomes: Polytene and Lampbrush chromosomes. 02 hrs

3. Biology of Cancer 03 hrs

Introduction, Types, General properties of Cancer cells, Carcinogens,

Prevention and regulation, Chemotherapy, Radio therapy and Gene therapy.

4. Parthenogenesis: Definition, types with examples 02 hrs

a) Natural- Complete and Incomplete parthenogenesis, Arhenotoky, and

Thelytoky (Ameiotic and Meiotic)

b) Artificial Parthenogenesis

c) Significance

5. Immunology 03 hrs

Introduction, Brief account of lymphatic system,

B and T lymphocytes, Immune response

02 hrs

Transplantation, Surgery, Rejection of graft, Immuno supressors. 01 hr

UNIT-II: GENETICS

25 hrs

1. Deviation from Mendelism

07 hrs

a) Multiple allelism (Ex: Inheritance of ABO and MN Blood groups)

Rh factor and its inheritance (Gene complex and Multiple allele theories)

Erythroblastosis foetalis.

03 hrs

b) Interaction of genes:

Concept and Example: Inheritance of comb shape in poultry

01 hr

c) Sex- linkage: Concept and types 02 hrs

(i) X- linked Inheritance: Eye colour in Drosophila,

Colourblindness and Haemophilia

[Inheritance and construction of pedigree charts]

(ii) Y- linked Inheritance: Hypertrichosis in Man.

d) Cytoplasmic Inheritance: Kappa particles in Paramecium 01 Hr

2. Sex Determination and Chromosomal Aberrations 06 hrs

a) Chromosomal basis of sex determination: Types with examples 02 hrs

Genic balance theory, Gynandromorphs and Free Martins.

b) Chromosomal aberrations: Types 04 hrs

Structural (Duplication, Deletion, Inversion and Translocation)

Numerical (Aneuploidy, Euploidy and Polyploidy)

Allosomal syndromes: Non-disjunction of sex chromosomes in Man Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndrome.

Autosomal syndromes: Down’s syndrome, Edward’s syndrome

and Cri-du-chat syndrome.

3. Concept of Gene, Gene Mutations and Eugenics 06 hrs

a) Classic concept of gene: Cistron, Recon, Muton

Operon Concept: Inducible Operon (Ex: Lac Operon)

Repressible Operon (Ex: Tryptophan Operon) 02 hrs

b) Gene Mutations: Sponteneous and Induced Mutations

ClB- Method of detection of Lethal mutations

Chemical Mutagens, Effects of radiation. 02 hrs

c) Eugenics: Definition, Positive and Negative aspects, Genetic counseling,

Euthenics and Euphenics. 02 hrs

4. Genetic Engineering/Recombinant DNA (rDNA) Technology: 03 hrs

a) Introduction

b) Components of rDNA technology: (i) Molecular tools- Restriction enzymes, DNA ligases,

Alkaline phosphatase

(ii) Host Cells- Prokaryotic hosts and Eukaryotic hosts

(iii) Vectors- Plasmids, Bacteriophages, Cosmids,

Artificial chromosome vector,

Shuttle vectors, Choice of a vector

(iv) Bioreactors

c) Methods of gene transfer in animals- Transfection-Microinjection,

Electroporation of DNA, lipofection and direct transfer of DNA

5. Applications of Biotechnology: 03 hrs

a) Transgenesis: 02 hrs

(i) Introduction- Definition and significance

(ii) Transgenesis in mice, gene targeting in mice,

Knock-out and Knock-in technology

b) Stem Cells- Introduction, Features, Types, Sources and Applications 01 hr


1. Cell Biology by C. B. Powar Vol I and II.

2. Cell Biology by Tomer and Singh.

3. Cytology by Sundara Rajan S.

4. Cellular and Molecular Biology, Rastogi publication.

5. Cytology and Genetics by Bhamrah H. S.

6. Cell Biology by Berry S. K.

7. Cytology by Dr. Dalela R. C. and Verma S. R.

8. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular biology and Evolution by S. Chand.

9. An Introduction to Immunology by C.V. Rao.

10. Genetics by Sundara Rajan.

11. Genetics by Gupta P. K.

12. Cytology, Genetics and Evolution by Gupta P. K.

13. Genetics by Monroe W., Stick berger, Mac Millan publication.

14. Cytogenetics by Mohan Arora P.

15. Genetic Engineering by William.

16. Genetic Engineering by Sandhya Mitra.

17. Gene cloning by Brown.

18. Cytology and Genetics by Nandini Shetty.

19. Human Genetics by Mange and Mange.

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: VI SEMESTER PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

PAPER-VIII: CELLBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND GENETICS


1. CELLBIOLOGY 06 Units

a) Squash preparation of onion root tip(mitosis)

and Grass hopper testis (meiosis) 04 Units

b) Occular Micrometry- Measurement of Cells using Micrometer. 02 Units

2. GENETICS 08 Units

a) Solving problems in Genetics: 05 Units

i. Monohybrid

ii. Dihybrid

iii. Incomplete dominance

iv. Sex linkage

v. Blood groups in man

b) Syndrome Spotters: 02 Units

i. Klinefelter’s syndrome

ii. Turner’s syndrome

iii. Down’s syndrome

iv. Cri-du-chat syndrome

c) Drosophila mutant identification: 01 Unit

Identification of normal male and female

Mutants- Body, Wing and Eye colour.

(NOTE: PHOTOGRAPHS/MODELS/CHARTS MAY BE SHOWN)

III B.Sc. ZOOLOGY: VI SEMESTER PRACTICAL

PAPER-VIII: CELL BIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND GENETICS



Q1. CELLBIOLOGY

a) Squash preparation of onion root tip/ Grass hopper testis 05 Marks

b) Micrometry 05 Marks

(Tabulation-02 marks, Calculation-01 mark, Comment-02 marks)

Q2. GENETICS

c) Genetic problem: Two 10 Marks

d) Identification:

i. Human syndrome spotter: One 05 Marks

ii. Mutants of Drosophila: Two 2 ½ x 2=05 Marks

Q3. CLASS RECORD 05 Marks

[NOTE: PHOTOS/MODELS/CHARTS CAN BE USED]

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