Figure Figure 1 – Location of Lee Nuclear Station Multi-port Discharge Diffuser

Broad River

North

Ninety-Nine Islands Hydroelectric Project

Discharge Pipe Diffuser

Flow

Flow

Flow

Figure Figure 2 – Plan view of the geometry used in the CFD model

N

Broad River Flow Direction

Figure 3 – Computational Mesh

N

Figure 4 – Close view of geometry, showing forebay, dam, turbine openings (Turbine 4 is colored orange) and volume representing the discharge diffuser (green).

Discharge Diffuser

Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

N

Dredged area in front of turbine intakes

Figure 5 – Close view of the computational surface mesh in the forebay.

Discharge Diffuser

N

Figure 6 – Blue iso-surface showing 90°F plume for Scenario 1, 20 minutes into cycle 1. (The blue iso-surface connects all locations having 90°F and forms a closed surface. All water within this surface has temperature between 90°F and

the discharge temperature (95°F); all water outside of this surface has temperature between 90°F and the ambient river temperature (88.2 °F).

Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

90°F plume (blue) N

Figure 7 – Blue iso-surface showing 90°F plume for Scenario 1, end of cycle 1. (The blue iso-surface connects all locations having 90°F and forms a closed surface. All water within this surface has temperature between 90°F and

the discharge temperature (95°F); all water outside of this surface has temperature between 90°F and the ambient river temperature (88.2 °F).

N Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

90°F plume (blue)

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

Figure 8 – Blue iso-surface showing 90°F plume for Scenario 2, 20 minutes into cycle 1. (The blue iso-surface connects all locations having 90°F and forms a closed surface. All water within this surface has temperature between 90°F and

the discharge temperature (91°F); all water outside of this surface has temperature between 90°F and the ambient river temperature (88.2 °F).

Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

90°F plume (blue) N

Figure 9 – Blue iso-surface showing 90°F plume for Scenario 2, end of cycle 1. (The blue iso-surface connects all locations having 90°F and forms a closed surface. All water within this surface has temperature between 90°F and

the discharge temperature (91°F); all water outside of this surface has temperature between 90°F and the ambient river temperature (88.2 °F).

N 90°F plume (blue)

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

Figure 10 – Blue iso-surface showing steady-state 90°F plume for Scenario 1.

N

Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

90°F plume (blue)

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

Figure 11 – Blue iso-surface showing steady-state 90°F plume for Scenario 1, plan view.

Discharge Diffuser Location

Hydroelectric Station

N

90°F plume (blue)

Figure 12 – Blue iso-surface showing steady-state 90°F plume for Scenario 2.

Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

N 90°F plume (blue)

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

Figure 13 – Blue iso-surface showing steady-state 90°F plume for Scenario 2, plan view.

N

PLAN VIEW

Hydroelectric Station

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

90°F plume (blue – note that although the plume is shown on this figure, its small size makes it difficult to distinguish).

Figure 14 – Bar chart showing percent plume volume against depth for Scenario 1.

Figure 15 – Blue area showing cross-section of steady-state 90°F plume for Scenario 1.

Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

N

90°F plume (blue)

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

Figure 16 – Blue area showing cross-section of steady-state 90°F plume for Scenario 2.

N

Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

90°F plume (blue)

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

Figure 17 – Bar chart showing percent plume volume against depth for Scenario 2.

Figure 18 – Blue iso-surface showing steady-state ∆T = 5°F plume for Scenario 3.

N

Discharge Diffuser Location (green)

Active Turbine Intakes for Hydroelectric Station

∆T = 5°F plume (blue)

Turbine 1 Turbine 3 Turbine 4

Figure 19 – Contours of dilution ratio for Scenario 1 (95° F discharge).

N

Discharge Diffuser Location

PLAN VIEW

Hydroelectric Station

Figure 20 – Contours of dilution ratio for Scenario 2 (91° F discharge).

N

PLAN VIEW Discharge Diffuser Location

Hydroelectric Station

Figure 21 – Chronic mixing zone, 5:1 dilution ratio, for Scenario 1 (95° F discharge).

N Discharge Diffuser Location

Chronic WET mixing zone (purple)

Location of Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

Figure 22 – Chronic mixing zone, 5:1 dilution ratio, for Scenario 2 (91° F discharge).

N

Location of Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

Discharge Diffuser Location

Chronic WET mixing zone (purple)

Figure 23 – Close up view of the chronic mixing zone local to the discharge diffuser and hydroelectric station, showing the plume dimensions for Scenario 1 (95° F discharge).

N

Location of Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

Discharge Diffuser Location

Chronic WET mixing zone (purple)

Figure 24 – Close up view of the chronic mixing zone local to the discharge diffuser and hydroelectric station, showing the plume dimensions for Scenario 2 (91° F discharge).

N

Location of Active Turbine Intake for Hydroelectric Station

Discharge Diffuser Location

Chronic WET mixing zone (purple)