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Engineering Conferences InternationalECI Digital Archives
Thermal Barrier Coatings IV Proceedings
Summer 6-24-2014
New class of refractory ceramics for thermal barriercoatingsWei PanSchool of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University
Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.engconfintl.org/thermal_barrier_iv
Part of the Materials Science and Engineering Commons
This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Proceedings at ECI Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion inThermal Barrier Coatings IV by an authorized administrator of ECI Digital Archives. For more information, please contact [email protected].
Recommended CitationWei Pan, "New class of refractory ceramics for thermal barrier coatings" in "Thermal Barrier Coatings IV", U. Schulz, GermanAerospace Center; M. Maloney, Pratt & Whitney; R. Darolia, GE Aviation (retired) Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2015).http://dc.engconfintl.org/thermal_barrier_iv/14
New Class of Refractory
Ceramics for Thermal Barrier
Coatings
Wei Pan School of Materials Science and Engineering
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
2014/06/24
Low thermal conductivity oxides
Ceramic coating on the surface of blade
Gas outlet and make gas film on
the surface of ceramic
W Pan, Simon R. Phillpot, Chunlei Wan, Aleksandr Chernatynskiy, Zhixue Qu,
MRS Bulletin, Vol. 37, Oct. 2012, p917
No candidate materials take the position of YSZ owing to their comprehensive properties.
Principle for reducing the thermal conductivity
Decrease the sound velocity
Elastic’s modulus, molecular weight
Decrease the phonon mean free path
Increasing the phonon scattering
bpu TTT
1
),(
1
),(
1
),(
1
1
3Vc v
Introduce defects in the crystal
Increasing the concentration of vacancy
Introduce substitutions
Increasing the structure distortion
Increase the complexity
Complex structure
Anisotropic structure
Principle for reducing the thermal conductivity
Main parameter of structure distortion for point defects
Phonon scattering coefficient by point defects
})]/(4.6)/[(2)/{( 22 iiiii GGMMf
Mass difference
Atomic interaction force difference
Size difference
MM i /
GGi /
/i
)/(3 pl CK
Anharmonic parameter γ
Temperature correction of elastic constants
)(0645.0)( 00 TTETE
αl: thermal expansion coefficient,K:bulk modulus,Cp: heat capacity,ρ:density
CL Wan, W Pan, et al, Phys. Rev. B 74,144109-1~9 (2006).
Lattice distortion
High oxygen vacancy concentration oxides
Low Thermal Conductivity Oxides
Oxygen vacancies in oxide ceramics
M M M M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
m
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
M M M M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
m
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
- - -
- - -
- -
- - -
- - -
Highly anharmonic area with weak bonding
Perfect crystal Defect crystal
})]/(4.6)/[(2)/{( 22 iiiii GGMMf
Phonon scattering coefficient is significant in the oxygen defect crystal!
Oxygen vacancy- a guide of low thermal conductive ceramics
No oxygen vacancy
Zr0.942Y0.058O3.971Vo(0.02
9)
Gd2Zr2O7Vo(1)
Vo/O=0.029/4
Vo/O=1/8
Vo/O=0
Thermal conductivity decreases with the increase of oxygen defect concentration!
Low thermal conductivity of Ba2ReAlO5 compounds
Wan CL, W Pan et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 085901 (2008).
The oxygen vacancy concentration is 1/6!
Phonon mean free path of Ba2ReAlO5 compounds
•Lattice constant of Ba2DyAlO5:
a=0.7239nm, b=0.7449nm, c=0.6035nm
•Interatomic distance of Ba2ReAlO5
Re=Dy, a=0.24nm; Re=Er, a=0.24nm;
Re=Yb, a=0.23nm
Wan CL, W Pan et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 085901 (2008).
Thermal expansion coefficients of Ba2ReAlO5 compounds
Wan CL, W Pan et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 085901 (2008).
400 600 800 1000 1200
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Ba6Yb
2Al
4O
15
Ba6Er
2Al
4O
15
Ba6Dy
2Al
4O
15
Therm
al
conducti
vit
y (
W . m
-1 . K
-1 )
Temperature ( K )
LaPO4
-Y2Si
2O
7
La2Zr
2O
7
Y2SiO
5
Y4Si
2O
7N
5
W3Nb14O
7
7YSZ
Ba2ErAlO
5
Gd2SrAl
2O
7
Yb2Sn
2O
7
Ba6Gd
2Al
4O
15
Thermal conductivity of Ba6Ln2Al4O15
Vo/O=1/6
400 600 800 1000 1200 14006
8
10
12
14
16
18T
he
rma
l e
xp
an
sio
n (
10
-6 K
-1 )
Temperature ( K )
La2Ce
2O
7
Ba2DyAlO
5Ba
2YbAlO
5
Bonding coat
Yb2Sn
2O
7
Sm2Zr
2O
7
La2Zr
2O
7
8YSZ
Gd2SrAl
2O
7
Ba6Ln
2Al
4O
15
High thermal expansions of the Ba6Ln2Al4O15 compounds
Effect of anion and cation defects on the
thermal conductivity
Gd8+xCa2+y(SiO4)6O2+3x/2+y
Low Thermal Conductivity Oxides
Zhixue Qu, Taylor D. Sparks, Wei Pan, David R. Clarke, Acta Mater. 59 (2011) 3841–3850
Variations in composition from the stoichiometric composition according to the formula Gd8+xCa2+y(SiO4)6O2+3x/2+y.
Zhixue Qu, Taylor D. Sparks, Wei Pan, David R. Clarke, Acta Mater. 59 (2011) 3841–3850
Thermal conductivity as a function of nominal defect concentration per unit cell.
Zhixue Qu, Taylor D. Sparks, Wei Pan, David R. Clarke, Acta Mater. 59 (2011) 3841–3850
Low Thermal Conductivity Oxides
Substitution of atoms, alloying in oxides (pyrochlore and fluorite A2B2O7 oxides)
Substitution defects in oxide ceramics
Perfect lattice Defective lattice
Phonon scattering
Lattice parameter
(La1-xGdx)2Zr2O7 pyrochlores
CL Wan, W Pan, et al, Phys. Rev. B, 74, 144109 (2006).
Pyrochlore structure M M M M M M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
m
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
G G
G
G
G G
G
G G’ G’
G’ G’
Small difference of doping
ion size at “A” site:
Thermal conductivities of (La1-xGdx)2Zr2O7
CL Wan, W Pan, et al, Phys. Rev. B, 74, 144109 (2006).
Lattice softening in (La1-xGdx)2Zr2O7
Young’s modulus
(Average sound velocity)
Phonon mean free path
CL Wan, W Pan, et al, Phys. Rev. B, 74, 144109 (2006).
(La1-xYbx)2Zr2O7 pyrochlores
Wan CL, W Pan et al. Acta Mater., 58, 6166–6172, (2010).
M M M M M M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
m
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
G G
G
G
G G
G
G
Big difference of doping ion
size at “A” site:
Double phase structure
La-rich
Yb-rich
Positive temperature coefficient
Wan CL, et al. Acta Mater., 58, 6166–6172, (2010).
Thermal conductivities of (La1-xGdx)2Zr2O7
Glass-like
“Alloying limit” vs “Amorphous limit”
1/3 2 / 32/3
min 2
06 ( 1)
i T x
B i xi
T x ek n v dx
e
2 1/3/ (6 )i i Bv k n
Minimum thermal conductivity
Amorphous limit
Alloying limit
Wan CL, et al. Acta Mater., 58, 6166–6172, (2010).
(La1-xYbx)2Zr2O7- microstructure
X=1/2 X=1 (Yb2Zr2O7)
X=0 (La2Zr2O7) X=1/6 X=1/3
X=2/3 X=5/6
Surface morphology of (La1-xYbx)2Zr2O7 after annealing at 1600oC for 20hours
(La1-xYbx)2Zr2O7-toughness
Toughness measured by indentation method
c
a
1/ 2
3/ 2C
E PK
H c
(Sm1-xYbx)2Zr2O7
CL wan, et al, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 94 [2] 592–596 (2011).
Order-disorder Transition in Solid
Solutions with A site doping in A2B2O7
Low Thermal Conductivity Oxides
Order-disorder transition in (Sm1-xYbx)2Zr2O7
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
511
331
311
2
Sm2Zr
2O
7(P)
(Sm5/6
Yb1/6
)2Zr
2O
7(P)
(Sm2/3
Yb1/3
)2Zr
2O
7(F)
CP
S SmYbZr2O
7(F)
(Sm1/3
Yb2/3
)2Zr
2O
7(F)
(Sm1/6
Yb5/6
)2Zr
2O
7(F)
Yb
2Zr
2O
7(F)
Pyrochlore
Fluorite
XRD pattern
CL wan, et al, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 94 [2] 592–596 (2011).
Raman spectral analysis
200 400 600 800 1000
Yb2Zr
2O
7
(Sm1/6
Yb5/6
)2Zr
2O
7
(Sm1/3
Yb2/3
)2Zr
2O
7
SmYbZr2O
7
(Sm2/3
Yb1/3
)2Zr
2O
7
(Sm5/6
Yb1/6
)2Zr
2O
7
Ra
ma
n in
ten
sity
Raman shift (cm-1)
Sm2Zr
2O
7
Pyrochlore (I)
Fluorite (III)
Disordered
Pyrochlore (II)
CL wan, et al, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 94 [2] 592–596 (2011).
Young’s modulus of (Sm1-xYbx)2Zr2O7
CL wan, et al, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 94 [2] 592–596 (2011).
Thermal conductivity of (Sm1-xYbx)2Zr2O7
CL wan, et al, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 94 [2] 592–596 (2011).
Low Thermal Conductivity Oxides
Vacancy, substitution and interstitial TiO2-doped YSZ
No oxygen vacancy is
introduced when Ti4+
substituting Zr4+.
M. Zhao, W Pan, Acta Mater., 61, 5496-5503(2013).
Merits
Stabilize the T-prime phase at high
temperature.
Enhance the ferroelastic toughening
at high temperature.
Ti doping YSZ (substitution + interstitial)
Schaedler TA, et al. J Am Ceram Soc 2007;90:3896.
Thermal conductivity of TiO2-doped YSZ
M. Zhao, W Pan, Acta Mater., 61, 5496-5503(2013).
Ti doping in YSZ (substitution + interstitial)
substitution Interstitial
2ZrO × ×
2 Zr OTiO Ti +2O2ZrO 4 2
2 i iTiO Ti 2O 2 2
i O O2O 2V 2O
M. Zhao, W Pan, Acta Mater., 61, 5496-5503(2013).
Low Thermal Conductivity Oxides
Complex Structure Oxides
RE9.33+x(SiO4)6O2+3x/2
Low modulus and large molecular weight
Ruifen Wu, Wei Pan et al. Acta Mater., 60, 5536–5544(2012).
Ruifen Wu, Wei Pan et al. Acta Mater., 60, 5536–5544(2012).
Defects in RE9.33+x(SiO4)6O2+3x/2 with apatite
structure
Two types of defects
Thermal conductivity of RE9.33+x(SiO4)6O2+3x/2
Extremely low!
κ=1.1W/m/K
Ruifen Wu, Wei Pan et al. Acta Mater., 60, 5536–5544(2012).
Low Thermal Conductivity Oxides
Thermal conductivity in anisotropy oxides
AB Du, W Pan. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 92[11], 2687–2692(2009).
Textured LaPO4 with Monazite structure
Texture controlled by processing
α = S(200)/S(120)
AB Du, W Pan. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 92[11], 2687–2692(2009).
Different textured LaPO4 oxides prepared with controlled sintering process.
Thermal Conductivity of the Textured LaPO4
511.2
197.11
616.0372.1
k
1.37 W/mK
(200) Plane
(120) Plane
AB Du, W Pan. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 92[11], 2687–2692(2009).
Thermal Conductivity of the RE2SrAl2O7
CL Wan, TD Sparks, W Pan, DR Clarke. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 93[5], 1457–1460(2010).
RE2SrAl2O7
RE=Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy
Thermal Conductivity of the RE2SrAl2O7
CL Wan, TD Sparks, W Pan, DR Clarke. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 93[5], 1457–1460(2010).
Calculation by first principles and density
functional perturbation theory (DFPT) method
Jing Feng, Wei Pan, Acta Materialia, 60, 3380–3392(2012).
Calculated using the first principlesand density functional perturbation theory(DFPT) method
The calculations were supplemented using the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA), and spin polarized local density approximation (LSDA)
Calculated thermal conductivity for different orientation
Jing Feng, Wei Pan, Acta Materialia, 60, 3380–3392(2012).
Applications
Could pyrochlore Sm2Zr2O7 , Gd2Zr2O7
oxides replace YSZ for TBC?
Low Thermal Conductivity Oxides
Spray TBCs by APS
Spray condition①:
Ar/H2 35/7.4[l/min]
Current 600[A]
Spray distance 150[mm]
Supplying speed 60[g/min]
(conventional)
Substrate Spray gun
Spray condition②:
Ar/H2 Same as ①
Current 500[A]
Spray distance Same as ①
Supplying speed Same as ①
Sm2Zr2O7
Gd2Zr2O7
8YSZ
Observation after the Spraying
① ②
8YSZ Sm2Zr2O7 Gd2Zr2O7
Spray efficiency is equal to YSZ (Spray condition ① ; YSZ:18μm/pass Sm2Zr2O7 :24μm/pass)
Spray condition ① ② ① ②
YSZ Sm2Zr2O7 Gd2Zr2O7
Porosity:12.0%
Porosity :11.8%
Porosity :4.9% Porosity :5.3%
Porosity :6.6% Porosity :7.4%
Spray
condition②
Spray
condition①
Observation of TBCs Cross Section
Estimation of the Thermal Conductivity
TBCiS
substratebi
tTT
tTT
/)(
)(12
1:Substrate thermal conductivity
2:TBC thermal conductivity
tTBC tSubstrate
Tb
Ts
Ti
Cooling air
TBC specimen
CO2 LASER nozzle
Radiation camera (Measuring surface
temperature,Ts) CCD camera
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 10 20 30
Tim e (m in)
TBC surface tem
perature (℃
)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
The
rmal cond
uctivity λ (kcal/mh℃
)TBC surface tem perature
λ=0.38Kcal/m h℃(G d2Zr2O 7/C oNiC rAlY)
(ex)λ=0.96Kcal/m h℃ (YSZ/C oNiC rAlY)
λ=0.39Kcal/m h℃(Sm 2Zr2O 7/C oNiC rAlY)
Thermal conductivity of porous TBC(Sm2Zr2O7 and Gd2Zr2O7)
Thermal conductivity of the Porous TBCs
Spray condition YSZ Sm2Zr2O7 Gd2Zr2O7
Spray condition ① ○ ○ ○
Spray condition ② ○
Bending test (Servo machine with SEM)
3
Thickness of coating
0.3
2
26
TBC
Specimen size
Bending test
Actuator Specimen
Crosshead
Load Strain gauge
YSZ
Spray condition ①
Spray condition②
Sm2Zr2O7 Gd2Zr2O7 Sm2Zr2O7
ε=0.35% ε=0.32% ε=0.22% ε=0.38%
・estimating the limit strain for vertical crack *
・The limit strain for vertical crack of Sm2Zr2O7 is equal to conventional YSZ
limit strain
Estimation for Bending strength
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
The lim
it s
trai
for
vert
ical
cra
ck
ε
(%
)
YSZ Sm2Zr2O7 Gd2Zr2O7 Sm2Zr2O7
Spray Condition ① Spray condition ②
The limit strain of vertical crack of Sm2Zr2O7 is equal to conventional YSZ
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1 10 100 1000 10000
TBC life (cycles)
Difference
of tempe
rature (Ts-Ti=Δ
T) (℃)
Ts : TBC surface temperature
Tb : TBC / substrate interface temperature
;Sm2Zr2O7/CoNiCrAlY TBC
;Gd2Zr2O7/CoNiCrAlY TBC
;YSZ/CoNiCrAlY TBC
ΔT=900℃
tTBC=0.5mm
Thermal cycle results for flat plate specimen
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1 10 100 1000 10000
Nunber of cycle to spall, N (cycles)
Tem
prerature difference ΔT (℃)
Ti :900℃Thickness :0.5m mTest specim en:R5.5 C ylindrical ●:Sm 2Zr2O 7-TBC
YSZ-data band
Thermal cycle results for cylindrical specimen
●
;Sm2Zr2O7/CoNiCrAlY TBC
;Gd2Zr2O7/CoNiCrAlY TBC
;YSZ/CoNiCrAlY TBC
Tsinghua University: Chunlei Wan, Jing Feng, Zhixue Qu, Ruifen Wu, Xiaorui Ren, Meng Zhao
Harvard University: David R. Clarke, Taylor D. Sparks
University of Florida : Simon R. Phillpot, Aleksandr Chernatynskiy
Acknowledgements to contributors
Publications on TBCs
1. M Zhao, W Pan, Effect of lattice defects on thermal conductivity of Ti-doped, Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2, Acta Mater. 61 (2013) 5496–5503.
2. RF Wu, W Pan, XR Ren, CL Wan, ZX Qu, AB Du, An Extremely Low Thermal Conductive Ceramic: RE9.33(SiO4)6O2 Silicate Oxyapatite, Acta Mater. 60 (2012) 5536–5544.
3. J. Feng, B. Xiao, R. Zhou, W. Pan, David R. Clarke, Anisotropic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Double Perovskite Slab-Rocksalt Layer Ln2SrAl2O7 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Dy), Acta Mater. 60 (2012) 3380–3392.
4. ZX Qu, CL Wan, W Pan, Thermophysical Properties of Rare-earth Stannates: Effect of Pyrochlore Structure, Acta Mater. 60 (2012) 2939–2949.
5. ZX Qu, Taylor Sparks, W Pan, , David R. Clarke, Thermal Conductivity of the Gadolinium Calcium Silicate Apatites: Effect of Different Point Defect Types, Acta Mater. 59 (2011) 3841–3850.
6. J. Feng, B. Xiao, C. L.Wan, Z.X. Qu, Z.C. Huang, J.C. Chen, R. Zhou, W Pan, Electronic Structure, Mechanical properties and Thermal conductivity of Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd) Pyrochlores, Acta Mater. 59 (2011) 1742–176
7. CL Wan, W Pan, Glasslike thermal conductivity in ytterbium doped lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore,Acta Mater. 58 (2010) 6166–6172.
8. CL Wan, W Pan, Influence of B site substituent Ti on structure and thermophysical properties of A2B2O7-type pyrochlore Gd2Zr2O7, Acta Mater., 57 (2009) 4782–4789.
9. J. Feng, B. Xiao, R. Zhou, W. Pan, Anisotropy in elasticity and thermal conductivity of monazite-type REPO4 (RE = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd) from first-principles calculations, Acta Mater., 61 (2013) 7364–7383.
10. XR Ren, W Pan, Mechanical properties of high temperature degraded yttria stabilized zirconia, Acta Mater. 69 (2014) 397–406.
11. Chen J, Lian J, Wang LM, Ewing RC, Wang RG, Pan W. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of disordering in Gd2(Ti1-xZrx)2O7 pyrochlores. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88(10), 105901 (2002).
12. Wan CL, Qu ZX, He H, Luan D, Pan W, Ultralow thermal conductivity in highly anion-defective aluminates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 085901 (2008).
13. J. Feng, C. Wan, B. Xiao, R. Zhou, W Pan, D. R. Clarke, Calculation of the thermal conductivity of R2SrAl2O7 (R = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy), Phy. Rew. B, 84, 024302 (2011)
14. Wan CL, Pan W, Xu Q, Qin YX, Wang JD, Qu ZX, Fang MH, Effect of point defects on the thermal transport properties of (LaxGd1-x )2Zr2O7 : Experiment and theoretical model. Phys. Rev. B 74, 144109-1~9 (2006).
15. J. Feng, B. Xiao, R. Zhou, and W. Pan, Eectronic and magnetic properties of double perovskite slab-rocksalt layer rare earth strontium aluminates natural superlattice structure, J. Appl. Phys. 113, 143907 (2013)
16. J. Feng, B. Xiao, R. Zhou, and W. Pan, Thermal expansions of Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln=La, Nd, Sm, and Gd) pyrochlore, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 103535 (2012).
17. J. Feng, B. Xiao, Z. X. Qu, R. Zhou, and W. Pan,Mechanical properties of rare earth stannate pyrochlores Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, 201909 (2011).
18. W Pan, Simon R. Phillpot, Chunlei Wan, Aleksandr Chernatynskiy, Zhixue Qu, Low Thermal Conductivity Oxides, MRS Bulleting. Vol 37 Oct 2012, 917-922.
19. J. Feng, B. Xiao, R. Zhou and W. Pan, Thermal expansion and conductivity of RE2Sn2O7 (RE = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Er and Yb) pyrochlores, Scripta Mater. 69 (2013) 401–404
20. J Feng, B Xiao, R Zhou and W Pan, Thermal conductivity of rare earth zirconate pyrochlore from first principles, Scripta Mater. 68 (2013) 727–730
21. J Feng, XR Ren, XY Wang, R Zhou, W Pan, Thermal Conductivity of Ytterbia Stabilized Zirconia, Scripta Mater.,66 (2012) pp. 41-44
22. XR Ren, SC Guo, M Zhao, W Pan, Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of YSZ/LaPO4, J. Mater Sci (2014) 49:2243–2251.
23. Qu ZX, Wan CL, Pan W. Thermal expansion and defect chemistry of MgO-doped Sm2Zr2O7. Chem. Mater. 19 (20), 4913 (2007).
Publications on TBCs.
24. Meng Zhao, Xiaorui Ren, and Wei Pan, Effect of Lattice Distortion and Disordering on the Mechanical Properties of Titania-Doped Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 97 [5] 1566–1571 (2014)
25. CL Wan, ZX Qu, AB Du, W Pan, Order-disorder transition and unconventional thermal conductivities of the (Sm1-xYbx)2Zr2O7 series, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 94 [2] 592–596 (2011).
26. AB Du, CL Wan, ZX Qu, RF Wu, W Pan,Effects of the texture on the thermal conductivity of the LaPO4 monazite,J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 93 [9] 2822–2827 (2010).
27. CL Wan, Taylor D. Sparks, W Pan, and David R. Clarke, Thermal Conductivity of the Rare-Earth Strontium Aluminates, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 93 [5] 1457–1460 (2010)
28. AB Du, CL Wan, ZX Qu, W Pan, Thermal transport properties of monazite-type RePO4(Re = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd), J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 92 [11] 2687–2692 (2009).
29. Xu Q, Pan W, Wang JD, Wan CL, Qi LH, Miao HZ, Mori K, Torigoe T, Rare- earth zirconate ceramics with fluorite structure for thermal barrier coatings. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89 (1), 340 (2006).
30. Pan W, Shi SL. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti3SiC2/3Y-TZP composites by spark plasma sintering. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 27 (1), 413 (2007).
31. Pan W, Wan CL, Xu Q, Wang JD, Qu ZX, Thermal diffusivity of samarium- gadolinium zirconate solid solutions. Thermolchim. Acta 455 (1-2), 16 (2007).
32. J. Feng, B. Xiao, C. Wan, Z. Qu, R. Zhou, W Pan, Electronic and elastic properties of a double perovskite slab–rocksalt layer of Eu2SrAl2O7 investigated by LSDA + U, Solid State Communications 151 (2011) 1326–1330
33. Xu Q, Pan W, Wang JD, Qi LH, Miao HZ, Mori K, Torigoe T. Preparation and thermophysical properties of Dy2Zr2O7 ceramic for thermal barrier coatings. Mater. Lett. 59, 2804 (2005).
Publications on TBCs.
Thanks for your attention!