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Network hardware tools
Unit objective Given a scenario, use appropriate
hardware tools to troubleshoot connectivity problems
Use the appropriate software tools to troubleshoot connectivity problems
Monitor and analyze network traffic Explain the methods and rationales for
optimizing network performance Explain the purpose and features of
various network appliances
Topic A
Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic Topic D: Network performance
optimization Topic E: Network appliances
Cable testing device
Test cables and network functions Can use a device for your particular LAN
or one that’s compatible with multiple network types
Physical cable tests
Locating incorrectly wired cables, open cables, and shorts
Locating missing cables Locating cables that don’t support your
network type Testing hub connections Testing PC connections Testing installed cables Testing patch cables Locating and tracing inactive cables
Network function tests Verify that PC or switch is powered on Determine whether device is network PC or switch Display maximum network connection speed to
device Verify PC-to-switch speed, and data transmission
and port speed or duplex mismatch Verify switch-to-switch data transmission Determine if straight-through or crossover patch
cable is required Find speed bottlenecks on LANs Monitor LAN link between two devices
Cable certifier Used to conduct cable
quality tests Measures speed and
performance Verifies that network
cable can perform at IEEE 802.3 speed rating
Available for copper and fiber optic cabling
Has display and remote handsets
Additional features
Measure cable length and distances to opens and shorts
Test cables for continuity, proper termination, and polarity
Create wiring maps to locate and identify cable routes
Create customer floor plans with outlets and wire runs
Testing a basic permanent link
1. Select the cable type
2. Separate cable line to be tested from all network components
3. Connect adapter and patch cord to display handset and to remote handset
4. Connect patch cord of display handset to one end of cable line to be tested
5. Connect patch cord of remote handset to other end of cable line to be tested
6. Follow directions for your cable certifier to begin testing
Activity A-1
Using a cable certifier
Crimpers
Coax crimper
Terminating a coaxial Thinnet cable to a BNC connector
Activity A-2
Terminating with a BNC connector
Twisted-pair cable crimper
Activity A-3
Terminating with an RJ-45 connector
Using a fiber optic cable crimper Tools needed:
– 3mm fiber-jacket stripper– Kevlar cutter– Fiber stripper– SC connector cable crimper– Fiber scribe tool
Additional items needed:– Fiber optic safety glasses– Fiber disposal bottle– Fiber optic cleaning kit – Epoxy mixer and injection syringe– Epoxy curing oven with thermometer and fiber stand– Fiber optic polishing kit– Fiber optic inspection microscope with 200X+
magnification
Terminating fiber optic cable
1. Prepare fiber optic cable
2. Prepare epoxy
3. Inject epoxy into ferrule
4. Insert fiber cable into SC connector
5. Crimp connector
6. Cure epoxy
7. Remove excess fiber from ferrule tip
8. Polish and clean ferrule
9. Verify that fiber optic cable has been correctly terminated
10.Place dust cap over ferrule
Activity A-4
Discussing the steps to terminate a fiber optic cable
Butt set
Lineman’s handset Used to install and
test local-loop POTS or MDC lines
Local loop: physical connection between demarc and switch house
Tool includes:– Earpiece– Mouthpiece– Set of test leads
Butt set uses
Check for dial tone Monitor active calls Answer incoming calls Make outgoing calls Determine if phone or wiring is the
problem with “dead” phone Determine if noisy or dead line is
before or after demarc
Modapt® device
Activity A-5
Using a butt set to test an analog phone line
Toner probe
Amplifier probe Locate, identify, and trace wires or
cables Works with a tone generator
Test leads
Amplifier
Probe
Modular plug connectors
Using a toner probe
1. Set tone generator to tone
2. Test tone generator
3. Connect tone generator to one end of cable to be traced
4. Use probe to identify where cable comes into patch panel or 110 block
Move to cable bundle and identify cable that runs to where you’ve connected tone generator
5. Disconnect tone generator and turn it off
Activity A-6
Using a toner probe
Punchdown tools
Using a punchdown tool
1. Insert wire between two metal blades on punchdown block (one wire per contact in block)
2. Place punchdown tool on top of wire (have correct side of tool facing up)
3. Apply pressure to wire until you hear snap from tool’s spring mechanism
Activity A-7
Terminating a CAT 5e or CAT 6 cable in a punchdown block
Network analyzer
Identify problems with– Cabling– Jacks– Network cards– Hubs– Lower-level OSI
hardware– TCP/IP
Activity A-8
Testing the physical network
Loopback plugs
Test ports Specific to type of
port Ethernet loopback
– 10 and 100 Mbps– Gigabit
Network loopback plug: can make your own or buy commercial
Activity A-9
Using a loopback plug
TDR Locate cabling problems:
– Sheath faults– Broken conductors– Water damage– Loose connectors– Crimps– Cuts– Smashed cables– Shorted conductors– Variety of other fault
conditions
Verify impedance and termination
OTDR
TDR for optical cable Transmits series of optical pulses Measures amount of light
that is scattered and reflected back
Uses data to estimate fiber’s length and attenuation
Used to locate faults
Activity A-10
Using a TDR to find a split pair and the electrical end of a cable
Multimeters
Used to measure electricity from power supply or computer component
Available in digital and analog models
Measuring resistance
1. Turn off device you’re measuring and disconnect it from power source
2. Disconnect device from its circuit
3. Set multimeter to read resistance
4. Touch two leads of multimeter together
5. Touch black and red probes to either side of circuit to be measured, and read resistance from meter’s display
Measuring voltage
1. Power supply must be on
2. Set multimeter to read either DC or AC voltage
3. Touch black probe to ground, and touch red probe to spot where you want to measure voltage
Measuring current
1. Break circuit
2. Insert meter in break
3. Read current flowing through circuit
Can also use ammeter or clamp-on ammeter to measure current flow
Measuring continuity
1. Set multimeter to display resistance
2. Look for circuits with zero resistance
If multimeter includes a continuity mode, you can use that
In continuity mode, multimeter sounds a tone whenever it detects a closed circuit
Activity A-11
Measuring electrical values
Environmental monitor
Connects to network Allows remote monitoring of environmental
conditions in equipment rooms Monitors:
– Temperature– Power– Humidity– Water– Smoke– Air flow– Room entry
ASHRAE 9.9 guidelines
Temperature range of 64.4° to 80.6° F Constant relative humidity of less than
60%, with: – Lower dew-point temperature of 41.9° F– Upper dew-point temperature of 59° F
Activity A-12
Observing an environmental monitor (instructor demonstration)
Topic B
Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic Topic D: Network performance
optimization Topic E: Network appliances
TCP/IP utilities
ARP ARP ping DIG Getmac Hostname Ifconfig IPConfig
Nbstat Netstat NSLookup Ping Route Traceroute
IPConfig
Use switches to display and modify TCP/IP properties– /all– /release, /release6– /renew, /renew6– /flushdns– /displaydns– /registerdns
Ifconfig
UNIX command to display IP addressing information
Enable and disable network cards
Activity B-1
Using IPConfig to display TCP/IP settings
Ping (Packet Internet Groper)
Sends packet to another computer to test connectivity
Use NetBIOS name, DNS name, or IP address
Ping troubleshooting
If you used ping with a domain name, use IP address of remote host instead
Try to ping a different computer Use IPConfig to verify that the computer
has been assigned an IP address Verify all network configuration settings Reboot the computer to verify that TCP/IP
has been loaded Check the physical connections
Activity B-2
Testing TCP/IP connectivity
NSLookup and Tracert
NSLookup– Verifies communication with a DNS
server– Single or multiple DNS servers
Tracert– Verify network path between two
computers
Activity B-3
Using NSLookup and Tracert
Topic C
Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic Topic D: Network performance
optimization Topic E: Network appliances
Performance Monitor
Create a baseline to compare system performance over time
Monitor system resource usage Locate performance problems Identify performance bottlenecks
Performance objects
Network Interface Memory Paging File PhysicalDisk Process Processor TCPv4 and TCPv6 UDPv4 and UDPv6
Bottlenecks
IPv4 and IPv6 Network Interface Redirector Server TCPv4 and TCPv6 UDPv4 and UDPv6
Activity C-1
Monitoring network performance
Configuration
Toolbar Properties dialog box
Activity C-2
Configuring Performance Monitor
Event Viewer
Application Security
Setup System
Forwarded Events
Event information
Source Event ID Level User OpCode Logged Task Category Keywords Computer
Event types
Critical Error Warning Information Success Audit Failure Audit
Activity C-3
Viewing the event logs
Device and application logging
Antivirus software Router Firewall Wireless access point and RADIUS DNS server Domain controller
Activity C-4
Discussing device and application logging
Syslog
Originator Relay Collector
Syslog alert levels
0 Emergency: system is unusable
1 Alert: action must be taken immediately
2 Critical: critical conditions
3 Error: error conditions
4 Warning: warning conditions
5 Notice: normal but significant condition
6 Informational: informational messages
7 Debug: debug-level messages
SNMP
Managed devices Agents NMS Versions
– V1– V2: Added security– V3: Added encryption, message integrity,
and authentication
Network Monitor
Free Microsoft download Packet analyzer/sniffer Capture and examine packets
Activity C-5
Capturing network traffic by using Network Monitor
Topic D
Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic Topic D: Network performance
optimization Topic E: Network appliances
Rationales
Reduce network latency – Latency sensitivity of high-bandwidth
applications– Jitters in video or voice transmissions
Increase uptime– Employee productivity– Revenue
Methods
QoS Traffic shaping Load balancing High availability and fault tolerance CARP Caching engines
Activity D-1
Discussing network performance optimization
Topic E
Topic A: Network hardware tools Topic B: Network software tools Topic C: Monitoring and analyzing
network traffic Topic D: Network performance
optimization Topic E: Network appliances
Networking appliances
Load balancers Proxy servers Content filters VPN concentrators
Activity E-1
Discussing network appliances
Unit summary
Given a scenario, used appropriate hardware tools to troubleshoot connectivity problems
Used the appropriate software tools to troubleshoot connectivity problems
Monitored and analyzed network traffic Explained the methods and rationales
for optimizing network performance Explained the purpose and features of
various network appliances