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NC Final Review. World History (Standards 2-8) World History Providence High School. Standard 2. Analyze ancient civilizations and empires in terms of their development, growth, and lasting impact. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NC Final ReviewWorld History (Standards 2-8)World HistoryProvidence High School
Standard 2Analyze ancient civilizations and empires in terms of their development, growth,
and lasting impact.
2.1 Compare how different geographic issues of the ancient period influenced settlement, trading networks, and the sustainability of various ancient civilizations (eg, flooding, fertile crescent, confluence, limited fertile lands, etc.).
2.2 Analyze the governments of ancient civilizations in terms of their development, structure, and function within various societies (eg theocracy, democracy, oligarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, etc.)
2.3 Explain how codifying laws met the needs of ancient societies (eg, Hammurabi, Draco, Justinian, Theodosius, etc.)
2.4 Analyze the rise and spread of various empires in terms of influence, achievements, and lasting impact (eg Mongol, Mughal, Ottoman, Ming, esoamerica, Inca, Imperial States in Africa, etc.)
Standard 22.5 Analyze the development and growth of major Eastern and Western
religions (eg Including but not limited to Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Shintoism, etc.)
2.6 Analyze the interaction between the Islamic world and Europe and Asia in terms of increased trade, enhanced technology innovation, and an impact on scientific thought and the arts
2.7 Analyze the relationship between trade routes and the development and decline of major empires (eg Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Greece, Rome, China, Mughal, Mongol, Mesoamerica, Inca, etc)
2.8 Compare the conditions, racial composition, and status of social classes, casts, and slaves in ancient societies and analyze changes in those elements.
2.9 Evaluate the achievements of ancient civilizations in terms of their enduring cultural impact.
Standard 2.1What was an important influence of Egyptian civilization on the Roman
Empire?
A. The major seaports of Egypt improved the Roman economyB. The Roman Empire adopted the Egyptian form of governmentC. The Egyptians emigrated in large numbers to Roman territories D. The Egyptian military added authority to the Roman Empire.
Answer: A
Standard 2.1During the Neolithic Revolution, the advent of farming led to dramatic
increases in population, and as resource staples were accumulated in surplus, a sedentary life for some. These developments were only possible as advancements were made in agricultural efficiency.
What was one of these developments?A. the beginning of spoken languageB. the creation of weapons for huntingC. the origin of religious doctrinesD. the establishment of a class of specialists
Answer: D
Standard 2.1How did these rivers first facilitate the development of early civilizations?
NileTigris and EuphratesHuang HeIndus and Ganges
A. Water sources enabled the migration of hunter-gatherersB. Waterways increased trade among distant peoplesC. Fertile soil allowed humans to develop agricultureD. Governments were created to control fertile land.
Answer: C
Standard 2.2
Based on this table, which early civilization was a theocracy?A. AssyriaB. ChinaC. PersiaD. Sumer
AssyriaEmpire with a
centralized government
ChinaStrong central
government led by dynasties
PersiaEmpire with a decentralized government
SumerCity states
organized by temple leaders
Answer: D
Standard 2.2“Such then are the powers of each of the parts of government both to oppose
one another and to work in conjunction. In unison they are a match for any and all emergencies…” - Poylbius 6.18.1
Which principle of government best demonstrates the influence of the ancient Roman Republic?
A. the election of a presidentB. the system of checks and balancesC. the separation of church and stateD. the protection of equal rights
Answer: B
Standard 2.2Which characteristic of civilization is most shared by these empires?
Historical Empires● Aztec● Egyptian● Roman
A. a centralized form of governmentB. the construction of domed buildingsC. a monotheistic religionD. the development of sea travel
Answer: A
Standard 2.3Selections from the Code of Hammurabi
● If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows… in public.
● If a free-born man strike the body of another free-born man or equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina.
These provisions reflect which aspect of many ancient systems of law?A. commitment to equal protectionB. pursuit of economic justiceC. protection of social hierarchyD. civil resolution of disputes
Answer: C
Standard 2.3Which statement best supports these excerpts?
48. If any one owe a debt for a loan, and… the harvest fail, or the grain does not grow for lack of water, in that year he need not give his creditor any grain…
55. If any one open his ditches to water his crop, but is careless, and the water flood the field of his neighbor, then he shall pay his neighbor corn for his loss.-Hammurabi’s Code of Laws, ca. 1780 BC
A. Increased complexity of society led to more sophisticated forms of governmentB. Early civilizations relied on religious texts to resolve private disputesC. Increased population enabled conquests to expand economic opportunitiesD. Slavery developed as an institution due to the agricultural needs of society
Answer: A
Standard 2.3Based on this table, which statement describes a similarity between Judeo-
Christian and Greco-Roman views of laws?
A. Laws helped defend national boundariesB. Laws granted power to governing authoritiesC. Laws justified a leadership structureD. Laws regulated a monetary system
Judeo-Christian Greco-RomanLaws- drawn from religious writings, laws Laws- written and enforced by an establishedenabled rulers to reinforce belief system ruler, laws exist to preserve order
Answer: B
Standard 2.4How were the Mayan and Incan economies similar to earlier Latin American
civilizations?
A. They relied on the trade of precious metalsB. They were influenced by foreign marketsC. They focused on manufactured goodsD. They were based on agricultural trade
Answer: D
Standard 2.4Why did the Tang Dynasty use the examination system to choose government
officials?
A. to promote greater cultural diversityB. to ensure the influence of noble familiesC. to provide the civil service with qualified leadersD. to measure the effectiveness of the imperial education system
Answer: C
Standard 2.4Which outcome is a direct result of these developments?
The Ancient Kingdom of Mali● Gold from West Africa was exchanged for salt from the Sahara● Long distance trade routes connected North and West Africa
● Islam influenced the Kingdom of Mali
A. The soil in Mali was dry and produced very few cropsB. Muslim explorers conquered the regionC. Bantu migrations to the southern continent beganD. Mali became a major center for commerce and culture
Answer: D
Standard 2.4Which cause contributed to the collapse of both the Han Dynasty in China and
ancient Rome?
A. Territory became too large to govern effectivelyB. Citizens suffered from poor internal transportation systemsC. Cities were vulnerable to invasions by seaD. Economies suffered due to lack of common currency
Answer: A
Standard 2.5Which action is an example of one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
A. taking a vow of povertyB. acceptance of suffering as part of lifeC. annually donating a percentage of wealth to charityD. maintaining a vegetarian diet as an expression of nonviolence
Answer: C
Standard 2.5
This diagram best describes the spread of which religion?
A. BuddhismB. ConfucianismC. HinduismD. Sikhism
India China Japan
Answer: A
Standard 2.5 Use the list below to answer the question.
● Christianity● Islam● Judaism
What do these religions have in common?
A. They originated in the Arabian PeninsulaB. They observe the Five PillarsC. They began during the Roman EmpireD. The are monotheistic faiths
Answer: D
Standard 2.6Which factors were most responsible for aiding the early spread of Islam?
A. religious missionariesB. trade routesC. political eventsD. alliance systems
Answer: B
Standard 2.6What is the main reason the economy prospered during the Tang Dynasty?
A. The construction of the great Wall increased military readinessB. The revival of the Silk Road increased foreign tradeC. The influence of Confucius increased intellectual activitiesD. The spread of Buddhism increased religious devotion
Answer: B
Standard 2.7The early trade between West Africa and the Mediterranean region resulted in A. democratic governments in Sub-Saharan AfricaB. large Muslim populations in North AfricaC. establishment of free-trade zones in the SahelD. industrial economies in West Africa
Answer: C
Standard 2.7What was one result of European merchants trading along the Silk Road?
A. the expansion of democratic governmentsB. the development of modern banking practicesC. the diffusion of cultural ideasD. the spread of mapmaking skills
Answer: C
Standard 2.7Which statement best explains a significant effect of the various routes of the
Silk Road?
A. Religious conflict between China and the Middle East intensifiedB. Military invasions of African nations increasedC. The spread of new technologies to the Americas improvedD. Trade between Europe and Asia expanded
Answer: D
Standard 2.8Which statement best explains why the Spanish language used in Latin
America is different from the Spanish Language used in Europe?
A. Immigrants to Latin America incorporated elements of indigenous languages into Spanish
B. Latin American officials preserved a formal version of the Spanish languageC. Spanish in Latin America was influenced by the Portuguese spoken in
neighboring areasD. Conquistadors who settled in Latin America spoke different dialects of
Spanish
Answer: A
Standard 2.9Which phrase describes an additional contribution from this culture?
A. development of interchangeable partsB. introduction of paper moneyC. widespread use of bank accountsD. establishment of a uniform writing system
Contributions to the Modern World
PorcelainMoveable Type
Compass
Answer: B
Standard 2.9Which architectural feature was commonly used by the ancient Greeks?
A. columnsB. domesC. archesD. ziggurats
Answer: A
Standard 2.9The diffusion of aqueduct technology occurred because of which
development?A. the growth of Middle East tradeB. the spread of Islam in North AfricaC. the expansion of the Roman EmpireD. the Macedonian conquest of Asia Minor
Answer: C
Standard 3WH.H.3.1Explain how religion influenced political power and cultural unity in various regions of the Europe, Asia and
Africa (e.g., Carolingian Dynasty, Holy Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire, Safavid Empire).
WH.H.3.2 Explain how religious and secular struggles for authority impacted the structure of government and society in Europe, Asia, and Africa (e.g., Cluniac Reforms, common law, Magna Carta, conflicts between popes and emperors, Crusades, religious schisms, Hundred Years’ War, etc.).
WH.H.3.3 Analyze how innovations in agriculture, trade and business impacted the economic and social development of various medieval societies (e.g., Feudalism, Agricultural Revolutions, Commercial Revolution and development of a banking system, manorial system, growth of towns, etc.).
WH.H.3.4 Analyze how the desire for farmable land created conflict and impacted the physical environments of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas (e.g., Agricultural Revolution in Europe, Muslim Agricultural Revolution, Mesoamerican and Andean agricultural innovations, etc.).
Standard 3.1What outside groups did tribes in Africa encounter first?
A) Christian missionariesB) British colonistsC) Spanish conquistadors D) Muslim merchants
Answer: D
Standard 3.1Which statement is the best explanation of the divine right of kings?
A People are sovereign.B People are born with God-given rights.C The king must abide by the social contract.D The king answers only to God.
Answer: D
Standard 3.1Which statement best describes this social structure?
Hierarchical Social Structure King
Nobles and Church Leaders Barons Knights Freemen and Serfs
A the division of orders in the Roman RepublicB militant culture of ancient SpartaC feudalism in medieval EuropeD the division of Christianity during the Reformation
Answer: C
Standard 3.2Which characteristic of Roman Catholicism was rejected by followers of Eastern Orthodoxy?
A belief in monotheismB church hierarchyC belief in the TrinityD papal supremacy
Answer: D
Standard 3.2 Which document recognized the rights of the nobility in England?
A The Mayflower CompactB The Magna CartaC Articles of ConfederationD The Declaration of Independence
Answer: B
Standard 3.2Which political ideal is expressed in this excerpt?
No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned . . . except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.
—Magna Carta
A Leaders should be accountable to the people.B Citizens have the right to due process.C Legislation should follow a constitution.D Criminal punishments should be humane.
Answer: B
Standard 3.2Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
-They preach no Christian doctrine who teach that contrition is not necessary in those who intend to buy souls out of purgatory or to buy confessionalia.
-Every truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without letters of pardon. -Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has part in all the blessings of Christ and the Church; and this is granted him by
God, even without letters of pardon.
- 95 Theses, Martin Luther, 1517
Which statement best explains one immediate effect of these declarations?
A The Catholic Church granted more authority to lay leaders.B People began to redefine the doctrines of Christianity.C The Catholic Church gained influence among absolute monarchs.D Priests began to spread Christianity using common languages.
Answer: B
Standard 3.3Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
By the [feudal] Lord before whom this sanctuary is holy, I will . . . be true and faithful, and love all which he loves and shun all which he shuns, according to the laws of God and the order of the world. Nor will I ever with will or action, through word or deed, do anything which is unpleasing to him. . . .
—I: An Anglo Saxon Form of Commendation, Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen
Which condition led to Medieval Era vows like the one in this excerpt?
A the lack of regional alliancesB increased authority of religious leadersC the need for protection from invading forcesD improved trade opportunities
Answer: C
Standard 3.3Which was a direct effect of the feudal system in medieval Europe?
A development of early trade routesB creation of a capitalist economyC establishment of a rigid class structureD requirement of church donation
Answer: C
Standard 3.3A pre-industrial farmer plants different crops on the same soil with each new growing season. This is an example of
A enclosure.B crop rotation.C cottage industry.D the putting-out system
Answer: B
Standard 3.4WH.H.3.4 Analyze how the desire for farmable land created conflict and impacted the physical environments of
Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas (e.g., Agricultural Revolution in Europe, Muslim Agricultural Revolution, Mesoamerican and Andean agricultural innovations, etc.).
No sample questions available for this standard.
Standard 4● WH.H.4.1 Explain how interest in classical learning and religious reform contributed to
increased global interaction (e.g., Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Catholic Reformation, Printing revolution, etc.).
● WH.H.4.2 Explain the political, social and economic reasons for the rise of powerful centralized nation-states and empires (e.g., Reformation, absolutism, limited monarchy, empires, etc.)
● WH.H.4.3 Explain how agricultural and technological improvements transformed daily life socially and economically (e.g., growth of towns, creation of guilds, feudalism and the manorial system, commercialization, etc.).
● WH.H.4.4 Analyze the effects of increased global trade on the interactions between nations in Europe, Southwest Asia, the Americas and Africa (e.g., exploration, mercantilism, inflation, rise of capitalism, etc.).
Standard 4.1What was one direct result of the reforms described below?
Reforms of Protestant Reformation
• Religion should be personal, immediate, and based on faith
• Focus on the scriptures and abolish ritualistic ceremony
• Increase literacy so all could read the Bible in their own language
a. expansion of a traditional economic system b. end of absolute monarchiesc. development of new faithsd. acceptance of radical political groups Answer
c
Standard 4.1Which aspect of the Renaissance is shown in this information about
Florence?
The welling up of civic pride that overflowed in public building was brought on by that remarkable course of events from the end of the thirteenth to the beginning of the fifteenth century that transformed the Florentine state . . . During the century and a half at the building of the town hall and ending at the crowning of the cathedral with Brunelleschi’s cupola, Florence put its internal affairs into an impressive new order . . . and asserted itself as a major Italian power. —Richard A. Goldthwaite
a. rising power of artists
b. economic prosperity of city-states
c. new techniques in religious sculpture
d. increased use of the vernacular languagesAnswer
b
Standard 4.1What was an effect of Luther’s assertion?
The pope cannot remit [forgive] any guilt, except by declaring and showing that it has been remitted [forgiven] by God . . . .
—Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses
a. The Church experienced a decrease in attendanceb. The authority of Church officials was questioned
c. Reforms were adopted to unify the Church.d. Military leaders defended Church policies.
Answerb
Standard 4.1What was one major effect of the invention of the printing press?
a. It helped Catholic leaders increase power.
b. It helped facilitate the spread of religious ideas
c. It helped popularize reforms in the Catholic Church
d. It helped introduce new leadership roles in the church
Answerb
Standard 4.1Use the list below to answer the question
Characteristics of the Renaissance
Cultural achievements were financed by cities.Classical texts and art were valued and studied.
?
Which statement best completes this list?a. Kings gave authority to religious leaders.
b. People chose to enter monasteries.
c. Legislative bodies began to tax churches.
d. People embraced secular ideas.
Answerd
Standard 4.2Louis XIV’s statement, “I am the state,” is a reflection of which type
of government?
a. a constitutional theocracy
b. an absolute monarchy
c. an authoritarian oligarchy
d. a direct democracyAnswer
b
Standard 4.2What is significant about this act?
Albeit the king’s Majesty justly and rightfully is . . . the supreme head of the Church of England, and so is recognized by the clergy of this realm . . . be it enacted, by authority of this present Parliament, that the king, our sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall be . . . the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England. . . .
—Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII, 1534
a. It allowed the monarch to override laws passed by Parliament.
b. It increased tensions during the Protestant Reformationc. It improved political relations among the leaders of Parliamentd. It led to the events that prompted the Renaissance
Answerb
Standard 4.3Which turning point most directly affected the development of the free market economy?
a. changes in religious beliefs
b. availability of printed books
c. success of the commercial revolution
d. changes in agricultural practices
changes in religious beliefs
Answerc
Standard 4.3Which factor led to the development of manorialism?
a. the collapse of an economy
b. the influence of the Catholic Church
c. the decrease in migrations
d. the expansion of the Roman Empire
AnswerA
Standard 4.4Use the list below to answer the question.
Banks
Bills of exchange
Business partnerships
The early spread of these innovations are evidence of which stage in Europe’s economic development?
a. the transition from an individual barter economy to feudalism
b. the growth of manufacturing cities in northern Europe
c. the transition from a mercantilist economy to capitalism
d. the growth of artisan guilds in southern Europe
AnswerC
Standard 4.4How did the bubonic plague most change the social structure of Europe in the Middle Ages?
A. The shortage of labor empowered the peasant class.B. The rise of nationalism increased the influence of the nobility.C. The decline in demand ensured the success of the merchants
D. The increased demand for labor strengthened feudalism.
AnswerA
Use the table below to answer the question.
Slaves Exported From Africa
Dates Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Trans-Saharan Slave Trade Asian Slave Trade
650–1500 AD 1% 72% 34%
1500–1800 AD 72% 18% 10%
Which development led to the change shown in this table?
a. Growing cash crops in the Americas increased the demand for labor
b. Conflicts in the Middle East made certain routes too dangerous.
c. Famine in Asia led to increased need for food cultivation.
d. Drought caused a mass migration to North Africa.
AnswerA
Standard 4.4
Standard 4.4Which statement best explains how Marco Polo influenced European voyages of exploration to the Americas?
a. His innovations in navigation allowed European ships to make more distant trips.
b. His descriptions of the Americas convinced Europeans to establish settlements therec. His accounts of the wealth in China motivated Europeans to seek trade routes to Asiad. His religious ideas inspired Europeans to spread Christianity farther around the world.
AnswerC
Standard 4.4Which factor most affected the commercial revolution in Europe?
a. the establishment of the divine right of kings
b. the development of overseas colonies
c. the increase of religious influence in business
d. the introduction of the university system
Answerb
Standard 4.4Use the table below to answer the question.
Number of Ships Sailing FromEurope to Asia
1600–1700 1700–1800
England 811 1865
France 155 1300
Netherlands 1770 2950
Which factor best explains the change shown in this table?
a. favorable climate
b. access to valuable resources
c. insufficient infrastructure
d. lack of agricultural goods
Answerb
Standard 5motivati
Analyze exploration and expansion in terms of its motivations and impact.
5.1 Explain how and why the motivations for exploration and conquest resulted in increased global interactions, differing patterns of trade, colonization, and conflict among nations (e.g., religious and political motives, adventure, economic investment, Columbian exchange, commercial revolution, conquistador destruction of Aztec and Incan civilizations, Triangular Trade, Middle Passage, trading outposts, plantation colonies, rise of capitalism, etc.).
5.2 Explain the causes and effects of exploration and expansion (e.g.,technological innovations and advances,forces that allowed the acquisition of
colonial possessions and trading privileges in Africa, Asia, the Americas and the Colombian exchange).
5.3 Analyze colonization in terms of the desire for access to resources and markets as well as the consequences on indigenous cultures, population, and environment (e.g., commercial revolution, Columbian exchange, religious conversion, spread of Christianity, spread of disease, spread of technology, conquistadors, slave trade, encomienda system, enslavement of indigenous people, mixing of populations, etc.).
5.4 Analyze the role of investment in global exploration in terms of its implications for international trade (e.g., transatlantic trade, mercantilism, joint-
stock companies, trading companies, government and monarchial funding, corporations, creation of capitalist markets, etc.
Standard 5.1Which phrase best explains a reason for the
beginning of European exploration of the Americas?
A. demands for economic resourcesB. pressures from foreign invadersC. shortages of skilled laborD. lack of agricultural diversity Answer:
A
Standard 5.1During Columbus’ four voyages to the Americas, what did he hope to find?
A. goldB. trade routes to AsiaC. landD. religious freedom
Answer: B
Standard 5.1Which factor contributed the most to the development of the slave trade?
A. factory labor in European industrial centersB. textile work in North American urban areasC. sugar plantations in Caribbean territoriesD. shipping ports in Mediterranean coastal cities
Answer: C
Standard 5.2Which of these African resources provided an economic motive for European
powers to colonize the continent in the late 1800’s?
A. salt and uraniumB. land for grazing cattleC. precious jewels and metalsD. exotic animals
Answer: C
Standard 5.2 What was one result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A. a decrease in religious wars in EuropeB. the expansion of native populations of the New WorldC. the increase of exploration of the New WorldD. a reduction of standing armies in Europe
Answer: C
Standard 5.2 Which event was undertaken to address the goals on this list?
Reasons for European Expansion● To seek trade routes
● To spread religious faith● To increase political and economic influence
A. the voyage of Christopher ColumbusB. the launching of the First CrusadeC. the travels of Marco PoloD. the Spanish reconquest of Granada
Answer: A
Standard 5.3 The Columbian Exchange affected Native Americans
by A. increasing the diversity of goods.
B. decreasing the transmission of disease
C. improving tribal relations
D. decreasing religious conflict
Answer: A
Standard 5.3The language and religion of Central and
South America have been most influenced by
A. indigenous populationsB. alliances with the United StatesC. Spanish colonizationD. free trade agreements
Answer: C
Standard 5.3What was one major effect of the Columbian Exchange?
A. It created a new source of revenue for European farmersB. It led to the widespread adoption of the institution of slaveryC. It enhanced the technology used in the Industrial RevolutionD. It improved political relations between competing countries
Answer: B
Standard 5.4Which factor best completes this diagram?
A. Increased Colonialism and MercantilismB. Introduction and Expansion of TradeC. Decline of Monarchial GovernmentsD. Decline in the Number of Middle Class Merchants
?Growth of
the Banking System
Greater Investment in Commercial Enterprises
Answer: A
Standard 5.4 The Navigation Act of 1660
For the increase of shipping and encouragement of the navigation of this nation . . ., no goods or
commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands, islands, plantations
or territories to his Majesty belonging or in his possession . . . but in such ships or vessels as do
truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England or Ireland . . ..
This legislation was enacted for what purpose?A. to strengthen trade between England and other European countries
B. to increase the profits of farmers in the English colonies in America
C. to attract settlers to the American colonies by developing the economy
D. to ensure that England would profit from trade with its American colonies
Answer: D
Standard 6WH.6.1 Explain how new ideas and theories of the universe altered political thought andaffected economic and social conditions (e.g., Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment,rationalism, secularism, humanism, tolerance, empiricism, natural rights, contractualgovernment, laissez-faire economics, Bacon, Descartes, Galileo, Newton, inductive anddeductive reasoning, heliocentric, inquisition, works of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau,Bolivar, Jefferson, Paine, Adam Smith, etc.).
WH.6.2 Analyze political revolutions in terms of their causes and impact on independence,governing bodies and church-state relations. (e.g., Glorious Revolution, AmericanRevolution, French Revolution, Russian Revolution, Haitian, Mexican, Chinese, etc.).WH.6.3 Explain how physical geography and natural resources influenced industrialism andchanges in the environment (e.g., agricultural revolutions, technological innovations infarming, land use, deforestation, industrial towns, pollution, etc.).
WH.6.4 Analyze the effects of industrialism and urbanization on social and economic reform(e.g., Industrial Revolution, urbanization, growth of middle class, increase inproductivity and wealth, changes in economic status, new types of labor organizations,etc.).
WH.6 Understand the Age ofRevolutions and Rebellions.
Standard 6.1Use the list below to answer the question.
- Francis Bacon- Robert Boyle- Nicolaus Copernicus- Sir Isaac Newton- Galileo Galilei
What was the main contribution of this group of people?
A the formalization of philosophical discourseB the development of the scientific methodC the creation of mapping technologyD the discovery of nearby planets
Answer: B
Standard 6.1Adam Smith advocated laissez-faire, which implies
A minimal governmental control.B control by the working class.C regulation by citizen commissions.D businesses cooperating with government agencies.
Answer: A
Standard 6.1How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers most influence popular revolutions in France and in the United
States?
A by explaining that society could be improved through scientific discoveryB by challenging the belief in the divine right of kingsC by stressing the importance of military strengthD by examining other countries as models of self-government
Answer: B
Standard 6.1Below are some descriptions of an invention
• Invented in Germany in 1448 • Used movable blocks to set type • Some blocks created to replicate handwriting
How did this invention contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
A by conducting new physical experimentsB by performing complex mathematical computationsC by enhancing the study of astronomyD by expanding access to new ideas
Answer: D
Standard 6.1What was a primary focus of the Enlightenment philosophers?
A increasing faith by examining religious textsB achieving wisdom through experiences with natureC seeking progress through the expansion of human knowledgeD pursuing spiritual experiences through the revival of religious tradition
Answer: C
Standard 6.1Which statement best completes this sequence?
A Religion becomes more prevalent in everyday lifeB Rural communities become more isolatedC Monarchs gain authority in European nationsD Scientific innovations are introduced in Europe
Answer: D
Standard 6.2Which event best replaces the question mark in this sequence?
Russia 1917-1918 • Czar Nicholas II abdicated Russian Imperial throne• ____________?________________• Bolsheviks seized power and became the Communist Party• Russia signed a peace treaty with the Central Powers
A Vladimir Lenin returned to lead the Russian RevolutionB Leon Trotsky escaped Russia for exile in MexicoC The Russian government adopted the New Economic PolicyD The Red Army won the Russian Civil War
Answer: A
Standard 6.2Use the information to answer the question.
• Great Fear• Storming of the Bastille• Tennis Court OathWhich title best defines the events in this list?A Enlightenment Influences on the French RevolutionB The Moderate Stage of the French RevolutionC Major Events during the Reign of TerrorD The Steps Leading to the Rise of Napoleon
Answer: B
Standard 6.2Which cultural development had the greatest effect on these events?
Some Features Common to the American Revolution and French Revolution
• Establishment of basic human rights • Replacement of monarchy with a republic • Elimination of aristocratic privileges
A the Protestant ReformationB the Great SchismC the RenaissanceD the Enlightenment
Answer: D
Standard 6.2What was an immediate effect of the American Revolution?
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. —That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,
—Declaration of Independence, 1776
A Geographical factors helped improve governmental relations.B Political ideas influenced the citizens of other nations.C Religious views altered the structure of foreign governments.D Social changes created strife among local leaders
Answer: B
Standard 6.2Which statement describes the ideology of V.I. Lenin during the Bolshevik Revolution?
A He preserved the monarchy as a national symbol.B He called for authoritarian rule to implement communism.C He promoted the use of nonviolent protest for social change.D He held parliamentary elections to legitimize the new government.
Answer: B
Standard 6.2Which statement best completes this list?
Causes of Revolutions of 1848 in Europe
• Middle classes demanded a political voice• Factory employees sought improved working conditions
• ________?________
A Nationalists attempted to gain self-governmentB Citizens supported absolutist monarchsC Colonists demanded regulation of tradeD Women demonstrated for voting rights
Answer: A
Standard 6.2What was one direct outcome of the events listed below?
Spread of Nationalism in Europe 1800 – 1850
• The victories of Napoleon Bonaparte across the continent led to strong feelings of nationalism by conquered peoples who wanted independence• Congress of Vienna restored traditional monarchies and maintained a balance of power in Europe
A rise of revolutions based on common ethnicityB centralized control of Eastern Europe in a unified empireC end of political cooperation in Western EuropeD adoption of the use of mercenary troops
Answer: A
Standard 6.3Use the information to answer the question.
In the early 1800s, entrepreneurs searching for a place to build a textile mill looked for four factors: the availability of inexpensive land, a large town nearby to supply labor, a fast-moving water source to supply energy, and a large river or seaport for transporting finished goods.
A means for transporting goodsB accessibility to a highly populated areaC fast-moving water sourceD availability of inexpensive land
Answer: C
Standard 6.3Which phrase best replaces the question mark in the diagram below?
A Skilled WorkersB Natural ResourcesC Financial InvestmentsD New Entrepreneurs
Answer: B
Standard 6.3England led the Industrial Revolution for all of the following reasons except…
A its geographic location.B its stable government.C its natural resources.D its laws protecting workers.
Answer: D
Standard 6.4Which phrase best completes this diagram?
A Decrease of available labor supplyB Increase in agricultural outputC Increase in migration to urban areasD Decrease of overseas trade
Answer: C
Standard 6.4What was one result of the Industrial Revolution?
A Cottage industries were established to meet consumer needs.B Subsistence farming increased to meet the needs of workers.C Manufacturing industries created a demand for urban laborers.D Regulations for a safe working environment slowed production
Answer: C
Standard 6.4Based on the information below, which term describes a major driving force of the Industrial Revolution?
During the Industrial Revolution, business owners and investors were able to earn immense profits. Many used these profits as capital to develop new technology, processes, and products that helped advance the Industrial Revolution.
A communismB direct taxationC free enterpriseD overproduction
Answer: C
Standard 7 Understand how national, regional, and ethnic
interests have contributed to conflict among groups and nations in the modern era.
WH.H.7.1 Evaluate key turning points of the modern era in terms of their lasting impact (e.g., conflicts, documents, policies, movements, etc.).
WH.H.7.2 Analyze the increase in economic and military competition among nations in terms of the influences of nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and industrialization (e.g., Ottoman Empire, Japanese Empire, Prussian Empire, the German Empire, “Haves and Have Nots” of Europe, industrial America, etc.).
WH.H.7.3 Analyze economic and political rivalries, ethnic and regional conflicts, and nationalism and imperialism as underlying causes of war (e.g., WWI, Russian Revolution, WWII).
WH.H.7.4 Explain how social and economic conditions of colonial rule contributed to the rise of nationalistic movements (e.g., India, Africa, Southeast Asia).
WH.H.7.5 Analyze the emergence of capitalism as a dominate economic pattern and the responses to it from various nations and groups (e.g., utopianism, social democracy, socialism, communism, etc.).
WH.H.7.6 Explain how economic crisis contributed to the growth of various political and economic movements (e.g., Great Depression, nationalistic movements of colonial Africa and Asia, s
Standard 7.2Which factor encouraged European powers in the late 1800s to expand colonization efforts in South Africa?
A. the discovery of rare minerals such as gold and diamondsB. the development of markets for manufactured goodsC. the use of native populations for labor and military useD. the establishment of alliances for military mobilization
Answer: A
Standard 7.2Which statement best describes 19th-century European colonialism in Africa? A. Religious organizations were required to respect local customs.B. Native populations accepted democratic government reforms.C. Large standing armies were needed to maintain public order.D. Industrial nations competed for control of natural resources.
Answer: D
Standard 7.2Which phrase best completes this list?
Reasons for European Imperialism
• Raw materials were needed for industry • New markets were required for goods
• ? A. Inexpensive labor was needed to manufacture productsB. The influence of labor unions was weakenedC. Isolationism led to the desire for stronger militariesD. The need for agricultural technology increased
Answer: A
Standard 7.2Use the information to answer the question.
The Rise of ________________ ?
• Began to modernize in the 19th century• Created a regional military empire in Asia and the Pacific during the 1930s and 1940s
• Transformed into democracy with a powerful manufacturing economy during the late 20th century
Which nation best replaces the question mark in the title?A. RussiaB. ChileC. IndiaD. Japan
Answer: D
Standard 7.2Which motivation for imperialism is best reflected in this quotation?Why should we not form a secret society with but one object, the furtherance
of the British Empire and the bringing of the whole world under British rule . . . for making the Anglo Saxon race but one Empire?
—Cecil Rhodes, British Imperialist, 1877 A. the demand for raw materials B. a belief in a superior culture C. the need to expand foreign markets D. a desire to expand democracy
Answer: B
Standard 7.2Which canal expanded the Middle East’s trade access to the Mediterranean?
A. Panama Canal B. Grand Canal C. Erie Canal D. Suez Canal
Answer: B
Standard 7.3Prior to World War I, why were the Balkans known as the “powder keg of Europe”?
A. The Ottoman Empire’s aggressive foreign policy disrupted the balance of power. B. Nationalistic rivalries between major states resulted in conflict. C. The Serbian nationalists supported an invasion of Russia. D. Economic disparity caused instability in the region.
Answer: B
Standard 7.3The list below describes which form of government?
Characteristics of a Government
1. Absolute authority over the people 2. Demands people’s unconditional loyalty
3. Glorifies the aims of the state 4. Controls all aspects of society
A. totalitarianB. representative democracyC. theocracyD. constitutional monarchy Answer: A
Standard 7.3What was the purpose of this announcement by Hitler?“I hereby and above all annul the signatures extorted from a weak and
impotent Government against its better knowledge, confessing Germany's responsibility for the late war.”
—Adolph Hitler announcing his rejection of the Versailles Treaty (March 1935) A. commemoration of final payment of German war reparationsB. recognition of a non-aggression pact with the Soviet UnionC. justification for the rearmament of the German militaryD. ratification of a mutual defense alliance with Italy
Answer: C
Standard 7.3Extreme nationalism combined with militarism and rule by a single dictator
best defines the concept of
A. communism. B. republicanism. C. fascism. D. capitalism
Answer: C
Standard 7.3All of the following are regarded as primary causes of World War I except A. alliances.B. nationalism.C. militarism.D. communism.
Answer: D
Standard 7.4Which major factor led to the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947? A. loyalties to colonial governmentsB. issues concerning economic marketsC. differences associated with religious beliefs D. conflicts regarding voting requirements
Answer: C
Standard 7.4Social Darwinists in the late 1800s and early 1900s used the philosophy of
“survival of the fittest” to justify which national action? A. supporting local humanitarian aidB. creating regional trade partnershipsC. expanding existing colonial empiresD. legislating progressive political reform
Answer: C
Standard 7.4The communists were successful in the Chinese civil war because the A. communists were better supplied and armed throughout the struggle.B. nationalists had been weakened by the invasion of other Asian powers.C. nationalists suffered from a lack of Western economic and moral
support.D. communists had the support of a majority of the peasants
Answer: D
Standard 7.5Which opinion on economic production would Karl Marx most likely express? A. A free market best supports the needs of workers.B. The role of the government is to regulate the means of production.
C. Ownership of the means of production should be shared equally by all workers.D. Businesses should own the means of production to effectively increase economic output.
Answer: C
Standard 7.5Which factor illustrates the influence of free enterprise on the Industrial
Revolution? A. the use of private capital to finance the production of goodsB. the purchase of surplus harvests by the government to stabilize pricesC. the passage of tariffs to protect domestic manufacturingD. the adoption of government regulations to protect consumers
Answer: A
Standard 7.6Use the excerpt below to answer the question. There are not too many necessities of life produced, in proportion to the existing
population. Quite the reverse. Too little is produced to decently and humanely satisfy the wants of the great mass. There are not too many means of production produced to employ the able-bodied portion of the population.
—Capital, Karl Marx, 1894 Which government action would address the concerns in this excerpt?A. decreasing corporate taxesB. privatizing commercial industriesC. distributing resources to individualsD. implementing workplace safety laws
Answer: C
Standard 7.6Which event best completes this diagram?
A. Great DepressionB. Russo-Japanese WarC. Spanish-American WarD. Industrial Revolution Answer: A
Standard 7.6Look at the chart below.
This information shows why many Germans after World War I were A. sympathetic to the restoration of traditional government.B. seeking leaders who would improve the economy.C. apologetic about the actions that had caused the war.D. convinced that pacifism would guarantee future security.
Value of German Currency, 1914-1923
Year Number of GermanMarks to the U.S. Dollar
1914 4.2
1919 14.0
1921 39.5
1923 4,620,455.0
Answer: B
Standard 7.6Which event was a major cause of the development of Palestinian terrorism? A. creation of the European UnionB. United States entry into the United NationsC. creation of a Jewish state in the Middle EastD. United States deployment of troops to Vietnam
Answer: C
Standard 7.6What caused these events in China? Mao’s Great Leap Forward, 1958-1960
• Huge investments in factories• Massive collectivization of farms
• Severe shortages of natural resources• Overproduction of poor-quality goods
A. a government demand for rapid industrializationB. an availability of surplus revenue from increased taxesC. a student movement for political reformD. an increase in aid from foreign allies Answer: A
Standard 7.6Use the information to answer the question. During Josef Stalin’s rule, Russians only had access to select information. This is an example of A. suffrage. B. democracy. C. fascism. D. censorship.
Answer: D
Standard 8 Analyze global interdependence and shifts in
power in terms of political, economic, social and environmental changes and conflicts since the last half of the twentieth century.
Analyze global interdependence and shifts in power in terms of political, economic, social and environmental changes and conflicts since the last half of the twentieth century.
STANDARD 8.1AT THE 1919 PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, FRANCE DEMANDED GERMANY BE HELD COMPLETELY RESPONSIBLE FOR STARTING WORLD WAR I.
WHAT WAS THE OUTCOME OF THE FRENCH DEMAND AT THIS CONFERENCE?
a.GERMANY HAD TO PAY LARGE WAR REPARATIONS TO FRANCE.
b.FRANCE WAS FORCED TO SIGN A SEPARATE PEACE TREATY WITH GERMANY.
c.FRANCE TOOK POSSESSION OF THE SUDETENLAND FROM GERMANY.
d.GERMANY WAS REQUIRED TO TRANSFER CONTROL OF BELGIUM TO FRANCE.
ANSWER: A
STANDARD 8.1STWhich military alliance was created by the Soviet Union and its satellite countries in 1955?
a. United Nations.
b. Warsaw Pact.
c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
d. Triple Enténte.
Answer: B
SECTION 8.1
The negotiations at the Yalta Conference led to:
a. A disagreement over the function of the United Nations.
b. An agreement on the type of government to be established in defeated Italy.
c. A disagreement about the Soviet Union negotiating for a separate peace.
d. An agreement on a division of Germany into four zones.
Answer: D
STANDARD 8.2Which statement describes the result of the partition of Korea after World War II?
The partition of Korea into two zones dominates the political and economic life of the peninsula. The division…at the 38th parallel has turned into a hard and fast boundary… Office of Reports and Estimates, 1947
a.It prevented the outbreak of a civil war by establishing an official border.
b.It aided reconstruction by dividing responsibilities between the two countries.
c.It led to the creation of a United Nations territorial mandate.
d.It contributed to the start of a major conflict in the Cold War.
Answer: D
STANDARD 8.2Use the list below to answer the question.
Selected Economic Events in Cuba.The United States placed the first of many embargoes on Cuba in 1961.
Cuba accepted $4 to $6 billion, annually, from the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
The Soviet Union withdrew subsidies to Cuba in 1990, leading to severe economic downturn.
Communist leaders called for wide-ranging economic changes in 2011. (Source: World Factbook).
Which statement best explains a result of the implementation of U.S. sanctions on Cuba?
a. Sanctions led to shortages of basic goods.
b. Sanctions led to limited migration.
c. Sanctions helped increase individual freedoms.
d. Sanctions caused social programs to become privatized.
Answer: A
STANDARD 8.2Which groups are in conflict over claims to Palestinian territory?
a. Syrians and Greeks.
b. Italians and Algerians.
c. Arabs and Jews.
d. Turks and Kurds.
Answer: C
STANDARD 8.2• Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
• On the night of August 20 – 21, 1968, Czechoslovakia was invaded from the north, east and south by 20 Soviet and Warsaw Pact divisions totaling some 250,000 men. At the same time, the positions vacated by these units were backfilled by 10 Soviet divisions coming from positions in Hungary, Poland and East Germany…With this military operation, Moscow put an end to the “Prague Spring”… (Central Intelligence Agency, “A Look Back…The Prague Spring & the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia,” 2008.
• What was the purpose of this military action?• a. To administer aid to countries in conflict.
• b. To reassert Soviet authority.
• c. To supply border countries with a means of defense.
• d. To increase Soviet territory.
Answer: B
STANDARD 8.3Which historic trend is illustrated by the darker shaded areas of this map?
a. Influence of the United Nations.
b. Decline of European colonial empires.
c. Enforcement of United States sanctions.
d. Expansion of Cold War rivalries.
Answer: B
STANDARD 8.3
Which change in the Soviet Union was most influenced by Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika?
a. Secession of the Soviet nationalist republics.
b. Termination of the Soviet space program.
c. Reformation of the Soviet command economy.
d. Reduction of Soviet military spending.
Answer: C
STANDARD 8.3The changes brought on by the fall of the Soviet Union affected the global economy by:
a.Restricting access to finished products.
b.Increasing prices for natural resources.
c.Creating new participants in the world market.
d.Limiting the expansion of foreign manufacturing.
Answer: C
STANDARD 8.4• Which statement is supported by these survey results?
Community Survey: Sources of Information, 1998 – 2004
a.People depend more on traditional information sources more than new technologies.
b.Technological progress has begun changing the way people learn about current events.
c.Technology has decreased participation in resolving important community issues.
d.People in different age groups disagree on the usefulness of new technologies..
Answer: B
Source 1998 2004Local Broadcast TV News 80% 85.6%
Friends 72% 65.8%
Local Newspaper 1 78% 65.3%
Local Newspaper 2 68% 53.5%
Local Cable TV Channel 45% 51.4%
Radio 50% 47.6%
City Web Page 8% 29.3%
STANDARD 8.4Which factor has contributed to this trend in the development of a global economy?
Outsourcing transcription work – abroad to countries such as India, Pakistan, Philippines, Barbados and Canada – has grown more popular as transmitting confidential health information over the internet has become more secure; however,…reports transcribed by overseas medical transcription services usually require editing for accuracy by domestic medical transcriptionists before they meet U.S. quality standards. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009
a.Rising cost of labor in developing countries.
b.Decline of higher education in developed countries.
c.Limited access to regional hospitals.
d.Improvements in telecommunications technology.
Answer: D
STANDARD 8.4Use the excerpt below to answer the question.When the Defense Department issued a $19,800 contract on December 6, 1967, for the purpose of studying the “design and specification of a computer network”, the world didn’t take notice. But it should have. For, from that small, four-month study grew the ARPANET. And, from ARPANET emerged the internet.
Federal Communications Commission, 2005
What was one effect of this Cold War technology?
a.Data could be stored more easily.
b.Global communications became instantaneous.
c.Troop deployments became more frequent.
d.Combat strategies could be better tested.
Answer: B
STANDARD 8.5What is one likely cause of these pandemics?
SELECTED PANDEMICS, 1997 – 20101997 – 2010 Avian Flu – 10 new strains over a
period 0f 13 years.Hong Kong, United States, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Canada.
a. Globalization.b. Drought.c. Pollution.d. Deforestation.
Answer: A
STANDARD 8.5What is one effect of economic globalization in the twentieth century?
a. An overall decline in living standards.
b. Higher prices for imported goods.
c. A wider choice of consumer products.
d. Fewer international trade agreements.
Answer: C
STANDARD 8.6Which statement supports the trend demonstrated in this list?
• 12/17/2010 – Demonstrations for political reform begin in Tunisia.
• 01/14/2011 – The Tunisian president flees the country.
• 01/25/2011 – Demonstrations for democratic reform start in Egypt.
• 02/11/2011 – The Egyptian president resigns from public office.
a. Pressure to protect human rights in the Middle East increased.
b. Pressure to prevent foreign military intervention in North Africa increased.
c. Demands for political rights in the Middle East have spread to other regions.
d. Demands for economic reform have led to massive policy changes in North Africa.
Answer: C
STANDARD 8.6• Which statement describes Lech Walesa’s role in the fall of
communism in Poland?
• a. He led an armed revolt.
• b. He led an independent trade union.
• c. He drafted a new constitution.
• d. He unified opposing ethnic groups.
• Answer: B
STANDARD 8.6• Which policy did Mikhail Gorbachev adopt to restructure the Soviet
economy?
• a. Appeasement.
• b. Perestroika.
• c. Détente.
• d. Blitzkrieg.
• Answer: B
STANDARD 8.6
• Which policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the late 1980s led to democratic reforms in the Soviet Union?
• a. Glasnost.
• b. Containment.
• c. Détente.
• d. Blitzkrieg.
• Answer: A
STANDARD 8.7• Use the list below to answer the question.
• Characteristics of the Government of Iraq in 2012
• Parliamentary democracy based on federalism.
• President and a Prime Minister share power.
• Legislative Branch consist of elected members.
• Judicial branch has a structured hierarchy.
• Why was this type of government established in Iraq?
• a. To localize economic authority.
• b. To empower military leaders.
• c. To enable judges to approve legislation.
• d. To protect the basic rights of citizens.
• Answer: D
STANDARD 8.7• What is one criticism from western European countries about
Shari’ah (Islamic law) as practiced by some Middle Eastern countries?
• a. Civil rights are often violated.
• b. Economic markets are often restricted.
• c. Tribal customs are banned.
• d. Personal investments are limited.
• Answer: A
