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u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEFrederick B. Dent, Secretary
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
Robert M. White, Administrator
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES
Wilmot N. Hess, Director
NOAA TECHNICAL REPORT ERL 323-PMEL 21
Nazca Plate Program of the InternationalDecade of Ocean Exploration OCEANOGRAPHER Cruise-RP-2-0C-73
BARRETT H. ERICKSON
BOULDER, COLO.September 1974
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402
DISCLAIMER
The Environmental Research Laboratories do not approve,recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or proprietarymaterial mentioned in this publication. No reference shallbe made to .the Environmental Research Laboratories or to thispublication furnished by the Environmental Research Laboratories in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that the Environmental Research Laboratoriesapprove, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product orproprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as itspurpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this Environmental Research Laboratories publication.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CHRONOLOGY AND DESCRIPTION OF CRUISE 2
2.1 Leg One - Seattle to Callao 2
2.2 Leg Two - Callao to Antofagasta 5
2.3 Leg Three - Antofagasta to Valparaiso via EasterIsland 5
2.4 Leg Four - Valparaiso to Seattle 7
3. INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA ACQUISITION 7
3.1 Navigational Data 9
3.2 Water Depth Measurements 9
3.3 Magnetic Field Measurements 10
3.4 Gravity Field Measurements 10
3.5 Seismic Reflection Profiling 11
3.6 Seismic Refraction Measurements 13
3.7 Coring Operations 14
3.8 Heat Flow Measurements 14
3.9 XBT Measurements 16
3.10 Additional Measurements 16
4. FINAL DATA PROCESSING 18
5. DISPOSITION OF DATA 18
6. APPENDIX A: Gravity Survey at Easter Island, Chili 20
7. APPENDIX B: Profiles of Geophysical Data 24
iii
NAZCA PLATE PROGRAM OF THE
INTERNATIONAL DECADE OF OCEAN
EXPLORATION - OCEANOGRAPHER
CRUISE - RP-2-0C-73
Barrett H. Erickson
The NOAA Ship OCEANOGRAPHER sailed tothe Southeast Pacific in the spring of 1973as part of the International Decade of OceanExploration Nazca Plate Program. Measurementsof the gravity and magnetic field were made,seismic refraction and reflection operationsconducted, and sea floor sediments sampledalong the East Pacific Rise and across theNazca Plate to the continental margin ofSouth America. Uetailed surveys were conductedon measurements made while at Easter Island.The operations are described and profiles ofbathymetry and of magnetic and free-air gravityanomalies along more than 30,000 nautical milesof trackline are presented.
1. INTRODUCTION
The Nazca Plate Program is one of several sponsored by National Sci
ence Foundation (NSF) as part of the International Decade of Ocean Explo
ration. The field program for 1973 was conducted from the National Oce
anic and Atmospheric Adm"inistration (NOAA) Ship OCEANOGRAPHER and the
Hawaii Institute of Geophysics RjV KANA KEOKI. This report covers the
portion of the investigation made from the OCEANOGRAPHER.
The program was supported jointly by NOAA and the NSF, and investi-
gations of the geophysical, geochemical, and marine geological processes
processes occurring at the boundaries of the Nazca Plate were emphasized.
In particular, the East Pacific Rise has been identified as a potentially
important locality of mineralization of marine sediments. Several
studies, therefore, were conducted on the rise to test the hypothesis
that mineral concentrations are the result of geological processes oc
curring at the rise crest.
2. CHRONOLOGY AND DESCRIPTION OF CRUISE
The cruise was comprised of four legs: Seattle to Callao, Callao
to Antofagasta, Antofagasta to Valparaiso via Easter Island, and
Valparaiso to Seattle (fig. 1).
The personnel who were responsible for scientific operations and
acquisition of data are identified in table 1.
2.1 Leg One - Seattle to Callao
The OCEANOGRAPHER departed from Seattle, Washington on 12 February
1973 and proceeded to the gravity test range off the Washington coast at
Cape Flattery. After completing a series of tests, the ship proceeded
southward, making measurements of the water depth and the geomagnetic
and gravity field while underway. Crossing the equatorial region at
108 1/2°W, a series of closely spaced XBT measurements were made at the
request of the Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories (POL). Along with
similar measurements to be made on the return trip, these measurements
were to be used in an analysis of temporal changes in equatorial current
behavior. Several attempts to core in the region of the rise crest near
2
OO'.,-40 -..----....-::-_'''''2O'------ 1OO-+-- 8+-0 ------t6750
40
20
o
L ,~
-L 2
40
°
-2
Le 3-
-20
-\04LO----------:-:12-0----------:-:10:'":0----------:::80::----'------7.67- 40
Figure 1. Track of the NOAA Ship OCEANOGRAPHER - Nazca Plate Project, 1973.
3
Table 1. Personnel Responsible for Acquisitionof Data and Related Operational Activities
OCEANOGRAPHER Key PersonnelCapt H. R. Lippold, Jr.Cdr W. K. JeffersLCdr R. V. O'ConnellLt L. K. ThomasLt R. W. RileyLt (jg) R. E. KarlinLt (jg) C. S. Nelson
Commanding OfficerExecutive OfficerOperations OfficerNavigation, Magnetics OfficerSeismic and Coring OfficerGravity OfficerData Processing, Smooth PlottingOfficerElectronics
POL Chief ScientistPOLUSNOOOSU
poL Chief ScientistPOLUSNOOOSUHIG)
) Antofagasta to Easter IslandHIG)Instituto Hidrografico, ChilePetroleos del Peru - Easter Island toVal parai so
POL Chief ScientistPOLPOLUSNOOPetroleos del PeruMinisterio De Marina, Peru
to Valparaiso via Easter Island:Barrett H. EricksonLCdr John P. VandermeulenJoe BantumWi 11 i am Ekl undJ. Frisbee Campbell
Steven DangLauro MirandaAntenor Aleman
POL Chief ScientistOSUUSNOO
Laboratory (now - Pacific Marine Environ-
OSUHIGUSNOO
Leg Four - Valparaiso to Seattle:Dr. Robert E. BurnsDavid K. ReaJoe BantulllPOL - Pacific Oceanographic
mental Laboratory.- Oregon State University- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics- U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office
4
50 S were made without success because of problems with the deep-sea winch.
The ship then proceeded eastward across the Nazca Plate and arrived at
Callao, Peru on 2 March 1973.
2.2 Leg Two - Callao to Antofagasta
The ship left Callao on 7 March 1973 and proceeded westward, cross
ing the Nazca Plate at 16°S. West of the rise crest the ship turned
southeastward and passed through a region which had been surveyed earlier
by scientists from Lamont Geological Observatory aboard the R/V CONRAD.
A survey of a region of the rise crest between 19°5 and 21 0 S commenced
on 15 March. Closely spaced east-west lines were run across the crest,~
extending on each side beyond the magnetic anomaly reflecting the Gilsa
event. Two cores were taken, one in the survey area just east of the
rise crest and one on the east flank of the rise. A single Sonobuoy
ASPER run was made parallel to and east of the rise crest. Upon comple
tion of this survey, the ship proceeded southeastward and then eastward
along latitude 25°S to the margin of the South American Continent.
Three crossings of the continental margin were completed while using a
continuous seismic profiling (CSP) system before arriving at Antofagasta,
Chile, on 30 March 1973.
2.3 Leg Three - Antofagasta to Valparaiso via Easter Island
Departing Antofagasta on 4 April 1973, a number of crossings of the
continental margin north of Antofagasta were made while using the CSP
system. Proceeding westward along 200 S, a series of ASPER runs were
5
made across the eastern edge of the Nazca Plate and later across the
I~azca Ridge. A core was taken on the western flank of the fossil rise
near 94 1/4°W. Between 1010W and 102°W the ship moved north to 18°5 for
the initial 2-ship reversed seismic refraction profiles. Cores were
taken and heat flow measurements made while the OCEANOGRAPHER was record
ing at each end of the profile.
Returning to 20°5 the ship proceeded westward into the area of the
ri se crest whi ch had been surveyed duri ng Leg Two. A schedul e vIas drawn
up to occupy the coring sites efficiently, accommodate the planned 2-ship
refraction work, and allow additional survey lines to be run in certain
areas. Twenty coring stations were occupied before leaving the area.
Three 2-ship refraction lines were run. North-south reversed lines
on the rise crest and on the east flank of the crest were completed. A
long east-west "line" consisting of multiple Sonobuoy drops crossed the
rise crest and intersected the northern ends of both north-south lines.
The ship proceeded southwestward and then southeastward to jog
across the area north of Easter Island. This jog was coordinated with
the track of the KANA KEOKI to better define characteristics of a small
crustal plate located in that region.
After arrival at Easter Island on 27 April 1973 and while at anchor
off Janga Roa, fuel and water were transferred from the OCEANOGRAPHER to
the KANA KEOKI as previously arranged. Measurements of gravity on Easter
Island were made by parties from the OCEANOGRAPHER AND KANA KEOKI to sup
plement similar measurements made during a previous visit of the OCEAN
OGRAPHER in 1970. Additional details are given in Appendix A.
6
The ship left Easter Island on 29 April 1973 and sailed southwest
ward before turning to proceed eastward along 30 1/2°$ to the continental
margin. Three cores were taken along the eastward track, two on the east
flank of the rise and one in the southern extension of the Bauer Basin.
Three crossings of the continental margin north of Valparaiso with the
CSP system were completed before entering Valparaiso on 8 May 1973.
2.4 Leg Four - Valparaiso to Seattle
The ship left Valparaiso on 17 May 1973 after 9 days in port. Sev
eral days had been spent awaiting the abatement of heavy weather that
closed the port and delayed refueling. The ship proceeded northwestward
towards a core site in the Bauer Basin. After coring, extensive surveys
in the rise crest area between 50 S and 11°S augmented work done in that
area by OSU and HIG during the first Nazca Plate Program field effort in
1972. An additional core was taken near 80 S before sailing northward to
wards Seattle. A second series of XBT measurements were made across the
equatorial region to complement those made on Leg One. Tests were con
ducted on the gravity test range off Cape Flattery before entering the
Strait of Juan de Fuca and proceeding to Seattle, arriving there on 11
June 1973.
3. INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA ACQUISITION
Much of the instrumentation was an integral part of the OCEANOG
RAPHER's basic instrumentation system. Additional equipment was brought
aboard by project personnel to accomplish specific tasks such as seismic
7
. J
refraction and reflection, coring, and 3.5 kHz-sounding.
Data acquired were of three types: (a) underway data consisting of
depths and magnetic and gravity field variations. These data were re
corded on analog recorders and on magnetic and paper tape; (b) seismic
reflection data obtained over the continental margins and recorded on an
analog recorder only; (c) data obtained on station and composed of the
seismic refraction and heat flow records and results from the coring op
erations.
Digitized values of water depth and of the earth's gravity and mag
netic field were recorded each five minutes on magnetic and paper tape
by an offline Raw Data Logger. Also recorded were date, time of day
(GMT) and the gyro heading and EM log values.
The data from these tapes were then processed on the OCEANOGRAPHER's
Univac 1218 computer. Each day the raw data from these tapes were list
ed to permit verification of the recorded values by comparison with the
analog records. Raw data were edited as necessary. Navigation data
were reviewed, smooth-plotted, and evaluated to select a set of geograph
ical positions that best described the ship's track. These positions
were then used, together with the edited observational data, to compute
a set of edited data which provides a geographic position for each ob
servation. Magnetic and gravity field anomalies were computed by remov
ing theoretical regional fields that are dependent on geographic position.
8
3.1 Navigational Data
The prime source of information for navigational control was the
satellite navigation system. Two shipboard systems were employed: a
Magnavox 706 satellite navigator and an older prototype ANjSRN-9 unit.
These two units were used simultaneously on closely spaced satellite
passes or in a backup mode when necessary.
3.2 Water Depth Measurements
Soundings were made with a 3.5 kHz system which also recorded re
flections from sub-bottom sediment interfaces. The system was composed
of a Raytheon Correlation Echo Sounding Processor (CESP-l), Raytheon
PTR-105 transceiver, and an array of twelve EDO 240-H transducers in a
fresh water filled enclosure mounted in the ship's center well. Sound
ings were displayed on a Raytheon PF-10l recorder using a one-second (400
fathom) full-scale sweep. This display was complemented with a 10-sec
ond (4000 fathom) full-scale display from a 12 kHz system. The dual dis
play was most advantageous as it not only provided a view of the regional
bathymetry along the ship's track but eliminated uncertainties in deter
mining which 400-fathom segment was being displayed by the 3.5 kHz sys
tem.
Each five minutes a sounding value was read from the graphic record
er and entered into the Raw Data Logger by setting thumb-wheels at a re
mote entry terminal. Graphic records were removed at the end of each day
(GMT) and used to verify the digitized values from the Raw Data Logger.
9
3.3 Magnetic Field Measurements
Measurements of the earth's magnetic field were made with a Varian
Direct Reading Magnetometer. The sensor was towed at least 750 feet be
hind the ship to minimize the influence of the ship's field on the meas
urements. Total field values were measured once a minute and displayed
on a Texas Instrument Servo-writer analog recorder using a chart speed
of six inches per hour and a full scale value of 1000 gammas. Each five
minutes the values were sampled and recorded by the Raw Data Logger. The
graphic records were removed each day and used to verify the digitized
values from the Raw Data Logger.
3.4 Gravity Field Measurements
The earth's gravity field variations were measured with two seagoing
gravity meters. The OCEANOGRAPHER's Askania GSS-2 gravimeter and Anshutz
gyrotable were overhauled at the factory during the fall of 1972. Timely
return of these instruments was uncertain and arrangements were made to
horrow from the U. S. Navy a La Coste and Romberg gravity meter with a
stablized platform. Both instruments were on board at sailing time.
The Askania system recorded continuously on its integral Honeywell
multi pen analog recorder and was sampled automatically each five minutes
by the Raw Data Logger. No corrections were made to the data for cross
coupling errors.
The L&R sea gravity meter was a self-contained unit and recorded
data on analog records, magnetic tape, and on a teletype printer.
10
Base ties were made at each port using Worden and L&R land gravity
meters. Values for each base station were obtained from Aeronautical
Charting and Information Center prior to departure. [Base tie data are
given in table]
During the project the observed gravity values for the L&R and the
Askania meters were compared daily to monitor their performance and re
sponse to changes in the gravity field. The comparisons were remarkably
consistent although the Askania data were not corrected for cross-coupl
ing errors and reflected a slower response time. The Askania meter con
stant is not known with great certainty, and a reflection of this was a
gradual divergence of the data values from the two systems. A factory
assigned value of 101.0 did not provide satisfactory results. Analysis
of data during the 1972 season which ranged from the latitudes of Honolulu
to those of Kodiak indicated a constant of 101.7 to be more likely. Com
parison of the data from the L&R meter with the data from the Askania
similarly indicated a meter constant of 101.5 to 101.7. A constant of
101.6 was adopted.
Land gravity measurements were made on Easter Island, Chile on 28
April 1973. Details of this work are given in Appendix A.
3.5 Seismic Reflection Profiling
Continuous seismic profiling measurements were made over the conti
nental margin near Antofagasta and Valparaiso. This system was composed
of a 120-cubic-inch Bolt air gun, Model 1900C, a Model K98 Rix air com
pressor, Teledyne and Aquatronics hydrophone streamers, and a Teledyne
amplifier/filter system.
11
Tab
le2.
Gra
vity
Bas
eT
ieD
ata
-A
skan
iaM
eter
No.
2a,
K=
101.
6
Ant
ofag
asta
,C
hile
978
908.
3W
oola
rd&
Ros
e#W
H10
63
Ant
ofag
asta
,C
hile
978
903.
24AC
rC#0
224-
0
Dat
e--
Le.9.
.....Q!
!e
12Fe
b73
2M
ar
Le~o 7
Mar
--'
30M
arI'
\)
Leg
Thr
ee
3A
pr
13M
ay
Le9.
...£ou
r
13M
ay
11Ju
ne
Bas
e
*PM
C,
Sea
ttle
Ca11
ao,
Peru
ACrC
#009
1-4
Ca11
ao,
Peru
ACrC
#009
1-4
Val
para
iso,
Chi
leAC
rC#0
301-
1
Val
para
iso,
Chi
leA
crc
#030
1-1
*PM
C,
Sea
ttle
Bas
eV
alue
980
742.
2
978
306.
10
978
306.
10
979
632.
51
979
632.
51
980
742.
2
ZMG
977
162.
3
977
160.
3
977
158.
96
977
155.
74
977
158.
79
977
155.
56
977
155.
56
977
152.
06
Cha
nge
inZM
G
-2.0
mi1
1iga
ls
-3.2
mi1
1iga
ls
-3.2
mi11
iga1
s
-3.0
mi1
1ig
a1s
*B
ase
loca
ted
next
toH
ydra
ntat
NWco
rner
ofw
areh
ouse
atfo
otof
the
Nat
iona
lO
cean
Surv
eyP
ier,
1801
Fair
view
Ave
nue
Eas
t.T
his
stat
ion
was
esta
blis
hed
bya
tie
toA
crc
#025
2-1.
Alternately a system of HP 8875A amplifiers and Krohn-hite 3700 bandpass
filters was used. Results were displayed on an EPC Model 4100 graphic
recorder.
The air gun was mounted in a locally designed and fabricated towing
assembly and towed from the starboard side of the fantail. The hydro
phone streamer was towed from a boom extending off the port side of the
fantail.
3.6 Seismic Refraction Measurements
Seismic refraction measurements were made in conjunction with HIG
personnel on the KANA KEOKI. Explosives used as sound sources were
carried and detonated by the KANA KEOKI: the OCEANOGRAPHER served in a
listening and recording role only.
The seismic refraction measurements were made using modified SSQ-41
Sonobuoys as acoustic sensors. Transmission from the Sonobuoys were re
ceived with a pair of stacked yagi antennas mounted on rotators at each
end of the aftermast yardarm. RF preamplifiers were located in a junc
tion box on the mast. Realistic "Patrolman" tunable Fr~ receivers were
used to receive the transmissions; the output was conditioned by combina
tions of HP-8875A amplifiers and Krohn-hite 3700 bandpass filters prior
to display on a Geospace Model 1800 electrostatic recording oscillograph.
Communications with the KANA KEOKI were maintained with single-sideband
radio transceivers furnished by HIG.
13
3.7 Coring Operations
Cores were taken in specific regions of the East Pacific Rise Crest
and in the Bauer Basin to the east, primarily for the purpose of investi
gating the areal extent of the metal-rich sediments and their character
istics. These investigations are being pursued by scientists at Oregon
State University who furnished the piston coring equipment and directed
the sampling program.
Although operational problems precluded obtaining cores planned for
Leg One, a successful sampling program was carried out for the remainder
of the project. Cores on Leg Two were limited to those in the Bauer
Basin. Detailed field work in the rise crest area during Leg Two was
used to plan a sampling program for this area which was carried out on
Leg Three. Locations of the cores obtained are shown in fig. 2.
3.8 Heat Flow Measurements
At the request of HIG, heat flow measurements were made with an HIG
furnished heat probe. The measurements were made at coring sites when
sufficient time was available and sea-floor characteristics were suit
able. Locations of the heat flow measurements are shown in fig. 2.
14
."".
""l~
,.,.
•'f'l
';•
•J
·"I'
.zllA
I...A
P.a
GO
SIS
'If
---' c..n
CA
LL
,a()
_L
ecl3
~<
EA
STE
R1
Lea3
_
LE
ll£IO
l.$
e,s.
."cR
."ect.
...
ln..s
_s.e
o....
.cR"'~Kt'Clfl
L_
s...
----
-i(
CO
""L
ocatI
on
s.C
Ol'"
O'
a.He~
FI_
LO
U.t
.e>
<.
•
-~
115
no10
510
09S
90~
807
5..
....
70.40
Figu
re2.
Loc
atio
nof
trac
kli
nes
,se
ism
icm
easu
rem
ents
,co
res
and
heat
flow
stat
ion
sin
the
Naz
caP
late
Pro
ject
Are
a.
3.9 XBT Measurements
Measurements of temperature variations to 450 meters were made with
a Sippican Corporation Expendable Bathythermograph MK-3 Recorder and T-4
Probes. Measurements were made every four hours except in the waters
north of the equator where they were made every six hours. The loca
tions of the measurements are shown in fig. 3. These data [identified
as NODC XBT Cruise No. 44546 (OCEANOGRAPHER),] are available from the
National Oceanographic Data Center, Washington, D. C., on request.
3.10 Additional Measurements
Several programs were conducted during the Nazca Plate Project to
take advantage of the capability to continuously sample the surface
water while underway.
In response to a request of Battelle Northwest, a large-volume water
sampler was operated to acquire samples of particulates in the surface
water in support of a study of radionucleides and trace elements in
ocean water.
Throughout the project, sea surface temperature and salinity were
monitored continuously on analog recorders.
An experimental water sampling and analysis program was conducted to
establish the feasibility of running routine on-board chemical analysis
of water samples and obtaining data along upwelling zones.
In response to a request from POL, a line of closely-spaced XBT
measurements were made along 108 1/2°W between 5°N and 50 S on Leg One
and Leg Four. The data from these measurements will support studies of
16
5640
..120
S.ott'-
100 80
40
20
o
..... L.Ot "'"lel.t.;
..
.........
.I e iii I!II!11 l!l I!I I!I e II l!l e 1II l!l e II l!l e II e l!l l!l II
-2
..II II !I !I II II II lie.
l!I"'Euter lt
.II II II II II II III II...
.I!I "I :
-20
-'o4·'=o-----------l-2~0-----------1-00-------------BO~---L----+Gi40
Location of XBT measurements. Not shown are the locations oftaken at the equator for another project
Figure 3.closely spaced measurements(see section 3.10).
______.17 _
the vari abil ity of the equatori a1 currents in the eastern Pacifi c.
4. FINAL DATA PROCESSING
Edited data from the OCEANOGRAPHER's Geophysical· Trackline Data Ac
quisition and Processing System were recorded on punched paper tape for
transmittal to PMEL. At PMEL the data were transferred to a punched
card format and screened for improper time sequences, format errors, un
reasonable values, etc., using established routines on IBM-1620 and CDC
6400 computers. Navigational information was reviewed for conformance
to the actual ship's track. Information was added or deleted as neces
sary to achieve a set of non-redundant data which best described the
ship·s track. The data were then stored in the PMEL ARIES system (Ar
chiva1, Retri eva1, Informati on and Emendati on System), edited as appro
priate, and plots made of the measured variables vs. distance along the
ship's track. The plots were then reviewed for gaps or inexplicable
variations in the data and the original records again examined as neces
sary to achieve fidelity of the digital data. Profile plots of the
final values are presented in Appendix B.
5. DISPOSITION OF DATA
The navigational information and measured values have been archived
in digital form at PMEL in the ARIES format. The data, in the merged
merged format described in "Formats for Marine Geophysical Data Ex
change", NAS/NRC, 1972, have been sent to OSU, HIG, and the Marine Geol
ogy and Geophysics Group of the Environmental Data Service (EDS) for use
18
and further dissemination as appropriate. Original analog records have
been sent to EOS for microfilming and archiving except for the seismic
reflection and refraction records which were microfilmed by EOS and then
forwarded to HIG and OSU. Copies of "Cruise Report - NAZCA Plate Pro
ject, RP-2-0C-73", prepared by OCEANOGRAPHER personnel to document "in
detail the operational accomplishments and procedures, have been for
warded to HIG, OSU, and EOS.
19
6. APPENDIX A
Gravity Survey at Easter Island, Chili
Three years ago, on 22 March 1970, gravity measurements were made
on Easter Island (Chile) by scientists from the Hawaii Institute of Geo
physics (HIG) and the NOAA Ship OCEANOGRAPHER during an unscheduled
stop for a medical evacuation. Gravity measurements were made along the
roadways at identifiable locations; elevations were measured baromet
rically.
The OCEANOGRAPHER returned to Easter Island with the HIG RjV KANA
KEOKI on 28 April 1973 for a scheduled stop during the 1973 IDOE Nazca
Plate program field season. The occasion provided an opportunity to
augment the previous work with measurements off of the roads, particu
larly over the three main volcanic centers: Rana Kao, Mount Terevaka,
and the Poike Peninsula region. The work described here provided data
over Mount Terevaka and was accomplished on 28 April 1973. Measurements
on Rana Kao and the Poike Peninsula were made by HIG personnel and will
be reported elsewhere.
The stations were located using a 1:25,000 scale contour map of Isla
de Pascua prepared for the Chilean Air Force from aerial photographs
taken in 1964. At each station horizontal angles between suitable land
marks were measured with a sextant. The position of each station was
later determined with the use of a three-armed protractor; elevations
were read from the contours on the map at that location.
20
The gravity base station at the boat landing near Hana Piko wharf
(ACIC 4841-1) was used as reference and to determine drift. Two sta
tions from the 1970 work were reoccupied; Vaitea Ranch and the road in
tersection near Ana Kena Cove. Total drift during the day's measure
ments was 0.17 mi11iga1s. The principal facts are shown in table A-1.
The station locations are illustrated in figure A-1.
Gravity measurements were made with Worden gravity meter no. 113.
The party chief was B. H. Erickson, PMEL; the gravity meter observer
was Lt. R. E. Karlin; the horizontal angles were measured by Lt. Cdr. R.
V.0'Conne11.
The survey was made with the kind permission of Sr. Moises Sudy
Castro, governor of Easter Island. Sr. Fred Dwyer-Jensen, administrator
of the government ranch, personally provided transportation and guided
the party throughout the area. Mr. Gerald Svat, scientific officer at
the U. S. Embassy in Santiago, Chile, was able to obtain a copy of the
scarce 1:25,000 map of Isla de Pascua. We thank these gentlemen and are
indebted to them for their kind assistance.
The original log book has been archived and microfilmed by Environ
mental Data Service with the records of the Nazca Plate Program.
21
Tab
leA
-l.
Gra
vity
Mea
sure
men
tsm
ade
onE
aste
rIs
land
,A
pril
1973
Grid
Coo
rdin
ates
(l)
Ele
vati
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gals
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thE
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mal
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eAC
IC#4
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87,
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4-7
6.48
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134
Road
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rsec
tion
near
Ana
Kena
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e7,
003,
910
666,
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1948
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3
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eAC
IC#4
841-
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3
(1)
Gri
dco
ordi
nate
san
del
evat
ions
,in
met
ers,
from
the
1:25
,000
scal
em
appu
blis
hed
in19
68fo
rth
eA
irFo
rce
(of
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le.
(2~
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edon
am
eter
cons
tant
of0.
423
mil
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als
per
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visi
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dco
rrec
ted
for
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erd
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.3
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guer
anom
aly
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don
anin
fin
ite
plat
ew
itha
dens
ity
of2.
5gl
ee.
(4)
ACIC
#484
1-1
at27
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5,10
9°26
'Wha
san
adop
ted
valu
eof
979,
254.
32m
illi
gal
s.T
heor
etic
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lue
from
the
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iona
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ravi
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s.
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tions
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ure
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ents
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onne
ldu
ring
the
1973
Naz
caP
late
Pro
ject
.S
elec
ted
cont
ours
and
road
sar
esh
own.
7. APPENDIX B
Profiles of Geophysical Data
In this appendix, profiles of the water depth and of anomalies in
the earth's magnetic and gravity field are presented. The axes are lab
eled. Depths are given in uncorrected meters based on a sound velocity
of 1463.04 meters per second (4800 feet per second). The course of the
ship is shown graphically. Full ticks or half-ticks below the line at
the very bottom of each profile ,show the location of navigational fixes.
Where half-ticks below the line occur they are labeled with the fix
identification number. Half-ticks above the line are labeled and mark
the intersection of the trackline with each integer degree of latitude
and longitude encountered.
24
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