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September, 2005
Naverus, Inc. 1
September, 2005
THIRD ICAO CAR/SAM RNP/RNAV SEMINAR
September, 2005
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AGENDA
What is Performance-Based Nav?
The Four Components
About Criteria
Practical Examples
Safety, Access, Efficiency, Capacity
How to Make it Work
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WHAT IS PERFORMANCE-BASED NAV?
A method of airspace management that establishes
nav system requirements, instead of specifications, that
permits safety, access, efficiency, and capacity.
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WHAT IS PERFORMANCE-BASED NAV?
Benefits of Performance-based NAS well known
Opportunity to improve safety and economics simultaneously, by combining:
Criteria
Aircraft
Operations
ATS
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WHY PERFORMANCE-BASED?
RNP or RNAV?ContainmentWith complete contingency planning
Nav system failuresEngine failuresPre- or post-MAP go-aroundSpeedsWinds
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OK, BUT HOW?
Containment, by definition, requires incorporation of total system performance Regulatory basis emerging
CriteriaAircraft systemsOperationsATS implementation
Navigation system integrityDME/DME availabilityGPSNav Data
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RNAVSBAS GBAS
NoGBNA
OK, BUT HOW?
Starting with RNAV 5 and 2 routes (8 nm center)RNAV SIDs/STARs at 2 and 1RNP SAAAR 0.10 approachesSBAS in parallelGBAS in parallel
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NAVERUS OVERVIEW
Company:Founded February 2003Based in Renton, Washington41 people
Strengths:People, processes, and tools for necessary scale and cycle timeFocus on performance and operationsFlight management systems and navigation dataSupport for regulators
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NAVERUS OVERVIEW
Naverus produces performance-based navigation solutions for operators
Full range of productsProcedures
Operations and maintenance services
Regulatory support products
Flight data monitoring
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NAVERUS PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Operations Deployment Obstacle surveys, validation flights
Support for regulatory ops approval
Operations & MaintenanceGPS Performance Dispatch
Departure performance engineering
Sapphire: Nav data change monitoring
Flight data monitoring analysis
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RNP OPERATIONS: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?
May, 1995 to now: 10+ years of RNP
Focus on multi-sensor aircraft with AFM authorization for RNP Operations
Experience with Boeing/Airbus aircraft has validated:
Airworthiness of aircraft & multi-sensor systemsSuitability of procedure design criteriaOperational elementsATS
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AIRWORTHINESS OF AIRCRAFT & SENSORS
Flight Data Monitoring
AvailabilityIntegrityGPS accuracy (HFOM)Barometric VNAV performanceLateral & verticalpath tracking
Distribution of ANP Values
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
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200
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0.0
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0.3
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ANP (nm)
Obs
erva
tion
s
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AIRWORTHINESS OF AIRCRAFT & SENSORS
2 x RNP 0.15 nm
1 x RNP 0.15 nm
GPS SPS Std 95%
GPS Measured, Worst Site, 95%
GPS Measured, Avg, 95%
Flight Technical Error, Measured, 95%
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AIRWORTHINESS OF AIRCRAFT & SENSORS
Crosstrack FTE Histogram
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
-0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Deviation
Obs
erva
tions
Mean: -0.002 nmStandard Deviation: 0.0146 nmTotal points: 573Implied FTE (2σ): 0.0285 nm
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AIRWORTHINESS OF AIRCRAFT & SENSORS
Vertical FTE Histogram
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80Deviation (ft)
Obs
erva
tions
Mean: 0.35 ftStandard Deviation: 17.82 ftTotal points: 365Obs > -49' 99.73%
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CRITERIA
Range of criteria dealing with performance-based navigationPANS-OPS
FAA 8260
FAA Notice
Naverus
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CRITERIA
SPECIALFAA AC 120-29A
Special SAAARFAA N 8000.300
Public SAAARFAA Order 8260.52
Public RNAV PANS-OPS/TERPS
Perform
ance
App
licab
ility
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CRITERIA
0
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00
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00
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13
50
14
00
HAT (ft)
# of
App
roac
hes
RNP 0.10 RNP 0.30
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OPERATIONAL ELEMENTS
Procedures & process demonstrated for:Insuring integrity of navigation databases
Forecasting GPS availability
Flight crew & dispatch training
Flight crew procedures
Ops SpecsDefines operational requirements
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ATS CONSIDERATIONS
ATSNeed the clearance!WestJet has RNP to every runway endATS integration
STAR integrationRNP transitions where it makes sense
Reduced separation standardsReduced radar requirements
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AGENDA
What is “RNP”?
The Four Components
About Criteria
Practical Examples
Safety, Access, Efficiency, Capacity
How to Make it Work
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W002W.23
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W002W.26
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JUNEAU, ALASKA
Runway 8 IFR arrival: 1000+ feet and 2+ milesRunway 26 IFR arrival: none
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RUNWAY 8 MISSED APPROACH POINT
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OFFSET LDA APPROACH
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RNP RNAV RW08
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JUNEAU GASTINEAU CHANNEL
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RNP RNAV RW26
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RNP RNAV RW26
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SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
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Washington, DC
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Washington, DC
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Washington, DC
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Washington, DC
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CUSTOMERS WORLDWIDE
B737-300
B737-700
B737-800
B747-400
B757-200
A320
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TYPICAL IMPLEMENTATION FLOW
Start Project
Preliminary Design
Prototype Design
Validation Test Flight
Ops Approval
Flight
Digital Terrain Model
ALPHA Design
BETA Design
Final Revisions
Customer/ATS Concurrence?
YESNO
Customer/ATS Concurrence?NO
YES
Understand requirementsValidate designSecure Ops ApprovalDeploy
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NAVERUS RESULTS: IMPROVED ACCESS
Before RNP:Limited to B737-300, special crew
Additional Qualified Pilot on Jump Seat forContingency
Departure constraints:Limited Payload - Block 24 seatsLow Wx in Australia: tech stop in Christchurch, refuel
Departure minima: 4200’ (AMSL) & 5 km
With RNP:
Use B737-800, any crew
Departure constraints reduced:
Full plane passenger capacity
No refueling hop –straight to Sydney with fuel to spare
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45QUEENSTOWN, NZ (NZQN) September, 2005
46QUEENSTOWN, NZ (NZQN)
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47QUEENSTOWN, NZ (NZQN) September, 2005
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QUEENSTOWN, NZ (NZQN)
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RNP RNAV 1 RW 27
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RNP RNAV 1 RW 09
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RNP RNAV 3 RWY 09
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ECHO ONE DEPARTURE
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ENGINE FAIL RW 27
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HEAVY ONE DEPARTURE
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ENGINE-FAIL RW 09
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RNP RNAV = SAFETY
Stabilizes approaches; reduces CFIT risk
Positive vertical and lateral guidance
Improves safety by providing the best available contingency plan and easy crew compliance in rare event of failure
Optimizes path for terrain/obstacle avoidance
Simplifies crew training thereby reducing training costs, assures maximum safety
Coding procedures standardizes operations
BenefitFeature
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RNP RNAV = IMPROVED ACCESS
Improves access at airports with weather/terrain challenges
Reduces minima [DA(h)] for approach
Provides better access to operators now, without waiting for deployment of ground-based infrastructure
Relies on on-board avionics, not ground-based infrastructure
Allows tailoring of flight path to satisfy air traffic/airspace constraints, abate noise, environmental, or political concerns
Tight/consistent containment
BenefitFeature
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5km
5km
13780’ (2077’)
12614’ (903’)
ILS
RNP 0.3
09Lhasa ZULS
1 nm1.25 nm.50 nm
1060’ (776’)1220’ (923’)548’ (250’)
GPSNDBRNP 0.1
24Guam PGUM (preliminary)
5 km5 km2000 m
3800’ (2629’)4200’ (3029’)1421’ (250’)
VOR DME CVOR DME BRNP 0.1
23Queenstown NZQN
3 nm3 nm1 nm
3560’ (2151’)2840’ (1431’)1736’ (360’)
RNAV (GPS)NDB-BRNP 0.1
34Kelowna CYLW
VisibilityDA(h)ApproachRwyAirport
NAVERUS RESULTS: IMPROVED ACCESS
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EFFICIENCY GAINS: WEST JET
TIM MORGAN, Senior VP Ops & Co-founder of West JetFrom Aviation Week, 2/28/2005:
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?Asset utilization
?Lower minimums
?Navaid outages
?Training/ops simplification
?Payback of development costs, in weeks
Payback
?Averted delays, /week
?Route savings, per airport
Assumptions
Net Benefit
SUBSTANTIAL TOTAL BENEFITS
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RNP RNAVSBAS GBAS
NoGBNA
How do you get started?
Use 8260.52, AC 90-RNP now (“public”)Focus on a controlled set of aircraftAccommodate specials and use the appropriate criteria where safety dictatesContinue to work augmentation programs to expand all-weather operations capabilityUse available expertise and experience to accelerate early benefits and justify equipage
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THIRD ICAO CAR/SAM RNP/RNAV SEMINAR
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Backup Slides
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