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Biomass CHP Systems Short Course Penn State Bioenergy Short Course Series 2010 Native Grasses as a Biomass Fuel November 17, 2010 Dan Arnett, Ernst Biomass Overview Introduction – ECS and EB Growth and range Ecological value Various forms Supply

Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

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Page 1: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Biomass CHP Systems Short Course

Penn State Bioenergy Short Course Series 2010

Native Grasses as a Biomass Fuel

November 17, 2010Dan Arnett, Ernst Biomass

Overview

• Introduction – ECS and EB

• Growth and range

• Ecological value

• Various forms

• Supply

Page 2: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Ernst Conservation Seeds, Inc.

• Founded 1962• Meadville, PA – Crawford 

County• Native seed company • 200+ species• Applications include wetland 

mitigation, wildlife habitat, erosion control, land restoration, conservation

• 60+ full‐time employees• 8,000 acres• Largest producer of 

switchgrass seed in the East

Page 3: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Ernst Biomass, LLC

• Founded 2008• Dedicated to the production of solid fuel from native warm season grasses

• First of its kind• Construction began September 2010• Due to begin production 1st quarter 2011• 24,000 tons/year• Three markets: Residential, commercial, industrial

Page 4: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Switchgrass 101

• Switchgrass is often used for multiple native, warm season grass species, including:– Big Bluestem

– Indiangrass

– Prairie Cordgrass

– Coastal Panic Grass

Page 5: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

“Switchgrass” Positives

• Perennial

• Planted with seed

• Native

• Utilizes marginal ground

• Harvested with existing equipment

• Efficient use of water and nutrients 

Page 6: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

“Switchgrass” Negatives

• Establishment phase– First year is mostly root growth

• Herbicide 

• Competition from weeds

• Minimal development

• Logistics 

• Silica content

Range of Adaptation

Page 7: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Varieties

Ecological Value

• Native warm season grasses provide:– Wildlife habitat

• Deer, pheasants, song birds

– Improved soil conditions• Breaks through soil striations

– Improved water quality• Provide nutrient capture eliminating from run‐off

– Carbon sink• Below‐ground biomass

Page 8: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our
Page 9: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our
Page 10: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Various Forms

• Ground/Chopped

• Baled

• Briquettes

• Cubes

• Pellets

• Liquid

Ground/Chopped

• Least expensive process

• Extremely limited logistically– Transportation

– Storage

• Material handling equipment must be large

• Trailers 

Page 11: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Baled• Marginally more expensive

• Easier to handle

• Incremental opportunity for existing equipment

• Stability

• Logistics

Page 12: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Briquettes

• Least expensive densification

• Forgiving process

• Increased bulk density

• Stability

• Robust material handling required

Page 13: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Pellets

• Most expensive densification

• Good material flow 

• Below “best use”

• Processing can be challenging

Page 14: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Liquid 

• Increased energy density

• Theoretical

• Existing infrastructure

• “Drop in” in certain applications with minimal processing

• Other applications require refining

• Lab‐scale 

Supply

• Independently Owned– LaFarge

• Contract‐based• Co‐op• Small vs. Large

– Economies of scale vs. Management challenges

• The best fit will vary between regions

Page 15: Native Grasses as a Fuel - Penn State's Biomass Energy Center: Our

Contact Information

Daniel P. Arnett

Manager

Ernst Biomass, LLC

9006 Mercer Pike

Meadville, PA 16335

(814) 336‐2404

[email protected]