NARRATIVE ACTIVITY COMPLETION REPORT1

ACTIVITY FACTS Name of Platform Growth & Employment Platform

South Partner

Institution

Sokoine University of Agriculture and University of Dar Es Salam,

Tanzania

Activity name Increasing Employment Opportunities and Marketability of Fish and Fish

Products in the Lake Victoria Basin through Reduction of Post-Harvest

Losses

Main responsible

resource person(s) for

activity from South

partner institution2

Robinson Mdegela (SUA), Godius Kahyarara (UD), Fausta Mapunda

(SUA), and Lughano Kusiluka (SUA)

Main responsible

resource person(s) for

activity from Danish

university3

Anders Dalsgaard

Workplace of Danish

resource person(s)

University of Copenhagen (UC)

Start and end of

implementation

(dd/mm/yy)

Start: 1st February 2013

End: 31st July 2013

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION Brief description of

planned activity4

Purpose To enhance employment opportunities and marketability

of fish and fish products in the Lake Victoria through

application of HACCP-based control of hazards

contributing to post-harvest losses in different points

from capture to sale in local and export markets.

Content Specific objectives

1. To establish the biohazard critical control points

(HCP) contributing to fish post-harvest losses

along the fish supply chain from capture to

selling points.

2. To determine the magnitude of biohazard

contamination in water and fish along the supply

chain from capture to selling points.

3. To assess the socio-economic impact of

biohazards in fish and fish products on fish post

harvest losses, livelihood, employment

opportunities and the Tanzanian economy.

1 Must be filled and submitted to Platform Secretariat no later than 2 weeks upon completion of activity.

2 All responsible parties must sign Activity Completion Report before submission.

3 All responsible parties must sign Activity Completion Report before submission.

4 Use LFA (and/or Monitoring Matrix) as a point of departure, where relevant

4. To disseminate research findings to the scientific

community and the fishery industry stakeholders.

Objective based key results from the study

i. Fish transportation and receiving containers at

the landing sites, handling and storage facilities

were identified as critical control points for post-

harvest losses of fish.

ii. The prevalence of microbial pathogens of critical

significance in export market is high in water and

fish but extremely low in processed fish products

for export, in particular fresh and frozen Nile

perch fillet. High prevalence of pathogens in

water and fish is due to poor hygienic and

sanitation measures; and the low prevalence of

microbial pathogens in export products is due to

operationalization of effective quality and

HACCP systems.

iii. Due to implementation of the HACCP system in

all factories that are involved in processing of

fish for export market, the socio-economic

impact of biohazards in fish and fish products on

fish post harvest losses, livelihood, employment

opportunities and the Tanzanian economy is low.

This is based on a significant reduction on the

ALERTS from European countries, the biggest

market for fish products from Lake Victoria. The

socio-economic impact from fish post-harvest

losses is linked to lack of reliable cold chain

facilities including the availability of ice; poor

fishing gears; and stiff competitions among

fishermen in the Lake Victoria basin as well as

between fish products (Nile perch and Pangasuis)

in the European market.

iv. One stakeholders meeting for key actors in the

supply chain (capture to processing) was

conducted; and four manuscripts are under

preparation for publications in peer reviewed

scientific journals.

Contribution

to research

capacity

building

Most of the laboratory activities were carried out at the

National Fish Quality Control Laboratory (NFQCL) –

Nyegezi, Mwanza City. Through implementation of this

project, the research capacity for identification of

Escherichia coli with Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase

as well as serotyping of Salmonella species was

introduced and enhanced. This is a significant

contribution to the Nation.

Indicators i. Availability of results for ESBL E. coli in water

samples analysed at NFQCL

ii. Four manuscripts under preparation

iii. One concept note for research project prepared

and submitted to DANIDA under the South

driven initiatives.

Other relevant

details/comme

nts

It is perceived that much on the forex earnings in

fisheries sector in the Lake Victoria originates from the

processed Nile perch products for export market.

However, findings from the current study show that; fish

and fish products for domestic and regional markets have

the largest potential for economic growth and expanding

employment opportunities. Thus, more focus and efforts

should be made to exploit the potential of such new

market niches.

Post-harvest losses’ does not mean that the fish is not

edible. It is a shelf life issue, it can be sold within limited

time.

Number of

participants

Target The number of participants in the socio-economic studies

were as follows:

i. 125 - Questionnaire survey for Marketability of

Nile perch and fish products in Lake Victoria:

Income and Employment opportunities

ii. - 15 participants in 3 Focus Group Discussions

on the same topic (i) above.

iii. 1050 – Questionnaire survey for Employment

Opportunities and Livelihood in Fisheries

industry in Lake Victoria.

iv. 40 participants during the stakeholders’ meeting.

Results

(include i)

title of

research

proposal and

targeted

funding

source for

jointly written

and

submitted/to

be submitted

for external

funding; ii)

title of

manuscripts

prepared/

submitted to

journals,

reports etc.)

1. Submitted a concept note to DANIDA call entitled

“Innovations in Fishery for Growth and

Employment”. The concept note is under review.

2. Four manuscripts under preparation with the

following running titles:

a. Employment opportunities and livelihood in

fish industry of Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania

Marketability of Nile perch and fish products

in Lake Victoria, Tanzania

b. Marketability of Nile Perch and Fish Products

in Lake Victoria: Opportunities and

Challenges to support Growth and

Employment

c. Fishery Contribution to the Income and

Employment Opportunities in Lake Victoria

Basin

d. The impact of HACCP in the reduction of

fish post-harvest losses in Lake Victoria,

Tanzania.

e. Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevalence of

Microbial Pathogens in Water and Fish in

Lake Victoria, Mwanza, Tanzania

Describe/explain

deviations from

planned activity

(timing, number of

participants, content of

activity, venue, etc.)

There were no deviations from the planned activity except that the

content of the activity focused on fish and fish products for export

market. This was after realization that the HACCP system in place for

control of biohazards in the Lake Victoria basin is only applicable to

processed fish products for export market.

Main lessons learned

(list 3-5 issues) 1. Sardine (Dagaa) (Rastrineobola argentea) is a niche

market/emerging product where marketing and employment opportunities for this product and fish in general need to be researched and improved.

2. Capacity building in improved fish processing and reducing post-harvest losses would mean more specialization and market characterization, hence more market opportunities.

3. Government policies should be geared towards strengthening the local market which has a high potential for increasing business and employment opportunities.

4. There is a need for improvement of infrastructure that support fishing and fish processing in order to reduce operational costs, which is an important factor in increasing employment and economic growth in the fisheries sector.

5. There is a need to review policies in Tanzania fisheries sector so that they are in harmony with those of neighboring countries that also target the same market.

6. Direct employment from fish industry is relatively small. However, there are numerous employment opportunities as spin-offs of the fish industry. This study estimated the direct impact on employment growth at 8 to 10 folds. This implies that direct employment of 100 creates a total of 800 to 1000 new employment opportunities, thus making a sum total of 900 to 1100 jobs created.

7. There is high and an added value for a multidisciplinary approach on action research with potential to cause impact.

Suggestions for follow

up activities

Accomplishment of research activities from this project has brought

forward a number of follow-up activities that include:

i. Research grant proposal writing to enable the group to continue

with action research on growth and employment in fisheries sector

in the Lake Victoria basin.

ii. Preparation of a policy brief with policy recommendations to

facilitate communication with policy makers.

Activity Completion Report submitted by:

Name Contact details5 Signature

Prof. Robinson Mdegela Sokoine University of

Agriculture, Department of

Veterinary Medicine and Public

Health, P. O. Box 3021,

Morogoro, Tanzania

e-mail:

rmdegela2012@gmail.com

Dr. Gordius Kyarara

Dr. Godius Kahyarara

University of Dar Es Salaam

Department of Economics,

P.O. Box 35045,

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Tel: +255-22-2410162

E-mail:

gkahyarara@yahoo.co.uk

Ms. Fausta Mapunda

Sokoine University of

Agriculture, Institute of

Development Studies, P. O. Box

3024, Morogoro, Tanzania

E-mail:

faustamapunda@yahoo.com

Tel: +255 713 452142/+255 757

452142

Prof. Lughano Kusiluka

Sokoine University of

Agriculture, Department of

Veterinary Medicine and Public

Health, P. O. Box 3021,

Morogoro, Tanzania

E-mail:

ljmkusiluka@yahoo.com

Tel: +255-754-436316 & +255-

787-436316.

Prof. Anders Dalsgaard University of Copenhagen,

Faculty of Health and Medical

Sciences, Department of

Veterinary Disease Biology,

Groennegaardsvej 15, DK-1870

Frederiksberg C, Denmark

Email : adal@life.ku.dk ;

mobile : +45 24431305.

Date of Signature:

September 26, 2013

5 Minimum e-mail address and phone number for all signatories.

Where relevant please enclose:

a) List of participants/attendance register

b) Program/course outline

c) Publications produced by the activity

PROJECT REPORT 30/07/2013

Feedback Workshop on Increasing Employment Opportunities and Marketability of Fish and Fish Products in the Lake Victoria Basin through Reduction of Post-Harvest Losses 1. Introduction The fisheries sector in the Lake Victoria basin employs over 160,000 fishermen with over 52,000 fishing boats by (Scholz, 2006). The sector also generates employment to the mass of fisheries, processors, transporters, as well as generated more employment opportunities to fishery and non-fishery related activities. This research project titled Increasing Employment Opportunities and Marketability of Fish and Fish Products in the Lake Victoria Basin through Reduction of Post-Harvest Losses was implemented from March to July 2013. The main objective of the project was to enhance employment opportunities and marketability of fish and fish products in the Lake Victoria through application of HACCP-based control of hazards contributing to post-harvest losses in different points from capture to sale in local and export markets. Specifically the project aimed at establishing the biohazard critical control points (HCP) contributing to fish post-harvest losses along the fish supply chain from capture to selling points, determine the magnitude of biohazard contamination in water and fish along the supply chain ,to assess the socio-economic impact of biohazards in fish and fish products on fish post-harvest losses, livelihood, employment opportunities and the Tanzanian economy and to disseminate research findings to the scientific community and the fishery industry stakeholders. 2. Feedback Workshop

2.1 Opening Remarks Prof R. Mdegela: brief introduction regarding the project and purpose of the meeting Made an Official welcome to all the BSU-PHL stakeholders meeting members BSU-PHL project: Increasing Employment Opportunities and Marketability of Fish and Fish Products in the Lake Victoria Basin through Reduction of Post-Harvest Losses Appropriate that the meetings was taking place in Mwanza the time when we are all thinking critically on opportunities and challenges facing the fisheries sector in the LVB. Need to prepare your mind and orientation as researchers for potential discoveries and solutions to challenges facing the sector. Hearing of someone else's background and experiences can often lead to discoveries that can educate and profoundly help others. Take advantage of this rare gathering to meet one another, talk with one another, and learn from one another. Taking initiatives, responsibilities and accountability. Think Win/Win: find solutions that help all sides. Seek first to Understand, then to be Understood. Purpose of the stakeholders meeting: To undertake a participatory validation of research findings from BSU project and form shared opinions on the way forward. Objectives:

i. To discuss and validate the research findings from BSU-PHL project. ii. To explore the implications of the research findings on health and safety of fish and fish

products; economic growth and employment opportunities in the lake Victoria basin. iii. To identify the immediate and long-term relevant research questions in fisheries sector

Expected outputs

i. The research findings from BSU-PHL project validated ii. Implications of the research findings on health and safety of fish and fish products;

economic growth and employment opportunities in the lake Victoria basin established iii. Immediate and relevant research questions in fisheries sector identified

2.2 Background, heterogeneity of the sample/ characteristics of sample involved in the survey (age, sex, education) stakeholders categories i.e. number of processors, Fisheries, etc. (Separate report) Dr. Gaudious Kahyarara (Separate report). 2.3 Potential on fish sector

- Increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - Employment opportunities. It was reported that there are two groups that benefit from

the sector; primary employment where existence of the fish processing industries creates employment. It is estimated that 24% of people are employed in the fish sector as full time employees’ i.e. from fish catch, transport, processing etc.

- The second category are part time employees who form about more than 75% of employees

- During discussion processors reported that, unreliable fish market constraint them to maintain employees as permanent employees

- Nile perch export in 2007 to 2011 declined that threatened livelihood of majority engaged in fish sector

- Livelihoods improvement. It was reported that, majority in fish sector are poor. Changes in agricultural sector leads to changes in fish sector whether to engage more people or not.

2.4 Labour productivity

- Economic growth seems to increase however there is other explanation on why the performance in fish sector decline overtime. We need to pinpoint indicators in fish industry whether the sector is improving or not

- Capital formation - Market information have improved due to mobile phones

2.5 Fish marketing opportunities - Niche Market i.e. cold chain stores are coming up to ensure good handling practices - Women have specialized in Marketing of Fish maws (Bondo) special for making

operation threads. Price of fish maws is promising i.e. follows 220, 000 Tsh at 1kg of large fish Maw, 160, 000 for medium large , 95,000Tsh for large and 54,000 Tsh for small fish maw per kg while Nile perch is sold at 5000 Tsh/kg

- Cage culture: This will enhance growth and employment opportunity along the lake since people will engage in fish farming as done in Uganda and Kenya

- Growth in local fish market is big and price is stable as compared to export market Local and regional fish markets create more informal employment. More investment in local markets would enhance more employment and therefore livelihood improvement

2.6 Challenges

1. Competition in fish supply from Thailand, India, China, Japan. This brings dynamics in employment in fish sector in Tanzania and processors switch to part time employees.

2. The supply of Pangasias from China, Taiwan and Vietnam threaten the Nile perch Market as they look similar. In terms of value however, Nile Perch are still of high value and price is still stable

3. Market competition with other neighbouring East African countries (Kenya and Uganda). Processors in Bukoba face stiff competition with processors in Uganda who buy fish at high price and handling costs are less in Uganda as compared to Tanzania

4. Storage capacity is very important in deciding the amount of fish to process 5. Increased transaction cost in fish processing especially costs of electricity, shipping costs

in Kenya are cheaper by 25%. 6. Uncoordinated government agencies e.g. TFDA, TRA, TBS municipal staff etc. contribute

to additional costs. So you need big capital in order to breakeven. 7. Taxation system in Tanzania. Royalty is one USD /kg while in Uganda this cost is not

there. 8. Flight charges in Tanzania are high as compared to neighbouring countries 9. In general government policies in Tanzania affects fish sector. There is a need to

harmonize statutory requirement to smoothen the situation. 2.7 Copping strategies Due to challenges encountered by fish processors, some processors have decided to diversify 1. Some processors have started to engage on cattle slaughtering 2. Other have adopted poultry faming 3. Using part time employees

3.0 Type and magnitude of biohazard contamination in water and fish along the supply chain

Mr. Ofred Mhongole/ Prof. Mdegela and Prof Kusiluka 4.0 Groups’ presentation/ feedback to be included from Dr. Catherine Msuya ------------------------- 5.0 Recommendations

1. Sardine (Dagaa) is a niche market/emerging product where marketing opportunities for dagaa and fish in general need to be researched

2. Capacity building would mean more specialization and market characterization i.e. more market opportunities

3. and law strengthening local market may lead to more business opportunities 4. improvement in infrastructure is also an important aspect in order to improve

employment in fish sector 5. Ice plants limits their scale of processing/ chilling 6. There is a need to review policies in Tanzania since the existing policies compete with

those operating in neighbouring countries 7. Institutional arrangement enforce need to be strengthened so as to reduce transaction

costs

APPENDIX 1

PROGRAMME FOR THE STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP FOR VALIDATION OF BSU RESEARCH FINDINGS IN LAKE VICTORIA BASIN IN MWANZA

VENUE: G & G HOTEL MWANZA

DATE: 30TH JULY 2013

TIME EVENT RESPONSIBLE

PERSON

08:00 – 08:30 Arrival at the venue and registration All

08:30 – 09:00 Welcome note, introductions and opening remarks (purpose,

objectives and expected outputs of the meeting)

R. Mdegela

09:00 – 10:30 Research findings from BSU project and implications on health

and safety of fish and fish products; post-harvest losses, economic

growth and employment opportunities

M. Medard

O. Mhongole

G. Kahyarara

10:30 – 11:00 Tea break All

11:00 – 12:30 Discussions (Questions and answers from all presentations) F. Mapunda

L. J. M. Kusiluka

12:30 – 13:30 Lunch All

13:30 – 14:30 Discussion groups F. Mapunda

C. Msuya

14:30 – 15:30 Plenary session C. Msuya

15:30 – 16:00 Tea All

16:00 – 17:00 Way forward and stakeholders consultation on future finding

opportunities

R. Mdegela

17:00 – 17:30 Closing remarks S. Lukanga

R. Kayanda

Appendix 2: List of participants during the stakeholders meeting

SN NAME ORGANIZATION OCCUPATION 1. Dr. Gordon Kahyarara University of Dar es Salaam Researcher 2. Jacob Maiseli Vicfish LTD Quality Assurance Manager 3. Edwin Okong’o MFI LTD Quality Manager 4. Michael P. Mhina NFQCL Senior Chemist 5. Longinus Tegulirwa NFQCL CH - NFQCL 6. Ivon F. Maha IMC Municipal Fisheries 7. Mukund Kumar TANPERCH LTD Quality Assurance Manager 8. Charles F. Swai FETA, Nyegezi Campus Director 9. William Clemence IBANDA FISH Chairman 10. Augustino Minja Kishari Fish LTD Director 11. Makuke Makuke IMC Marker Manager Kirumba 12. Zebedayo Baniga NFQ CL Head of Laboratory NFQCL 13. Theresia N. Linus NFQCL Analysts 14. Muhidini Malima TFPL Quality inspector 15. Catherine P. Msuya Sokoine University of Agric. Researcher 16. Fauster Mapunda Sokoine University of Agric. Researcher 17. Anthony Ernest CHUBO FISH Assistant Director 18. Ismail Juma Shabani Sokoine University of Agric. Potential for Self employment in fisheries 19. Balala Adolf Sokoine University of Agric. Potential for Self employment in fisheries

20. Gasper Baltazar Sokoine University of Agric. Potential for Self employment in fisheries

21. Aron Gwakisa Sokoine University of Agric. Potential for Self employment in fisheries

22. Erick Samwel Sokoine University of Agric. Potential for Self employment in fisheries

23. Nuru E. Mwasulama FFDA-Lake Zone Food Inspector 24. Sophia Kiluvia Mwanza City Council Environmental Health Officer 25. Baba Nyafuru Mwanza City Council Environmental Health Officer 26. Robinson Mdegela Sokoine University of Agric. Researcher 27. Modesta Medad TAFIRI Researcher 28. Lughano Kusiluka Nelson Mandela - AIST Researcher 29. Stephen A. Lukanga NFQCL - Nyegezi Zonal officer 30. Robert Kayanda TAFIRI Researcher 31. Jasson B. Mutayabarwa Sokoine University of Agric Potential for Self employment in fisheries 32. Omary Kamata Fisheries Officer CFSO 33. Lameck Mongo Fisheries Division, Mwanza Fisheries MCS In-charge 34. Kayaga Ray Sokoine University of Agric Potential for Self employment in fisheries

35. Daniel Fussi Sokoine University of Agric Potential for Self employment in fisheries

36. Mhongole Ofred Fisheries Division Microbiology 37. Jairas Marcose NPFL - Mwanza Quality Assurance Manager 38. Nankondo Semu NFQCL Fish transporter 39. Teddy Malulu Mugurusi Fish Trader – Mwaloi Landing site 40. Abdul Omari Mugurusi Fish Trader – Mwaloi Landing site