Nanotechnologies in France : a key for sustainable development - OECD · Key operators of nano in France CEA ~2000 researchers CNRS operator for 4900 researchers (CNRS + Universities)

OCDE_Paris 15/07/09 JP Bourgoin

JP BourgoinDirector of the CEA Nanoscience [email protected]

Nanotechnologies in France : a key for sustainable development


It is now possible to observe the nanoworld,Understand its laws and construct nano-objects and nanosystems

Enabling technologies crucial for competing economiesPredictions up to 2600 milliards € in 2014 (Lux research)

Sustainable development : energy, water, preserving re ssources …Nanomedecine : diagnostic, therapeutics, …ICT : education, …Responsible development: risk handling, ethics

Economical issue

Scientific and Technological challenges

Societal implications

Nanosciences & Nanotechnologies: major issue of the 21st century

Sciences and technologies developing and using:•Control and structuration of matter at a scale below 10 0 nm•Mastering the physical phenomena that are specific to th is scale


Nanotechnologies : a growing effort worldwide

http://www.oecd.org/sti/working-papers


Publications and Patents in nanotechnologies



Trends in the nanotechnology development worldwide

nanotechnology developmentcharacterized by strongregional concentration

very fast growth of activityof new playerscomplementing the historicalplayers



Nano in France : key figures and players

• A research priority in France since 1999

• 404M€ public support in 2007 (OCDE)

• CEA and CNRSKey operators of nano in FranceCEA ~2000 researchersCNRS operator for 4900 researchers

(CNRS + Universities)

• Paris Region and Rhone-Alps as main regions

• France 5,6% of world publications in nano 91-’07 (#5 world, #2 EU)• France 4% of world patents in nano up to ’05 (#5 world, #3 EU)

630

832

22002025

560

CEA -CNRS

~7000 Public Researchersin Nano In France

(all institutions)

615


France: tools to implement the policy in nano

• National Research Agency 83M€ 2008 12% of the research budget– ANR/ P3N program (delegation to CEA)– other programs (Young researchers, Blue sky, EHS, Life Sci., ..)– National (RTB) nanofabrication/characterization infrastructure network

• CNRS-MRES(-CEA): C'NANO national nanoscience research network

• CEA-CNRS-MRES-Uni.: RTRA– Academic Excellence clusters in Grenoble, Saclay and Strasbourg

• CARNOT Institutes for private-public partnership

• COMPETITIVITY Clusters : industry -oriented R&D

Basic Research& Education

TechnologicalResearch

Industrialdevelopments

Min

istr

yof

Res

earc

hM

inis

try

of In

dust

ry

RTRA Carnot

Competitivity clustersANR/P3N

NanoInnov Initiative

C'NANO


The Campus plan and the nanoInnov initiative

12 Excellence CAMPUS – 5B€ endowmentAnnounced by Mme V. PécresseMinistre de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche NanoINNOV Alliance :

technological hubs forintegration of

nanotechnologies


The Nano-INNOV Initiative

ENSCI – K. ZaouaiMinatec Ideas Laboratory®

A. Costes, J. Therme, D. Vernay


The three Nano-Innov integration centers

national steering comittee(CEA, CNRS, ANR, Univ., Industrials, ..)

Building2009-201155000 m2

Planned>2009

Working2006

50000 m2


Eco-technologies and Energy : a new impetus

M. Nicolas Sarkozy, Président de la RépubliqueChambery, INES 9 juin 2009

"Là où nous dépensons un euro pour la recherche sur le nucléaire, nous dépenserons un euro pour la

recherche sur les énergies propres et la préservation de l'environnement »

⇒Solar Energy⇒ 2nd generation Biomass⇒marine Energy

BuildingUrbanismTransportEnergyBiodiversityWaterAgriculture

ResearchRisks, Health,environmentWasteGovernmental exampleGovernance, training,InfoOutre-mer

13 areas

13 areas

« 1B€ (supplement.) for environment and new energy technologies R&D incl. 400 millions d’euros for industrial demonstrators »


Nanotechnologies for sustainable development

Nanotechnology are crucial for :•Low carbon energy•Saving matter hence energy

Materialsbiomasscatalysts Storage

SolarPhotovoltaics

Fuel cellsNon exhaustive examples


From breakthoughs to demonstrators

Demonstrators

2010-2015

400M€FromThe

Grenelleimpetus


Nanotechnologies for energy: fuel cells

17/ 331

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1955 1970 1980 1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2010

€ /

Che

val

Micro-particles of Pt (spray)

Nano particlesPt / C Localisation of

Pt (CVD)

Traditional Microtechnologies Nanotechnologies…

CEA Patents

Pure Pt

electrodes

Cost of Pt compatible with

A thermal motor of 130 HP @ 3500 €

Nanoarchitectureof the electrode: using 100% of the metal

Decreasing the amount of Pt used thanksto micro and nanotechnologies

Fe Hydrogenase(Nicolet et al 1999)

Nano-engineeredBimetallic catalyst

?


Nanotechnologies for energy: Li-ion batteries

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

num

ber o

f km

aut

onom

y fo

r 15

0kg

of b

atte

ries

années

Autonomy of the vehicle

(equivalent weight to thermal motors)

NiCd ( 45 km)Lead(30 km)

Low autonomyUtilitary vehicle

Electrical vehicles1990

Present hybrid vehicles)

LiFePO 4 nano

Nano Silicon

NiMH ( 70 km)

Li ion 2010 (150 km)

Li ion 2015 (300km)


Nanotechnologies for energy: solar cells

Integrating silicon nanowires in a solar cell

Electricalcollection

nanowires

Silicon wafer

A promising approach to complement Si heterojunctions

S. Perraud et al CEA


A responsible development of nanotechnologies

A significant effort for analysis and handling of potential risks:

Safety•Precaution principle•Safe handling and manufacturing of nanomaterials (metrology and prevention)•Recommandations worked out by:

- HCSP (Haut Conseil de Santé Public)- INRS ( Institut National de Recherche sur la Sécurité)- AFSSET (Agence Française de sécurité Sanitaire, de l’Environnement et du Travail)

Toxicology•Analysis of potential toxicological risks:

• actions involving CEA, CNRS, INSERM, INERIS (Institut National de l'EnviRonnement industriel et des rISques), INRS, AFSSET, …•Participation to the OCDE WPNM (SiO2, TiO2, (Nanotubes; Ag NP))• launching of a European Joint Action on nanogenotoxicity)

•Analysis of environmental risks:•France-USA collaboration (I-Center for Enviromnental Impact of NanoTechnologies)

Strong collaborations with the European Commission and OCDE countries


Nanoparticle safety at CEA

Cellule de test des gants

4*106 part/cm 3 à 1,5 nm

Low Q, low v

00,51

1,52

2,53

3,54

2 3 4 5 6 7Particle size (nm)

Pen

etra

tion

(%)

Q = 3,1 l/min.

32 000 visiteursmars 2009

Metrology of nanoparticles Efficiency of individual protection

Characterising the work placeExposure record of the workers Safe processes

and installations

Training on nanomat. safetyHandling accidentsProtecting the environment

Nanosecurity platform of the nanoInnov Grenoble center


A responsible development of nanotechnologies

Article 37

L’utilisation des substances à l’état nanoparticulaire ou

de matériaux contenant des nanoparticules fera l’objet

d’un débat public organisé au plan national avant fin

2009. L’État se donne pour objectif que, dans un délai

de deux ans qui suit la promulgation de la présente loi,

la fabrication, l’importation ou la mise sur le marché de

substances à l’état nanoparticulaire ou des matériaux

destinés à rejeter de telles substances, dans des

conditions normales ou raisonnablement prévisibles

d’utilisation, fassent l’objet d’une déclaration

obligatoire , relative notamment aux quantités et aux

usages, à l’autorité administrative ainsi que d’une

information du public et des consommateurs. Une

méthodologie d’évaluation des risques et des bénéfices

liés à ces substances et produits sera élaborée. L’État

veillera à ce que l’information due aux salariés par les

employeurs soit améliorée sur les risques et les

mesures à prendre pour assurer leur protection.


The public debate on nanotechnologies

an important contribution to the responsible development of nanotechnologies

The Débat Public is meant to bring a balanced debate on :

•Conditions on funding of research and innovation in nanotechnology•Characterizing exposure and evaluation of human and enviromnentaltoxicity of nanoparticles•Information and protection of workers and consumers•Control and gouvernance with a special emphasis on public freedom

Documents

Nanotechnologies in France : a key for sustainable development - OECD · Key operators of nano in France CEA ~2000 researchers CNRS operator for 4900 researchers (CNRS + Universities)