mziani Ramis 38 weli - dl.sangu.edu.gedl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/mzianigame.pdf · patriarqi izrdeboda (deda, mama, Zmebi: Teimurazi, SoTa, viqtori, da _ nino) RvTismsaxurebis yvela wess

sergo vardosaniZe

mziani Ramis 38 weli

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II

èklesiisadmi Sewiruli Tqveni moRvaweobis nayofi

xiluli da naTelia. mas momavali Taobebi oqros

asoebiT Caweren sisxliT morwyuli saqarTvelos

istoriis furclebze, iseve rogorc oqros asoebiT

aris Cawerili Tqveni saxeli Cvens gulebSi~.

yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis

qarTuli universiteti

wigni eZRvneba uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis

mitropolitis ilia II-is dabadebis 82 da aRsaydrebis 38 wlisTavs da mogviTxrobs

uwmidesisa da unetaresis cxovrebis did gzaze _ 1933 wlidan 2015 wlamde.

redaqtori: akademikosi roin metreveli

ISBN: 978-9941-9450-1-4

3

sarCevi

Tavi I. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesisa da ..............

unetaresi ilia II-is cxovrebis gzis dasawyisi ........................................ 5

Tavi II. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis me-12 ...............

saeklesio kreba, mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos .................

kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeva-aRsaydreba ............................................. 15

Tavi III. pirveli siZneleebi, problemebi da maTi gadaWris gzebis Zieba ...... 26

Tavi IV. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ........................

urTierToba marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan da ........................................

aramarTlmadideblur konfesiebTan. avtokefaliuri .............................

moZraobis warmatebiT dagvirgvineba ...................................................... 36

Tavi V. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ........................

eparqiebis aRorZineba, kavSiri sazRvargareTis samonastro ..................

centrebTan, wmida sinodis ganCinebani, axali wmindanebi ..................... 70

Tavi VI. erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba. saqarTvelos .......................

marTlmadidebeli eklesia _ qarTvelTa erTianobis simbolo ............ 91

Tavi VII. ganaTleba, mecniereba, saRvTismetyvelo literatura, .....................

Jurnal-gazeTebi ...................................................................................... 111

Tavi VIII. ukvdavebaSi gardasul saxeTa ardaviwyeba ...................................... 130

Tavi IX. erisa da eklesiis interesebis sadarajoze ...................................... 137

Tavi X. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ........................

sapatriarqo samsaxurebi ........................................................................ 144

Tavi XI. patriarqi .............................................................................................. 149

boloTqma ............................................................................................................. 184

5

Tavi I. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is

cxovrebis gzis dasawyisi

adamiani, visac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeloba

XX-XXI saukuneTa mijnaze, daZabul da gansacdelebiT savse epoqaSi

arguna gangebam, Cveni samSoblos maRalmTiani da ganapira kuTxis, xevis

Svilia. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis

mTavarepiskoposis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis uwmidesi

da unetaresis ilia II-is, eriskacobaSi irakli giorgis Ze RuduSauri-

SiolaSvilis sagvarulo stefanwmindidan, sofel snodan iRebs saTaves.

uwmidesi patriarqis mSobliuri xevi, Tavisi mdebareobis gamo yovelTvis

gansakuTrebul rols asrulebda qveynis istoriaSi. saukuneTa

ganmavlobaSi uwevdaT moxeveebs kavkasionis gadmosasvlelebis dacva.

darialis viwro xeobis Caketvas isini yovelTvis axerxebdnen da mters

qveynis siRrmeSi ar uSvebdnen.

V saukunis 40-ian wlebSi, rodesac mefe vaxtang gorgasali alan-osebis

damarcxebisa da darialis karis Caketvis Semdeg Crdilo-kavkasiidan samSobloSi

brundeboda, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, gzad snos xeobaSi gaiara da am laSqrobaSi

Tavadadebul meomars snos madlobis niSnad Svili RuduSa mounaTla. amis

Semdeg RuduSas STamomavlebi _ RuduSaurebi _ gansakuTrebul rols asru-

lebdnen xevis cxovrebaSi. XVII saukuneSi am sagvareulos saxelganTqmuli

warmomadgeneli Siola RuduSauri iyo. misi STamomavlebi arian: Sarambali-

suRuta-glaxa-Saqro-gaga (igive giorgi _ saqarTvelos patriarqis mama).

xevi gamoirCeva qristianuli eklesiebis simravliT. gansakuTrebulia

gergetis yovladwminda samebis saxelobis taZari, romelic myinvarwveris fonze

waruSlel kvals tovebs mnaxvelis mexsierebaSi. sakvirveli peizaJi iSleba

gergetis samebis taZridan. ̀ SesaZloa imitom, rom me warmoSobiT mTis kaci var,

yvelafers mirCevnia mTis peizaJi, yvelaze Tvalwarmtaci sanaxaoba CemTvis

aris gergetidan wmida samebaSi asvlisas mTis yvavilebiT mofenili ferdobebis

xilva. garSemo saocari silamazea~ _ aRniSnavs uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris erTaderTi

damakavSirebeli gza darialze gadioda da aqve, xevSi warmoiSva pirvelad

axla ukve rusTa uRlisagan Tavdaxsnis survili. simboluri iyo rom, swored

am mTaTa mkvidris _ aleqsandre yazbegis (CofikaSvilis) erT-erTi moTxrobis

personaJs ekuTvnis sityvebi, romelnic dRemde ar kargaven cxovelmyofel

Zalas: àr daiviwyo, rom sadac Seni mama-papa gaCenila da damarxula, imas

gedavebian da ar daanebo!~

6

XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi ruseTidan samSobloSi momavalma `Terg-

daleulma~ ilia WavWavaZem ki moxeve lelT Runias piriT qarTvelobas sanukvari

mizani gaacxada _ `Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudnes~.

swored xevSi, saqarTvelos am gamorCeul kuTxeSi cxovrobdnen momavali

patriarqis mSoblebi: mama _ giorgi simonis Ze SiolaSvili da deda _ natalia

iosebis asuli kobaiZe.

giorgi SiolaSvilis axalSeqmnili ojaxi Tavdapirvelad sofel snoSi

damkvidrda. xevSi, iseve rogorc mTel saqarTveloSi, im dros iwyeboda

bolSevikuri eqsperimenti koleqtivizaciis saxiT. indvidualuri soflis

meurneoba azrs kargavda. sofels gauWirda. giorgi SiolaSvilma 1927 wels

ojaxi droebiT sacxovreblad q. vladikavkazSi (ZaugSi) gadaiyvana, sadac saxli

SeiZina. am qalaqSi XIX saukunis II naxevridan arsebobda mravalricxovani qarTuli

diaspora, romelic sisxlxorceulad iyo dakavSirebuli dedasamSoblosTan.

giorgi SiolaSvilis ojaxi vladikavkazSi cnobili iyo, rogorc RvTismoSiSi

da Rrmadmorwmune. 1933 wlis 4 ianvars am ojaxSi vaJi daibada da mamam mas

mefe erekle II-is pativsacemad irakli daarqva. im dros vladikavkazSi jer

kidev moqmedebda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi

Semavali wmida mociqulTaswori ninos saxelobis qarTuli eklesia. taZris

winamZRvari, arqimandriti tarasi kandelaki, kaTolikos-patriarq kirion II-

is yofili mdivani, gaWirvebiT, magram mainc axerxebda eklesiis SenarCunebasa

da dacvas rogorc adgilobrivi saero, aseve sasuliero xelisuflebis

Semotevebisagan.

yrma irakli wmida ninos saxelobis qarTul eklesiaSi monaTles. misi

naTlia _ monazoni zoile (dvaliSvili) _ didi xnis ganmavlobaSi winamZRvrobda

mcxeTis dedaTa monasters. naTlias xSirad Camohyavda naTluli mcxeTaSi.

erTxel, sveticxovlobis dResaswaulze, man ymawvili irakli uwmidessa da

unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kalistratesTan

miiyvana da daalocvina igi. mravalricxovani ojaxi, romlSic momavali

patriarqi izrdeboda (deda, mama, Zmebi: Teimurazi, SoTa, viqtori, da _ nino)

RvTismsaxurebis yvela wess gulmodgined aRasrulebda. àr maxsovs Cemi Tavi

uflisadmi rwmenisa da siyvarulis gareSe... TviT Cemi ojaxi iyo morwmune da

mSoblebi bavSvobidanve gvinergavdnen RvTis siyvaruls. saxlSi mudam gvqonda

xatebi, aucileblad enTo kandeli, yovel SabaT-kviras eklesiaSi davdiodiT~,

_ ixsenebs uwmindesi da unetaresi.

giorgi SiolaSvilis ojaxs samSoblosTan da gansakuTrebiT _ sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrate cincaZesTan mWidro kavSiri

arasodes gauwyvetia.. es urTierToba kidev ufro gamyarda 1938 wlis 24

Tebervlis Semdeg, rodesac vladikavkazis wmida ninos saxelobis qarTuli

eklesia gauqmda da morwmune qarTvelobis devna da Seviwroeba daiwyo.

7

`Cemi bavSvoba, _ gviambobs saqarTvelos patriarqi, _ daemTxva saqarTvelos

eklesiisaTvis metad mZime periods. samRvdeloeba idevneboda, eklesiebi

ixureboda. xalxs wirva-locvaze daswrebisa eSinoda. Cvens saxls xSirad

afarebdnen Tavs devnili sasuliero pirebi, TveobiT rCebodnen isini CvenTan

da waruSlel kvals tovebdnen piradad Cems azrovnebasa da bunebaze~.

momavali patriarqis ojaxTan megobrobdnen mahmadiani qistebic. ilia

II aRniSnavs, xSirad isini maTi saxlis stumrebisTvis gamoyofil oTaxSic

loculobdnen TavianTi wesis mixedviT, Semdeg ki stumrebi da maspinZlebi

sadilze erTad ikribebodnen. giorgi da natalia SiolaSvilebis RvawliT,

1947 wels vladikavkazSi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis safarvelis saxelobis

eklesia aSenda. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia masalebi, romlebic

adasturebs am faqts.

1952 wels, patriarq kalistrates gardacvalebis gamo, vladikavkazidan

Camovida qarTvelTa saTvistomos delegacia, romelsac giorgi SiolaSvili

xelmZRvanelobda.

rogorc Tavad patriarqi ixsnebs, bavSvobasa da siymawvileSi igi zafxuls

ZiriTadad snoSi, sagvareulo saxlSi, atarebda, ufrosebisgan ismenda xalxur

Tqmulebebs, snosa da Trusos xeobebSi moivilida da aq gabneul mravalricxovan

cixe-koSkebsa da eklesia-monastrebs aTvalierebda...

1941 wlis seqtemberSi irakli SiolaSvili q. orjonikiZis # 22

saSualo skolis pirvel klasSi Cairicxa. ojaxSi uryev tradiciad qceuli

marTlmadidbluri cxovrebis wesis mixedviT momavali patriarqi saeklesio

msaxurebas umTavres saqmed miiCnevda. skolaSi swavlisas ki gansakuTrebulad

istoria, geografia da ucxo ena itacebda.

1941 wlis 22 ivniss germaniis Tavdasxmam sabWoTa kavSirze, iseve rogorc

mTel msoflioSi, kavkasiaSic bevri ram Secvala. 1941 wlis Semodgomaze omis

Sedegebma am mxareSic iCina Tavi. vladikavkazi frontispira qalaqad iqca.

Ggiorgi SiolaSvilma ojaxi safrTxes gaarida da omis damTavrebamde snoSi

dabrunda. mogvianebiT irakli SiolaSvilma swavla kvlav ganagrZo vladikavkazis

22-e skolaSi, romelic 1952 wels daamTavra. momavalma patriarqma swavlis

gagrZeleba gadawyvita moskovis sasuliero seminariaSi. unda iTqvas, rom am

saswavlebelSi RvTismetyvelebis SeswavlisaTvis marTlac saukeTeso pirobebi

iyo. aswavlidnen gamorCeuli pedagogebi, saswavlebels mdidari biblioTeka

hqonda. uwmidesi da unetaresi siyvaruliTa da madlierebiT ixsenebs Tavis

pedagogebs, romelnic studentebis mimarT saocari pasuxismgeblobiTa da

siyvaruliT gamoirCeodnen.

1956-1960 wlebSi irakli SiolaSvili zagorskis sasuliero akademiis

warCinebuli studentia.

akademiaSi swavlis pirvelsave wels irakli SiolaSvilma gadawyvita,

8

uari eTqva saero cxovrebaze da berad aRkveciliyo. 1957 wlis 16 aprils

Tbilisis aleqsandre nevelis saxelobis eklesiaSi, uwmidesisa da unetaresis

melqisedek III-is locva-kurTxeviT, episkoposma zinobma irakli SiolaSvili

berad aRkveca da saxelad uwoda ilia. rodesac yovladusamRvdeloesma

zinobma beradaRkvecili ilia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,

melqisedek III-s warudgina, gaxarebulma patriarqma am sityvebiT mimarTa mas:

xuTi SenisTana rom myavdes, saqarTvelos eklesias aRaraferi gauWirdebao. 18

aprils sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi patriarqma melqisedek III-m mas berdiakvnad

daasxa xeli. 1959 wlis 10 maiss ki, melqisedek III-is werilobiTi nebarTviT

ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi I-ma zagorskis wmida sergis savanis satrapezoSi

ber-diakoni ilia mRvdelmonazvnad akurTxa.

rogorc Tavad uwmidesi da unetaresi ixsenebs, sasuliero akademiaSi

swavlis periodSi mis arsebaSi gansakuTrebuli ZaliT Rvivdeboda dedaeklesiisa

da samSoblos siyvruli. amasve adasturebs misi werili uwmidesisa da

unetaresis melqisedek III-sadmi. es werili imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom saWirod

mimaCnia misi srulad warmodgena: `Tqveno uwmidesobav, gvakurTxeT... aq, Cven

wreSi, vrceldeba xmebi imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia

TiTqos dasasruls uaxlovdeba, radgan: 1) mTeli rigi eparqiebi umoqmedod,

mRvdelmTavris gareSea da arc arsebobs saTanado kadri; 2) RvTismsaxurebis

dros eklesiebSi morwmuneTa daswreba erTob mcirea; 3) saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel avtokefaliur eklesias ar aqvs seminaria, gamomcemloba,

saeklesio muzeumi, wignsacavi, biblioTeka.

laparakia imis Sesaxeb, rom cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ar iqneba daSvebuli

axlad xeldasxmuli qarTveli mRvdelmTavari (igulisxmeba episkoposi

leonide Jvania _ s.v.). da rom mRvdelmTavarTa Soris arian iseTebic,

romlebic araqarTvelTa Sorisac ki avrceleben ubadruk azrs saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis eparqiebis gamsxvilebis aucileblobis

Sesaxeb.

zemoTmoyvanili ZiriTadi problemebis irgvliv Tqvens mier miRebuli

zomebi, saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis TavmjdomaresTan Sexvedris CaTvliT,

CvenTvis cnobilia, magram zogierTi mware sinamdvilis gamo vaZlevT Tavs

nebas, rom Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT Semdeg garemoebas: sabWoTa mTavrobis

saTanado dadgenilebis safuZvelze, ruseTis, ukrainis, somxeTis, sxva

mokavSire respublikebSi arsebobs sasuliero seminaria-akademiebi, xdeba

RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro literaturis gamocema, xatebis gamravleba,

eklesia-monastrebis aRdgena-ganaxleba. saqarTvelos eklesias Tu upiratesoba

ara aqvs, gamonakliss mainc ar warmoadgens, mxolod saWiroa am iuridiuli

uflebis adgilobrivi mTavrobis meSveobiT gamoyeneba, saqarTvelos ssr

xelisufalT, arsebuli wesis dacviT, materialuri SesaZleblobis farglebSi,

9

waredginos werilobiTi saxis ganacxadi saqarTvelos avtokefaliuri

samociqulo eklesiis sasicocxlo sakiTxebis Sesaxeb da energiulad iqnas

moTxovnili pirvel rigSi, seminariis (ara kursebis) gaxsnis, saWiro literaturis

gamocemis, saeklesio muzeumis, wignsacavis daarsebis, gelaTis, wilknis,

nikorwmindis, yazbegis, ananuris, goris eklesiebSi RvTismsaxurebis uflebis

aRdgena-ganaxlebis Sesaxeb... saqarTvelos eklesiis da misi meTauris mtersa

da orguls Cvens pirad mtrad vTvliT, magram ganuxorcielebeli gandidebis

survilis gamo ganawyenebulni, patriarqis SorsmWvreteli gonebis TvaliT da

keTili nebiT, SeiZleba Cayenebul iqnan saqarTvelos eklesiis sakeTildReo

saqmianobaSi.

qarTveli eris siamaye, siwminde da dideba `sveticxoveli~ ara marto

Cveni xalxis, aramed ucxoelTa yuradRebasac imsaxurebs da amis gamo mis

wmida midamoebSi Tqveni locva-kurTxeviT saeklesio muzeum-wignsacavis gaxsna

yovelmxriv gamarTlebuli iqneboda. Tqveni mowodebiT, mosaxleobaSi gabneuli

istoriuli Tu siZveleTa dacvis TvalsazrisiT bevri didmniSvnelovani

saeklesio daniSnulebis nivTi, wigni, wmida xatebi, jvari da sxva aRmoCndeboda

eklesiis sakuTrebaSi, e.i. daculi iqneboda SesaZlebeli ganadgurebisagan.

mzad varT am didi saqmisaTvis gaviRoT piradi biblioTekac. saaRdgomo

ardadegebisaTvis SesaZloa veaxloT Tqvens uwmidesobas da Tqveni miTiTebiTa

da locva-kurTxeviT, arsebuli wesis dacviT, sadResaswaulo qadagebebiT

mivmarToT morwmune sazogadoebas. Rrma pativiscemiT geamborebiT da

gamoviTxov Tqvens wmida locva-kurTxevas. i. SiolaSvili, zagorski 1957 wlis

12 Tebervali~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis umZimesi mdgomareoba

mosvenebas ukargavda axalgazrda students da aseTi Tamami, magram samarTliani

gancxadebiT mimarTavda igi uwmidessa da unetaress melqisedek III-s.

zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi swavlis dros mRvdelmonazonma iliam

sakvalifikacio Temad àTonis iverTa monastris istoria~ airCia. rusul da

berZnulenovani masalebis moZiebisa da damuSavebis Semdeg igi Sexvda zagorskis

akademiis reqtors dekanoz k. ruJikcis da qarTulenovani literaturis

srulad Seswavlis mizniT ramdenime TviT wamosuliyo saqarTveloSi dabrunebis

nebarTva sTxova. mRvdelmonazonma iliam ramdenime Tve imuSava Tbilisis

biblioTekebSi da rCevebic miiRo qarTveli mecnierebisagan.

1960 wlis ivnisSi zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi Sedga misi sakvalifikacio

naSromis sajaro dacva. oficialurma oponentebma _ profesorebma n. muraviovma

da a. georgievskim _ maRali Sefaseba misces warmodgenil naSroms. moskovis

zagorskis sasuliero akademiis reqtorma sagangebo weriliT mimarTa moskovisa

da sruliad ruseTis patriarqs uwmides aleqsi I-s, raTa saukeTeso naSromisaTvis

daejildoebina RvTismetyvelebis kandidati, mRvdelmonazoni ilia.

10

patriarqi avtobiografiaSi aRiSnavs: `sasuliero akademiis samecniero

sabWom daadgina, me vyofiliyavi datovebuli akademiaSi profesorTa

stipendiatad, magram Cemi eris siyvarulma mimatovebina es yvelaferi da

momiyvana saqarTveloSi~. igi eaxla kaTolikos-patriarqs efrem II-s da aseTi

TxovniT mimarTa: `Tqveno uwmidesobav! gacnobebT, rom 1960 wels davamTavre

moskovis sasuliero akademia. gTxovT, momceT samsaxuri, gamgzavnoT iq, sadac

Tqven scnobT saWirod~. uwmidesma da unetaresma efrem II-m mRvdelmonazoni

ilia baTumis sakaTedro taZris mRvdelmsaxurad daadgina.

amave avtobiografiaSi vkiTxulobT: `1960 wlis 19 dekembers uwmidesisa

da unetaresi efrem II-is mier aRyvanil viyavi iRumenis xarisxSi, 1961 wlis

16 seqtembers _ arqimandritis pativSi~ 1963 wlis 23 agvistos sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis _ efrem II-is

TavmjdomareobiT Sedga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

wmida sinodis sxdoma, romelmac baTumis wmida nikolozis sakaTedro taZris

winamZRvris moadgile, arqimandriti ilia Semoqmedel episkoposad gamoarCia.

axali episkoposis xeldasxma Sesrulda kviras, 25 agvistos, sveticxovlis

sapatriarqo taZarSi. arqimandrit ilias episkoposad kurTxevas eswrebodnen:

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II,

urbneli mitropoliti daviTi (devdariani), quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti

naomi (SavianiZe), cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi leonide (Jvania), stefanavaneli

episkoposi zinobi (maJuga).

mravalmxriv sayuradReboa sityva, romelic arqimandritma iliam

Semoqmedel episkoposad kurTxevis Jams warmoTqva: `Tqveno uwmidesobav!

Tqveno maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobav, Tqveno yovladusamRvdeloesobav,

RvTivgangrZnobilno mwyemsmTavarno da moZRvarno! nebiTa RmrTisaTa

da brZanebiTa Tqvenisa uwmidesobis da unetaresobis kaTolikosisTanai

samRvdelo sinodis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa, mowodebul var

mRvdelmTavrobis madlis misaRebad samsaxurisaTvis. CemTvis friad Znelia,

gamovTqva Sinagani sulieri gancdani da mRelvarebani, romliTac var axla

garemoculi, am CemTvis metad saRmrTo da saidumlo Jams. vgrZnob SiSsa da

Zrwolas, magram, amave dros, sulier sixaruls da imeds, SiSsa da Zrwolas

ganvicdi, radgan ar vgrZnob Tavs saamisod momzadebulad. ukeTu xanSi Sesuli

xvavbaraqiani didi pavle mociquli ityvis: `viqadi mxolod uZlurebiTa

CemiTao~. me arRara meTqmis am siWabukis wlebSi, romel welTa simcires ar

moucia CemTvis saamiso gamocdileba, magram mZime gancdebis dros manugeSebs

da mamxnevebs is madli RvTisa, romelic unda gardamovides Cems uZlurebas

zeda Tqveni saRmrTo marjvenis xeldasxmiT. me mwams, rom is, romelic aris

dasabami da dasasruli yovlisa arsisa, is, romelic gardamoxda zeciT dacemuli

kacis aRsadgenad, SemaZlebinebs keTilad warvmarTo es didi samsaxuri. Tu

11

TaviT TvisiT kacs ver ZaluZs miRebad am pativisa, mieniWeba mxolod RvTis

mier mowodebul (ebr. 5,4)... RmerTi Seeweva da gauwevs mfarvelobas im kacs,

romelic Rrmad morwmunea da guli gamTbari aqvs RvTisa da kacis siyvaruliT.

RmerTi mianiWebs sibrZnes da gulisxmayofasa mas, romelsac aqvs SiSi RvTisa.

amisTana kaczed ityvis brZeni solomoni: `dasabami sibrZnisa SiSi RvTisa ars~,

xolo mRvdelmTavars mudam sWirdeba sibrZne RvTiuri, gonebiT iyves brZeni da

maRali, xolo cxovrebiT _ ubralo da mdabali. iyves erTguli daraji qristes

eklesiisa, iyves Semosili ubiwo cxovrebiT, viTarca brZanebs mociquli pavle.

sityvisamebr brZeni solomonisa, `romelic vals ubiwod, igi vals uSiSrad~.

vxedav ra yovelive amaSi Seuryevels nebas RvTisa, Tavmdablad movixri

suliersa da xorciels qedsa Cemsa Tqvens winaSe.

mamamTavarTa mamamTavaro! wmida yovladsamRvdelono da mamano da

esreT vqadageb: gmadlobT, morCil var brZanebisa Tqvenisa da araras mciresa

winaaRmdgomsa vityvi. gevedrebiT, Tqveno uwmidesobav da yovladsamRvdelono,

odes damdebT cxovelmyofeli sulis momniWebelTa xelTa TqvenTa, mrCobil

aRvavlendeT winaSe RvTisa locvaTa TqvenTa, raTa gardamosulman sulman

wmidaman aRavsos yovelive naklovanebani Cemni, raTa viqmne saxed morwmuneTa

sityviT svliT, siyvaruliT, siwmidiT, raTa Jams meored mosvlisasa mokrZalebiT

garna kadnierebiT warvsdge winaSe marTalsa msajulisa gancxadebad: ̀ aha esera,

me da yrmani, romelni momcna me RmerTman~. (ebr. 2.13). amin.

episkoposi ilia dainiSna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

qorepiskoposad. 1963 wlidan masve daevala mcxeTis samoZRvro kursebis

xelmZRvaneloba. axladdadgenilma mRvdelmTavarma imTaviTve daiwyo niadagis

momzadeba mcxeTis samoZRvro kursebis sasuliero seminariad gadakeTebisaTvis.

akademiaSi miRebulma mravalmxrivma ganaTlebam mas saSualeba misca, sworad

da gonivrulad waremarTa saswavlo procesi. Semoqmedelma episkoposma da

saswavleblis direqtorma seminariaSi samuSaod miiwvia cnobili mecnierebi;

Seadgines saswavlo programebi, saleqcio konspeqtebi, sistematurad tardeboda

pedagogiuri sabWos sxdomebi. saswavleblis direqtori yvela mniSvnelovan

RonisZiebas uwmidessa da unetaress efrem II-s uTanxmebda. ̀ Tqveno uwmidesobav,

gvakurTxeT, zeg saSobaoT studentebs vuSvebT ardadegebze. xval, 12 saaTze,

vfiqrob pedsabWos mowvevas. CvenTvis metad sasiamovno da sasargeblo iqneba,

Tu CamobrZandebiT da daeswrebiT. episkoposi ilia~.

uwmidesi efrem II pedagogiuri sabWos yvela sxdomas eswreboda. mcxeTis

sasuliero seminaria Semoqmedeli episkoposis meufe ilias Tavdadebuli SromiT

maRali donis saswavleblad iqca. man moaxerxa saswavleblis winaSe arsebuli

uamravi problemis daZleva. mcxeTis sasuliero seminariis avtoritetze

metyvelebda is faqti, rom aqaur kursdamTavrebulebs ugamocdod iRebdnen

zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi. episkoposi ilia, SemdegSi uwmidesi da

12

unetaresi ilia II, yovelTvis pativiscemiT ixsenebda zagorskis akademias,

akademia ki amayobda Tavisi kursdamTavrebuliT. 1978 wlis 16 Tebervals

zagorskis sasuliero akademiis samecniero sabWom igi Tavis sapatio wevrad

airCia. dRemde, moskovSi vizitisas patriarqi madlierebis niSnad aucileblad

stumrobs xolme zagorskis akademias.

1963-1967 wlebSi episkoposi ilia moRvaweobda Semoqmedis eparqiaSi,

xolo 1967 wlis 1 seqtembridan sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,

uwmidesisa da unetaresi efrem II-is locva-kurTxeviT, igi cxum-afxazeTis

eparqiis mmarTvelad dadginda.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi cxum-afxazeTis

eparqia erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli eparqia iyo. XIX saukuneSi, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg, ruseTis

saimperatoro xelisufleba cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ruseTis eklesiuri

interesebis ganmtkicebas gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda. eparqiidan

qarTveli sasuliero pirebis gamoZeveba da maTi rusebiT Canacvlebis procesi

daiwyo. XX saukunis dasawyisSi, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis gaaqtiurebis fonze, ruseTis

xelisuflebam scada soxumis eparqiis saqarTvelos saegzarqosodan gamoyofa,

magram afxazeTis qarTvelobis winaaRmdegobis gamo es ver moaxerxa. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg cxum-

afxazeTis eparqiis rusulma samrevloebma, ruseTis eklesiis xelSewyobiT,

uari ganacxades, damorCilebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis iurisdiqcias, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mier daniSnul

cxum-afxazeTis qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs. viTareba kidev ufro garTulda XX

saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi, rodesac adgilobrivi separatistuli tendenciebis

mqone partiuli xelmZRvaneloba, qveyanaSi arsebuli saerTo antireligiuri

brZolis fonze, qarTvel sasuliero pirebs, eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebs kidev

ufro aviwroebda. 1937 wels daapatimres da gadaasaxles cxum-afxazeTis

mitropoliti varlam maxaraZe (igi 1944 wels gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvala).

viTareba SedarebiT gamosworda 1943 wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruseTis

eklesiam oficialurad aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia. cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis rusulenovani

samRvdeloeba iZulebuli gaxda, Serigeboda Seqmnil viTarebas.

1938-1952 wlebSi cxum-afxazeTis eparqias ganagebda mitropoliti antoni

(gigineiSvili), 1957-1964 wlebSi ki _ episkoposi leonide (Jvania). am dros epar-

qiaSi moqmedi iyo 7 eklesia. soxumis wmida nikolozis, Tavisuflebis, sasaflaos

eklesia, iloris wmida giorgis, lixnis, uspenskis, gagris samlocvelo saxli.

RvTismsaxurTa umravlesoba araqarTveli iyo. wirva-locva rusul enaze

sruldeboda. mdgomareoba arc 1965-1967 wlebSi Secvlila, rodesac eparqias

13

mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili) ganagebda. aseTi eparqia Caibara 1967

wels episkoposma iliam. afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis religiis saqmeTa

rwmunebuli yvelanairad aviwroebda sasuliero pirebs, morwmune mrevls.

erT-erT saidumlo werilSi, romelic man sabWoTa kavSiris religiis saqmeTa

komitetis Tavmjdomaris saxelze gagzavna, igi werda, rom aucilebeli iyo

sofel kamanSi meRoreobis an mefrinveleobis fermis aSeneba. àmiT dakavdeba

is farTobi, romelsac wminda adgilad cnoben da, amave dros, adgili aRar

eqneba morwmuneTa masobriv Sesvlas wyalSi gansakurneblad~.

cxum-afxazeTis episkoposma iliam moaxerxa mrevlis Semokreba. Tu mis

mRvdelmTavrobamde mxolod 2 qarTveli sasuliero piri moRvaweobda eparqiaSi,

1977 wels ukve Tormeti iyo. aq Cans episkopos ilias SorsmWvreteluri mizani:

afxazi separatistebi aseT viTarebaSi cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi sakuTari

miznebis ganxorcielebas ver moaxerxebdnen.

1969 wlis 17 maiss uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqma efrem II-m episkoposi ilia mitropolitis xarisxSi

aiyvana. 1972 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe didi damsaxurebisaTvis man

miiRo meore panaRiis tarebis, xolo 1975 wels _ skufiaze briliantis jvris

tarebis ufleba.

samwuxarod, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi iyvnen

iseTi adamianebi, yvela saSualebas rom iyenebdnen mitropolit iliasaTvis

xelis SesaSlelad. 1972 wlis 26 maiss igi iZulebuli gaxda, piradi gancxadebis

safuZvelze daetovebina mcxeTis sasuliero seminariis reqtoris Tanamdeboba.

mitropoliti ilia gulaxdilad werda reqtorobidan wasvlis mizezebze.

`rogorc mogexsenebaT, _ mimarTavda mitropoliti ilia wmida sinods, _ 1963

wlidan misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis efrem II-is didi SromiTa da mecadineobiT, mcxeTaSi gaixsna sasuliero

seminaria, romlis xelmZRvanelad viyavi daniSnuli. es iyo axali didi saqme,

romelsac sWirdeboda didi energia da gamocdileba. arc me da arc maswavleblebi

ar viSurebdiT Zalas seminariis gaZlierebisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis. am wlebis

ganmavlobaSi Cven SevxvdiT bevr winaaRmdegobasa da siZneles. miuxedavad amisa,

Cven SevZeliT saswavlebeli myar niadagze dagveyenebina. ar uarvyof imas, rom

seminariis kursdamTavrebulTagan yvelam ver gaamarTla Cveni imedebi da ver

gamoiCina moZRvris maRali Tvisebebi... miuxedavad zogierTi arasasurveli

faqtisa, Cven vxedavT, rom kursdamTavrebulTa umetesi nawili Tavdadebulad

emsaxureba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis taZrebs.

gulistkiviliT unda mogaxsenoT, rom am cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi, daxmarebis

nacvlad mesmoda mxolod kritika~. damafiqrebeli iyo yovelive es.

viTareba kidev ufro garTulda 1976-1977 wlebSi. am dros saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi iyvnen:

14

TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi (maJuga), cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti

ilia (SiolaSvili), baTum-Semoqmedeli mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili),

wilkneli mitropoliti gaiozi (keratiSvili), mangleli episkoposi giorgi

(RonRaZe), alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli (cercvaZe), bodbeli episkoposi

ilarioni (samxaraZe). qirotoniis wesis mixedviT, qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa

Soris upiratesi iyo cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia, romelic iTvleboda

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred, magram 1977 wlis 10

seqtembers mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,

uwmidesisa da unetaresi daviT V-is mdivanma g. mSvidobaZem aseTi Sinaarsis

weri li gaugzavna: `mis maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit ilias.

gacnobebT, rom kaTolikos-patriarqis, daviT V-is brZanebiT, mis maRal-

yovladusamRvdeloesobas, mitropolit romanozs, mieca pirveli adgili

mitropolitTa Soris~. friad damafiqrebeli iyo es werili, igi momavalSi

saqarTvelos eklesiaSi seriozuli gaugebrobis safuZveli gaxda.

15

Tavi II. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis me-12 saeklesio kreba, mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeva da aRsaydreba

xangrZlivi, mZime avadmyofobis Semdeg 1977 wlis 9 noembers, dilis

9 saaTze, gardaicvala sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,

mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, uwmidesi da unetaresi daviT V

(devdariani).

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesiis

tradiciis Tanaxmad, romelic asaxuli iyo 1945 wels damtkicebul saqarTvelos

eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebaSi, kaTolikos-patriarqis mZime avadmyofobis

an gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi wmida sinodis yvela wevri ikribeba sapatriarqo

rezidenciaSi da kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivnis TandaswrebiT xsnis specialur

seifs, romelSic inaxeba gansvenebuli kaTolikos-patriarqis werilobiTi

gankarguleba kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris (movaleobis Semsruleblis)

Taobaze. 9 noembers, dilis 10.00 saaTidan 19.00 saaTamde, wmida sinodis wevrebi:

cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia, TeTrwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi,

wilkneli mitropoliti gaiozi, alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli, mangleli

episkoposi giorgi, bodbeli episkoposi ilarioni _ elodnen baTum-Semoqmedel

da Wyondidel mitropolit romanozs, magram igi TbilisSi ar Camovida.

sinodis wevrTa umravlesobis gadawyvetilebiT wmida sinodi muSaobas

Seudga. rogorc gairkva, ar arsebobda uwmidesisa da unetaresis daviT V-is

werilobiTi gankarguleba kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris vinaobis Sesaxeb.

1945 wels damtkicebuli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis Tanaxmad,

aseT SemTxvevaSi kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred qirotoniiT uxucesi

mRvdelmTavari cxaddeba, romelsac wmida sinodi amtkicebs. TiTqmis yvelaferi

garkveuli iyo. sinodis sxdomis Tavmjdomared cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti

ilia airCies, mdivnad _ bodbeli episkoposi ilarioni.

damtkicda wmida sinodis muSaobis dRis wesrigi: 1. sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris arCeva; 2. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis uwmidesisa da unetaresis _ daviT V-is dakrZalvasTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebi. wmida sinodis sxdomaze TeTriwyaroelma mitropolitma zinobma,

manglelma episkoposma giorgim, alaverdelma episkoposma grigolma mxari

dauWires cxum--afxazeTis mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis mosaydred arCevas. wilknelma mitropolitma gaiozma ar dauWira

mxari am kandidaturas da kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred baTum-Semoqmedeli

da Wyondideli mitropoliti romanozi daasaxela. xmaTa umravlesobiT cxum-

16

afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

mosaydred dadginda.

sinodma ganaCina: 1. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesi

da unetaresi daviT V-is damkrZalavi komisiis Tavmjdomared dainiSnos sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre, mitropoliti ilia; 2. uwmidesi

da unetaresi daviT V daikrZalos sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi 1977 wlis 15

noembers; 3. wmida sinodis sxdomis gadawyvetilebani oficialurad ecnobos

msoflios marTlmadidebel da aramarTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebs,

saero xelisuflebas.

wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebani miuRebeli aRmoCnda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis zogierTi maRali ierarqisaTvis,

romelTac wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebaTa gadasinjva scades. Seqmnili rTuli

viTarebis sruli suraTi kargadaa asaxuli saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis 1977 wlis 12 noembris sagangebo sxdomis

mier miRebul gancxadebaSi: `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri

samociqulo eklesia Tavis marTva-gamgeobaSi xelmZRvanelobs debulebiT,

romelic miRebuli iyo 1945 wlis 28 marts da romlis Secvla Sedis mxolod

saeklesio krebis kompentenciaSi. 1977 wlis 9 noembers gardaicvala sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi daviT V. gardacvalebis

win igi mZimed avadmyofobda ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi. am dros TbilisSi

imyofeboda yvela mRvdelmTavari, garda baTum-Semoqmedeli da Wyondideli

mitropolitis _ romanozisa da alaverdeli episkoposis _ grigolisa. 8

noembers, dRis 15 saaTze, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivanma

grigol mSvidobaZem maT daugzavna depeSebi, romliTac atyobinebda patriarqis

avadmyofobas da sTxovda, saswrafod Camosuliyvnen TbilisSi.

9 noembers, dilis 9 saaTze, kaTolikos-patriarqi daviT V gardaicvala.

10 saaTze CamobrZanda alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli. rogorc saeklesio

marTva-gamgeobis debulebis 21-e paragrafis me-2 SeniSvnaSia miTiTebuli,

kaTolikos-patriarqis gardacvalebis an mZime avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi,

saeklesio marTva-gamgeobisaTvis mis adgils iWers is mRvdelmTavari,

romlis Sesaxebac kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivanTan inaxeba misi uwmidesobisa

da unetaresobis werilobiTi gankarguleba, magram aseTi gankarguleba ar

aRmoCnda da saWiro Seiqmna, saswrafod mowveuliyo wmida sinodis sxdoma. 9

noembers, mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi, sinodi elodeboda baTum-Semoqmedeli

da Wyondideli mitropolitis romanozis CamobrZanebas, magram, radgan igi ar

CamobrZanebula da arc raime cnoba mosula misgan, saRamos 19 saaTze, wmida

sinodis wevrTa umravlesobis gadawyvetilebiT, Sedga sinodis oficialuri

sxdoma, romelsac unda aerCia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

mosaydre da gadaewyvita uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

17

kaTolikos-patriarqis _ daviT V-is dakrZalvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

sinodis sxdomaze erTxmad iqnen arCeuli: sxdomis Tavmjdomared cxum-

afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia, mdivnad _ bodbeli episkoposi ilarioni. rodesac

sinodis sxdomaze daisva sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris

arCevis sakiTxi, kandidatad dasaxelebuli iyo cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti

ilia, romelsac mxolod wilknelma mitropolitma gaiozma ar dauWira mxari

da wamoayena baTum-Semoqmedeli da Wyondideli mitropolitis _ romanozis

kandidatura. rac Seexeba danarCen mRvdelmTavrebs, maT erTxmad dauWires mxari

mitropolit ilias. episkopos ilarions surda Tavi Seekavebina xmis micemisagan,

magram radgan amis ufleba ara hqonda saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis debulebis me-

16 muxlis Tanaxmad, amitom xma misca mitropolit ilias.

9 noembers Catarebuli wmida sinodis sxdoma iyo kanonieri, saeklesio

marTva-gamgeobis debulebis me-15 muxlis dacviT, sadac naTqvamia: `sinodis

sxdoma kanonieria, Tu mas daeswreba Tavmjdomare da mowveul wevrTa

naxevari~, xolo sxdomas eswreboda ara Tu naxevari, aramed yvela wevri,

garda erTisa (mitropolit romanozisa). amitom mitropolit romanozis,

mitropolit gaiozisa da episkopos ilarionis gancxadeba, romelSic isini

amtkiceben, TiTqosda TviTneburad iyo mowveuli sinodis sxdoma, romelzec

cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma iliam Tavi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis mosaydred gamoacxada, usafuZvloa. wmida sinodis sxdoma kanonier

safuZvelze Catarda da mitropolit ilias Tavi ki ar gamoucxadebia mosaydred,

aramed aseTi iyo sinodis wevrTa umravlesobis gadawyvetileba.

10 noembers TbilisSi Camosuli mitropoliti romanozi sapatriarqoSi

gamocxadda mogvianebiT da ganacxada, rom igi, rogorc uxucesi mRvdelmTavari

da Wyondideli mitropoliti, ierarqiuli pativiT yvela mRvdelmTavarze

maRla dgas da amis safuZvelze moiTxova

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris Tanamdeboba. rogorc saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis 23-e

muxlis me-2 SeniSvnaSia aRniSnuli, `mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul iqnebian

qirotoniis uxucesobis mixedviT~. es imas niSnavs, rom is sasuliero piri

iTvleba uxuces mRvdelmTavrad, romelic ufro adre iyo nakurTxi episkoposis

xarisxSi. mitropoliti ilia episkoposad nakurTxi iyo 1963 wlis 25 agvistos,

xolo mitropoliti romanozi _ 1965 wlis 21 Tebervals; mitropolitis xarisxi

ilias mieniWa 1969 wels, romanozs _ 1972 wels; rac Seexeba eparqiis, an asakis

(mitropoliti romanozi 1977 wels iyo 90 wlis _ s.v.) mixedviT uxucesobas, es

araa gaTvaliswinebuli marTva-gamgeobis debulebaSi.

wmida sinodi sinanuliT aRniSnavs mitropolit romanozis, mitropolit

gaiozis, episkopos ilarionis gancxadebis usafuZvlobas,

TiTqos mitropolit ilias mosaydreoba dauSvebelia imitom, rom igi

18

dabadebulia saqarTvelos sazRvrebis iqiT, Crdilo oseTis avtonomiuri

respublikis q. orjonikiZeSi. jer erTi, saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis debulebis

mixedviT, am faqts ara aqvs araviTari mniSvneloba da, meorec, mitropoliti

ilia da misi mSoblebi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

wevrebi iyvnen mudam, radgan orjonikiZeSi arsebobda qarTuli eklesia,

romelic eqvemdebareboda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos da Tavad mitropoliti

ilia monaTlulia am eklesiaSi arqimandrit tarasi kandelakis mier, romelic

SemdegSi gaxda wilkneli episkoposi da dakrZalulia sveticxovlis galavanSi.

mitropolitma romanozma, mitropolitma gaiozma da episkoposma ilarioma

agreTve ganacxades, rom maT SeuZliaT akurTxon axali episkoposebi, daugzavnon

depeSebi msoflio saeklesio centrebs imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqos Catarebuli

sinodis sxdoma iyo arakanonieri da mosaydrec arCeuli iyo ukanonod.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodi Tvlis,

rom maTi aseTi antieklesiuri da kanonTa sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba did zians

ayenebs saeklesio cxovrebis normalur mimdinareobas~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis Sida daZabuloba

igrZnoboda kaTolikos-patriarqis daviT V-is dakrZalvis dResac (1977

wlis 15 noembers) sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi, sadac wiravda sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre, cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti

ilia. Tanamwirvelni iyvnen smolenskisa da kaliningradis mitropoliti aleqsi

(ruseTis momavali patriarqi aleqsi II), qsanTiis mitropoliti antoniosi,

TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi, mangleli episkoposi giorgi, alaverdeli

episkoposi grigoli, zarais episkoposi iosi. wirvis dros aqve imyofeboda

yovelTa somexTa umaRlesi patriarq-kaTolikosi vazgen I.

wirvis dasrulebis Semdeg gansvenebul patriarqs sityviT mimarTa sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydrem, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma

iliam: `dRes Cven locviTa da cremliT vacilebT Cvens mamamTavars, romlis

ukvdavi suli moevlina im wiaRs, sadac ganisveneben Cveni didni kaTolikos-

patriarqni: kirioni, leonide, ambrosi, qristefore, kalistrate, melqisedeki

da efremi... mimdinare weliwadi misTvis iyo saiubileo _ mas Seusrulda

samRvdelo xarisxSi ayvanidan 50 weli. am xnis ganmavlobaSi mas ganucdia araerTi

sasixarulo dRe, RvTisagan moniWebuli, magram masTan erTad mas mravaljer

Seusvams simwrisa da mwuxarebis fiala. am did adamians dRes emSvidobeba

qarTveli eri, Cveni daoblebuli eklesia~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi daviT V dakrZales sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi...

1977 wlis 16 noembers, dRis 12 saaTze, daiwyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdoma, romelsac eswrebodnen: sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre, cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti

ilia (SiolaSvili), TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi (maJuga), baTum-

19

Semoqmedeli da Wyondideli mitropoliti romanozi (petriaSvili), wilkneli

mitropoliti gaiozi (keratiSvili), mangleli episkoposi giorgi (RonRaZe),

alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli (cercvaZe), bodbeli episkoposi ilarioni

(samxaraZe). sxdomas, sinodis wevrTa mowveviT, oqmis Sesadgenad eswreboda

kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivani grigol mSvidobaZe.

`dRis wesrigis ZiriTadi sakiTxi iyo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqad asarCev kandidatTa wardgena; manglelma episkoposma giorgim

daasaxela cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia. mas mxari dauWires alaverdelma

episkoposma grigolma, TeTriwyaroelma mitropolitma zinobma. mitropolitma

romanozma ar daasaxela kandidati da moiTxova, aerCiaT axali mosaydre.

mitropoliti gaiozi ar scnobda sinodis sxdomas kanonierad. episkoposma

ilarionma ar daasaxela patriarqobis kandidati.

mosaydre mitropolitma iliam Tanxmoba ganacxada sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqobis kandidatad mis dasaxelebaze~.

movlenebis ufro gamZafrebas gvamcnobs alaverdeli episkoposis grigolis

(cercvaZe) Canawerebi: `1977 wlis 17 noembers CemTan, eklesiaSi, movida ucnobi

axovani axalgazrda, gamomiZaxa, TqvenTan calke saubari msurso... wamoiwyo

saubari: sinodi, romelic guSin Sedga, mTavrobis mier gauqmebuliao, mTavrobas

ar surs cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqad arCevao... mas surda Cemi dayolieba, uari meTqva sinodis sxdomaze

Cems mier wamoyenebul kandidatze. me vupasuxe, rac sinodze gadawyda, imas xazi

ar gadaesmeva_ meTqi... bolos saubari imiT daamTavra, mokle xanSi mogivaT

depeSa imisaTvis, rom sinodis xelaxali sxdoma Sedgeso. me vupasuxe, rac vTqvi

imasve vityvi-Tqo. maincdamainc nasiamovnebi ar wasula~.

qarTveli sazogadoeba daZabuli adevnebda Tvalyurs saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi Seqmnil rTul viTarebas da

erTmniSvnelovnad uWerda mxars cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias.

yoveli axali dRe axali WorebiTa da miTqma-moTqmis gamZafrebiT

iwyeboda. am usiamovnebaTa kulminacia iyo 1977 wlis 18 dekemberi. rogorc

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivnis, grigol mSvidobaZis

mier sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris, mitropolit

iliasadmi gagzavnili Setyobinebidan irkveva: `18 dekembers, saRamos 19

saaTze, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos SenobaSi ZaliT SeWrila wmida sinodis

gadawyvetilebiT ukmayofilo gansxvavebuli poziciis sami mRvdelmTavari. maT

gautexiaT patriarqis kabinetis karebi, kancelariis oTaxSi gauRiaT mdivnis

saweri magida da seifi _ patriarqis kabinetSi, dauxeviaT saqmiani qaRaldebi,

maT Soris _ mosaydris arCevis oqmi, gamouyenebiaT sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis beWedi, usargebliaT qarTuli da rusuli sabeWdi man-

qaniT. rogorc darCenili Savi nawerebidan Cans, maT daugzavniaT provokaciuli

20

depeSebi mTavrobis warmomadgenlebisTvis, ruseTis sapatriarqoSi, somxeTis

eklesiaSi, daumtvreviaT patriarqis kabinetis gasaRebi da CausvamT axali~.

gagzavnil depeSebSi isini aRniSnavdnen, TiTqos cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti

ilia saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris Tanamdebobidan gadaayenes,

xolo me-12 saeklesio krebis Catarebis TariRi _ gadaitanes.

sazogadoebis, inteligenciis aqtiuri Carevis Semdeg kaTolikos-

patriarqis mosaydris, mitropolit ilias mowinaaRmdegeni iZulebulni

gaxdnen, ukan daexiaT. yvela Relavda, simSvides inarCunebda mitropoliti

ilia, romelmac xelmeored dagzavna Setyobinebebi marTlmadidebel

eklesiaTa meTaurebTan, saero xelisuflebaSi, imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis me-12 saeklesio kreba, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevnebi da axladarCeuli kaTolikos-

patriarqis aRsaydreba namdvilad gaimarTeboda 1977 wlis 23-25 dekembers.

daZabuli, uZilo Rameebis Semdeg, rogorc iqna, gaTenda 23 dekemberi.

TbilisSi stumrad Camovidnen: moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi,

uwmidesi pimeni, yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosi vazgen I, sazRvargareTis

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa delegaciebi. 23 dekembers, sionSi, me-12 saeklesio

krebis gaxsnamde, saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirveli

mdivnis e. SevardnaZis saxelze aseTi Sinaarsis depeSa gaigzavna: `29 noembers

xelisuflebis warmomadgenelma T. onofriSvilma oficialurad gamogvicxada

_ sapatriarqo taxtze mitropolit ilia SiolaSvilis kandidatura

oficialurad damtkicebulia da, Tu eklesiaSi samsaxuri gvinda, SevwyvitoT

masze saCivrebis wera, wmida sinodma mas unda davuWiroT mxario. sarwmuno

wyaroebidan SevityveT, rom Tqvengan araviTar amgvar gadawyvetilebas adgili

ar hqonia... sakiTxi seriozulia. gTxovT, saswrafod migviRoT wmida sinodis

gansxvavebulad moazrovne wevrebi, raTa piradad mogaxsenoT saqmis realuri

viTareba~.

imave dRes depeSebi gaigzavna saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos

prezidiumis Tavmjdomarisa da ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris saxelze,

romlebSic saubari iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

mravalsaukunovani samarTlebrivi normebis darRvevaze. imave dRis 15.00

saaTze baTum-Semoqmedeli da Wyondideli mitropolitis _ romanozis saxeliT

depeSa gaigzavna moskovSi, sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis centraluri

komitetis generalur mdivan leonid breJnevTan: `Zvirfaso leonid ilias Zev!

_werda mitropoliti romanozi, _ saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, daviT

V-is gardacvalebis Semdeg saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred

gamocxadda mitropoliti ilia (SiolaSvili). igi jer kidev 1972 wlidan

qarTveli disidentebis mxardamWeri da wamqezebelia. moviTxov, moixsnas misi

kandidatura~.

21

mitropoliti romanozi ukiduresad aralogikurad moqmedebda. 1977 wlis

16 noembris wmida sinodis sxdomaze igi acxadebda, rom mitropolit ilias

aRsaydrebis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

avtokefalias gauqmeba da ruseTis eklesiaze daqvemdebareba emuqreboda.

swored amitom iyo igi mzad, rom 90 wlis asakSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeloba etvirTa; xolo 23 dekembers l.

breJnevisadmi gagzavnil depeSaSi imave pirovnebas igi qarTveli disidentebis

wamqezeblad acxadebda.

aseTi rTuli viTarebis fonze 23 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi

daiwyo muSaoba me-12 saeklesio krebam, romelsac eswreboda 45 delegati. kreba

gaxsna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydrem, cxum-afxazeTis

mitropolitma iliam, romelmac aRniSna: `dRes am uZveles sapatriarqo taZarSi

Seikriba me-12 saeklesio kreba. ganvlo 45 dRem, rac RvTiv ganisvena uwmidesma

da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma daviT V-m, romelic

win uZRoda Cvens eklesias 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, dado didi Sroma da Rvawli, raTa

saTanado simaRleze yofiliyo Cveni eklesia. 40 dRe iglova Cvenma xalxma. dRes

me-12 saeklesio krebam unda airCios uZvelesi samociqulo eklesiis winamZRvari.

Cvens krebas pativi dasdo moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma, uwmidesma

pimenma, rogorc moZme eklesiis mamamTavarma, monawileoba miiRos Cvens zeimSi.

dRes Cven vdgevarT im uZveles eklesiaSi, sadac idgnen da mamamTavrobdnen didni

kaTolikos-patriarqni, uwmidesni da unetaresni: kirioni, leonide, ambrosi,

qristefore, melqisedeki, efremi, daviTi. Cveni mRvdelmTavrebi, samRvdeloeba,

morwmune eri mudam iqneba erTad, rom gadawyvitos is didi sakiTxebi, romlebic

Cveni eklesiis winaSe dgas. qristesmieri siyvaruliT mogesalmebiT da me-12

saeklesio krebas gaxsnilad vacxadeb~.

krebam daamtkica 4 komisiis Semadgenloba. alaverdelma episkoposma

grigolma kidev erTxel daadastura wmida sinodis gadawyvetileba, saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqad asarCev kandidatad dasaxelebuli iyo cxum-afxazeTis

mitropoliti ilia. krebis Tavmjdomarem, mitropolitma iliam, krebis

monawileebs mimarTa, rom, survilis SemTxvevaSi, maT Tavisuflad SeeZloT

CaeweraT sxva kandidatis saxeli darigebul biuletenze.

gaimarTa faruli kenWisyra. xmis damTvleli komisiis Tavmjdomarem,

arqimandritma ioane ananiaSvilma, gamoacxada, rom krebam kaTolikos-

patriarqis mosaydre mitropoliti ilia erTxmad airCia sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqad. krebaze Seadgines sagangebo sigeli, romelsac xels

awerdnen krebis monawileni.

`mis maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobas, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias!

wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa da madliTa da gangebiTa sulisa wmidisaTa,

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis damoukideblobis

22

aRniSvnidan me-12 adgilobrivma krebam, romelic Sedga 1977 wlis 23 dekembers

TbilisSi, sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi, SemadgenlobiTa saqarTvelos eklesiis

yovladsamRvdelo mRvdelmTavarTa, samRvdeloTa, samonazvno wesTa da

eriskacTa, moZme marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa warmomadgenelTa, mRvdelmTavarTa,

samRvdeloTa dasTa TandaswrebiT aRirCia Tqveni siwmide sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposad~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurs ewoda uwmidesi

da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis

mTavarepiskoposi ilia II.

me-12 saeklesio krebis gadawyvetileba imave dRes gaxda cnobili sruliad

saqarTvelosaTvis. yvelas surda exila axalgazrda, mravalmxriv ganswavluli

mwyemsmTavari, romelic eklesiis winaSe arsebul problemaTa mogvarebas

SeZlebda da saqarTvelos uZveles samociqulo eklesias istoriul misias

daubrunebda.

25 dekembers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZrisaken zRva xalxi daiZra.

aseTi xalxmravloba mcxeTaSi 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts avtokefaliis aRdgenis

Semdeg aRar yofila. oficialuri xelisufleba, wesrigis dacvis sababiT,

Seecada specialuri saSvebis mqone pirTa garda taZarSi aravin SeeSva, magram

xalxis talRam gaarRvia milicielTa kordoni da taZarSi Sevida.

xalxis xmauri miwynarda. sveticxovlis zarebi uwmidesisa da unataresis,

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is mobrZanebas iuwyeboda.

masTan erTad mobrZandnen: TeTriwyaroeli mitropoliti zinobi, wilkneli

mitropoliti gaiozi, mangleli episkoposi giorgi, alaverdeli episkoposi

grigoli; stumrebi: moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi, uwmidesi

pimeni, yovelTa somexTa umaRlesi patriarq-kaTolikosi vazgen I, qarTuli

inteligenciis, mecnierebis, kulturis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi, umaRlesi

saswavleblebis studentebi, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis lide-

rebi. daiwyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis 141-e

meTauris sazeimo kurTxeva. qarTveli patriarqebis jvar-panaRiebi, sapatriarqo

gvirgvini da kunkul-bartyula uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-s miarTves

manglelma episkoposma giorgim da alaverdelma episkoposma grigolma.

axladarCeul patriarqs sityviT mimarTes moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis

patriarqma, uwmidesma pimenma da yovelTa somexTa patriarq-kaTolikosma vazgen

I-ma. Uuwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma

ilia II-m Tavisi gamosvla am sityvebiT daiwyo: `saocrebamde usazRvroa gangeba

RvTisa. arc mis mowyalebas aqvs sazRvari. WeSmaritad, am gangebam da mowyalebam

daayena Tqvens winaSe Cemi simdable, rogorc saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

mamamTavrisa. me Segnebuli maqvs is umZimesi da, amave dros, sapatio movaleoba,

romelic dRes RvTis am wmida taZris TaRebqveS damakisra maRalma RmerTma.

23

muxls viyri am pativisaTvis misi Zlierebis winaSe da Tayvans vcem maradiuli

naTliT mosil xsenebas misas. Tavs vxri saqarTvelos eklesiisa da misi mrevlis

_ qarTveli xalxis winaSe, romelsac sasoebiT unda emsaxuros Cemi Zali da

goneba im sarwmunoebiT, romeli sarwmunoebis dacvisa da SenarCunebisaTvis zRva

sisxli gaiRo ricxviT mcire Cvenma xalxma.. Cveni eklesiis momavali saqmianobis

mTavari sakiTxi unda iyos qarTvel xalxSi sasoebisa da utexi nebis ganmtkiceba.

Cvens xalxs mudam moepoveboda energia sasoebisa da winsvlisaTvis da es energia

axlac Warbad aqvs mas; gamovlindes da sikeTes moxmardes es energia, _ ai Cveni

mizani... Cvens erSi marTlmadidebeli qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmtkiceba,

rogorc yovelTvis, axlac iqneba Cveni eklesiis saqmianobis mTavari sazrunavi...

imisaTvis, rom RvTiuri gziT warvmarToT Cveni momavali saqmianoba, gvWirdeba

Sinagani mTlianoba~.

uwmidesma da unetaresma jvari gardasaxa sveticxovelSi Sekrebil aTasobiT

adamians da stumrebTan erTad eklesiidan gavida. sveticxovelSi Sekrebili

xalxi ar iSleboda. yvela grZnobda, rom istoriuli movlenis monawile

gaxda. aTeisturi komunisturi xelisuflebisagan devnili, Seviwroebuli da

sazogadoebisgan CamoSorebuli saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

avtokefaliuri eklesia Tavisi istoriuli rolis aRdgenisaTvis emzadeboda. es

_ momavalSi, magram pirveli dReebisa da Tveebis sirTules yvela acnobierebda.

sazeimo dReebma gadafara gansacdeliT savse ormocdaxuTdRiani periodi,

Tumca bevri safiqralic gaCnda: vis SeeZlo gadaeWra sveticxovlis sapatriarqo

taZris mTavari WaRis jaWvi, romlis Camovardnas _ mavanTa ganzraxviT _ 25

dekembers tragedia unda mohyoloda? ramdeni xiluli da uxilavi mteri iyo

Casafrebuli axalgazrda patriarqis winaaRmdeg?

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias finansuradac Zalian uWirda.

yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma am sityvebiT mimarTa uwmidessa da

unetaress ilia II-s: ̀ Tqven rom giyurebT, maxsendeba Cemi patriarqobis pirveli

wlebi... Caiara sazeimo dReebma da mkacri realoba mZime aRmoCnda. Tvis bolos

imis saxsaric ki ar gvqonda, rom mgaloblebisaTvis mcire xelfasi migveca,

magram, RvTis SewevniT, gadavlaxeT yvela problema... es ambavi SemTxveviT ar

gamixsenebia, darwmunebuli var, axalgazrda patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi

ilia II yvela problemas Tavs gaarTmevs da saqarTvelos eklesiis saqmianobas

met siTamames SesZens~.

25 dekembers uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqma ilia II-m saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

saxeliT gamarTa sazeimo miReba, romelsac eswrebodnen saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi, samRvdeloeba,

mowveuli stumrebi. qarTveli inteligenciis saxeliT uwmidessa da unetares

ilia II-s sityvebiT mimarTes profesorebma: aleqsandre aleqsiZem, gaioz

24

imedaSvilma, poetma ioseb noneSvilma. `Tqven Tqveni morwmunebrivi siwmidiT,

_ aRniSna prof. g. imedaSvilma, _ saTno cxovrebiT, codniTa da eklesiisadmi

uangaro, Tavdadebuli moRvaweobiT didi xnis winaTve gqondaT mopovebuli

xalxis siyvaruli da pativiscema. amitom iyo, rom wilad gxvdaT eklesiisa da

xalxis siyvaruli da pativiscema... eklesiisa da xalxis neba-survilis srul

TanxmobaSi erTsulovnad agirCies daoblebuli qarTuli eklesiis mamamTavrad...

dRes yoveli fenis, ganaTlebisa da profesiis qarTveloba Tqveni uwmidesobisa

da unetaresobisadmi nugeSiT mondobili sasoebs, rom odesme didebuli eklesia

kvlav Cadges eris samsaxurSi~.

yvela gamomsvlelis natvra iyo, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia kvlav

gaZlierebuli exila.

patriarqma sazeimo miRebaze mosul sazogadoebas mimarTa mokle

saprogramo sityviT, romelSic Camoayaliba is amocanebi, romlebic unda

gadaewyvita saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias: `Cven yvela aseT saqmeSi RvTis

nebas vxedavT, mis mowyalebas, misi marjvenis Zlierebas, samarTals misas, mis

naTliT mosil siyvaruls imaT mimarT, visac Cahbera man sicocxle Tavisi wmida

sulis micemiT. RvTaebis am warmoudgenlad mravalmxrivma didma sikeTem misgan

boZebuli Zlierebis kverTxiT damayena Cemi sayvareli qarTveli xalxis winaSe,

rogorc msaxuri am xalxisa da aRmasrulebeli yovlad maRali nebisa xalxis

sulieri cxovrebis amaRlebaSi. me tvirTis zidva damakisra misma gasaocarma

mowyalebam, mokvdavi gonebisaTvis warmoudgenelma Zlierebam momca Zala da

sasoeba, rom zeimiT vzido es tvirTi, rogori mZimec ar unda iyos is... Cveni

eklesiis saqmianoba ar unda warmovidginoT, rogorc raRac mxolod morwmune

xalxTan karCaketiloba. Cven yvelaferi unda gvwamdes progresuli sawyisebiT,

amisaTvis Cveni eklesiac unda idges mTel xalxTan erTad, romeli xalxic sikeTesa

da aRmavlobas emsaxureba... unda gvaxsovdes, rom Cven im qveynis Svilebi varT,

sadac daflulia uflis kvarTi, im qveyanaSi dabadebulni da aRzrdilni, romeli

qveyanac wilad xvda yovladwmida RvTismSobels, im winaparTa STamomavalni varT,

romelTac qristianoba uqadages andria pirvelwodebulma da svimon kananelma...

aseTi warsuli gvavalebs, rom mudam vizrunoT Cveni eklesiis siwmindis

amaRlebisaTvis. ra Tqma unda, ioli rodia RvTisa da eris winaSe valis moxda,

magram gana SeiZleba raime tvirTis simZimeze fiqri maSin, rodesac viciT, es

tvirTi RvTisgan miviReT? am tvirTTan erTad mogvca sasoeba gangebam. yoveli

taxti patriarqisa unda emsaxuros RmerTis didebis saqmes. vidre vicocxleb,

Cems Tvalwin iqneba is TvaliT uxilavi, magram realuri taxti, romelzec damsva

uflis Zlierma marjvenam. Cems gulzed weria is valdebulebani, romlebic

misma mowyalebam damakisra da bedniers mxdis imaze fiqri, rom yovlad maRali

mowyalebiT da qristes moZRvrebis moyvaruli qarTveli xalxis TanadgomiT,

yvelafers gavakeTebT, rac maRali RmerTis madlma da Zalam damakisra~.

25

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis 141-e meTauris

arCevas gamoexmaura marTlmadidebeli da aramarTlmadidebeli eklesiebis

sainformacio saSualebani. qristianuli msoflio kargad icnobda ilia II-s,

romelic 1963 wlidan, rogorc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare, monawileobda marTlmadidebel

da aramarTlmadidebel eklesiaTa samSvidobo forumebSi. mas piradi guliTadi

urTierTobebi akavSirebda konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis,

ierusalimis, ruseTis, eladis, serbeTis da sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa

meTaurebTan.

Caiara sazeimo dReebma. dadga 1978 weli. sionis sapatriarqo taZari,

romelic mxolod did saeklesio dResaswaulebze ZiriTadad xandazmuli

adamianebiT ivseboda, amjerad ukve yoveli kviris orSabaTs, samSabaTs, SabaTsa

da kviras axalgazrdebiT, inteligenciis warmomadgenlebiT iyo savse. es

xalxi usityvo protests ucxadebda komunistur ideologias da sarwmunoebaSi

cdilobda sulieri Svebis mopovebas. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II maTTvis

gasagebi eniT esaubreboda mrevls marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis sidiadeze.

adamianebi, romlebic erTxel mainc movidodnen taZarSi, aq rCebodnen da

mrevlad iqceodnen... rogori mSvidi, bednieri da kmayofili iyo TiToeuli

maTgani _ uwmidesisa da unetaresis siTboTi da siyvaruliT aRtacebuli.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi axali era

iwyeboda. 1995 wels ilia II-m ase gaixsena patriarqobis pirveli rTuli, magram

saintereso wlebi: `dRes me mxolod Cveni eklesiis cxovrebis zogierT aspeqts

Sevexebi, gavixseneb, ra urTierToba iyo eklesiasa da inteligencias Soris,

romelic TiTqmis iseTive zewolas ganicdida da iseve idevneboda, rogorc

sasuliero pirni. miuxedavad amisa, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cvenma inteligenciam

qarTveli kacis suli gadaarCina. amitom Cveni mizani iyo mWidro kavSiri eklesiasa

da inteligencias Soris. saxelmwifo cdilobda, ar momxdariyo es daaxloeba.

inteligencias hqonda sulierebisaken swrafva, magram gamocdileba aklda.

maxsovs, sapatriarqoSi Cveni gamoCenili istorikosebi moviwvieT saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoriis akademiuri gamocemis mosamzadeblad, davamuSaveT gegma da

gavanawileT Temebi, magram, rodesac damuSavebuli nawilebi warmomidgines,

mivxvdi, rom maTi gamocema ar SeiZleboda, radgan es araeklesiuri adamianebis

mier dawerili istoria iyo... miuxedavad amisa, swrafva daaxloebisaken ar

SeCerebula. sapatriarqoSi grZeldeboda Sexvedrebi mecnierebTan. xSirad

sakiTxebi, romelTac Cven am Sexvedrebze ganvixilavdiT, imdenad saintereso

iyo, rom universitetis profesor-maswavleblebi maT Sesaxeb studentebs

leqciebze uyvebodnen... Cvenma mecnierebma didi misioneruli Rvawli gaswies

da me madlobeli var maTi mZime mdgomareobaSi gamoCenili TanadgomisaTvis~.

26

Tavi III. pirveli siZneleebi, problemebi da maTi gadaWris gzebis Zieba

saqarTvelo XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi sabWoTa kavSiris erT-erTi

mokavSire respublika iyo. mkacrad centralizebuli mmarTvelobis

sistemiT. adgilobrivi marionetuli xelisufleba _ saqarTvelos

kompartiis centra luri komitetis, saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWosa

da saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWos saxiT _ moskovTan SeuTanxmeblad

vercerTi sakiTxis gadawyvetas ver axerxebda. qveyana aSenebda e.w.

`ganviTarebul socializms~. gabatonebuli ideologia iyo marqsizm-

leninizmi. sazeimo msvlelobebi imarTeboda 1 maiss, mSromelTa

solidarobis dRes, da 7 noembers, ruseTis xelisuflebaSi bolSevikebis

mosvlis ̀ istoriuli~ dRis aRsaniSnavad. sazeimod aRiniSneboda faSistur

germaniaze gamarjvebis dRe, 9 maisi, da sabWoTa kavSiris konstituciis

miRebis dRe, 5 dekemberi.

is adamianebi, romelTac axsovdaT 1918-1921 wlebis saqarTvelos

damoukidebeli respublika, an emigraciaSi imyofebodnen, an, 20-50-iani

wlebis daundobel angariSsworebas gadarCenilni, Tavisufal saqarTveloze

ocnebasac ver bedavdnen. saqarTvelos politikuri xelmZRvaneloba amayad

acxadebda, rom qveyanaSi daZleuli iyo `warsulis mavne gadmonaSTebi~,

mosaxleobis religiuroba. axali ideologiuri wnexis pirobebSi gaizardnen

Taobebi, romelTa mexsierebidan istoriuli warsulis, qarTuli erovnuli

cnobierebis, saxelmwifoebriobisa da qristianuli sarwmunoebisadmi

erTgulebis amoSlas cdilobdnen. am droisTvis saSualo skolebidan da

umaRlesi saswavleblebidan saqarTvelos istoriis swavleba gandevnili iyo,

axalgazrdebisaTvis ucxod rCeboda XIX-XX saukuneebis saxelmwifoebrivi

da sarwmunoebrivi TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol winaparTa _ solomon II-is,

aleqsandre batoniSvilis, solomon leoniZis, filadelfos kiknaZis, dosiTeoz

quTaTelis, eqvTime gaenaTelis, spiridon kedias, noe ramiSvilis, noe Jordanias,

kote afxazis, qaquca ColoyaSvilis, grigol lorTqifaniZis, uwmidesi ambrosis,

mitropolit nazaris, zurab avaliSvilis, grigol robaqiZis, viqtor nozaZisa

da sxvaTa saxelebi. wina saukunis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba

socialur moZraobad moinaTla, xolo awmyoSi qarTuli enis uflebebisaTvis

brZola _ nacionalizmad. mkacri cenzura iyo yvela sferoSi. miuxedavad aseTi

rTuli viTarebisa, sabWoTa politikuri sistemis krizisi aSkara iyo.

mmarTvelma partiam 1956 wlis sagangebo dadgenilebiT dagmo stalinis

pirovnebis kulti da 20-50-iani wlebis represiebi mxolod mas daabrala. n.

xruSCovs am nabijiT sistemis gadarCena surda, magram piriqiT ki moxda: daCqarda

27

sabWoTa politikuri sistemis ngrevis procesi. 1956 wlis 9 marts TbilisSi

mSvidobiani manifestaciis barbarosulma darbevam, sisxlianma angariSsworebam

qarTul sazogadoebaSi azrovnebis wesis Secvla daaCqara, saqarTvelos

saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebis miviwyebuli idea gamoacocxla, komunisturi

sistemis kritika, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobisaTvis

brZola erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis mTavar mizanad iqca.

XX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi es moZraoba sabWoTa ideologebisa da misi

specsamsaxurebisaTvis `disidentur~ _ `sxvagvarad moazrovneTa~ moZraobad

moinaTla. disidenturi moZraobisaTvis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

samociqulo eklesiaSi momxdari cvlilebebi, axalgazrda, ganaTlebuli

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosvla iyo didi sixarulisa da imedebis momcemi,

amitom qarTveli mamuliSvilebi uyoymanod dadgnen ilia II-is gverdiT.

patriarqi Sinaganad erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli idealebis erTguli iyo.

amis dasturia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivSi, uwmidesisisa da unetaresis

studentobisdroindel saarqivo masalebSi, axalgazrda mRvdelmonazon ilias

mier memorandumis lamazad gadawerili teqsti, romliTac 1922 wels uwmidesma

da unetaresma ambrosi xelaiam genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciis monawileebs

mimarTa. garda amisa, Cveni patriarqi axalgazrdobidanve xSirad ixsenebda

kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-s: àxla Tvalwin myavs warmodgenili kaTolikos-

patriarqi anton II erekles Ze, magondeba misi tirili da godeba daoblebul

saqarTveloze, igi imeddakarguli da damwuxrebuli rwyavda ruseTis miwas

Tavisi mduRare cremlebiT~. _ werda Tavis dRiurSi mRvdelmonazoni ilia.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis sityva, darbazobaze Tqmuli 1977 wlis

25 dekembers, kargi gzavnili gamodga Tavisuflebis idealebis erTguli

TanamemamuleebisaTvis. aseT viTarebaSi daiwyo kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-

is moRvaweoba. erT-erTma mRvdelmTavarma ilia II-s mimarTvisas uTxra, rom

man saqarTvelos eklesia sudaragadafarebuli Caibara. viTareba iyo mZime,

magram _ ara uimedo. am dros mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiaSi moqmedi iyo mcxeTis

sveticxoveli, samTavrosa da olRas monastrebi, Tbilisis sioni, qaSveTis

wmida giorgis, didubis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis Sobis, kukiis wminda

ninos, mTawmindis mama daviTis, yovladwminda samebis, wminda aleqsandre

nevelis, wminda mixeil tverelis, wminda ioane RvTismetyvelis, wmida barbares

eklesiebi. ar funqcionirebda anCisxatis, karis, uflis feriscvalebis, wminda

nikolozis, metexis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis Sobis, veris eklesiebi;

naZaladevSi, iveriis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesiaSi higienis

saxli (abano) iyo gaxsnili. eklesias ar hyavda mrevli, TiTqmis ar arsebobda

qarTulenovani sasuliero wignebi, qarTuli xatebi, jvrebi, Semcirebuli

iyo mgalobelTa gundebi. wmida sinodis wevri eqvsi mRvdelmTavris asaki

meryeobda 70-90 wlebs Soris, xandazmuli iyo sasuliero pirTa umravlesobac.

28

pirvel xanebSi patriarqis Semmosvelni wminda aleqsandre nevelis saxelobis

eklesiidan gadmosuli rusi stiqarosnebi iyvnen. ilia II sionis sapatriarqo

taZarSi Sekrebil xalxs, romelic jer mrevli ar iyo, aswavlida, Tu rogor unda

elocaT, romeli locvebi unda eswavlaT, rogor unda gadaeweraT pirjvari,

risTvis iyo aucilebeli wirva-locvaze bolomde daswreba, risTvis unda

daecvaT marxva, eTqvaT aRsareba da mieRoT wmida ziareba, risTvis iyo saWiro

taZarSi siwynaris dacva msaxurebis aRsrulebis periodSi, ra aucileblobiT

iyo ganpirobebuli, rom taZarSi salocavad misuli mandilosani msaxurebas

Tavdaburuli daswreboda. adamianebi gaubedavad, magram mainc modiodnen

eklesiaSi da erTferovani cxovrebidan uecrad sxva samyaroSi gadmodiodnen,

sadac aforiaqebulni sulier simSvides poulobdnen, cxovrebaze xelCaqneulni

imediT aRivsebodnen. saocari sanaxavi iyo orSabaTs, samSabaTs, SabaTs da kviras

sionis sapatriarqo taZari. axalgazrdebi sasoebiT Sehyurebdnen TavianT

sulier winamZRols, wirva-locvis damTavrebis Semdeg nela miuyvebodnen

leseliZis, erekle II -is quCebs, rusTavelis gamzirs.

patriarqma pirvel saaxalwlo epistoleSi am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvels

xalxs: ̀ sarwmunoeba _ es naTelia mSvidobis gzaze, sarwmunoeba Tavadaa mSvidoba

da sasoeba maradiuli, sarwmunoeba wyaro aris siyvarulisa, romelic amaRlebs

kacis gulsa da gonebas. igi xidi aris, miwidan cisken mimavali. dadeqiT mtkiced

am xidze... Cven sixaruliT vuCvenebT yvelas am xidisaken mimaval gzas, im saqmeTa

nusxas, romelic unda akeTos maradiulobisaken am xidiT mimavalma adamianma,

mivuTiTebT bednierebis im WeSmarit wyaroze, saidanac unda svas sulisa da

xorcis masazrdoebeli cxovelmyofeli wyali, davexmarebiT sulieri amaRlebis

gziT ixilos is naTeli, romelic mzisgan ki ar modis, aramed romlisganac mzem

miiRo naTeli Tavad~.

komunisturi ideologiisagan sulSexuTuli sazogadoebisaTvis, romelsac

miwier samoTxes hpirdebodnen, yovelive amas gansakuTrebuli siaxlisa da imedis

gancda mohqonda. adamianebi TandaTan daubrundnen TavianTi winaprebis mier

sisxliTa da TavganwirviT SenarCunebul qristianul sarwmunoebas, nominaluri

morwmuneebidan WeSmarit morwmuneebad gadaiqcnen. saero cxovrebaSi samSoblo,

misi istoriuli gmirebi, mSobliuri ena daviwyebas eZleoda. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri ki maTi ardaviwyebisaken

mouwodebda mrevls: `roca gadavxedavT Cvens warsuls, gvaocebs, Tu amden

winaaRmdegobaSi viT SeinarCuna qarTvelma xalxma Tavisi ena, qristianuli

sarwmunoeba da kultura, rogor ar moispo es yvelaferi da viT gauZlo JamTan

Widils. Cveni dRemde arsebobis da sulieri simtkicis saidumloeba qristianul

sarwmunoebaSi mdgomareobs... wmida nino, daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamar mefe, didi

rusTaveli, dimitri Tavdadebuli, sirieli mamebi, Tornike erisTavi; mefe-

mowameni: arCili da luarsabi; sjulisaTvis Tavdadebulni: dedofali qeTevani,

29

mRvdeli Tevdore, gmirni marabdelni, daviT guramiSvili, 300 aragveli,

eqvTime TayaiSvili, ilia WavWavaZe; kaTolikos-patriarqni: kirioni, ambrosi,

kalistrate da mravali sxva mnaTobni da svetni arian saqarTvelosi... Cven unda

viyoT ganmgrZelebelni im didi saqmisa, rasac Seewirnen isini~. oficialuri

xelisuflebisa da misi ideologiisaTvis warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis aseTi

xedva sruliad miuRebeli iyo.

1978 wlis aprilis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi didi mRelvareba gamoiwvia

saqarTvelos ssr axali konstituciis proeqtis ganxilvam. axal proeqtSi,

moskovis miTiTebiT, amoiRes muxli, romelic saqarTvelos respublikaSi

qarTuli enis saxelmwifoebriv statuss akanonebda. sxvadasxva organizaciaSi

saqarTvelos ssr axali konstituciis proeqtis ganxilva arsebuli politikuri

sistemis mZafr kritikaSi gadaizarda.

am dros erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis axalgazrduli birTvi,

z. gamsaxurdias, m. kostavas, g. Wanturias, m. giorgaZis, T. CxeiZis, z. WavWavaZis

saxiT, sionis sapatriarqo taZris mrevli iyo. xelisufleba grZnobda, rom

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia Cvens qveyanaSi qarTuli

enis dasacavad gamosuli adamianebis Zlieri mokavSire aRmoCnda.

1978 wlis 14 aprils, dilis 9 saaTze Tbilisis universitetis ezoSi

aTasobiT studenti Seikriba da daiZra rusTavelis gamzirisaken, mTavrobis

sasaxlisaken, sadac saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos sagangebo sesias

unda daemtkicebina saqarTvelos ssr axali konstitucia. axalgazrdebi

moiTxovdnen qarTuli enis saxelmwifo enad gamocxadebas. meliqiSvilis

quCaze universitetis studentebs SeuerTdnen Tbilisis sxvadasxva umaRlesi

saswavleblis studentebi, inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi. filarmoniasTan

maT gaarRvies miliciis kordoni, momdevno winaaRmdegoba rusTavelis ZeglTan

gadailaxa, aTasobiT demonstranti skandirebiT: `samSoblo~, `saqarTvelo~,

`deda ena~ -mTavrobis saxlTan Segrovda... quCebSi daZabuloba igrZnoboda,

brezentgadaxurul manqanebSi samxedro teqnika, jari idga... ufrosi Taoba

tiroda, maT axsovdaT 1956 wlis 9 marti... iyo misi gameorebis saSiSroeba.

veeberTela sabWoTa imperiaSi es iyo uprecedento SemTxveva. moskovi

iZulebuli gaxda, ukan daexia, saqarTvelos ssr konstituciis 75-e muxliT

saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialistur respublikaSi qarTuli ena saxelmwifo

enad dakanonda. es iyo didi gamarjveba da sixaruli. demonstrantebi sionis

sapatriarqo taZrisaken daiZrnen. am dros ki saqarTvelos sapatriarqo

(dRemde daudgenelia mizezebi) xanZris alSi iyo gaxveuli. xanZris Sedegad

daiwva vercxlis xati, XVII saukunis wmida ninos xati, wmida nikolozis xati,

4 samRvdelmTavro kverTxi, barZim-feSxumebi, muxis kankeli, magida, skamebi;

kaTolikos-patriarqebis _ kirion II-is, leonides, ambrosis, qristefores,

kalistrates, melqisedekis, efrem II-is, daviT V-is _ suraTebi (originalebi).

30

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi TiTqmis erTi weli rezidenciis

gareSe iyo darCenili, magram amas xeli ar SeuSlia misTvis, saqmianoba kvlav

Cveuli SeupovrobiT gaegrZelebina.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia 1917 wels gamoscemda

oficialur sainformacio Jurnals _ `sveticxoveli~, romelic male daixura.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebis uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis,

qristefores, kalistrates, efremisa da daviTis _ survili, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias hqonoda Tavisi sainformacio Jurnali,

mravali dabrkolebisa da winaaRmdegobis gamo ganuxorcielebel ocnebad

rCeboda.

1978 wels, ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT, gamovida feradi ilustrirebuli

Jurnali ̀ jvari vazisa~. Tavdapirvelad ganzraxuli iyo, Jurnali yovelTviuri

yofiliyo, magram xelisuflebis mZafri winaaRmdegobis gamo yovelwliurad

ori nomris gamoSveba gadawyda. Jurnals unda gaeSuqebina saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoria, wmida sinodis sxdomebi,

Teologiis, marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan urTierTobis sakiTxebi. Jurnals

agreTve hqonda reziumeebi inglisur da rusul enebze. 37 wlis manZilze

Jurnalis ucvleli redaqtori iyo qalbatoni TinaTin kobalaZe. ̀ jvari vazisas~

1978 wlis pirveli nomeri mTlianad mieZRvna saqarTvelos me-12 saeklesio

krebas, uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is aRsaydrebas. SezRuduli tiraJis

gamo sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi specialur magidaze ewyo Jurnalis nomrebi

da mkiTxvelebi iwerdnen maTTvis saintereso statiebs.

pirvel xanebSi yoveldRiuri locvebi, fsalmunebi morwmune mrevls

xeliT hqonda gadawerili. 1978-1979 wlebSi es locvebi daibeWda, magram

moTxovnileba imdenad didi iyo, rom isini bibliografiul iSviaTobad iqca.

1978-1987 wlebSi saeklesio kalendarSi ibeWdeboda yoveldRiuri locvebi

da fsalmunebi. unikaluri qarTuli anbani _ asomTavruli da nusxaxucuri

_ mxolod specialistebisa da RvTismsaxurebisaTvis iyo gasagebi. xalxi

daSorebuli iyo Zvel qarTul teqstebsa da damwerlobas. `qarTvel mrevlSi

iSviaTad Tu moiZebneba adamiani, _ mimarTa uwmidesma mrevls, _ romelsac

SeeZleba medaviTneoba gauwios moZRvars... vTxov qarTvel morwmuneT, gamoiCinon

sibejiTe da gulmodgineba, Seiswavlon asomTavruli da xucuri damwerloba,

ar moSalon xidi, gadebuli saxelovan warsulsa da bednier momavals Soris~.

sul male eklesiebSi gamoCnda asomTavruliT da nusxa-xucuriT dawerili

yoveldRiuri locvebi, fsalmunebi. qarTveli morwmuneebisaTvis asomTavruli

da nusxa-xucuri anbani axlobeli da gasagebi xdeboda...

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, oficialuri xeli-

suflebis winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, iZulebiTi izolaciidan gamodioda.

1978 wlis 24 noembers cnobilma qarTvelma kinoreJisorma revaz TabukaSvilma

31

italiidan gadmoasvena 1911 wels q. Civita-vekiaSi sxvis gadasarCenad zRvaSi

daRupuli didi qarTveli mecnieris, mixeil TamaraSvilis neSti. 26 noembers,

kviras, xelovnebis muzeumis darbazSi gaimarTa samoqalaqo panaSvidi,

romelsac aTasobiT qarTveli daeswro. panaSvidze mobrZanda ilia II. didubis

panTeonSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi saqarTvelos patriarqma xazgasmiT aRniSna,

rom qarTveli eri da saqarTvelos eklesia istoriulad mudam erTad idga

da ase iqneba momavalSic. es iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis meTauris xalxSi gasvlis pirveli warmatebuli nabiji... bevr adamianze

patriarqis uSualobam, siwmidem ise imoqmeda, rom eklesias miaSura. sul male

sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi gamoCnda qarTuli xatebi, jvrebi. uwmidesis locva-

kurTxeviT, mxatvarma aleqsandre banZelaZem daiwyo didubis RvTismSoblis

eklesiis moxatva. 1979 wels sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi gamoCnda yovladwmida

RvTismSoblis, macxovris, wmida ninos, wmida giorgis, wmida keTilmsaxur Tamar

mefis, wmida qeTevan wamebulis, Rirsi mama ioane zedaznelis da misi mowafe

asureli mamebis, wmida mowameebis _ daviTisa da konstantines axali xatebi.

1978 wlis zafxulSi, rodesac TbilisSi saqarTvelos patriarqis mowveviT

stumrad CamobrZanda aTonis mTis gubernatori, doqtori dimitrios camisi,

misma uwmindesobam oficialur xelisuflebas acnoba, rom sapatio stumris

miwveva aucilebeli iyo Tbilisis universitetSi, korneli kekeliZis saxelobis

xelnawerTa institutSi, saxelmwifo muzeumSi. xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda,

dasTanxmeboda, ramac uwmidessa da unetaress saSualeba misca, Sexvedroda

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesor-maswavleblebs, studentebs,

universitetSi sapatio stumarma daaTvaliera saqarTvelos istoriis kabineti.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam, saero xeli-

suflebis RonisZiebaTa paralelurad, aRniSna iakob xucesis mier wmida SuSanikis

wamebis aRweridan 1500 wlisTavi, patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT daiwera wmida

SuSanikis xati. eklesiam xelisuflebas mosTxova, gadmoeca misTvis metexis

RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZari, sadac daculia wmida SuSanikis saflavi da

imxanad ki axalgazrduli Teatri iyo ganTavsebuli.

yoveli eklesiis avtokefalurobis erT-erTi niSania wmida mironis

adgilobriv eklesiaSi Semzadebis tradicia. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

samociqulo eklesiaSi tradiciulad mironis Semzadeba xdeboda vnebis kviraSi.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis

gauqmebis Semdeg wmida mironi ruseTidan SemohqondaT. xolo mas mere, rac

avtokefalia aRdga, pirvelad 1918 wlis aprilSi anCisxatSi Semzadda wmida

mironi. rogorc beri gobroni (Semdgom episkoposi gobron wkrialaSvili _ s. v.)

gadmogvcems: ̀ dRis 12 saaTisaTvis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,

uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II-m Tbilel mitropolit leonidesTan da

mcxeTa-Tbilisis samRvdeloebasTan erTad gadaixada RvTismSoblis paraklisi,

32

ris SemdgomSic sakuTari xeliT aiazmis sxurebiT CauSva qvabSi jvris saxiT

specialurad pinakebzed da sasmisebSi kandelakis mier gamzadebuli mironis

masalebis nawili; Semdgom amisa, kandelakma mis uwmidesobas miarTva anTebuli

kvari, romelmac sakuTari xeliT moukida cecxli winaswar quraSi gamzadebuls

da spirtdasxmul ramdenime naxSiris natexs... Semdgom amisa daiwyo wmida

saxarebis kiTxva~. es wesi sruldeboda did oTxSabaTs mwuxramde. did xuTSabaTs

moxda mironis Sezaveba. anCisxatis Semdeg wmida mironi momzadda 1920, 1947,

1967 wlebSi TbilisSi sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi. 1980 wlis 1-3 aprils ilia

II-is locva-kurTxeviT aRsdga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis uZvelesi tradicia da wmida mironis Semzadeba da kurTxeva Sesrulda

sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan mcxeTaSi

Camosuli aTasobiT morwmune monawileobda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo avtokefaluri eklesiis wiaRSi mironis kurTxevis msaxurebaSi.

3 aprils wmida mironi moaTavses sagangebo WurWliT moaTavses im manqanaSi,

romliTac ilia II TbilisSi unda gamgzavrebuliyo. `volga~, romelsac

protodiakoni RvTiso SalikaSvili marTavda, Tbilisisaken daiZra. manqanam

gaiara ramdenime kilometri da uecrad amobrunda... es Tavzardamcemi

informacia ramdenime wuTSi gavrcelda, momxdaris Sesaxeb Seityves imJamad

sveticxovelSi myofma wmida sinodis wevrebma da mrevlma. SemTxvevis adgilze

misulma xalxma naxa, rom patriarqic da mironic (WurWelTan erTad) uvneblad

gadarCeniliyo.

ilia II-m saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi aRorZina istoriuli

tradiciebi, ganavrco da ganaviTara igi. 1995-2011 wlebSi aRdgomis kviraSi

sveticxovlis taZarSi kvlav Semzadda wmida mironi _ marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis avtokefalurobis da siwmidis simbolo. XXI

saukunis qarTveloba uwmidesi patriarqis locviTa da SemweobiT eziareba

marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis maradiul WeSmaritebas.

kaTolikos-patriarqi grZnobda, rom aucilebeli iyo qarTul

sazogadoebaSi gaqarwylebuliyo stereotipi, romelic eklesiis Sesaxeb

komunisturma xelisuflebam Camoayaliba da romelic eklesias ìstoriuli

kulturis Zeglis~ statuss usadagebda. es warmodgena aucileblad unda

gacamtverebuliyo da eklesiis namdvili daniSnuleba yvelasTvis mkafiod da

naTlad ganmartebuliyo. `taZari adgilia adamianis eklesiuri kurTxevisa,

_ aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba, _ karibWea maradiulobisa, savanea RvTisa;

aqauri madlmosili garemo aRazevebs, akeTilSobilebs suls, ganwmeds da

ganaTavisuflebs codvebisagan, taZari oazisia, romelSic Cveni yoveldRiuri

cxovrebis oromtrialiT, RelviT da amaoebiT daclili suli Sinagan mSvidobasa

da siwynares povebs~.

oficialurma xelisuflebam saeklesio dResaswaulebs daupirispira

33

e.w. saxalxo `daviT garejoba~, `mcxeToba~, àlaverdoba~, `TeleToba~.

mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi SezarxoSebuli xalxi zurna-dudukis fonze wmida

taZrebis ezoebSi raRacas zeimobda, Tu ras, verc erTi mozeime ver ityoda (es

fenomeni mxatvrulad aisaxa guram rCeuliSvilis moTxrobaSi _ àlaverdoba~).

patriarqi 1978 wlis seqtemberSi kaxeTSi, alaverdobaze gaemgzavra. axmetis

partiulma xelmZRvanelobam scada, aTasobiT morwmunisaTvis gza gadaeRoba,

magram uSedegod. es iyo pirveli alaverdoba, romlis drosac sakaTedro

taZarSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodis

wevrebi aRasrulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas. saocari viTareba iyo. warmarTul-

gaxalxurebuli dResaswauli Tavis namdvil saxes ibrunebda. ase moxda

TeleTSi, mcxeTaSi, lomisSi. es iyo qarTveli xalxis qristianuli rwmenisken

Semobrunebis rTuli, magram Seuqcevadi procesis dasawyisi. oficialuri

xelisuflebis mcdeloba, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia

sazogadoebisagan izolirebuli darCeniliyo, sruli kraxiT damTavrda.

uwmidesma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmo axalgazrdobas. komunistur-

komkavSiruli propagandiT sulSexuTulma axalgazrdebma sulis simSvide,

samSoblos interesebis dacvis, winaparTa tradiciebis pativiscemis Zala

eklesiaSi ipoves.

1978 wlis 6 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis oficialuri delegacia moskovidan TbilisSi brundeboda. moskovis

aeroportSi qarTulad xmamaRla naTqvamma sityvam patriarqi moabruna.

ùwmideso, _ mimarTa ucnobma axalgazrdam, daiCoqa mis win da werili gadasca,

_ sul ramdenime Tve gavida Tqveni kurTxevidan da sasaxelod gauZeliT did

gamocdas. Tqveni yoveli wirva, yoveli qadageba Cvens guls malamod ecxeba.

sioni Cveni sulisa da gonebis wmida taZaria, akademiaa, romelSic adamiani

ara marto gonebis sazrdos iRebs, aramed _ sulier sazrdosac. Tqven xarT

is sulieri moZRvari, romelmac bevri gzasacdenili adamiani moaqcieT; imedi

gqondeT, qarTveli axalgazrdebi mudam mxarSi amogidgebiT~. es gulaxdili

werili-aRsareba adasturebda uwmidesisa da unetaresis mier gadadgmuli

pirveli nabijebis marTebulobas.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurma mWidro

TanamSromloba daiwyo qarTuli mecnierebisa da kulturis sxvadasxva sferos

warmomadgenlebTan. aTeistur epoqaSi aRzrdil adamianebs igi miniSnebiT

aswavlida sasuliero pirebTan urTierTobis niuansebs.

am fonze oficialuri saxelisuflebo struqturebi dafiqrdnen, Tu

rogor unda waremarTaT momavalSi antireligiuri muSaobis strategia da

taqtika.

gadawyda, Seqmniliyo komkavSiruli Stabebi, romelnic saeklesio

dResaswaulebis dros eklesiebSi mosul axalgazrdebs gamoavlendnen da

34

farTo àxsna-ganmartebiT samuSaoebs~ Caatarebdnen. xelisuflebis miTiTebiT,

saxelmwifo samsaxurSi myof adamianebs samsaxuridan gaSvebiT, xolo umaRlesi

saswavleblebis studentebs _ saswavleblidan garicxviT emuqrebodnen. ofi-

cialur xelisuflebas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaze

zemoqmedebisaTvis Seqmnili hqonda sagangebo saxelmwifo struqtura _ sabWoTa

kavSiris religiis saqmeTa komitetis saxiT, romelic 1943 wels, xolo misi

filiali _ saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis rwmunebulis Tanamdeboba _ 1947 wels dafuZnda mTavrobis dadge-

nilebis safuZvelze. rwmunebulTa aparats evaleboda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas Soris

urTierTobis koordinacia, sasuliero pirTa aRricxva, moqmedi eklesiebis

registracia, sabWoTa kanonmdeblobiT religiuri organizaciebisaTvis

miniWebul uflebaTa dacva. rwmunebulTa samoqalaqo samsaxuris ukan sabWoTa

kavSiris uSiSroebis ganyofileba idga, romelic eklesiis saqmianobas mkacrad

akontrolebda.

am dros saqarTveloSi ZalaSi iyo 1977 welis damtkicebuli debuleba

`religiur gaerTianebaTa Sesaxeb~. debulebis Tanaxmad, axali eklesiis gaxsna

SesaZlebeli iyo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu amas religiuri sazogadoebis 20 wevri

moiTxovda. Tu sasuliero pirs ar hqonda religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis mier

gacemuli registraciis mowmoba, mas mRvdelmsaxureba ekrZaleboda.

rwmunebulTa aparati cdilobda, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis saqmianoba srulad ekontrolebina, didi saSemosavlo

gadasaxadebi daewesebina sasuliero pirebisaTvis, maTTvis arasasurvel

sasuliero pirebze Seuracxmyofeli Worebi gaevrcelebina, raTa sazogadoebas

uaryofiTi ganwyoba Seqmnoda maTze.

religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulebi cdilobdnen eklesiis Sida saqmeebSi

uxeSad Carevas. 1986 wlis 21 noembers religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuli aseTi

Sinaarsis werils ugzavnis ilia II-s: `Cvens xelT arsebuli monacemebidan

gamomdinare, aucileblad miviCnevT Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT religiuri

kultebis Sesaxeb sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis darRvevebis faqtebze, romlebic

sakmaod moxSirda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis msaxurTa mxriv...

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, rwmunebulTa aparats saWirod miaCnia, rom

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sapatriarqom aRniSnul darRvevaTa

uaxloes vadebSi aRmosafxvrelad gaataros Semdegi saxis RonisZiebani:

1. aekrZaloT eklesiaTa mRvdelmsaxurebsa da sapatriarqos Tanam-

Sromlebs, uSualod mimarTon respublikisa Tu sakavSiro instanciebs da

awarmoon maTTan mimowera rwmunebulis aparatis gverdis avliT;

2. SeizRudos mRvdlebis sxvadasxva eklesiebSi gadayvan-gadmoyvana, Tu es

gansakuTrebuli aucileblobiT ar iqneba gamowveuli;

35

3. mkacrad aekrZalos yvela RvTismsaxursa Tu eklesiis winamZRvars

religiuri sazogadoebis safinanso-sameurneo saqmeebSi CarTva.

4. mkacrad iqnes gafrTxilebuli yvela mRvdelmTavari da sxva kultis

msaxurni, raTa Sewydes aramoqmed da araregistrirebul eklesiebSi saxalxo

Tu saeklesio dResaswaulebSi monawileoba~.

religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis davalebiT, quTaisis mxareTmcodneobis

muzeumis gelaTis filialis TanamSromlebi sastikad ewinaaRmdegebodnen

quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropolitis Sio avaliSvilis ganzraxvas: 8 Tebervals

administraciuli wesiT daxurul eklesiaSi daviT IV aRmaSeneblis saflavze

mRvdelmTavars paraklisis aRsruleba surda. ase iyo yvelgan, magram miuxedavad

aseTi mcdelobisa, rwmunebulTa aparati veRar axerxebda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis samoqmedo asparezis SezRudvas.

XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli

moZraobis aRmavlobis periodSi, religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparatis

gauqmebis Sesaxeb sakiTxi araerTxel daisva. 1990 wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos

ministrTa sabWom aseTi dadgenileba gamosca: `gauqmdes saqarTvelos ssr

ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati yvela

Tavisi funqciiT. respublikis teritoriaze ganlagebuli marTlmadidebeli

eklesiisa da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos yvela sakulto nageboba gamocxaddes

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakuTrebad~.

patriarqi saocari mimteveblobiT da araCveulebrivi madlierebis

grZnobiT yovelTvis magaliTs aZlevs ers. 1995 wels mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis

sapatriarqo taZarSi, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

gafarToebuli krebaze, man aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan

arsebuli religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati eklesiis SezRudvisa da

daCagvrisaTvis iyo Seqmnili, magram àr SemiZlia ar gavixseno, _ brZana

uwmidesma, _ religiis saqmeTa ori rwmunebuli: Tengiz onofriSvili da anzor

wiklauri. Tengiz onofriSvili mRvdlis SviliSvili iyo, romlis suraTic man

erTxel saidumlod maCvena. anzor wiklaurs, romelic axlaxan gardaicvala,

didi wvlili miuZRvis Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis gaxsnaSi. erTica da

meorec istorikosebi iyvnen da kargad esmodaT eklesiis roli Cveni qveynis

cxovrebaSi~.

36

Tavi IV. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociquloeklesiis urTierToba marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan

da aramarTlmadideblur konfensiebTan. avtokefaliuri moZraobis warmatebiT dagvirgvineba


aRdgenisa da pirveli saeklesio krebis mier sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqad kirion II-is arCevis Semdeg uwmidesma da

unetaresma kirion II-m daiwyo seriozuli muSaoba, raTa marTlmadidebel

da aramarTlmadidebel msoflios mkafio warmodgena Sehqmnoda, Tu

ra moxda saqarTveloSi, da ruseTis sapatriarqos mier gavrcelebuli

tendenciuri informaciebis tyveobaSi ar aRmoCeniliyvnen. pirvel

yovlisa, ruseTis eklesiasTan megobruli urTierTobis damyareba

cxadia, sasurveli iyo, magram 1917 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis

axladarCeulma patriarqma tixonma saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis maRal ierarqebs mcxeTaSi 1917 wlis 12 (25) marts

miRebuli dokumentis gauqmebisa da sinanulisaken mouwoda. amitom 25

wlis manZilze saqarTvelosa da ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa

Soris evqaristuli kavSiri ar arsebobda.

1943 wlis 31 oqtombers, daZabuli molaparakebebis Semdeg, ruseTis

patriarqma sergim oficialurad aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia, 1917 wlis 12 (25) martis

sveticxovlis damoukideblobis aqtis kanoniereba da rusi mrevlisadmi

mimarTvaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasTan evqaristuli

kavSiris aRdgena daadastura. ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis

dokuments xels awerdnen patriarqi sergi da sinodis mudmivi wevrebi,

mitropolitebi: aleqsi, nikolozi, mTavarepiskoposebi: andrei, aleqsi, ioane.

1946 wels saqarTveloSi oficialuri megobruli vizitiT CamobrZanda

ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi I. 1958 wels igi meored Camovida

saqarTveloSi. 1945-1948 wlebSi uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate

stumrobda moskovs. 1951-1970 wlebSi moskovSi araerTxel Catarda sabWoTa

kavSirSi arsebul religiur konfesiaTa meTaurebis Sexvedra, samSvidobo

konferenciebi. am SexvedrebSi monawileobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqni: melqisedek III, efrem II, daviT

V, ilia II. ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris

keTilganwyobili urTierToba damyarda.

1977 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is aRsaydrebaze

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi pimeni am sityvebiT miesalma

37

saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs: `ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia, aRsavse

uRrmesi pativiscemiT Tavisi erTmorwmune, moZme qarTuli eklesiisadmi, guliT

xarobs am uwmides taZarSi gamefebuli sixaruliTa da zeimiT. es sixaruli wmidaa

da naTeli. Cvenc sixarulma mogviyvana aq, raTa erTxel kidev davudasturoT

keTilmorwmune qarTvel ers da mis Rirseul mwyemsmTavars sruliad ruseTis

eklesiis samwysos siyvaruli~.

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II patriarq pimenis am pozicias pativiscemiTa

da ruseTis eklesiisadmi siyvaruliT pasuxobda. 1978 wlis maisSi igi

monawileobda ruseTSi patriarqobis aRdgenidan 60 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil

sazeimo RonisZiebaSi. aq igi Sexvda da momavali urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis

sakiTxebze esaubra msoflio sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebs, mitropolitebs

_ melitonsa da barTolomeoss (axlandel msoflio patriarqs), ierusalimis

eklesiidan _ mitropolit germanes, rumineTis eklesiidan _ mitropolit

Teoqstites (SemdgomSi patriarqs), bulgareTis patriarq maqsimes, eladis

eklesiis warmomadgenels _ mitropolit barnabas, kviprosis eklesiis meTaurs

_ mTavarepiskopos qrizostomoss, Cexoslovakiis eklesiis meTaurs _ doroTes,

poloneTis eklesiis meTaurs _ mitropolit vasils, amerikisa da kanadis

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs _ mTavarepiskopos Teodosis, somxuri

eklesiis meTaurs _ patriarq-kaTolikos vazgen I-s. ruseTis eklesiis meTauris,

uwmides pimenisadmi mimarTul misalmebaSi man aRniSna: `rusuli eklesiis

aTaswlovani istoria _ es aris qristes jvris mtvirTelobis aTaswlovani

gza. es aris wmindanTa dasebi, es aris qristianuli siyvaruli, es aris brZola

WeSmariti rwmenisa da mamulisaTvis. es aris sulier faseulobaTa Seqmna da

zrunva maTi SenarCunebisaTvis~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II yovelTvis pativiscemiT ixsenebda ruseTis

patriarqebs _ uwmides aleqsi I-sa da uwmides pimens. man 1990 wels patriarq

pimenis dakrZalvaze ase daaxasiaTa igi: `rodesac Cven uwmidesi patriarqis _

pimenis cxovrebas Soridan vuyurebT, vxedavT mxolod mis sidiades, gvaxsendeba

sadResaswaulo RvTismsaxurebani, wirva-locvani, magram ver vxedavT im mZime

gansacdelsa da devnas, romelic man gadaitana, ver vxedavT im Tavganwirul

msaxurebas, mis uZilo, locviT gaTenebul Rameebs, mis cremlebsa da tanjvas,

im mZime jvars, romelic mas Tavisi mxrebiT mihqonda~.

axladarCeul patriarq aleqsi II-s saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelma

tradiciuli megobroba da urTierTTanamSromloba SesTavaza.

XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi bolSevikebis mier modernizebuli ruseTis

sabWoTa imperia _ sabWoTa kavSiri _ daiSala. es procesi yofili sabWoTa

respublikebisaTvis, maT Soris _ saqarTvelosaTvis, sakmaod mtkivneuli

aRmoCnda. ruseTis politikuri wreebis waqezebiTa da mxardaWeriT gaZlierda

separatistuli tendenciebi saqarTvelos istoriul miwa-wyalze, afxazeTsa da

38

cxinvalis regionSi. ruseTma faqtobrivad am teritoriebis aneqsia moaxdina.

ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia Tavis bundovan gancxadebebSi TiTqos

gmobda Zaladobas, magram, samwuxarod, am yvelaferSi iribad qarTvelebs

adanaSaulebda. ruseTis patriarqma aleqsi II-m TbilisSi yofnisas Tavi arida

am problemebze msjelobas. cxum-afxazeTisa da cxinvalis eparqiebidan

separatistebis mier gamoZevebulia qarTveli samRvdeloeba da am dros

ruseTis eklesia, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gverdis avliT, cdilobs iq rusi

sasuliero pirebis damkvidrebas da amas amarTlebs mosaxleobis religiuri

moTxovnilebiT. iseT viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, rom, rogorc ruseTis

saxelmwifo, aseve eklesia, sajarod aRiarebda saqarTvelos teritoriul

mTlianobas, saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul avtokefalias, magram

sinamdvileSi piriqiT iqcevian. am TvalsazrisiT rad Rirs Tundac is faqti,

rom cxinvalis separatistuli ukanono SeiaraRebuli formirebis aRlumze

monawileobda ruseTis eklesiis vladikavkazis eparqiis winamZRoli?

ruseTis `patriot mecnierTa~ wreebSi gaCnda mosazrebani axali

aTonis monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis dabrunebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, mkacrad gmobda yovelive amas. ruseTis

patriarq aleqsi II-sadmi gagzavnil werilSi igi aRniSnavda: `me miviRe

sakmaod ucnauri da gaugebari werili da aucileblad miviCnie, gamecno igi

TqvenTvis, miT umetes, rom igi ruseTisa da saqarTvelos avtokefaliuri

eklesiebis urTierTobebs exeba.... upirveles yovlisa, gvaocebs, ratom erevian

mecnierebi ori Zmuri avtokefaliuri eklesiis urTierTobaSi? vin misca maT

amis uflebamosileba? me ar vfiqrob, rom es Tqvengan miecaT. mtkiceba axali

aTonis monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis dabrunebisa im motiviT, rom igi rusi

ostatebis, rusi xalxisa da ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xarjebiT

aSenda, arasworia. me SemiZlia mravali magaliTi moviyvano imis Taobaze, rom

bevri qarTuli taZari da Senoba moskovSi, peterburgsa Tu ruseTis sxva

qalaqebSi qarTveli mefeebisa da Tavadebis mier aris aSenebuli; Cven rom dRes

erTmaneTs msgavsi pretenziebi wavuyenoT, es ar Seuwyobs xels Cveni xalxebisa

da eklesiebis megobrobas... garda amisa, minda SegaxsenoT, rom rodesac 1943

wels ruseTis eklesiam aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefalia, saqarTveloSi arsebuli yvela rusuli

samwyso da monasteri saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcias gadaeca~. patriarqma

aseve mkacrad dagmo vladikavkazisa da stavropolis mitropolit gedeonis

mcdeloba `samxreT oseTis xalxisaTvis sulieri daxmarebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb~

da dasZina: ùpirveles yovlisa, meufe gedeonma unda icodes, rom yofili

samxreT oseTis teritoria saqarTvelos uZvelesi teritoriaa, Tavisi

gancxadebiT igi mtrobas sTess ara mxolod qarTvelebsa da osebs, aramed

qarTvelebsa da rusebs Sorisac~.

39

samwuxarod, ruseTis eklesiam mkafio pasuxi ver gasca, Tu ratom xdeba

yovelive es, verc 1992 wlis oqtomberSi, rodesac ilia II-m mimarTa ruseTis

patriarq aleqsi II-s da sTxova, afxazeTSi datrialebuli sisxlisRvris

SesaCereblad Tavisi avtoriteti gamoeyenebina, da _ verc Semdgom.

am viTarebaSi ruseTis sapatriarqos mier saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis miwveva moskovSi marTlmadidebeli enciklopediis me-13 tomis

prezentaciaze dasaswrebad, scildeboda enciklopediis prezentaciis farglebs.

viziti 2007 wlis martSi Sedga. mravalricxovani qarTuli delegacia, romelsac

patriarqi xelmZRvanelobda, fiqrobda, msjelobda, rogori Sedegebi eqneboda

am vizits. saqarTvelos patriarqma pirvelsave oficialur Sexvedraze mkafiod

ganacxada: `Cven CamovediT friad sapasuxismgeblo dros, rodesac ruseTsa da

saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebi sagrZnoblad garTulda... vimedovnebT, rom

es urTierTobebi uaxloes momavalSi gaumjobesdeba da mivxvdebiT, rom mezobel

saxelmwifoebs Soris urTierTobebi unda iyos stabiluri da megobruli. Cven

erTmaneTs vWirdebiT. arsebobs SesaniSnavi brZnuli gamonaTqvami: diliT,

amomaval mzeze adre xedav mezobels... ruseTs unda sWirdebodes erTiani,

megobruli saqarTvelo~.

2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Semdeg, dekemberSi

gardaicvala ruseTis patriarqi aleqsi II. ilia II-m miiRo gadawyvetileba

moskovSi gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb, raTa ukanaskneli pativi miego ruseTis eklesiis

meTaurisaTvis. patriarqma aRniSna: `Cven SesaZlebelia Sexvedra gvqondes

ruseTis xelisuflebasTan. Cveni viziti aRemateba im misias, risTvisac ruseTSi

mivdivarT. me maT mTeli Cveni eris saxeliT minda vuTxra, rom qarTveli

verasodes Seurigdeba imas, rom afaxazeTi da cxinvali iyos saqarTvelos

gareSe~. ilia II moskovSi Sexvda ruseTis prezident dimitri medvedevs. Zneli

da rTuli iyo es Sexvedra, sasaubro Temebi, magram aucilebeli.

2009 wlis seqtemberSi ruseTis eklesiis wmida sinodma e. w. afxazeTis

eparqiis Txovnaze mieRo is ruseTis eklesiis iuridiqciaSi, oficialurad

uariT upasuxa da ganmarta, rom afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTze aRiarebs

saqarTvelos eklesiis kanonikur uflebas. ruseTis eklesiis aseTi pozicia

ganpirobebulia saqarTvelos patiriarqis pirovnuli avtoritetiTa da

moqnili, SorsmWvreteluri diplomatiis wyalobiT. 2008 wlis agvistos omis

Semdeg saqarTvelosa da ruseTis eklesiis axladarCeuli patriarqis kirilis

Sexvedra 2009 wlis noemberSi pirvelad baqoSi Sedga. ruseTis sapatriarqom

oficialur gancxadebaSi aRniSna: òri patriarqi, rogorc Zveli megobari,

ise Sexvda erTmaneTs. Sexvedraze iTqva, rom or eklesias Soris arsebuli

megobroba, urTierTgageba imis sawindaria, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi Cvens

erebs da saxelmwifoebs Soris kvlav aRsdgeba urTierTobebi~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, misi meTauri

40

qveynis teritoriuli da eklesiuri mTlianobisaTvis brZolaSi Seuvalni

arian. amis dasturia 2010 wlis 21 dekembris saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetileba, romlis Tanaxmadac, Seqmnili rTuli

viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rodesac afxazeTSi ver xerxdeba saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis ganxorcieleba da e. w. afxazeTis eklesia ruseTis

da sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiebs mimarTavs damoukidebel eklesiad

aRiarebis TxovniT, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma SeiTavsa

cxum-afxazeTis eparqia. amieridan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

saWeTmpyroblis sruli titulatura aseTia: sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis

mitropoliti, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. vercerTi marTlmadidebeli

eklesia ver ugulebelyofs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida

sinodis 2010 wlis 21 dekembris ganCinebas.

ruseTis sapatriarqo oficialurad aRiarebs saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqcias afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi,

Tumca arc separatistebis liderebis oficialur miRebebze ambobs uars.

gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ruseTis sapatriarqo did angariSs uwevs

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is

avtoritets da bolomde mainc ver axerxebs saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul

mTlianobaze uaris Tqmas.

2013 wlis 21 ianvars moskovis qriste macxovris saxelobis taZris

sakonferencio darbazSi uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s gadaeca saerTaSoriso

fondis premia. patriarqma kidev erTxel daafiqsira saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis pozicia ruseT-saqarTvelos rTul urTierTobebTan

dakavSirebiT. `me adrec araerTxel aRminiSnavs, rom urTierToba Cvens

qveynebs Soris SeiZleba normaluri iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu izeimebs

samarTlianoba da saqarTvelos daubrundeba misi ZirZveli teritoriebi _

afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni, rac iqneba kavkasiaSi rTuli problemebis

gadaWris erT-erTi mTavari piroba... adre Tu gvian saqarTvelos teritoriuli

mTlianoba aRdgeba da rac ufro adre moxdeba es, miT ukeTesia yvelasaTvis~. igive

gaimeora patriarqma ruseTis prezident vladimer putinTan Sexvedris dros.

saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis, ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis

momavalze uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m isaubra 2013 wlis 23-29 ivliss

ruseTis gaqristianebis 1025 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil RonisZiebebze, romlebic

gaimarTa moskovSi, kievsa da minskSi ruseTis prezident vladimer putinTan,

moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarq kirilesTan, ukrainisa da belorusiis

prezidentebTan Sexvedrebis dros. rogorc uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia

II-m brZana: `Cven gvqonda Sexvedrebi ruseTis patriarqTan da ruseTis

prezidentTan. mTavaria, daiZras afxazeTidan da cxinvalis regionebidan

41

devnilebis mSobliur kuTxeebSi dabrunebis sakiTxi. Cven kategoriulad

moviTxovT, rom ltolvilebi unda dabrundnen Tavis ojaxebSi, Tavis saxlebSi.

ase rom, RvTis imediT varT vfiqrobT, rom yovelive kargad warimarTeba~.

samwuxarod ruseTis politikuri xelmZRvaneloba mxolod dapirebis reJimSi

muSaobs da praqtikulad ganagrZobs saqarTvelos teritoriebis erTi nawilis

okupacias. Tumca veraviTari xelovnuri gamyofi xazi ver Secvlis istorias.

saqarTvelo adre Tu gvian mainc daibrunebs Tavis istoriul teritoriebs.

uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis meTauri 1917-1918 wlebSi, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas

aniWebda konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqosTan urTierTobis

aRdgenas. 1811 wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruseTis imperatorma _ aleqsandre

I-ma gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia, konstantinepolis msoflio

sapatriarqosTan gawyda mravalsaukunovani kavSiri. uwmidesi da unetaresi

kirion II msoflio patriarq germane V-s werilSi mokled mouTxrobda 1811-

1917 wlebis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istorias

da acxadebda: `gulisxmavyof brZanebasa mociqulisasa Tanaxmad erTobisa

mas sulisasa sakvirvelisasa... siyvaruliT mogikiTxav, unetareso mamao, da

wrfeliTa guliTa giTxra: `qriste ars Cvens Soris~. Rvawli Cemda iqnebis

dacvai doRmatTa marTlmadideblobisaTa, romelTa arca gamcemel yofil

ars eklesiai Cveni, gzad Cemda iqmnebis zrunvai keTildgomisaTvis wmidaTa

RmerTisa eklesiaTa da keTili warmatebisaTvis erisa Cemis zRuded Cemda

iqmnebis kanoni~. konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, ruseTis eklesiis

gavleniT, XX saukunis 20-60-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samo-

ciqulo eklesiasTan urTierTobas erideboda. urTierTobis erTaderTi

SemTxveva ukavSirdeba 1928 wels, rodesac msoflio sapatriarqom sa-

qarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias axal stilze gadasvlis

gamo mxardaWera sTxova.

bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis xanaSi sxva marTlmadidebel avtokefaliur

eklesiebTan piradi kontaqtebi gaZnelebuli iyo. konstantinopolis

sapatriarqo sabWoTa kavSiris mier mtrulad Seracxili samxedro organizaciis,

`natos~ wevri qveynis _ TurqeTis teritoriaze mdebareobda da oficialuri

xelisufleba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias msoflio

sapatriarqosTan Tavisufal urTierTobas ukrZalavda. dRes xSirad kamaToben

imis Taobaze, Tu ramdenad iyo gamarTlebuli 1962 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi

efrem II-is Tanxmoba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb. am organizaciis egidiT

mowyobil samSvidobo forumze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis warmomadgenlebs miecaT saSualeba, msoflios marTlmadidebel

eklesiaTa meTaurebisaTvis mkafiod ganemartaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

42

samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis mniSvneloba da moeTxovaT

maTgan am avtokefaliis aRiareba. 1963 wels Semoqmedeli episkoposi ilia

monawileobda kunZul rodosze gamarTul marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa

samSvidobo forumSi, romelzec saqarTvelos eklesia yvelaze axalgazrda

avtonomiur eklesiad gamoacxades. amas mohyva yovladusamRvdeloesi ilias

mwvave reaqcia. man ganumarta damswreT, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesia aris uZvelesi samociqulo avtokefaliuri eklesia da moiTxovs

Sesabamis pativiscemas. rodosidan dabrunebulma episkoposma iliam vrcel

moxsenebiT baraTSi efrem II-s auxsna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis irgvliv Seqmnili viTareba. uwmidesma da unetaresma

efrem II-m mas daavala, emuSava saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis avtokefaliis saerTaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis, mecnierebTan

TanamSromlobiT moeZia avtokefaliis istoriuli mtkicebulebani. daiwyo am

mimarTulebiT daZabuli muSaoba. 1970 wlis 2 marts efrem II-s samuSao dRiurSi

Cauweria: `konstantinepolis msoflio patriarqi Cvens eklesiasTan ar aris

keTilad ganwyobili, cnobilma viRacam (?) yurSi borotad CauCurCula, Cvens

patriarqobas ar scnobs... Cven Cvens gzas vagrZelebT~.

msoflio sapatriarqosTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze intensiuri

molaparakebebi gagrZelda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is locva-

kurTxeviT. 1978 wlis ivnisSi, patriarqis mowveviT, TbilisSi imyofeboda

msoflio sapatriarqos delegacia, romelsac xelmZRva-nelobda qalkedonis

mitropoliti melitoni. delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen filadelfiis

mitropoliti barTolomeosi da SvedeTis mitropoliti pavle. saqarTvelos

sapatriarqoSi gaimarTa pirveli seriozuli molaparakeba saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze.

imave dReebSi ilia II sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi Sexvda qarTvel mecnierebs,

romelTac sTxova, intensiurad emuSavaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis istoriaze. patriarqma aRniSna, rom mosagvarebeli iyo

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis

sakiTxi. saWiro iyo, myari istoriuli mtkicebulebebis mqone sabuTebiT

daemtkicebinaT berZnuli sapatriarqoebisTvis, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis

meTauri V saukunidan kaTolikosis, xolo XI saukunidan _ kaTolikos-patriarqis

tituls flobda.

1979 wlis maisSi kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad

stambulSi imyofeboda konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqis _ yovladuwmidesi

dimitriosis miwveviT. ̀ TiTqmis rvaasi welia, rac konstantinopolSi ar yofila

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, _ ganacxada uwmidesma da unetaresma _

bednieri var, rom wilad mxvda da RvTis locva-kurTxeviT Camovedi am qalaqSi,

43

romelic saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi iyo centri eklesiuri, kulturuli da

samecniero cxovrebisa da moRvaweobisa. Cveni eklesia mudam grZnobda, Tu

ra didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda da eniWeba msoflio sapatriarqos, is mudam

unda yofiliyo im Zalad, romelic daakavSirebda avtokefaliur eklesiebs~.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi Sexvda msoflio sapatriarqos mmarTvel

mRvdelmTavrebs, gaimarTa azrTa gaziareba marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa

urTierTobis sakiTxebze. patriarqma Sexvedraze ganacxada: `rodesac werils

an milocvas gvigzavnis konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, sworad

ar aris moxsenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, ise

rogorc wodebulia V saukunidan... saeklesio forumebsa da konferenciebze

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia kanonierad unda ikavebdes

Tavis adgils... roca xdeba kuTvnili VI adgilis darRveva, es gavlenas axdens

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiaze da mis avtoritetze mTel msoflioSi...

Cven gvsurs, rom es sakiTxi erTxel da samudamod mowesrigdes... ar viTxov

axali ramis mocemas an damtkicebas, Cven gvinda aRvadginoT winandeli Cveni

mdgomareoba, romelic, samwuxarod, 1811 wels davkargeT~.

konstantinopolis sapatriarqos saxeliT gamosulma qalkedonis

mitropolitma melitonma aRuTqva saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis meTaurs, rom dasabuTebuli istoriuli masalebis gacnobis safuZvelze

es sakiTxebi dadebiTad gadaiWreboda.

daZabuli molaparakebebi 11 wlis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelda. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia avtokefaliisa da diptixis sakiTxebSi

araviTar kompromisze ar midioda. 1982 wlis ivlisSi msoflio patriarq

yovladuwmides dimitriosisadmi gagzavnil werilSi, romelsac xels awerda

ilia II da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis

13 mRvdelmTavari, naTqvami iyo: `Tu konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo

sadavod miiCnevs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis adgils

diptixSi, im SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gauWirdeba monawileoba

miiRos msoflio sapatriarqos mier mowyobil RonisZiebebSi~.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqom aseve gaaprotesta is faqti, rom 1981 wels

saberZneTisa da kviprosis eklesiebis mier Sedgenil kalendarSi saqarTvelos

eklesia istoriulad mis kuTvnil me-6 adgilze ar iyo moxseniebuli. patriarqs

moubodiSes, rom iZulebuli iyvnen daecvaT msoflio sapatriarqos mier

avtokefaliuri eklesiebisaTvis gankuTvnili rigiToba. patriarqma qarTvel

mecnierebTan konsultaciis Semdeg, msoflios marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis

meTaurebs daugzavna dasabuTebuli, istoriuli dokumentebiT gajerebuli

werilebi, romlebic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

istoriul avtokefaliasa da diptixSi marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris misi

kuTvnili me-6 adgilis kanonierebas amtkicebda. saqarTvelos patriarqma moZme

44

eklesiebisgan werilobiTi mxardaWera moiTxova. misi uwmidesobis moTxovnas

dadebiTad gamoexmaurnen moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqi uwmidesi

pimeni, praRisa da Cexoslovakiis mitropoliti doroTeosi, bulgareTis

uwmidesi patriarqi maqsime, aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papi da

patriarqi uwmidesi nikoloz VI.

mravalmxriv sagulisxmo iyo ierusalimis patriarqis diodorosis pasuxi:

`Zmuri siyvaruliT miviReT CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli Tqveni uwmidesobisa

da unetaresobis werili, romelmac mogvagona da ukan mogvaxeda eklesiuri

faqtebisaken, gviCvena uZvelesi droidanve dadgenilad sruliad marTlmadidebel

eklesiaTa Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli avtokefalia... dabejiTebiT

mogaxsenebT, rom adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa erTsulovnebiT

saqarTvelos mowamebrivma, magram, amave dros, didebulma sapatriarqom unda

miiRos Tavisi Sesabamisi adgili konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqos

diptixSi~. ilia II-s werils dauyovnebliv upasuxa msoflio patriarqmac: `miviRe

da Sesaferisi yuradRebiT gavecaniT Cveni wmida sinodis krebaze CvenTvis Zalze

sayvareli da sasurveli Tqveni unetaresobis da wmida sinodis Zmur werils,

romelic Seexeba wmida diptixSi Tqveni eklesiis adgils istoriuli da kanonieri

monacemebiT. gacnobebT, rom igi gansaxilvelad gadaegzavna sinodis sabWos~.

1988 wlis agvistoSi kaTolikos-patriarqis mowveviT TbilisSi CamobrZanda

konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqi uwmidesi dimitriosi, romelmac moiloca

qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi, xelovnebis muzeumSi daaTvaliera qarTuli

saeklesio siwmindeni. msoflio patriarqi gaaoca eklesia-monastrebSi mrevlis,

ZiriTadad axalgazrdobis, simravlem. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi wmida

sinodis wevrebTan da qarTvel mecnierebTan gaimarTa msjeloba saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis cnobisa da

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa diptixSi VI adgilis dakavebis Sesaxeb. gadawyda,

aRniSnul sakiTxebze molaparakebebi gagrZelebuliyo.

1988-1989 wlebSi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli

avtokefaliis aRiarebis sakiTxebze molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen mitropolitebi:

qrizosTomosi da damaskinosi. patriarqi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda

yvela sityvas, romelic aRiarebis teqstSi unda Sesuliyo. molaparakebebi iyo

rTuli, magram konstruqciuli. 1990 wlis 7 ianvars (Zv. st. 25 dekembers), sionis

sapatriarqo taZarSi wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg, mitropolitma qrizosTomosma

oficialurad gamoacxada msoflio sapatriarqos gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliisa da misi meTauris sapatriarqo

titulis aRiarebis Sesaxeb.

1990 wlis 4 marts saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

meTaurma konstantinopolSi msoflio patriarq dimitriosis xelmoweriT ori

sigeli miiRo:

45

`1. saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis

cnobisa da mtkicebis sigeli~, romlis Tanaxmadac msoflio sapatriarqom miiRo

gadawyvetileba ̀ cnos da daamtkicos saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis avtokefalia

da damoukidebeli struqtura~.

2. konstantinopolis mTavarepiskoposis, axlisa romisa da msoflio

patriarqis _ dimitriosis _ ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos uwmidesi eklesia

pativdebuli iqna sapatriarqo RirsebiTa da adgiliT, rogorc adridanve

ixsenieboda uZveles qronikebsa da sxva saeklesio wyaroebSi. patriarqis

titulia: `mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTa-Tbilisisa da kaTolikos-patriarqi

sruliad saqarTveloisa~.

saqarTvelos patriarqma guliTadi madloba moaxsena msoflio

sapatriarqos istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenisaTvis da gamoTqva rwmena,

rom diptixis sakiTxic aseve samarTlianad gadawydeboda.

saqarTvelo mouTmenlad eloda misi uwmidesobis samSobloSi dabrunebas.

erTi weli sruldeboda 1989 wlis 9 aprilis tragediis sisxliani dReebidan,

erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba mkafiod ayenebda saqarTvelos

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis sakiTxs. rogorc 1917 wlis

12 (25) marts saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena win

uswrebda saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis gamocxadebas, ise moxda 73 wlis

Semdegac. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli

avtokefaliis cnobis sigelebiT xeldamSvenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi dabrunda samSobloSi. Tbilisis aeroportidan

sapatriarqo rezidenciamde bednierebisagan acremlebuli, erT muStad

Sekruli qarTveloba acilebda Tavis Rirseul sulier winamZRols. 28 marts

sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi uwmidesma da unetaresma

qarTvel ers kidev erTxel miuloca es istoriuli dRe da brZana: àmjerad

xelT gvaqvs is sabuTebi, romelTac saqarTvelo 1500 wlis manZilze eloda...

isini imdenad didi mniSvnelobis sabuTebia, rom verasdros, RvTis wyalobiT da

RvTis locva-kurTxeviT, veravin veRar Seaxebs xels saqarTvelos eklesias~.

sxva rom araferi gaekeTebina mis uwmidesobas, mis saxels mxolod es erTi

saqmec ukvdavhyofda.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia msoflio

sapatriarqosTan urTierTobas yovelTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas

aniWebda. 1991 wlis 29 aprils TurqeTis xelisuflebam stambolis meris

moadgilis meSveobiT gamoiZaxa msoflio patriarqi yovladuwmidesi dimitriosi

da mouwyo dakiTxva. TurqeTis xelisufleba XV saukunidan ar scnobs msoflio

sapatriarqos da konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqebs adgilobrivi

berZnuli Temis eklesiis meTaurebs uwodebs. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqma TurqeTis prezident Turgut ozalisadmi gagzavnil werilSi

46

xma aRimaRla msoflio sapatriarqos pativisa da Rirsebis dasacavad, dagmo

msoflio patriarqis dakiTxvis faqti da gamoTqva rwmena, rom msgavsi incidenti

ar ganmeordeboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma gaamxneva msoflio patriarqi.

`saqarTvelos sapatriarqo mudam TqvenTan iqneba~, _ ganucxada mas ilia II-m.

es moxda im dros, rodesac demokratiuli msoflios religiur konfensiaTa

liderebi TurqeTis xelisuflebis ganawyenebas moeridnen da Seqmnil viTarebaSi

dumili amjobines. Tavis mxriv, msoflio sapatriarqom mkacrad dagmo ruseTis

imperiuli politika afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi da mouwoda ruseTis

sapatriarqos, Tavi Seikavos religiuri separatizmis mxardaWerisgan.

1994 wlis maisSi konstantinopolis msoflio patriarqi yovladuwmidesi

barTolomeos I patriarqis rangSi pirvelad ewvia saqarTvelos. qveyanaSi

Seqmnili rTuli socialur-politikuri viTarebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiam Rirseuli maspinZloba gauwia mas. 2003 wlis seqtemberSi

msoflio patriarqi barTolomeos I kvlav stumrobda saqarTvelos. man

imogzaura quTais-gaenaTis, xonis, baTumisa da sxalTis eparqiebSi. moiloca

qarTuli siwmideebi. samebis mSenebare sakaTedro taZris daTvalierebis

Semdeg barTolomeos I-ma ganacxada: ès taZari iqneba didi warmateba Tqveni

kaTolikos-patriarqisa, romelsac bevri ram aqvs gakeTebuli, magram es iqneba

gvirgvini misi moRvaweobisa~ patriarqma barTolomeosma aRniSna, rom `rac

ufro meti problemebis winaSe dgas saqarTvelo, miT ufro metad izrdeba

xalxis rwmena da maTi mxurvale damokidebuleba marTlmadideblobisadmi. es

imas niSnavs, rom qarTveli xalxi problemebTan SesabrZoleblad Zalas iRebs

Semoqmedi RmerTisgan~.

msoflio patriarqis miwveviT, uwmidesi da unetaresi araerTxel

Cavida konstantinepolSi, ewvia istoriul kabadokias, moiloca istoriuli

saqarTvelos _ tao-klarjeTis _ eklesia-monastrebi, gaamxneva TurqeTis

respublikaSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamuleebi.

2011 wlis seqtemberSi TurqeTis respublikis premier-ministrma erdoRanma

gaakeTa gancxadeba TurqeTSi sxvadasxva religiuri organizaciisaTvis

sakuTrebis dabrunebis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqma uwmidesma imave wlis 26 seqtembers sagangebo weriliT mimarTa

TurqeTis premier-ministrs: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, mogesalmebiT Rrma

pativiscemiT da mogmarTavT CvenTvis mniSvnelovani erTi sakiTxis gamo.

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos respublikis (1918-1921 w.w.) aneqsiis Semdeg

saqarTvelos ar hqonda saSualeba Tavisi suverenuli uflebebisa da

erovnuli interesebis dacvisa. am periodSi sastikad idevneboda saqarTvelos

avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesia, dapatimrebuli iyo misi mmarTveli

kaTolikos-patriarqi da episkoposebi. amitomacaa, rom 1930 wels, rodesac

saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT da TurqeTis saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobiT

47

ganisazRvra ramdenime denominaciis statusi, maT Soris saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesia ver moxvda. eklesiaSi represiebi sabWoTa kavSiris

reJimis Semdgom periodSic grZeldeboda. igi moklebuli iyo saSualebas,

daecva sakuTari interesebi rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise, miTumetes, mis

farglebs gareT. arada sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom dRevandeli TurqeTis

teritoriaze araerTi uZvelesi eklesia-monasteria, romelic yovelTvis

iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis kanonikur iurisdiqciaSi. amJamad ki titulovani

episkoposebis daqvemdebarebaSi Sedis. es eklesia-monastrebi ar SeiZleba iyos

arc konstantinopolis sapatriarqosi, arc somxuri da arc romelime sxva

eklesiisa, radgan yvela niSniT es aris qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi. gTxovT,

uaxloes periodSi ganixiloTYCveni eklesiis samarTliani Txovna, TurqeTis

teritoriaze iuridiuli statusisa da eklesia-monastrebis sakuTrebis Sesaxeb.

Tqveni gancxadebebi da gansakuTrebiT bolo periodSi gadadgmuli nabijebi

erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT gvaZlevs imeds,

rom Cveni sakiTxic dadebiTad gadawydeba~.

patriarqi 2011 wlis oqtomberSi stumrobda TurqeTis respublikas.

istoriul konstantinopolSi Sexvda msoflio patriarqs barTlomeos I-s,

monawileobda misi intronizaciis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil sadResaswaulo

RonisZiebebSi. ori uZvelesi eklesiis meTaurma imsjela marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis winaSe arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb. ilia II-m gamoTqva imedi, rom

TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi daubrundeba

istoriul patrons, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias. moxdeba

dazianebuli eklesia-monastrebis aRdgena.

2013 wlis ianvarSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mcxeTa-

Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is dabadebis 80 da patriarqad aRsaydrebidan

35 wlisTavis saiubileo RonisZiebebSi monawileobis misaRebad Tbiliss estumra

msoflio patriarqi, yovladuwmidesi barTolomeosi, romelmac kidev erTxel

daadastura msoflio sapatriarqos pativiscema da siyvaruli saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mimarT, Tbilisis aeroportSi

Jurnalistebs man ganucxada: `Tan CamovitaneT Zmuri locvebi da molocvebi

konstantinopolis eklesiisa da msoflio sapatriarqosi, romelsac uZvelesi

droidan rwmenisa da siyvarulis mdidari urTierToba akavSirebs saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan. siyvaruli da TanamSromloba, romelic Cvens

eklesiebs Soris arsebobs, aris is erTaderTi stimuli, romelic am Cveni

vizitis mizezi gaxda~ _ ganacxada yovladuwmidesma barTolomeos I-ma.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis cxum-afxazeTis eparqias iq

Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis gamo xelmZRvanelobs sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II. amJamad afxazeTis teritoria okupirebulia,

48

saidanac gamodevnilia 700 000-ze meti ojaxi. qarTvel sasuliero pirebs

afxazeTis teritoriaze Sesvlis saSualeba ar aqvT. separatista erTma

jgufma, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs arqimandriti doroTei dbari, msoflio

sapatriarqos mimarTa oficialuri weriliT, romelSic araobieqturad iyo

warmoCenili cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis istoria, rom TiTqos cxum-afxazeTis

teritoriaze istoriulad arsebobda afxazTa sakaTalikoso, romelic

saqarTvelos eklesiisagan damoukideblad funqcionirebda. doroTei dbari

mouwodebda msoflio sapatriarqos eRiarebina afxazeTis damoukidebeli

eklesia. msoflio sapatriarqom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan

molaparakebis Semdeg kidev erTxel ganmarta, rom is aRiarebs saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis teritoriul avtokefalias. am

sakiTxebze msjeloba msoflio sapatriarqosTan gagrZelda 2013 wlis maisSi

stambulSi, sadac gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is Sexvedra yovladuwmides barTolomeos I-Tan.

patriarqma TbilisSi dabrunebisTanave aseTi gancxadeba gaakeTa: `Cven viyaviT

miwveuli konstantinopolSi. iq Sesrulda erToblivi wirva, gvqonda Sexvedra

msoflio patriarqTan barTolomeos I-Tan, ganvixileT sxvadasxva sakiTxebi da

yvelaferSi erTsulovneba gamovlinda. madlobeli var msoflio patriarqis

mxardaWerisaTvis. man ramdenjerme gaimeora, rom konstantinopoli cnobs

saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqcias afxazeTSi~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis delegaciam,

romelsac xelmZRvanelobda uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II 2014 wlis 5-9 marts monawileoba miiRo

panorTodoqsul Sekrebaze, romelic gaimarTa konstantinopolis msoflio

sapatriarqoSi. Sekrebaze ganxilul iqna Semdegi sakiTxebi: 1. marTlmadidebluri

diaspora: saxelmwifo sazRvrebs gareT arsebuli marTlmadidebluri

iurisdiqciis gansazRvris sakiTxi. 2. eklesiis avtokefaliis statusis aRiarebis

procedurebi. 3. eklesiis avtonomiis statusis aRiarebis procedurebi. 4.

diptiqi: marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis kanonikuri urTierTaRiarebis wesebi.

5. dResaswaulebis aRniSvnis saerTo saeklesio kalendari. 6. qorwinebis

saidumlos aRsrulebis wesebi da SezRudvebi. 7. marxvis sakiTxi Tanamedrove

msoflioSi. 8. kavSiri sxva qristianul konfesiebTan. 9. ekumenuri moZraoba. 10.

marTlmadidebeli qristianobis wvlili mSvidobis, Zmobisa da Tavisuflebis

qristianuli idealebis damyarebis saqmeSi. Sekrebaze warmodgenili iyvnen

konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, ierusalimis, moskovis, serbeTis, rumineTis,

bulgareTis, kviprosis, aTenis, praRis, albaneTis eklesiis meTaurebi. miRebul

iqna gadawyvetileba momavali panorTodoqsuli kreba gaimarTos 2016 wels.

Sekrebaze sityva warmoTqva uwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m: `Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav, msoflio

49

patriarqo barTolomeos, uwmindesno da unetaresno, qristesmier sayvarelno

Zmano, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT guliTadad mogesalmebiT

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebsa da warmomadgenlebs da aRvniSnav, rom

Cveni dRevandeli Sexvedra metad mniSvnelovania, radganac man unda ganixilos

sakiTxebi, romlebic momavali didi krebis warmatebiT Catarebis winapirobad

unda iqces.

ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia is SiSi, romelic arsebobs mrevlis

did nawilSi am saeklesio krebasTan dakavSirebiT da maqsimaluri sifrTxiliTa

da pasuxismgeblobiT unda movekidoT mis momzadebas. Tumca xazgasmiT unda

aRiniSnos, rom msoflio krebebis mowveva xdeboda mwvaleblobisagan eklesiis

dacvis da WeSmariti swavlebis ganmtkicebis mizniT. es kreba ki sxva saxisaa,

misi mowvevis safuZveli da mizezi sul sxva aris.

didi krebis mizania, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas aCvenos marTlmadidebelTa

erToba. amitomac aucilebel pirobad migvaCnia, es Sekreba Catardes mxolod

mas Semdeg, roca moxdeba dRis wesrigSi arsebul yvela sakiTxze konsensusis

miRweva da yvelas interesis gaTvaliswineba. amasTan, konsensusis wesiT

unda warimarTos mTavari Sexvedrac. es aris realuri garantia imisa, rom

aRniSnuli kreba ar iqces eklesiaTa Soris urTierTobis daZabvis mizezad da

damabrkoleblad msoflios winaSe.

veTanxmebiT im azrs, rom saWiroa ukve gavlili da SeTanxmebuli Temebis

nawilis xelaxla ganxilvac, raTa, Tanamedrove mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT,

kidev erTxel davafiqsiroT Cveni pozicia. amasTan, aTive sakiTxi, rac SemuSavda

mosamzadebel Sexvedrebze da romelTa Sesaxebac gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli

1968 wels JenevaSi gamarTul sxdomaze, momavali krebis dRis wesrigSi unda

Sevides.

minda aRvniSno uSualod saqarTvelos eklesiasTan dakavSirebuli Temebis

Sesaxebac: friad vwuxvarT imis gamo, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias

jer kidev Tavisi kuTvnili adgili ar ukavia konstantinopolis eklesiis

diptiqSi. Tu es ar gamoswordeba da yvela Tema ar iqneba Setanili momavali

krebis gansaxilvel sakiTxTa dRis wesrigSi, CvenTvis masSi monawileobis miReba

Zalian rTuli iqneba.

mogexsenebaT isic, rom Cveni qveynis teritoriuli mTlianoba darRveulia

da afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni aris Ria Wrilobebi saqarTvelos sxeulze.

irRveva saeklesio kanonikuri normebic, rodesac sxvadasxva eklesiis

warmomadgenlebi CvenTan SeuTanxmeblad da Cveni nebarTvis gareSe Cadian

afxazeTis eparqiaSi, romelic, cxinvalis regionTan erTad, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis ganuyofeli nawilia. me ar SemiZlia

Tqven winaSe ar davafiqsiro is faqti, rom saqarTvelos am orive eparqiidan

370000-ze meti devnili da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria, romlebic dRes

50

Zalian mZime gamowvevebis winaSe imyofebian; problemuria adgilze darCenilTa

mdgomareobac.

dabolos, aRvniSnav, rom oc welze metia Cvens qveyanaSi rTuli viTarebaa,

ZmaTaSoris dapirispirebis mZime Sedegebi sakuTar Tavze gvaqvs gamocdili,

amitomac mtkivneulad ganvicdiT dRes siriasa da ukrainaSi mimdinare movlenebs

da vloculobT, rom mSvidobam daisadguros am qveynebSi.

kidev erTxel mogesalmebiT yvelas da SevTxov ufals, Cveni 6-9 martis

Tavyriloba imedis momcemi da nayofieri iyos~.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisa da aleqsandriis sapatriarqos

urTierTobebi 1917-1970-ian wlebSi mxolod saaxalwlo, saaRdgomo da saSobao

milocvebiT Semoifargleboda. aleqsandriis uZveles eklesiasTan saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis daaxloebis procesi daiwyo 1976

wlidan, rodesac aleqsandriis papi da patriarqi nikoloz VI soxumSi Sexvda

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis

Tavmjdomares, cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias. mitropolitma iliam

didi STabeWdileba moaxdina aleqsandriis patriarqze. 1981 wlis ivlisSi

aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papi da patriarqi oficialuri vizitiT

estumra saqarTvelos. uwmidesma da unetaresma aleqsandriis patriarqTan

erTad moiloca saqarTvelos moqmedi eklesia-monastrebi. uwmidesi nikoloz

VI saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurs dahpirda

mxardaWeras saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis saqmeSi.

im dros, rodesac qarTveli swavlulebisaTvis sazRvargareTul qarTul

samonastro centrebSi muSaoba auxdeneli ocneba iyo, aleqsandriis patriarqma

ganacxda: ̀ didi siamovnebiT miviReb Tqven mier movlinebul qarTvel mecnierebs,

romlebic aleqsandriisa da kairos samonastro biblioTekebSi dacul qarTul

xelnawerebs Seiswavlian da maT fotopirebs gadaiReben~.

darbazobaze unetaresma nikoloz VI-m ganacxada: `kaTolikos-patriarq

ilia II-is saxe saSualebas maZlevs vTqva, rom dRes saqarTvelos eklesiaSi

batonobs sibrZne, siyvaruli da Zliereba. igi Zalze energiulad uZRveba

eklesiis saWes da RvTis Svilebi uflis mier dakanonebuli gziT mihyavs~.

1984 wlis maisSi uwmidesi oficialuri vizitiT estumra aleqsandriis

sapatriarqos, daaTvaliera adgilobrivi siwmideni, moiloca wmida ekaterines

monasteri sinas mTaze, daaTvaliera monastris unikaluri biblioTeka, sadac

qarTuli xelnaweri wignebic aris daculi. ilia II-m madloba gadauxada

aleqsandriis patriarqs da aRniSna: `Cvens xalxebs didi niWi mohmadla ufalma,

amitomac ufro mZime iyo da aris jvari Cveni erebisa; TiTqos saqristianos

sazRvrebis darajad daadgina ufalma isini, amitomac arian umetesad gvemulni

da jvarcmulni, magram, RvTis SewevniT, kvlavac mkvdreTiT aRmdgarni da

amaRlebulni~.

51

aleqsandriis uZveles sapatriarqosa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

samociqulo eklesias Soris guliTadi, megobruli urTierToba damyarda.

aleqsandriis papma da patriarqma nikoloz VI-m gansakuTrebiT Seiyvara

saqarTvelo. 1981 wlidan moyolebuli igi yovel zafxuls Camodioda

saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelosaken misi aseTi ltolva axlobelTa gaocebasac

iwvevda. ilia II qarTuli stumar-maspinZlobis wesis dacviT xvdeboda sasurvel

stumars. nikoloz VI-is poziciam gadamwyveti roli Seasrula saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis

saqmeSi. 1984 wlis zafxulSi nikoloz VI-m am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvel mrevls:

_ me albaT, metad veRar SegvxvdebiT, magram locvebiT mudam TqvenTan viqnebi.

aleqsandriis papi da patriarqi nikoloz VI 1984 wlis 9 ivliss gardaicvala.

misi saqme ganagrZes unetaresma parTeniosma da petre VII-m.

2008 wlis 28 ivliss uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is mowveviT saqarTveloSi CamobrZanda

aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis patriarqi unetaresi Teodore II.

aleqsandriis eklesiis meTaurma moiloca mcxeTa, Sio mRvime, stefanwminda,

gergeTis sameba. aleqsandriis eklesiis meTaurTan Sexvedris dros uwmidesma

da unetaresma ilia II-m brZana: `saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Cvens or eklesiasa

da sapatriarqos Soris iyo Zmoba da megobroba. minda gansakuTrebiT aRvniSno

Cveni gulTbili urTierToba, romelic daiwyo misi unetaresobis nikoloz VI-is

dros da tradiciad iqca mis Semdgomac. axla Cven winaSe devs qva, romelic dRes

aq sagangebod gamovatanine. es aris saCuqari nikoloz VI-isa, romelic maSin man

misaxsovra, roca jer kidev cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti viyavi. maxsendeba is

bednieri dRe, roca gavicani misi unetaresoba nikoloz VI. imJamad igi soWSi

isvenebda. moulodnelad damirekes da miTxres, rom unetares nikoloz VI-s surs

soxumSi Camosvla da Tqveni taZrebis molocvao. maSinve davukavSirdi sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, mis uwmidesobasa da unetaresobas daviT

V-s, magram man avadmyofobis gamo ver SeZlo soxumSi Camosvla da me damakisra

misi unetaresobis nikoloz VI-is daxvedra da maspinZloba. es iyo saocari

Sexvedra. mTeli soxumi xvdeboda mis unetaresobas da me vxedavdi, ramdenad

axarebda mas aseTi gulTbili daxvedra. igi cremls ver ikavebda. Cawerili maqvs

da inaxeba Cvens arqivSi masTan Sexvedrebi, misi sityvebi. unetaresi nikolozi

imdenad gaxarebuli iyo Cveni SexvedriT, rom gamoTqva survili, masTan erTad

gavmgzavrebuliyavi soWSi. ase ganacxada: im SemTxvevaSi davbrundebi soWSi, Tu

cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitic CvenTan erTad wamovao. da Cvenc, misi TxovniT,

soWSi gavemgzavreT da iq vimyofebodi manam, sanam igi samSobloSi ar dabrunda.

ai, ase daiwyo Cveni gansakuTrebuli megobroba, megobroba aleqsandriisa da

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoebs Soris. maxsendeba kidev erTi, metad mniSvnelovani

faqti. unetaresi nikolozi yazbegSi mivipatiJe, mindoda meCvenebina Cemi

52

mSobliuri mxare. CavediT darialis xeobaSi, mivediT qveynis sazRvarze (es

jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis xanaSi iyo) da iq vTxove mas, daeloca

saqarTvelos sazRvrebi. man Cemi Txovna Seasrula da Tqva: am sazRvrebs veravin

daarRvevs, imitom rom mravali wminda mowame hyavs saqarTvelos caTa Sina

da isini icaven Tqvens qveyanaso. imis Semdeg TiTqmis yovel wels Camodioda

saqarTveloSi misi unetaresoba nikolozi da ambobda, rom amgvarad igi

agrZelebda mociqulebriv samsaxurs.

me dRes vTxove mis unetaresobas, papsa da patriarqs aleqsandriisa da

sruliad afrikisa _ Teodores, rom manac gaagrZelos Tavisi mociqulebrivi

samsaxuri da xSirad gvestumros xolme saqarTveloSi. imedi maqvs, rom misi

unetaresoba Seasrulebs Cvens Txovnas~.

saqarTvelos patriarqis mizani iyo yvela marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan

Zmuri, megobruli urTierTobis damyareba, magram mTavari mainc pirveli oTxi

sapatriarqo iyo: konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia uZvelesi droidanve mWidrod iyo

dakavSirebuli ierusalimisa da antioqiis eklesiebTan. V saukuneSi palestinaSi

moRvaweobda petre qarTveli, romelmac daaarsa qarTuli monasteri. aqedan

moyolebuli XIX saukunemde qarTvelebi mravlad iyvnen wmida miwaze arsebul

qarTul monastrebSi. vaxtang gorgaslis dros ukve aSenda didi monasteri,

romelic XI saukunis 30-50-ian wlebSi ganuaxlebia jvris monastris saxeliT

giorgi _ proxore qarTvels. XIV saukuneSi qarTvelebi golgoTas flobdnen

da macxovris saflavis kliteni qarTvelTa sakuTreba iyo. istoriulma

qartexilebma ierusalimSi qarTvelebis poziciebi Seasusta, gansakuTrebiT

_ XIX saukuneSi, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis ruseTis eklesiis

daqvemdebarebaSi yofnis dros. ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan urTierTobis

aRdgenis yoveli mcdeloba saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis mxridan XX

saukunis 20-60-ian wlebSi uSedego aRmoCnda. mxolod 1977 wlis Semdeg daiwyo

ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan intensiuri molaparakebebi. 1980 wlis 29 maisidan

5 ivnisamde saqarTvelos patriarqi ierusalimis patriarqis, benediqte I-is

miwveviT ierusalimSi imyofeboda. mTeli msoflio gaaoca im faqtma, rom

qarTvel patriarqs aRtacebis SeZaxilebiTa da cremlebiT Sexvdnen qarTveli

ebraelebi, romlebic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurisa da,

misi saxiT, sruliad saqarTvelos mimarT udides siyvarulsa da pativiscemas

gamoxatavdnen. israelis religiis saqmeTa ministrma uwmidesTan Sexvedraze

ganacxada: _ verc erTi qveyana ver Seedreba saqarTvelos ebraelebTan Tbili,

megobruli urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT. saukuneTa manZilze am urTierTobebSi

ar yofila araviTari gaugebroba. madloba Tqven amisaTvis.

am oficialur Sexvedraze pirvelad daisva jvris monastris dabrunebis

sakiTxi. ierusalimis patriarq benediqtesTan Sexvedraze ilia II-m ganacxada:

53

`Cveni Camosvlis mizania, aRdges is Zveli, tradiciuli urTierTobani,

rac gvqonda adre. warsulSi Cveni qveynebis avbediTobam Sewyvita es Zmuri

urTierToba da dRes ki, vfiqrob, dadga dro ierusalimis eklesiam Seasrulos

is didi misia, rac deda eklesias ekuTvnis~. 300 wlis Semdeg es iyo pirveli

SemTxveva, rodesac wmida qalaq ierusalims saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis meTauri estumra.

1981 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTveloSi oficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda

wmidisa qalaqisa ierusalimis patriarqi unetaresi diodoros I, romelmac

ganacxada, rom ès Sexvedra iyo istoriuli imitom, rom pirvelad didi

xnis Semdeg Cven, ori eklesiis mamamTavrebs kvlav mogveca erToblivi

Tanamwirvelobis SesaZlebloba~.

qarTvelologiisaTvis didi didi mniSvneloba hqonda ierusalimis

patriarqis dapirebas, rom igi xelnawerTa instituts miawvdida jvris

monasterSi daculi im qarTuli xelnawerebis mikrofilmebs, romlebic aqamde

ar iyo Seswavlili. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da

ierusalimis sapatriarqos Soris aRdga istoriuli urTierTobani.

1987 wlis oqtomberSi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kvlav estumra wmida

qalaq ierusalims. am vizitis dros msofliom TvalnaTliv dainaxa qarTveli

eris tolerantobisa da sxva erebisadmi sanimuSo pativiscemis nayofi.

qarTveli ebraelebi kvlav didi siyvaruliT Seegebnen sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqs _ didi xnis win Tbilisidan, quTaisidan, zestafonidan,

onidan, kulaSidan wasuli ebraelebi modiodnen SvilebiT, SviliSvilebiT

da aRtacebulni ovaciebs umarTavdnen uwmidessa da unetaress. ierusalimis

mTavarma Jurnalma statiaSi _ `saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia

II-is piligrimoba ierusalimSi~ _ ase daaxasiaTa saqarTvelos eklesiis

saWeTmyrobeli: ̀ kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II aris gulRia, dinamiuri pirovneba.

man saqarTvelos uZvelesi eklesia, Tbilisi, rogorc sabWoTa kavSiris erT-

erTi respublikis centri, Zveli mcxeTa, rogorc sasuliero dedaqalaqi,

axali ayvavebis gziT waiyvana. aRsrulda patriarqis survili, ierusalimSi

ukve qarTveli berebi da monazvnebi arian. RvTis SewevniT wmida miwaze

qarTvelebs aqvT adgili, sadac aSendeba monasteri. marTalia, jvris monasteri

jerjerobiT isev berZnebis xelSia, magram RvTis SewevniT daubrundeba mis

kanonier mflobels~. 1997 wlidan aRdgomis kviraSi qarTveli momlocvelebi

ierusalimidan moabrZaneben RvTaebriv cecxls, romelic Semdeg patriarqis

kurTxeviT ganefineba sruliad saqarTveloSi. 2000 wels qristeSobis did

dResaswaulze saqarTvelos patriarqi mravalricxovan mrevlTan erTad kvlav

CabrZanda ierusalimSi.

2012 wlis TebervalSi uwmidesi da unetaresi oficialuri vizitiT

imyofeboda wmida miwaze. vizitis farglebSi igi Sexvda ierusalimis patriarqs

54

unetares Teofiles, moiloca macxovris saflavi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis

locva-kurTxeviT Tbilisis feriscvalebis monastris monazvnebma moamzades

5 metri sigrZisa da 3,6 metri siganis oqromkerdiT naqargi gadasafarebeli,

romelzedac gamosaxulia sicocxlis xe ebraeli eris 12 StoTi. SuaSi

gvirgvins aqvs warwera daviTis fsalmunidan: ùfalma mwysos eri Tvisi,

ufalma akurTxos eri Tvisi mSvidobiT~. es gadasafarebeli miarTves wm. mefe

daviTis saflavs. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Sexvda israelis prezidents

Simon peress, palestinis prezidents mahmud abass, iordaniis mefes, israelSi

mcxovreb qarTvel ebraelebs; uwmidesma da unetaresma moiloca qarTvelTa

jvris monasteri. patriarqi Cavida mdinare iordaneSi. 26 Tebervals samebis

sakaTedro taZarSi wirvis Semdeg ilia II-m Seajama wmida miwaze vizitis Sedegebi

da aRniSna: ̀ wmida miwaze aris udidesi siwmide, magram isic icodeT, rom, amasTan

erTad, aseve aris didi brZolebic. keTili da boroti gansakuTrebiT wmida

miwaze ibrZvis. Cven, garda amisa, rom moviloceT siwmideebi, aseve gvqonda

ramdenime Sexvedrac. upirveles yovlisa, viyaviT macxovris yovladwmida

saflavze. es momlocveloba iyo Cemi meoTxed Casvla wmida miwaze da minda

giTxraT, rom verc erTi wina mogzauroba ver Seedreboda amas. ufali Zalian

axlos iyo saqarTvelosTan da me es SevigrZeni, magram amasTan erTad aseve

vigrZeni, ramdenad uRirsi varT yvelani, mTeli saqarTvelo, piradad me da

ramdenad didia mowyaleba uflisa. Cven sxva araferi SegveZlo da SevTxoveT

ufals, rom mudam CvenTan iyos, rogorc brZanebs daviT winaswarmetyveli:

ùfalo, Seni var, macxovne me!~ Sen ici, ufalo, ra gzebiT unda mataro, rom

macxovno me! Cven saqarTvelodan Sesawirad waviReT gadasafarebeli wmida mefe

daviT winaswarmetyvelis saflavisaTvis. es iyo raRac saocari zeimi, iseTi

grZnoba dagveufla, TiTqos daviT mefec iRebda monawileobas am zeimSi da

daviT mefem Seiwira Cveni ZRveni, rogorc udidesi saCuqari. saocreba iyo

mdinare iordaneSi Casvla. ufali idga Cven Soris da Cven SevediT da veziareT

am madlsa da wyalobas. saocari iyo aseve Cveni Sesvla ierusalimis jvris

monasterSi... Cven, qarTveli morwmuneni, imdeni viyaviT, rom xalxs ver itevda

monasteri. `qriste aRsdga~, _ vgalobdiT qarTvelebi. amis Semyure iq myofni

gaocebulni iyvnen. es iyo SeerTeba cisa da qveynisa! WeSmaritad iq gamTlianda

ca da qveyana~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiisaTvis

didmniSvnelovani movlena iyo antioqiis sapatriarqosTan istoriuli

urTierTobis aRdgena. saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad

gamocxadebis Semdeg (IV-V s.s.). qarTuli samwyso antioqiis sapatriarqos

iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. antioqiis patriarqebs Sua saukuneebSi pretenzia

hqondaT qarTul samwysoze, magram XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi giorgi

mTawmindelis dasabuTebuli pasuxis Semdeg, romelmac antioqiis patriarqs

55

Seaxsena saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samociqulo warmomavloba,

pretenziebi Sewyda. XV-XIX saukuneebSi, mahmadianTa mZlavrobis xanaSi, antioqiis

sapatriarqo, romelic bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda, umZimes viTarebaSi

aRmoCnda, Tumca sapatriarqom moaxerxa Tavis gadarCena da aRmosavleTis

(siria, libani) qristianuli centris funqcia SeinarCuna. marTlmadidebel

eklesiaTa Soris didi avtoritetis mqone antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis

patriarqi, unetaresi egnate IV 1981 wlis oqtomberSi oficialuri vizitiT

estumra saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias. ilia II-m sapatio

stumars daaTvalierebina Tbilisisa da mcxeTis RirsSesaniSnaobani, Sesrulda

erToblivi wirva. sazeimo miRebaze gamoiTqva rwmena, rom urTierToba, romelic

am or eklesias saukuneTa manZilze hqonda, kidev ufro gaRrmavdeboda.

2012 wlis 5 dekembers gardaicvala unetaresi egnate IV, romelic 33

wlis manZilze saTaveSi edga antioqiis uZveles eklesias da bevri gaakeTa

marTlmadidebeli qristianobis ganmtkicebisaTvis aRmosavleTSi. 2013 wlis

10 Tebervals damaskoSi Sedga antioqiis eklesiis axali meTauris unetaresi

ioane X-is intronizacia. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m axladarCeuli

patriarqisadmi gagzavnil milocvis werilSi gamoTqva imedi, rom Cvens

eklesiebs Soris gagrZeldeba Zmuri TanamSromloba. àntioqiis kaTedra

cnobilia mravali wmida patriarqiT. dRes Tqven geboZaT kverTxi antioqiis

eklesiis meTaurisa da es uZvelesi taxti Tavis istoriul arsebobas Cvens

mZime da mRelvare droSi ukve Tqveni mmarTvelobis qveS ganagrZobs. Cvens

eklesias gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba aqvs antioqiis wmida saydrisadmi,

romelic istoriulad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis dedaeklesia

iyo, amitomac gamorCeulia Cveni Tqvendami damokidebuleba... imedi gvaqvs, rom

urTierToba Cvens eklesiebs Soris Tqveni patriarqobis periodSi kidev ufro

gamtkicdeba, rasac saqarTvelos eklesia miesalmeba~.

patriarqma misi moRvaweobidan gamomdinare, yovelTvis kargad icoda, rom

marTlmadidebel msoflioSi eqvsi berZnuli sapatriarqo yvela mniSvnelovani

sakiTxis gadaWrisas gadamwyvet rols asrulebda. garda amisa, sazRvargareT

arsebuli qarTuli istoriuli samonastro centrebis umravlesoba am eqvsi

sapatriarqos teritoriazea. amitom Cveni eklesiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba

hqonda megobruli urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas aTenisa da sruliad eladis,

kviprosis eklesiebTan. jer kidev cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitobis dros,

1976 wlis ivnisSi, igi iyo uSualo maspinZeli aTenisa da eladis eklesiebis

mravalricxovani delegaciisa, romelSic 7 mitropoliti da 11 mRvdeli Sedioda.

mitropolit ilias aseTi Canaweri aqvs gakeTebuli: `pirvelad erTgvari eWvis

TvaliT gviyurebdnen, igrZnoboda raRac daZabuloba da undobloba berZnebis

mxridan, Semdeg TiTqos galRva yinuli... maT gamoTqves survili CvenTan

TanamSromlobisa, moiTxoves studentebis gacvla. saqarTvelos eklesiam

56

xelidan ar unda gauSvas es momenti. studentebis gagzavniT mivaRwevT sam

mizans: 1. SeviZenT berZnuli enis specialistebs; 2. qarTuli eklesia maTi

meSveobiT ufro daukavSirdeba berZnul eklesias; 3. am studentebis meSveobiT

Cveni eklesia da qarTveli mecnierebi daukavSirdebian aTonis iverTa monasters

da iq dacul qarTul xelnawerebs~.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is ZalisxmeviT aTenisa da eladis

eklesiasTan damyarda megobruli urTierToba. 2002 wels aTenisa da

sruliad eladis mTavarepiskoposi qristodulosi Camovida saqarTveloSi,

Sexvda mis uwmidesobas, wmida sinods, qarTvel mecnierebs, eladis eklesiis

meTauri aRafrTovana saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis aRmavlobam

da saqarTvelos eklesiasTan urTierTobis kidev ufro gaRrmavebis survili

gamoTqva. man aRniSna: Cveni dRevandeli Tanamwirveloba aris umaRlesi

gamoxatuleba moZme eklesiebis saWeTmpyrobelTa erTianobisa da warmoadgens

beWeds gaazrebuli, ormxrivi siyvarulisa da urTierTrwmenisa.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias Zmuri urTierToba aqvs kviprosis

eklesiasTan. kviprosis respublikis pirveli prezidenti iyo mTavarepiskoposi

makariosi. kviprosis teritoriaze XI saukunidan arsebobda Raliis qarTuli

monasteri, romelic aRadgina dekanozma zaqariam (feraZe). 2014 wlis 17-

22 oqtombers uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kviprosSi imyofeboda axali

iustinianisa da sruliad kviprosis mTavarepiskoposis unetaresi qrizostoros

II-is miwveviT. patriarqma moiloca kviprosis siwmindeni da aRniSna: ùZvelesi

saukuneebis manZilze saqarTvelos mWidro kavSiri hqonda kviprosTan da mravali

qarTuli taZari da monasteri iyo aq~. patriarqma daadastura saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis uryevi neba kidev ufro gaaRrmavos

urTierToba kviprosis marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias sxvadasxva dros

estumrnen bulgareTis patriarqi maqsime, rumineTis patriarqi Teoqstite,

Cexoslovakiis eklesiis meTauri doroTeosi, varSavisa da poloneTis

mitropoliti vasili, serbeTis patriarqi pavle; amerikisa da kanadis

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurebi: jer _ Teodosi, Semdeg _ hermane.

2015 wlis 25-28 aprils saqarTvelos stumrobda amerikis marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis winamZRoli, vaSingtonis mitropoliti, sruliad amerikisa da kanadis

mTavarepiskoposi tixoni, romelmac uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-Tan

Sexvedrisas brZana: `madlobas gwiravT im mzrunvelobisaTvis, romelsac Tqven

yovelTvis iCendiT amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da misi meTauris, Cemi

winamorbedebis mimarT. aseve gixdiT madlobas im mogonebebisaTvis, romlebic

ukavSirdeba Tqvens vizits aSS-Si 1998 wels, rodesac ewvieT wmida tisnionis

monasters pensilvaniaSi, sadac, rogorc ubralo beri, 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi

vcxovrobdi. mowiwebiT vixri Tavs saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe, romelic 2000

57

wlis ganmavlobaSi sakuTari sisxlis fasad icavda qristianobas~. amerikis

axalgazrda marTlmadidebeli eklesia momavalSi kidev ufro gaaRrmavebs

urTierTobas saqarTvelos eklesiasTan.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II xSirad stumrobda msoflio marTlmadidebel

eklesiebs, xvdeboda ara marto eklesiaTa meTaurebs, aramed _ qveynis

politikur liderebsac. misi uwmidesoba Tavis misasalmebel sityvas yvelgan

saqarTvelos istoriis, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis unikalurobisa da

TavisTavadobis raobis ganmartebiT iwyebda. gasuli saukunis 70-90-ian wlebSi

msofliom Zalian cota ram icoda saqarTveloze, qarTvel xalxze. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri iyo qarTveli eris is

sulieri winamZRoli, romelsac msofliosaTvis unda gaecno yovelive es. am

Sexvedrebma, patriarqis saocarma pirovnulma xiblma da misma daucxromelma

mcdelobam msoflios marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis TvalSi kidev ufro amaRla

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtoriteti. amitom iyo, rom 1990 wels, rodesac

msoflio sapatriarqom aRiara saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis istoriuli avtokefalia, yvelam mxari dauWira da sagangebo molocvebi

gamougzavna saqarTvelos patriarqs.

2013 wlis ianvarSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II aRsaydrebis

35 da dabadebis 80 wlisTavis saiubileo RonisZiebebi, romelSic msoflio

patriarqis yovladuwmidesi barTolomeosis garda monawileobdnen: serbeTis

eklesiis meTauri uwmidesi irineosi, bulgareTis patriarqis mosaydre varnisa

da veliki preslavis mitropoliti kirile, CexeTisa da slovakeTis eklesiis

meTauri unetaresi qristefore, ufro adre saqarTveloSi stumrad imyofeboda

albaneTis eklesiis meTauri unetaresi anastasiosi.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia istoriulad, qveynis

geostrategiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas

aniWebda gansxvavebul religiur konfesiebTan urTierTobas, romelic

urTierTpativiscemis principebs eyrdnoboda. Sua saukuneebSi monRolebis,

iranelebisa da osmalebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi qarTveli mefeebi da kaTolikos-

patriarqebi cdilobdnen, dasavleT evropis qveynebTan mokavSireobiT

ganemtkicebinaT saxelmwifoebrioba da daecvaT marTlmadidebluri qristianuli

sarwmunoeba. am miznebs emsaxureboda qarTvel mefeTa da kaTolikos-patriarqTa

werilebi, gagzavnili romauli kaTolikuri eklesiis meTaurebisadmi. romis

kaTolikurma eklesiam isargebla aRmosavleTis qveynebis mZime politikuri da

ekonomikuri mdgomareobiT da `propaganda de fides~ organizaciis meSveobiT

aRmosavleTis qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic, kaTolikobis mqadageblebad

gamogzavna misionerebi, romelnic cdilobdnen mosaxleobis darwmunebas imaSi,

rom Tu marTlmadideblobas datovebdnen da kaTolikobaze gadavidodnen,

romis papi daicavda maT iran-osmaleTis Zalmomreobisagan. XV saukunis 30-ian

58

wlebSi qarTvelma sasuliero pirebma xeli ar moaweres ferara-florenciis

krebis oqms, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

kaTolikurTan gaerTianebas iTvaliswinebda.

bevri ubedureba gadaitana saqarTvelom XVI-XIX saukuneebSi: masobrivi

xocva-Jleta, eklesia-monastrebis rbeva, magram mosaxleobis umravlesobam

mtkiced SeinarCuna marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba. XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi iran-

osmaleTis mier dapyrobil qarTul miwa-wyalze romis papis mier gamogzavnilma

misionerebma moaxerxes qarTvelTa mcire nawilis kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze

gadayvana... XIX saukuneSi somxebma, ruseTis saimperatoro xelisuflebaSi

TavianTi momxreebis meSveobiT, imperator nikoloz II-s gamoacemines kanoni,

romlis Tanaxmadac qarTveli kaTolikeebi somxeTis monofizituri eklesiis

iurisdiqciaSi unda gadasuliyvnen, e.i. gasomxebuliyvnen. am viTarebaSi

qarTveli marTlmadideblebi gamoesarClnen istoriuli Znelbedobis Jams

sarwmunoebaSecvlil TanamoZmeebs. es dava gagrZelda XX saukunis pirvel

meoTxedSic. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgenis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqma kirion II-m werili gaugzavna romis paps.

`gangebaman RmrTisaman, _ aRniSnavda uwmidesi kirion II, _ ara ucxo qmna eklesiai

Cueni hromTaTvis didisa, petre da andria pirvelwodebulTa, maT mowafeTa

qristeisaTa, romelTa Tesli ubiwod ganabnies, marTalsa sarwmunoebisai ars

siyvaruli da Tvisobai orTa amaT eklesiisTai~. uwmidesi kirion II esarCleboda

qarTvel kaTolikeebs, romelnic idevnebodnen rusul-somxuri politikis gamo

sakuTar samSobloSi. `vsasoeb, viTarmed uwmidesobai Seni ara ugulebelyofs

qarTvel kaTolikeTa erovnul-sarwmunoebriv xasiaTs~ _ werda misi uwmidesoba.

marTlmadidebeli qarTveli patriarqi gamoesaCrla ra kaTolikuri

aRmsareblobis qarTvelebs, romis paps megobroba da TanamSromloba SesTavaza.

saqarTvelosa da romaul-kaTolikur eklesiaTa Soris urTierToba

epistolarul formas ar gascilebia 1917-1977 wlebSi. 1978 wels saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare,

cxum-afxazeTis mTavarepiskoposi nikolozi (maxaraZe) eswreboda romis papis

pavle II-is dakrZalvas, xolo 1980 wlis 5-6 ivniss kaTolikos-patriarqi

ilia II oficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda vatikanSi, sadac Sexvda romis paps.

Uuwmidesisa da unetaresis saarqivo CanawerebSi vkiTxulobT: ̀ papi ioane pavle II

Semxvda karebTan. gadavexvieT erTmaneTs, qarTulad mivmarTe: `qarTveli erisa

da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT guliTadad

mogesalmebiT. saqarTvelos eklesia didi sixaruliTa da kmayofilebiT Sexvda

im faqts, rom papi polonelia, mcire eris warmomadgeneli. igi ufro gaigebs

mcire erebis problemebs Tanamedrove msoflioSi~. papi yuradRebiT mismenda

(Tarjimani Targmnida), Semdeg sxva magidasTan mivida, saidanac moitana rukebis

atlasi, gadaSala evropis ruka, sadac saqarTveloc Canda. daxeda da mere

59

mommarTa: Cveni qveynebi Zalian hgvanan erTmaneTs Tavisi warsuliT. moxaza

saqarTvelo da Tqva: samxreTiT Zlieri muslimanuri qveynebia. me davumate:

maTgan bevri gansacdeli gvinaxavs. paps ainteresebda eklesiisa da xelisuflebis,

konstantinopolisa da ruseTis sapatriarqosTan urTierTobis sakiTxebi~.

saqarTvelos eklesiis delegaciam daaTvaliera vatikanis biblioTeka,

papis piradi samlocvelo, vatikanis RirsSesaniSnaobani. gadawyda, rom qarTveli

mecnierebi daeSvaT vatikanis arqivebSi qarTul dokumentebze samuSaod.

romis papma mis uwmidesobas gadasca vatikanis arqivebSi daculi im sabuTebis

mikrofilmebi, romelnic saqarTvelos istorias exeboda. ilia II-m ganacxada:

Cveni eklesiebis gayofis miuxedavad, yovelTvis gvqonda kulturuli da

mecnieruli TanamSromloba, saqarTvelos eklesia da qarTveli xalxia is didi

xidi, romelic aerTianebda evropisa da aziis or did kulturas.

gamarTlda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is mosazreba. polonuri

warmoSobis axalma papma didi roli Seasrula aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi

komunisturi ideologiisa da socialisturi sistemis rRvevis saqmeSi.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg TbilisSi

gaixsna vatikanis saelCo, kavkasiaSi romaul-kaTolikuri eklesiis saepiskoposo.

1999 wels saqarTvelos prezidentisa da patriarqis mowveviT saqarTveloSi

oficialuri vizitiT Camovida romis papi ioane pavle II. uwmidesma da unetaresma

ilia II-m Tbilisis aeroportSi romis papTan Sexvedris dros ganacxada, rom

es viziti didi mniSvnelobisaa rogorc saqarTvelosaTvis, ise _ mTlianad

kavkasiisaTvis. saqarTvelos patriarqma da romis papma SeimuSaves erToblivi

mimarTva, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo: `Cven vimyofebiT kavkasiis regionSi,

saqarTveloSi, am gansakuTrebuli geopolitikuri da istoriuli mniSvnelobis

mqone regionSi, romelic aerTianebs evropisa da aziis, dasavleTisa da

aRmosavleTis kulturebs. dRes am regionSi, iseve rogorc msoflios sxvadasxva

qveyanaSi, situacia metad daZabulia. am umniSvnelovanes etapze msoflio

valdebulia moaxdinos Tavisi sulieri, inteleqtualuri da fizikuri Zalebis

mobilizeba globaluri katastrofis Tavidan asacileblad. romis eklesiasa

da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiebs Soris urTierToba

ZiriTadad politikur, kulturul sferoSi viTardeba~.

miuxedavad amgvari urTierTobisa, 2003 wlis 15 seqtembers vatikanma,

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis gverdis avliT,

moindoma qarTul saxelmwifosTan gansakuTrebuli xelSekrulebis

gaformeba, romelic 27 muxlisgan Sedgeboda da saqarTveloSi kaTolikuri

eklesiis uflebebis gafarToebisaken iyo mimarTuli. saqarTvelos

sapatriarqom specialuri gancxadebiT gaaprotesta es faqti da aRniSna, rom

vatikans aseTi xelSekruleba arcerT marTlmadideblur saxelmwifosTan

ara aqvs gaformebuli. xalxi quCaSi gamovida, xelisufleba iZulebuli

60

gaxda, xelSekruleba aRar gaeformebina. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesia pativs scems im mcirericxovan qarTvel TanamemamuleTa

religiur grZnobebs, romelTa winaprebic istoriuli Znelbedobis Jams

kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze gadavidnen, magram arasodes daxuWavs Tvals

romaul-kaTolikuri eklesiis warmomadgenelTa aqtiuri prozelitizmis

politikaze da moTminebiT Seaxsenebs Tavis Tanamemamuleebs, rom

Znelbedoba iyo maTi winaprebis kaTolikobaze gadasvlis mizezi. erTiani

qarTuli erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebis safuZveli saqarTve-loSi

yovelTvis iyo marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba da eklesia.

mravalsaukunovania qarTveli da somexi xalxebis urTierToba. am

urTierTobebSi negatiurs pozitiuri sWarbobs. VII saukunis dasawyisidan

qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris moxda evqaristuli kavSiris gawyveta,

vinaidan somxurma eklesiam ar miiRo 451 wlis qalkedonis saeklesio krebis

gadawyvetilebani; miuxedavad amisa, qarTveli da somexi xalxi erTad ibrZoda

arabi, Turq-selCuki, monRoli, iraneli da osmalo dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg.

Sua saukuneebSi qarTuli saxelmwifo da qarTveli mefeebi _ bagrat IV, daviT

IV, giorgi III, Tamari, giorgi brwyinvale, aleqsandre I, vaxtang V, vaxtang VI,

erekle II, Teimuraz II _ yovelnairad exmarebodnen mtrebisgan Seviwroebul

somxebs, romlebic tovebdnen TavianT samSoblos da saqarTvelos afarebdnen

Tavs. Tu XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi irani da osmaleTi marTlmadidebel qristianebs

sastikad sdevnida, samagierod, srul Tavisulebas aZlevda kaTolikeebsa da

monofizit somxebs, riTac isargebles eCmiaZinis somexTa kaToli-kosebma da

daiwyes religiuri eqspansia saqarTveloSi. aq maT miiTvises mravali eklesia-

monasteri da isini somxur yaidaze gadaakeTes.

XIX saukuneSi kavkasiis centrad gamocxadebul TbilisSi gaaqtiurda

mravalricxovani somxuri diaspora. romelmac isargebla saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebiTa da rusi egzarqosebis xelSewyobiT da kidev

ufro gaaZliera religiuri eqspansia. amis winaaRmdeg xma aimaRles episkoposma

kirionma, ivane gvaramaZem, mixeil TamaraSvilma, ilia WavWavaZem, akaki

wereTelma, iakob gogebaSvilma, vaJa-fSavelam... miuxedavad amisa, qarTvelobam

mainc gauwoda daxmarebis xeli somxebs 1914-1918 wlebis pirveli msoflio

omis dros osmaleTSi datrialebuli masobrivi xocva-Jletisas da aTasobiT

ltolvili Seifara...

1917 wlis 25 seqtembers TbilisSi yovelTa somexTa kaTolikosis gevorq

V-is (Tbilelis) depeSa movida. igi uwmidessa da unetares kirion II-s kaTolikos-

patriarqad arCevas ulocavda. saqarTvelos eklesia Tvlida, rom, konfensiuri

sxvaobis miuxedavad, somxur samociqulo eklesiasTan normaluri urTierToba

aucilebeli iyo. uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II-m weriliT mimarTa yovelTa

somexTa kaTolikos gevorq V-s. es werili, erTi mxriv, daxvewili diplomatiisa

61

da meore mxriv, marTlmadidebeli patriarqis aramarTlmadidebeli eklesiis

meTaurisadmi damokidebulebis brwyinvale nimuSia. uwmidesi kirion II werda:

`mimovixilav garemosa Cemsa da TvalTa gonebisa Cemisa Sevayeneb RvTismoSiSsa

ersa zeda haikanisasa Zmuri naTesaobiT qarTlosian-haosianTa... mogikiTxav,

uwmideso meufeo, raTa wrfiTa da RvawliTa CueniTa aRdgenil iqnas erToba

Cvendami rwmunebulTa erTa. erTobas vityvi ara sarwmunoebriv-dogmatursa,

aramed moqalaqeobriv-ganmaTleblobisasa, raTa daemyaros Cuen Soris Zmobai

da urTierTs gulisxmavyoT. da raiTa samSoblos Sina Cuenisa daamkvidros

sasufeveli RmrTisai~.

1922 wels saqarTveloSi Camovida TbilisSi dabadebuli da nersesianis

saxelobis somxuri seminariis yofili studenti kaTolikosi gevorq V. igi

Sexvda da qarTul enaze esaubra uwmidessa da unetares ambrosis. 1923-1940-ian

wlebSi qarTul-somxuri saeklesio urTierToba epistolaruli xasiaTisa iyo.

1945 wlidan intensiuri gaxda urTierTobebi uwmides kalistratesa da Tbilisis

somxuri eparqiis yofil episkoposs, imxanad yovelTa somexTa kaTolikos

gevorq VI-s Soris. somxuri eklesiis axali meTauri kaTolikosi vazgen I xSirad

stumrobda saqarTvelos. gasaocari iyo misi intuicia da diplomatiuri niWi.

ukve 1962 wlidan igi saaxalwlod misaloc baraTebs ugzavnida jer iRumen,

Semdeg arqimandrit, Semdeg ki _ mRvdelmTavar ilia SiolaSvils. 1961 wels

vazgen I pirvelad Sexvda arqimandrit ilias da ganWvrita misi didi momavali.

1977 wlis 25 dekembers kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma mcxeTaSi ganacxada: `qarTuli

eklesia msoflios erT-erTi yvelaze unikaluri Zeglia... Zegli, romelic

qarTveli eris suls ganasaxierebs. me mwams am sulis ukvdaveba, rogorc mwams

ukvdaveba TviT qarTveli erisa~.

1978 wlis maisSi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II somxeTs stumrobda.

eCmiaZinSi kaTolikosma vazgen I-ma Tavis xalxs Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa:

`CvenTan imyofeba uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqi ilia II. unda aRiniSnos, rom igi axali arCeulia patriarqad. am

umaRlesi da uwmidesi msaxurebisaTvis sagrZnoblad axalgazrdaa, mxne, jan-

RoniT savse da, rac mTavaria, didi codniTa da gamocdilebiT SeiaraRebuli...

Tavis samSobloSi mas yurs ugdeben, misi swamT, misi sjeraT, mas afaseben. aseTi

didi siyvaruli Tavisi erisa bevrs ar ergeba wilad. es man didi sulieri

simaRliT moipova~.

patriarqma madloba moaxsena somexTa kaTolikoss da uTxra, rom is, rac

XII saukuneSi daviT aRmaSenebelma gaakeTa saqarTvelosaTvis, is Tqven somxeTis

eklesiaSi XX saukunis 50-70-ian wlebSi SeZeliTo.

patriarqi amis Semdeg araerTxel estumra somxeTs iseve, rogorc

kaTolikosi vazgen I stumrobda saqarTvelos.

1978 wlis noemberSi libanis dedaqalaq beiruTSi, sadac somexTa meore

62

religiuri centri, kilikiis somexTa sakaTolikosoa, mahmadianma teroristebma

somxebis masobrivi xocva-Jleta moawyves. saqarTvelos patriarqma oficialur

gancxadebaSi dagmo es vandaluri aqti da somex xalxs sruli mxardaWera

gamoucxada. ̀ Cven, qarTvelebi, _ aRniSna man, _ istoriis dasabamidan vcxovrobT

uZvelesi kulturisa da tradiciis mqone somexi xalxis mezoblad. am xnis

manZilze erTad gadagvitania mravali gansacdeli, mterTa Semoseva da sxva

bedukuRmarTobani, da ar SegviZlia gulgrili davrCeT maT TanamemamuleTa

tragediis mimarT~.

patriarqis am gancxadebam saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi somxebis didi

kmayofileba gamoiwvia. amis dasturi iyo axalqalaqeli x. ovsepianis

gamoxmaureba: `vbedav da mogaxsenebT udides madlobas Tqven, saqarTvelos

didebul kaTolikos-patriarqs. somexi xalxi arasodes ar daiviwyebs Tqvens

maRaladamianuri da moqalaqeobrivi siyvaruliT savse TanagrZnobas~.

uwmidesi ilia II 1980 wels gamoesarCla eCmiaZinis sakaTolikosos,

rodesac sazRvargareTeli somexi kaTolikeni lanZRavdnen da amcrobdnen mis

mniSvnelobas. yovelive amas kargad xedavda kaTolikosi vazgen I da cdilobda,

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiasTan urTierTobaSi daecva taqti da

yofiliyo misi pativismcemeli. uwmidesma saTanado pativi miago kaTolikos

vazgen I-is xsovnas 1994 wels eCmiaZinSi da sagulisxmo sityva warmoTqva: ̀ didia

mwuxareba somxeTis samociqulo eklesiisa da somexi xalxisa, igi emSvidobeba

Tavis Rirseul da brZen mamamTavars, romelic 39 wlis manZilze, urTules

pirobebSi, iyo saWeTmpyrobeli eCmiaZinis uZvelesi sakaTolikoso taxtisa... im

dros, rodesac SezRuduli iyo kavSiri ucxoeTTan, man moaxerxa urTierToba

daemyarebina iq myof samwysosTan, gaeRrmavebina maTSi samSoblos siyvaruli,

gaemTlianebina eri... SevTxov ufals, raTa misi ukvdavi suli daawesos im

savaneSi, romelSic somexi xalxis didebuli winaparni ganisveneben~.

kaTolikos vazgen I-is gza ganagrZo kilikiuri warmoSobis axalma

kaTolikosma garegin I-ma, romelmac 1997 wels imogzaura saqarTveloSi,

moixibla Cveni qveyniT, misi didebuli taZrebiT, istoriiT. samwuxarod,

igi male gardaicvala. amis Semdeg somxur eklesiaSi gaZlierda qarTuli

eklesia-monastrebis miTvisebis, istoriis falsifikaciis tendencia.

somxuri sakaTolikosos xelSewyobiT, erevanSi gamodis ruka-cnobarebi,

samecniero wignebi, romlebSic gayalbebulia saqarTvelos istoria,

somxuradaa gamocxadebuli 650-ze meti qarTuli eklesia. somxur saeklesio

internetsaitebze vrceldeba iseTi informaciebi, romlebic xels ar uwyobs

ori mezobeli xalxisa da eklesiis megobrul urTierTobas.

qarTul-somxuri urTierTobebi iyo ganxilvis mTavari Temebi, 2011 wlis

ivnisSi, saqarTveloSi yovelTa somexTa umaRlesi patriarq-kaTolikosis

garegin II-is oficialuri vizitis dros. ilia II-m somxeT-saqarTvelos

63

sazRvrispira sofel sadaxloSi garegin II-sTan Sexvedrisas ganacxada: ìmedi

maqvs, rom Tqveni viziti kidev ufro ganamtkicebs qarTvel da somex xalxebs

Soris urTierTobebs~. Tavis mxriv, garegin II-m aRniSna: `moxaruli var, rom

saSualeba momeca Camovsuliyavi saqarTveloSi. aq vimyofebi, rogorc Tqveni

piradi mopatiJebiT, aseve somexTa Temis kerZo mowveviT. TqvenTan erTad

minda davloco Cveni erebi, Cveni STamomavloba. Cven unda gavaZlieroT maTSi

qristianobis siyvaruli, megobroba da aseve rwmena RvTisadmi~. saqarTvelos

sapatriarqoSi oficialuri miRebisas ilia II-m aRniSna: `didad vafaseb Tqvens

istorias, kulturas, Tqvens warsuls, gmirobas... roca uWirda somxeTs,

uWirda saqarTvelos da roca uWirda saqarTvelos, uWirda somxeTsac.

amitom is Zmuri urTierToba, romelic odiTganve arsebobda Cven Soris,

kvlavac unda gagrZeldes~. somexTa kaTolikosma oficialur Sexvedraze

isaubra saqarTvelos sulieri gabrwyinebisa da winsvlis Sesaxeb da mianiSna,

rom Cveni eklesia saqarTveloSi Tavisi mowodebis Sesrulebisas garkveul

siZneleebs ganicdiso. saqme exeboda somxuri eparqiis iuridiul statuss,

sadao eklesiebis sakuTrebas. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m pirdapir

moaxsena stumars: ra statusic eqneba saqarTvelos eklesias somxeTSi, igive

statusi eqneba somxeTis eklesias saqarTveloSi; rac Seexeba taZrebis sakiTxs:

es moTxovnebi, romlebic arsebobs qarTvelebis mxridan somxeTisadmi da Tavis

mxriv, somxeTis pretenziebi saqarTvelos mimarT, samecniero doneze unda

ganvixiloT. patriarqma stumrebs ganumarta: àr SeiZleba urTierTobebsa

da problemebze calmxrivad saubari. urTierToba ormxrivi unda iyos. roca

vsaubrobT ama Tu im eklesiis dabrunebaze, kargad unda dadgindes, Tu vis

ekuTvnoda igi warsulSi... qarTvelebsac gvaqvs Cveni moTxovnebi. imedi maqvs,

rom Tqveni uwmidesoba xels Segviwyobs Cveni eklesiebisa da monastrebis

dabrunebaSi. Cvens urTierTobebSi, romelic samagaliTo unda iyos, ar SeiZleba

arsebobdes mxolod calmxrivi moZraoba, interesebi ormxrivad unda iyos

gaTvaliswinebuli~.

saqarTvelos patriarqi Tavis gamosvlaSi gulisxmobda istoriul lore-

taSiris raionSi, romelic 1921 wlamde saqarTvelos kuTvnileba iyo, arsebul

eklesia-monastrebs, maT Soris axtalis, qobaieris, xainanis, axkerpis eklesiebs.

somxuri mxare mzad iyo am sakiTxebze damatebiTi konsultaciisaTvis, magram

2011 wlis 5 ivliss saqarTvelos parlamentis mier religiuri gaerTianebebis

Sesaxeb miRebuli kanonis Semdeg amis aucilebloba aRar arsebobda, rogorc

somxuri samociqulo eklesiis prespikerma vahan meliqianma ganacxada,

saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRebuli kanoni mosalodneli nabiji iyo.

samwuxarod somxuri mxaris moqmedebebi calmxriv interesebs emsaxureba.

amis dasturia araerTi tendenciuri werili, mimarTva, romelic maT mier

igzavneba sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi, TiTqos saqarTveloSi

64

irRveva maTi aRmsareblobis uflebebi. ufro metic, isini saqarTvelos

xelisuflebas oficialurad mimarTaven da iTxoven 400-ze meti eklesiis

dabrunebas. bunebrivia, aseTi qmedebebi xels ar uwyoben ori mezobeli xalxis

tradiciul urTierTobebs.

istoriulad saqarTvelo Tavs evropis nawilad miiCnevda da cdilobda,

mWidrod dakavSireboda evropul civilizacias. miuxedavad imisa, rom

religiur-konfensiuri TvalsazrisiT evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebi _

inglisi, safrangeTi, germania, espaneTi, italia, portugalia _ sruliad

gansxvavebulni iyvnen saqarTvelosagan, monRolebis, iranisa da osmaleTis

damangreveli laSqrobebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi saqarTvelos mainc evropis

qveynebis daxmarebis imedi hqonda. marTalia, XVI-XX saukuneebSi es daxmareba

sityvier mxardaWras ar gascilebia, magram qarTvelobis orientacia ar

Secvlila. ilia II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia evropis

qveynebTan kontaqtebs im dros axerxebda, rodesac sabWoTa kavSiri Caketili

saxelmwifo iyo da sazRvargareTis qveynebTan urTierToba _ sagrZnoblad

SezRuduli.

1979 wlis 15 ianvars iamaikis dedaqalaq kingstonSi kaTolikos-patriarqi

ilia II eklesiaTa msoflio sabWos prezidentad airCies. aman mas msoflios

sxvadasxva qveynis politikur da religiur liderTa SexvedrebSi monawileobis

saSualeba misca. uwmidesi da unetaresi yvelgan saubrobda saqarTveloze, mis

istoriaze, uZveles samociqulo eklesiaze. am Sexvedrebis saSualebiT patriarqma

megobruli urTierToba daamyara msoflios marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri

eklesiebis meTaurebTan da isini saqarTveloSi moiwvia. Sexvedrebma da piradma

kontaqtebma gadamwyveti roli Seasrules marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa mier

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis

aRiarebis saqmeSi. patriarqi 1963-1997 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi wevrobis periods ase

afasebs: `sabWoTa izolaciis dros eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi yofnam Cvens

eklesias saSualeba misca, rom igi msoflios gaecno, rogorc damoukidebeli

eklesia. ase rom, eklesiaTa msoflio sabWoSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis

yofna erTgvarad maTi misioneruli moRvaweobis gagrZelebasac warmoadgenda~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi germaniis federaciul respublikaSi, safrangeTSi,

italiaSi, SveicariaSi, niderlandebSi, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi,

inglisSi sxvadasxva dros Sexvda protestantuli, luTeranuli, anglikanuri

eklesiebis meTaurebs, am qveynebis politikur moRvaweebs, mecnierebis,

xelovnebis warmomadgenlebs. misma Sexvedrebma axali stimuli misca evropaSi

qarTvelologiuri mecnierebis ganviTarebas. evropis qveynebis politikuri

da religiuri liderebi aRtacebas ver faravdnen: maT winaSe manamde ucnobi

qristianuli aRmosavleTis didi civilizaciisa da uZvelesi marTlmadidebeli

65

samociqulo eklesiis meTauri iyo. momxiblavi garegnoba, daxvewili manerebi,

evropuli civilizaciisa da Tanamedrove msoflio wesrigis zogadi principebis

Rrma codna maT qarTuli marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTaurisadmi

udidesi pativiscemiT ganawyobda.

uwmidesi da unetaresi stumrobda aziis qveynebsac. igi Sexvda da

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia gaacno egviptis koptTa patriarqs Senuda

III-s, malabariis indoelTa monofizit patriarq-kaTolikoss basil marToma

maTe I-s, eTiopiis monofizit patriarqs abuna Tekle-haimanots, siriel

iakobistTa patriarqs mari iakob III-s, aRmosavleTis monofizit patriarqs

maqsime V-s. uwmidesma da unetaresma qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobiT umaspinZla

saqarTveloSi sapasuxo vizitiT Camosul sxvadasxva qveynis religiur da

politikur liderebs, mecnierebis, xelovnebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebs.

saqarTvelos, qarTvelebis Sesaxeb sainformacio masalebs beWdavdnen evropis,

aziis, afrikis, amerikis qveynebis wamyvani gamocemebi.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi msoflioSi cnobili religiuri

lideria, igi sxvadasxva, arareligiur sakiTxebze dialogs marTavs ara mxolod

aramarTlmadidebluri qristianuli konfensiebis meTaurebTan, aramed sxva

aRmsareblobis warmomadgenlebTanac. amis dasturia kavkasiis muslimanTa

lideris Seix alax Suqur faSa zadesa da uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is

megobruli urTierToba, romelic aisaxeba qarTveli da azerbaijaneli xalxis

megobrobaSi.

alax Suqur faSa zade araerTxel estumra saqarTvelos. igi uwmidessa da

unetaress ilia II-s kavkasiis xalxTa sulier liders, Tavis ufros megobars

da maswavlebels uwodebs. 2013 wlis ianvarSi uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia

II-is aRsaydrebis 35 da dabadebis 80 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT CamobrZanda

TbilisSi da patriarqs miuloca saiubileo TariRebi da sazogadoebas amcno

kavkasiis muslimTa sammarTvelos gadawyvetileba sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-is Seix islamis ordeniT

dajildoebis Sesaxeb _ religiebsa da erebs Soris Setanili wvlilisTvis.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II rogorc didi sulieri lideri pativs scems

sxva religiebs. mravalmxriv sainteresoa misi uwmidesobis sityva, romelic

warmoTqva baqoSi religiuri tolerantobisadmi miZRvnil saerTaSoriso

konferenciaze: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, amierkavkasiis muslimTa

sabWos Tavmjdomarev, Seix-al-islam alah Suqur faSa zade, proeqtis

koordinatoro da euTos elCo q. baqoSi, batono aleqsi CahTahTinsk,

guliTadad mogesalmebiT Tqven da aq damswreT, aseve yvela im adamians,

romelTaTvisac Zvirfasia WeSmariti Semwynarebloba. me var im qveynis

sulieri lideri, romlis mosaxleobis absoluturi umravlesobisaTvis,

anu marTlmadidebeli qristianebisaTvis, 20 saukunea cxovrebis wesad aris

66

qceuli RvTis mcneba: `Seiyuare ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa guliTa SeniTa

da yovliTa suliTa SeniTa da yovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa... da meore, msgavsi

amisi: Seiyuare moyuasi Seni, viTarca Tavi Tvisi~, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom

sakuTari TaviviT unda SeviyvaroT nebismieri adamiani ganurCevlad rwmenisa,

eTnikuri warmomavlobisa, sqesisa da asakisa... magaliTad, sayovelTaod

iyo cnobili, Tu rogori pativiscemiT epyroboda saqarTvelos udidesi

mefe, daviT aRmaSenebeli CvenTan mcxovreb sxva religiis warmomadgenlebs,

maT Soris muslimebs; uwesebda maT garkveul SeRavaTebs, xels uwyobda

adaT-wesebis dacvaSi da sxva. es ar iyo gamonaklisi periodi saqarTvelos

warsulisa. am principiT icxovra Cvenma xalxma da migvaCnia, rom swored

RvTisagan dalocvili mosiyvarule gulis gamo gadaurCa igi istoriis

qartexilebs. amgvarma damokidebulebamve ganapiroba saqarTveloSi mkvidri

sxva erisa da religiis warmomadgenelTa keTilganwyobac qarTvelebisadmi

da isic, rom orive mxare mudam ufrTxildeboda da pativs scemda sxvis

sarwmunoebas da urTierTmegobrobas, rac qmnida unikalur tolerantul

garemos. es tradicia dResac grZeldeba. Cven Tbili damokidebuleba gvaqvs

saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxva da sxva religiis warmomadgenlebTan da maT

xelmZRvanelebTan; gansakuTrebiT xSiria Cveni Sexvedrebi da vizitebi

muslimTa sulier da politikur liderebTan azerbaijanSi, TurqeTSi,

quveiTSi, iordaniaSi, palestinaSi... saqarTveloSi religiur umciresobebs

gaaCniaT sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris statusi da sruliad

Tavisufalni arian Tavis saqmianobaSi. Cven gvaqvs erToblivi proeqtebic,

rac urTierTdaaxloebas uwyobs xels. albaT, mogexsenebaT, rom qrTveli

eris erTi nawili muslimur religias aRiarebs, romelTagan umravlesni

TurqeTis respublikaSi cxovroben, nawili ki, _ azerbaijansa da iranSi.

Cveni sisxlisa da xorcis, Cveni muslimi qarTvelebis _ gurjebis, lazebis,

fereidnelebis, mazandarelebis, ingiloebis, igive herebis _ gamo zogadad

musulmanuri samyaro mezobelzec ufro metad axlobeli aris CvenTvis.

Tundac is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi 300-ze meti meCeTi da jame funqcionirebs,

naTeli dadasturebaa muslimebisadmi Cveni keTili damokidebulebisa.

magram, gulistkiviliT minda aRvniSno, rom garkveuli Zalebi cdiloben

mizanmimarTulad Seqmnan dapirispirebis kerebi da daarRvion saukunovani

Cveni tolerantuli sivrce. Cveni, religiis liderebis, valia, pasuxi gavceT

im provokaciebs, romelic sarwmunoebis niadagze sxva da sxva niadagze iCens

xolme Tavs. am Sexvedris erT-erTi mizani, albaT, isic aris, rom gaerTianebuli

ZaliT vimoqmedoT, raTa arsebuli problemebi davZlioT da prevenciuli

nabijebic gadavdgaT. me minda didi madloba gadavuxado mis aRmatebulebas,

Seix-ul islam alah Suqur faSa zades, romelTanac mravalwliani megobroba

makavSirebs, man araerTxel iTamaSa didi roli krizisuli situaciebis

67

ganmuxtvaSi da Cvens xalxebs Soris megobrobis ganmtkicebaSi. igi amitomac

dajildovda saqarTvelos Rirsebisa da brwyinvalebis ordenebiT. aseve

gamorCeulia azerbaijanis prezidentis, misi aRmatebuleba, baton ilxam

alievis roli Cvens qveynebs Soris gansakuTrebulad keTili urTierTobebis

CamoyalibebaSi. vimedovnebT, maTi mzrunveloba momavalSic ar moakldebaT

aq mcxovreb qarTvelebs, rogorc muslimebs, ise marTlmadideblebs da

dakmayofildeba maTi religiuri moTxovnilebebi. bolos, minda kidev

erTxel gamovxato Cveni Rrma pativiscema am saerTaSoriso konferenciis

organizatoris, euTos mimarT da Sexvedris monawileebisadmi da gisurvoT

didi warmatebebi Tqvens RvTis saTno saqmianobaSi~.

patriarqi did mniSvnelobas aniWebs kontaqtebs iranis islamur

respublikasTan. 2001 wels iranis islamuri respublikis prezidentis muhamed

haTamis miwveviT uwmidesi da unetaresi oficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda

iranSi, Sexvda prezident haTamsa da iranis islamuri respublikis sulier

liders ali hameines. patriarqma Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa maT: `me vfiqrob,

rom Cveni qveynebis _ iranisa da saqarTvelos _ religiuri liderebi da

sasuliero moRvaweni, Cveni xelisufalni da sazogadoeba mzad arian, raTa

msoflios vuCvenoT magaliTi imisa, rom religiuri gansxvavebulobisa da

warsulSi dapirispirebis miuxedavad, Segvwevs unari urTierTpativiscemisa,

unari mSvidobiani da megobruli Tanaarsebobisa~.

iranis islamuri respublikis sasuliero liderebi araerTxel Camovidnen

TbilisSi da monawileobdnen saerTaSoriso konferenciebSi, ase iyo 2007

wlis 25 dekembers, rodesac uwmidessa da unetaress aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavi

miuloca iranis religiaTa urTierTobis organizaciis xelmZRvanelma aiaTola

Tasxirma. xolo 2010 wels TbilisSi gamarTul konferenciaze `qristianoba

da islami terorizmis Sesaxeb~ monawile doqtorma mohamad mehdi Tasxirma

ase Seafasa konferenciaSi iranuli mxaris monawileoba: `Cven monawileobas

viRebT aTeulobiT saerTaSoriso konferenciaSi _ ZiriTadad iseT qveynebSi,

sadac krizisi da mZime situaciaa Seqmnili. Tbilisi am mxriv erT-erTi mSvidi

qalaqia. me vTvli, rom marTlmadidebloba saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia

saukeTeso saxiT. aseTi tipis konferenciebi unda Catardes swored iseT

adgilebSi, sadac yvelaze metia rwmena da keTilganwyoba... es is garemoa

da is urTierTobebia, rasac ver vipoviT sxva qveynebSi. aq aris uZvelesi

marTlmadidebluri Zeglebi. is, sadac kulturas aqvs Rrma fesvebi, mas SeuZlia

didi gavlena iqonios adamianebze. Cven ar vgrZnobT araviTar diskomforts _

Cven vxedavT Tbil, gulwrfel urTierTobas da adamianebs kulturis Rrma

fesvebiT, romelic exmareba maT rwmenis ganmtkicebaSi. kidev erTi mizezi, ris

gamoc konferencia tardeba TbilisSi, es SeiZleba iyos Tbili da megobruli

urTierToba saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da aiaTola Tasxirs Soris.

68

me vfiqrob, rom patriarqi _ es didi Zalaa da mas SeuZlia dadebiTi zegavlenis

moxdena da mniSvnelovani rolis Sesruleba ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed

saxelmwifoebsa da religiebs Soris urTierTobebzedac~.

miuxedavad imisa, rom patriarqi saocrad Semwynarebelia, igi arafers

Tmobs, rodesac saqme samSoblosa da marTlmadidebel eklesias exeba. amis

magaliTia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis msoflio

eklesiaTa sabWosTan urTierToba. rodesac am organizaciam gansxvavebul

konfensiaTa sxvadasxva sferoSi TanamSromlobis SesaZleblobaTa ganxilva

gadazarda erTiani msoflio eklesiis Seqmnis mcdelobaSi, erToblivi locvebis

Catarebis SesaZleblobasa da marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis miuRebel

gadawyvetilebebSi, 1997 wlis 20 maiss, uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-

kurTxeviTa da wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma

samociqulo eklesiam ekumenur moZraobaSi monawileobaze uari Tqva da

eklesiaTa msoflio sabWodan gamovida. `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesia uars ambobs ekumenur moZraobaSi monawileobaze da

gamodis eklesiaTa msoflio sabWodan da evropis eklesiaTa konferenciidan...

marTlmadideblebi ar miiReben monawileobas ekumenur msaxurebaSi, saerTo

locvebsa da RvTis TayvaniscemaSi~.

patriarqis am gadawyvetilebas imxanad sxvadasxvagvarad afasebdnen,

magram drom misi marTebuloba daamowma. am nabijiT Cvenma eklesiam Tavidan

aicila globalizaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciebis saeklesio sferoSi

SeWra da daicva marTlmadidebeli eklesiis siwminde.

Tavisi Tamami nabijebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesia XX saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos politikuri, sulieri

da kulturuli cxovrebis centrSi aRmoCnda. oficialuri xelisuflebis

warmomadgenlebi aRiarebdnen, rom isini veRar axerxebdnen eklesiis saqmianobis

srul kontrols, mis garkveul CarCoebSi moqcevas. 1977-1990-ian wlebSi

Tbiliss stumrobdnen msoflios marTlmadidebeli da aramarTlmadidebeli

eklesiebis meTaurebi, politikuri moRvaweebi. isini xvdebodnen saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqs. Tu 1923-1977 wlebSi TvalSisacemi ar iyo is faqti,

rom sapatriarqo rezidencia sul 3-4 oTaxisgan Sedgeboda, axla ukve aSkara

uxerxuloba iqmneboda. sabWoTa ideologiuri samsaxurebi kvlav acxadebdnen,

rom qveyanaSi sindisis Tavisufleba sabWoTa konstituciiT iyo garantirebuli,

rom eklesias yvelaferi hqonda, rac sWirdeboda. magram 1977-1988 wlebSi

patriarqs sapatriarqo rezidencia ar hqonda, sionis sapatriarqo taZris

garSemo usaxuri saxlebi iyo Camwkrivebuli. xelisuflebam sapatriarqos

erTxans grigol orbelianis moedanze arsebuli sazRvargareTTan megobrobisa

da kulturuli urTierTobis sazogadoebis Senoba dauTmo ucxoeli sapatio

stumrebis misaRebad.

69

jer kidev 1967 wels, cxum-afxazeTis episkoposad yofnis dros, episkoposma

iliam wmida sinodis saxeliT saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis Tavmjdomares

mimarTa TxovniT, sapatriarqosaTvis daebrunebinaT 1923 wels CamorTmeuli

rezidencia. 1977 wlidan oficialuri xelisufleba grZnobda, rom Seqmnili

uxerxuli viTarebis gamosworeba mxolod sapatriarqosaTvis rezidenciis

gamoyofiT SeiZleboda.

1990 wels, erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli moZraobis mesveurTa kategoriuli

moTxovnis Sedegad, oficialuri xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, aRedgina

istoriuli samarTlianoba da 1923 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiisaTvis daebrunebina ukanonod CamorTmeuli is sapatriarqo

rezidencia, romelSic moRvaweobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTolikos-

patriarqni: kirioni, leonide, ambrosi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis sapatriarqos istoriulma rezidenciam daibruna Tavisi

funqcia. aq sapatio stumrebis, saero da sasuliero pirebis miReba da Rirseuli

maspinZloba Tamamad SeiZleba.

70

Tavi V. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo av-tokefaliuri eklesiis eparqiebis aRorZineba,

kavSiri sazRvargareTis qarTul samonastro centrebTan.sinodis ganCinebani. axali wmindanebi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri samociqulo eklesiis

marTva-gamgeoba istoriulad V saukunidan XI saukunemde amgvari iyo:

eklesiis meTaurs ewodeboda kaTolikosi, romelsac eqvemdebarebodnen

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva provinciis saepiskoposoebis mmarTveli mRvdel-

mTavrebi _ episkoposebi.

istoriul wyaroTa monacemebiT dadgenilia, rom V-VII saukuneebSi marto

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi 33 moqmedi eparqia iyo. saqarTvelos gaerTianebisa

da misi teritoriebis gavrcobis Semdeg eparqiaTa raodenoba 55-mde gaizarda.

XVI-XVIII sauku-neebSi, saqarTvelos erTiani feodaluri saxelmwifos

provinciul samefo-samTavroebad daSlis Semdeg, iran-osmaleTis agresiis

pirobebSi, moqmed eparqiaTa raodenoba Semcirda. ruseTis mier saqarTvelos

samefo-samTavroebis dapyrobis periodSi (XIX saukunis dasawyisi) aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi iyo 13, xolo dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ 9 moqmedi eparqia.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis

Semdeg rusi egzarqosebis mizani iyo moqmed eparqiaTa raodenobis Semcireba,

saeparqio qonebis dataceba. maT es amocana warmatebiT Seasrules.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos saegzarqosoSi sul 5 eparqia iyo,

dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ imereTisa da soxumis, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi

ki _ Tbilisis, alaverdisa da goris. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, pirveli saeklesio

krebis mier damtkicebuli marTva-gamgeobis debulebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis eparqiaTa raodenoba ganisazRvra 13-

iT. mogvianebiT mas kidev ori eparqia daemata. debulebis Tanaxmad, Tbilisis,

quTaisis, Wyondidis, cxum-bediis eparqiebi samitropolito eparqiebad

cxaddeboda. eparqiebSi iqmneboda saeparqio sabWo, saeparqio sasamarTlo,

romelTac eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari Tavmjdomareobda. eparqiebi

olqebad iyofoda. TiToeul olqSi 10-15 samrevlo Sedioda. 1920 wels, meore

saeklesio krebaze, saeparqio mmarTvelobaSi mcire Sesworebebi Seitanes _

gaerTianda mcxeTisa da Tbilisis eparqiebi.

1921 wlidan, bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis xanaSi, saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli samociqulo eklesia umZimes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. agresiuli

aTeizmis zeobis Jams, 1922-1939 wlebSi, centraluri xelisuflebisagan

waqezebuli provincieli bolSevikebi da komkavSirlebi sastikad sdevnidnen

71

eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebs, samRvdeloebas. mRvdelmTavrebs eparqiebis

datovebas aiZulebdnen. daapatimres da gadaasaxles episkoposi efremi

(sidamoniZe, SemdgomSi kaTolikos-patriarqi efrem II), gadasaxlebaSi

gardaicvala mitropoliti varlam maxaraZe, 1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaTel-

gaenaTeli mitropoliti nazari daxvrites. mas Tavis samRvdelmTavro eparqiis

sofel rodinaulSi axali eklesiis kurTxeva edeboda bralad.

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi

oficialurad 15 eparqia iyo, realuri viTareba sul sxva suraTs gviCvenebda.

1929 wels oficialurad gauqmda alaverdis eparqia, daiketa alaverdis

monasteri, 1930 wels gauqmda Wyondidis eparqia, 1930 wels daiketa gelaTi,

1934 wels gauqmda baTum-Semoqmedis eparqia, gaauqmes bodbis, ninowmidisa da

wilknis eparqiebi. mmarTvelma mRvdelmTavrebma dedaqalaqSi moqmed eklesiebs

Seafares Tavi. 1947 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi

5 mRvdelmTavari iyo (efrem sidamoniZe, melqisedek fxalaZe, tarasi kandelaki,

dimitri lazariSvili, gabriel CaCaniZe). eparqiebSi sakaTedro taZrebis

gauqmebis gamo maTi umravlesoba TbilisSi imyofeboda. mdgomareoba arc 1950-

1970 wlebSi gaumjobesebula.

1977 wels, rodesac sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi gaxda

ilia II, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi arsebuli 15

eparqiidan mRvdelmTavari hyavda Semdeg eparqiebs: 1. alaverdis (episkoposi

grigol cercvaZe), 2. baTum-Semoqmedis (mitropoliti romanoz petriaSvili),

3. manglisis (episkoposi giorgi RonRaZe), 4. wilknis (mitropoliti gaioz

keratiSvili), 5. TeTriwyarosa (mitropoliti zinobi maJuga) da 6. bodbisas

(episkoposi ilarion samxaraZe). bodbeli wiravda Tbilisis yovladwmida samebis

saxelobis eklesiaSi, mangleli _ didubis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis saxelobis

eklesiaSi, wilkneli _ sveticxovelSi, TeTriwyaroeli _ Tbilisis wmida

aleqsandre nevelis saxelobis eklesiaSi. nikorwmindis, agarak-walkis, bodbis,

awyuris, cageris, wilknis eparqiebSi arcerTi moqmedi eklesia ar arsebobda...

uwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia

II-m daiwyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli

tradiciebis aRdgena _ mRvdelmTavris sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi

kurTxevis Sesaxeb.

kaTolikos-patriarqma kargad icoda, rom saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis aRorZineba eparqiebidan unda daewyo. aucilebeli iyo axalgazrda,

ganaTlebuli sasuliero pirebis mRvdelmTavris xarisxSi amaRleba da

saeparqio cxovrebis gamococxleba. 1978 wels, uwmidesisa da unetaresis

locva-kurTxeviTa da wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, episkoposad akurTxes da

samoRvaweod daadgines eparqiebSi: cxum-afxazeTis kaTedraze nikolozi

(maxaraZe), Wyondidelad _ episkoposi ioane (ananiaSvili), mawyverelad _

72

episkoposi Sio (avaliSvili), bodbelad _ episkoposi Tadeozi (ioramaSvili),

baTum-Semoqmedelad _ episkoposi daviTi (Wkadua), urbnelad _ episkoposi

konstantine (meliqiZe). 1978 wlis seqtembridan episkoposi Tadeozi wilknis

kaTedraze moRvaweobda, xolo bodbel mRvdelmTavrad aTanase (CaxvaSvili)

akurTxes. TiToeuli episkoposis kurTxeva sazeimo viTarebaSi, Catarda

mravalricxovan morwmuneTa TandaswrebiT aResrula. uwmidesma da unetaresma

gadasca maT samRvdelmTavro kverTxi da Seaxsena, ra didi pasuxismgebloba

ekisrebodaT maT eparqiebSi.

1978 wlis dekemberSi, wmida sinodis sxdomaze patriarqis winadadebiT

gadawyda, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi

aRdgeniliyo istoriuli tradicia, romelic mTavarepiskoposis xarisxis

miniWebas iTvaliswinebda. amave sxdomaze awyuris eparqias ewoda àxalcixisa

da mesxeT-javaxeTisa~, cagerisas _ `cagerisa da leCxum-svaneTisa~. Uuwmidesma

da unetaresma mitropolitis xarisxSi aRamaRla mangleli episkoposi

giorgi (RonRaZe) da alaverdeli episkoposi grigoli (cercvaZe). pirveli

mTavarepiskoposebi gaxdnen: nikolozi (maxaraZe), ioane (ananiaSvili), Sio

(avaliSvili).oficialuri xelisuflebisaTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyo

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis eparqiebis aRorZineba. igi

cdilobda religiis saqmeTa rwmunebulis meSveobiT Seeferxebina axalnakurTxi

episkoposebis registracia, registraciis gareSe ki maT TavianT eparqiebSi

damkvidrebisa da moRvaweobis ufleba ar hqondaT.

religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuli sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqisadmi gagzavnil werilSi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamda episkoposTa

raodenobis `gaumarTlebeli zrdis~ gamo. 1979 wlis 5 aprils uwmidesma da

unetaresma rwmunebuls dausabuTa miRebuli gadawyvetilebis marTebuloba:

`Tanaxmad karTagenis krebis me-12 kanonisa, romlis mixedviTac episkoposis

gansjis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saeklesio krebis mowveva ver xerxdeba,

aucilebelia 12 episkoposis Sekreba, rom maT Sesabamisi msjavri gamoitanon.

saqarTvelos eklesiaSi ki, amJamad 3 mitropoliti, 3 mTavarepiskoposi da 4

episkoposia~.

1979 wels, wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT, mitropoliti Sio

(avaliSvili) gadaiyvanes quTaTel-gaenaTelad, xolo axalcixisa da samcxe-

javaxeTis episkoposis xarisxSi aiyvanes qristefore (wamalaiZe), nikorwmindis

episkoposad akurTxes ambrosi (qaTamaZe). axali mRvdelmTavrebis kurTxevis

Semdeg dRis wesrigSi provinciebSi 1921-70 wlebSi administraciuli wesiT

daxuruli eklesiebis kvlav amoqmedebis sakiTxi dadga. sabWoTa kavSiris

kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, morwmuneebi qmnidnen da registraciaSi atarebdnen

religiur sazogadoebas. religiuri sazogadoebis 20 srulwlovani wevri

eklesiis amoqmedebis Sesaxeb sagangebo gancxadebiT mimarTavda adgilobriv

73

aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas, romelic mas agzvnida saqarTvelos ministrTa

sabWosTan arsebul rwmunebulTa aparatSi. iqidan gancxadeba moskovSi

igzavneboda da mxolod moskovis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi hqonda eparqiis

mRvdelmTavars ufleba, eklesiaSi sasuliero piri daedgina. xelisuflebis

warmomadgenlebi religiuri sazogadoebis wevrebis daSinebas cdilobdnen,

magram, roca sasurvel Sedegs ver aRwevdnen, iZulebulni xdebodnen gaecaT

nebarTva eklesiis amoqmedebis Sesaxeb. Tu oficialuri nebarTva gacemuli ar

iyo, eklesiaSi RvTismsaxurebis aRsruleba kanondarRvevad iTvleboda.

im dros eparqiebSi Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis suraTi kargad Cans

Wyondideli mTavarepiskoposis ioanes (ananiaSvili) 1981 wlis 6 seqtembris

moxsenebiT baraTSi, romelic man saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs

gamougzavna. mTavarepiskoposi ioane imxanad Wyondidisa da leCxum-svaneTis

eparqiasac ganagebda. igi werda: `… mestiis raionis TiTqmis yvela sofeli

daviare, xalxi yvelgan eklesiis gaxsnas mTxovda, magram adgilobrivi

xelisufleba TavSekavebul agresias amJRavnebda da mTxovda, male dametovebina

raioni~.

aseTive rTuli problemebis winaSe aRmoCndnen quTaTel-gaenaTeli,

axalcixisa da mesxeT-javaxeTis, bodbeli mRvdelmTavrebi. miuxedavad am

sirTuleebisa, SekeTda bodbis taZari, mowesrigda wmida ninos saflavi;

keTilmoewyo quTaisis wminda mociqulTa TavTa petresa da pavles saxelobis

eklesiis ezo; sagarejoSi restavracia Cautarda yovladwmida RvTismSoblis

saxelobis da wmida dodos saxelobis eklesiebs; walkaSi gaixsna yovladwmida

RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia; manglisSi daiwyo saeparqio rezidenciis

mSenebloba; baTumSi aSenda axali eklesia; axalcixeSi gaixsna eparqiaSi

erTaderTi wmida marines marTlmadidebluri eklesia da daiwyo misi ezos

keTilmowyoba; aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi daiwyo TeklaTis, menjis eklesiebSi.

oficialur xelisuflebas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis es nabijebi aRizianebda, amitom aprobirebuli saSualebiT scada

(Worebi, Sida dapirispirebis inspirireba) eklesiisaTvis saxelis gatexa.

aTeistur sazogadoebaSi mosaxleobis dezinformacia ber-monazvnebisadmi

uaryofiTi ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad advili saqme iyo. am mizniT oficialurma

xelisuflebam presiTa da televiziiT dawvrilebiT gaaSuqa mitropolit

gaiozis sasamarTlo procesi. xelisuflebis ciliswamebis msxverpli gaxda

ramdenime maRali ierarqi.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ucxoeTSi vizitis dros xelisuflebis waqezebiT

ramdenime avantiuristma patriarqis sawinaaRmdego gamosvlebi moindoma,

magram morwmune mrevlis poziciam isini aiZula am ganzraxvaze xeli aeRoT.

oficialur xelisuflebas es yvelaferi patriarqis dasaSineblad sWirdeboda,

magram aman mxolod ukuSedegi gamoiwvia. qarTveli eri kidev ufro mtkiced

74

dadga deda eklesiisa da misi meTauris gverdiT. es ar iyo is xalxi, romelic

taZarSi wirva-locvaze gaucnobiereblad modioda, es iyo WeSmaritad morwmune

mrevli, romelmac gaiTavisa qristianuli rwmenis sidiade da mzad iyo mis

dasacavad.

1977-1990 wlebSi saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc mTel msoflioSi, didi

socialur-politikuri cvlilebebi moxda. 80-iani wlebidan sabWoTa kavSirSi, e.w.

`perestroikis~ periodSi, demokratiuli Rirebulebebis gaRrmavebis lozungiT,

qveynis politikurma xelmZRvanelobam totalitaruli reJimis liberalizacia

daiwyo. es etapi kargad gamoiyena saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo

eklesiam da eparqiebSi administraciuli wesiT daxuruli 20-50-iani wlebis

ngrevas gadarCenili eklesiebis amoqmedeba daiwyo. ilia II-m 1995 wels miiRo

gadawyvetileba, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi moqmedi

15 eparqiis 27-mde, xolo 2007 _ wels 36-mde gazrdis Sesaxeb. 2015 wlis

monacemebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi moqmedi 46 eparqiaa,

wmida sinodis wevria 47 mRvdelmTavari.

XVI-XX saukuneebSi qarTveli xalxis Tavs datexilma kataklizmebma

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos teritoriebi sagrZnoblad Seamcira. Tu XII-XIII

saukuneebSi saqarTvelos teritoria 205 aTas kvadratul kilometrs moicavda,

XIX saukuneSi igi 102 aTas kvadratul kilometramde Semcirda, xolo 1921

wlidan 1990 wlamde periodSi ki 69,7 aTas kvadratul kilometrs Seadgenda.

saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT darCa istoriuli tao-klarjeTi, lazeTi,

hereTi (saingilo), lore-taSiri. dReisaTvis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis eparqiebi srulad moicavs istoriul saqarTvelos.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiiswmida sinodis Semadgenloba 2015 wlis mdgomareobiT:

1. uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,

mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis

mitropoliti _ wmida sinodis Tavmjdomare

2. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi kalistrate (margalitaSvili) quTaTel-

gaenaTeli mitropoliti

daibada: _ 20. X. 1938 weli; Telavis raioni, sofeli vardisubani; berad

aRkveca _ III. 1982; episkoposad kurTxeva: 25. XII. 1983; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa:

8. II. 1989; mitropolitoba eboZa: 25. XII. 1992; skufiaze briliantis jvris tarebis

ufleba mieniWa _ 21. IX. 2000.

75

3. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi danieli (daTuaSvili) saCxerisa da

WiaTuris mitropoliti; saqarTvelos sapatriarqos misiisa da

evangelizaciis centris Tavmjdomare

daibada: _ q. Tbilisi. 29. V. 1955 weli. berad aRkveca: _ 31 X 1991. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 22. V. 1992. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. X. 1993. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. skufiaze briliantis jvris tarebis ufleba mieniWa:

_ 19. VIII. 2010.

4. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi abraami (garmelia) dasavleT evropis

mitropoliti

daibada: _ 15. XI. 1948 weli. q. soxumi. berad aRkveca: _ 3. I. 1988. episkop-

osad kurTxeva: _ 25. XII. 1992 mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1996 mitropoli-

toba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000 skufiaze briliantis jvris tarebis ufleba mieniWa: _

16. 11. 2008.

5. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi anania (jafariZe) manglisisa da

TeTriwyaros mitropoliti

daibada: _ 20. VIII. 1949 weli. q. tyibuli. berad aRkveca: _ 4 IV. 1979 episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 15. III. 1981 mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1992. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 15. XI. 2001

6. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi vaxtangi (axvlediani) curtaveli

mitropoliti (titularuli)

daibada: _ 25. X. 1953 weli. cageri. berad aRkveca: _ 1. VIII. 1982. episkop-

osad kurTxeva: _ 2. VIII. 1982. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1992. mitropoli-

toba eboZa: _ 26. IV. 2009.

7. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi zosime (SioSvili) wilknisa da duSeTis

mitropoliti

daibada: _ 3. VIII. 1951 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 10. X. 1981. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 14. X. 1983. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1996. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 26. IX. 2009.

8. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi giorgi (SalamberiZe) tyibulisa da

Terjolis mitropoliti

daibada: _ 25. II. 1940 weli. baRdadis raioni, sofeli fersaTi. berad

aRkveca: _ 13. X. 1988. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 14. X. 1988. mTavarepiskoposoba

eboZa: _ 21. XII. 1992. mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000.

76

9. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi iobi (aqiaSvili) mrovel-urbneli

mitropoliti; saRvTismsaxuro wignebis Seswavlisa da redaqtirebis

komisiis Tavmjdomare

daibada: _ 29. V. 1960 weli. daba yazbegi, sofeli sno. berad aRkveca: _ 3. I.

1988. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 17. V. 1992. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1996.

mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000.

10. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi daviTi abba (maxaraZe) alaverdeli

mitropoliti: saqarTvelos sapatriarqos xuroTmoZRvrebisa da

xelovnebis centris Tavmjdomare; saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan

arsebuli saeklesio galobis centris Tavmjdomare; soflis meurneobis

ganviTarebis centris Tavmjdomare

daibada: _ 3. II. 1960 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 28. X. 1991. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 24. V. 1992. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1996. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000.

11. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi sergi (CekuriSvili) nekreseli

mitropoliti

daibada: _ 13. IV. 1959 weli. q. rusTavi. berad aRkveca: _ 13. IV. 1987. epis-

koposad kurTxeva: _ 27. XII. 1992. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 25. XII. 1995. mit-

ropolitoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000.

12. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi iosebi (kikvaZe) Semoqmedeli mitropoliti

daibada: _ 17. IX. 1959 weli. Coxatauris raioni, sofeli zeda farcxma. be-

rad aRkveca: _ 16. V. 1991. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 7. IV. 1995. mTavarepiskoposoba

eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 3. VI. 2007.

13. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi isaia (Wanturia) niqozisa da cxinvalis

mitropoliti

daibada: _ 1961 weli. q. walenjixa. berad aRkveca: _ 2. IV. 1994. episkop-

osad kurTxeva: _ 9. IV. 1995. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. mitropoli-

toba eboZa: _ 30. IV. 2006.

14. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi serafime (jojua) borjomisa da bakurianis

mitropoliti

daibada: _ 15. II. 1961 weli. q. soxumi. berad aRkveca: _ 28. VIII. 1992. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 20. IV. 1995. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 18. XI. 2009.

77

15. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi grigoli (berbiWaSvili) foTisa da

xobis mitropoliti; gamomcemlobisa da recenzirebis departamentis

Tavmjdomare

daibada: _ 18. VII. 1956 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 21. III. 1996. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 24. III. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 7. IX. 2003. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 3. VI. 2007.

16. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi nikolozi (faCuaSvili) axalqalaqisa

da kumurdos, da samxreT amerikis mitropoliti; saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos misiisa da evangelizaciis ganyofilebis Tavmjdomaris

moadgile

daibada: _ 10. II. 1961. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 25. III. 1996. episkoposad

kurTxeva: _ 31. III. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 28. XI. 2000. mitropolitoba

eboZa: _ 30. IX. 2006

17. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi Teodore (WuaZe) axalcixisa da tao-

klarjeTis mitropoliti sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

qorepiskoposi;

daibada: _ 11. IV. 1967. weli, q. siRnaRi. berad aRkveca: _ 22. II. 1991. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 27. X. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. IX. 2003. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 30. IV. 2006.

18. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi saba (gigiberia) xonisa da samtrediis

mitropoliti: religiuri turizmis (samomlocvelo) departamentis

Tavmjdomare

daibada: _ 28. IX. 1966 weli. q. senaki. berad aRkveca: _ 14. VI. 1991. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 3. XI. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. IX. 2003. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 24. IV. 2008.

19. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi dimitri (SiolaSvili) baTumisa da lazeTis

mitropoliti; saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sainformacio samsaxuris

xelmZRvaneli

daibada: _ 16. II. 1961 weli. q. mcxeTa. berad aRkveca: _ 25. X. 1996. episkop-

osad kurTxeva: _ 8. XI. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. IX. 2003. mitropoli-

toba eboZa: _ 3. VI. 2007.

20. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi antoni (buluxia) vanisa da baRdaTis

mitropoliti

daibada: _ 7. V. 1956 weli. qobuleTis raioni, sofeli oCxamuri. berad

78

aRkveca: _ 25. X. 1996. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 10. XI. 1996. mTavarepiskoposoba

eboZa: _ 4. I. 2004. mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 2. VI. 2010.

21. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi gerasime (SaraSeniZe) zugdidisa da

caiSis mitropoliti: saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sagareo urTierTobis

ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare

daibada: _ 20. V. 1958 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 28. VI. 1997. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 11. X. 1998. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 11. VI. 2006. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 3. VI. 2007.

22. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi andria (gvazava) goris da atenis

mitropoliti

daibada: _ 24. IV. 1968 weli. q. soxumi. berad aRkveca: _ 15. IV. 1995. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 18. X. 1998. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 16. XI. 2006. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 25. V. 2010.

23. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi petre (caava) Wyondidis mitropoliti;

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos televiziis (èrTsulovneba~) generaluri

direqtori.

daibada: _ 7. IV. 1970 weli. senakis raioni. episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 20. X.

2002. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 28. I. 2007. mitropolitoba eboZa: _ 2. VIII. 2010.

24. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi ilarioni (qitiaSvili) mestiisa da zemo

svaneTis mitropoliti

daibada _ 22. XI. 1957 weli. q. xaSuri. berad aRkveca: _ 4. XI. 2000. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 3. XI. 2002. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. XI. 2011. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 1. IX. 2013

25. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi Sio (mujiri) senakisa da Cxorowyus,

da avstraliis mitropoliti; sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis qorepiskoposi;

daibada _ 1. II 1969 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 5. I 1993. episkoposad

kurTxeva: _ 7. IX. 2003. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 20. IX. 2009. mitropolitoba

eboZa: _ 2. VIII. 2010.

26. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi ioane (gamrekeli) rusTveli mitropoliti;

wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis ganaTlebis centris

Tavmjdomare

daibada _ 28. X. 1946 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 11. IX. 2008. episko-

79

posad kurTxeva: _ 14. IX. 2008. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 27. VI. 2010. mitropo-

litoba eboZa: _ 28. VIII. 2011.

27. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi daviTi (tikaraZe) adiSeli

mTavarepiskoposi (titularuli)

daibada _ 1. V. 1963 weli. q. lanCxuTi. berad aRkveca: _ 18. XII.1995. episkop-

osad kurTxeva: _ 14. X. 1998. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 1. VI. 2006

28. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi stefane (kalaijiSvili) cagerisa

da lentexis mTavarepiskoposi; axalgazrdobis sulieri da

inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis centris Tavmjdomare.

daibada _ 9. II. 1959 weli. q. axalcixe. berad aRkveca: _ 5.VIII. 1996w. episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 27. X. 2002. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 9. IX. 2010.

29. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi eqvTime (leJava) gurjaanisa da veliscixis

mTavarepiskoposi

daibada _ 25. I. 1953 weli. q. Tbilisi. berad aRkveca: _ 10 III. 1990. episkopo-

sad kurTxeva: _ 24. VIII. 2003. mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 14. XI. 2011.

30. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi luka (lomiZe) sagarejosa da ninowmindis

mTavarepiskoposi

daibada _ 14. IX. 1966 weli. q. Tbilisi; berad aRkveca: _ 1997 wlis did-

marxvis I kvira _ 16 III; episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 28. VIII. 2003; mTavarepiskoposoba

eboZa: _ 14. XI. 2011.

31. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi zenoni (iarajuli) dmanisisa da agarak-

taSiris, didi britaneTisa da irlandiis mTavarepiskoposi

daibada _ 17. III. 1972 weli. q. Tbilisi; berad aRkveca: _ 14. VIII. 1993; episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 31. VIII. 2003; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 6. II. 2011.

32. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi egudieli (tabataZe) stefanwmindisa da

xevis mTavarepiskoposi

daibada _ 30. I. 1964 weli. saCxeris r-ni sof. bereTisa; berad aRkveca: _ 5.

I. 1995; episkoposad kurTxeva: _ 2. IX. 2003; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 24. XI. 2009.

33. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi spiridoni (abulaZe) sxalTis

mTavarepiskoposi

daibada _ 14. VI. 1950 weli. q. zestafoni; berad aRkveca: _ 23. XII. 2006; epis-

koposad kurTxeva: _ 24. XII 2006; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 17. IV. 2013.

80

34. maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi efremi (gamrekeliZe) bolneli

mTavarepiskoposi

daibada _ 24. X. 1975 weli. q. baTumi; berad aRkveca: _ 8. IV. 1996; episkopo-

sad kurTxeva: _ 31. XII. 2006; mTavarepiskoposoba eboZa: _ 06. IX. 2012.

35. yovladusamRvdeloesi melqisedeki (xaCiZe) margveTisa da ubisis

episkoposi

daibada _ 25. IV. 1975 weli. q. xaSuri; berad aRkveca: _ 31. VIII. 2005; episko-

posad kurTxeva: _ 03. V. 2009

36. yovladusamRvdeloesi iakobi (iakobiSvili) bodbeli episkoposi;

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposi;

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos safinanso-ekonomikuri sabWos Tavmjdomare;

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis sruluflebiani

warmomadgeneli Tbilisis wm. andria pirvelwodebulis sax. qarTul

universitetSi.

daibada _ 01. III. 1962; berad aRkveca: _ 15. III. 2003; episkoposad kurTxeva _

09. V. 2010.

37. yovladusamRvdeloesi miqaeli (gabriWiZe) TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis

episkoposi

daibada _ 25. I. 1966 weli. q. zestafoni; berad aRkveca: _ 2. VI. 1994; epis-

koposad kurTxeva: _ 20. X. 2013.

38. yovladusamRvdeloesi dimitri (kapanaZe) xornabujisa da hereTis

episkoposi

daibada _ 19. VI. 1975 xaragaulis raioni; berad aRkveca: _ 16. XII. 1995; epi-

skoposad kurTxeva: _ 27. X. 2013.

39. yovladusamRvdeloesi damiane (xufenia) samTavisisa da kaspis

episkoposi

daibada _ 6. VIII. 1959 soxumi; berad aRkveca: _ 2. I. 2004; episkoposad kur-

Txeva: _ 3. XI. 2013.

40. yovladusamRvdeloesi svimeoni (cakaSvili) suramis da xaSuris

episkoposi

daibada _ 9. VIII. 1982 q. siRnaRi; berad aRkveca: _ 19. agvisto 2005; epis-

koposad kurTxeva: _ 10. XI. 2013.

81

41. yovladusamRvdeloesi giorgi (jamdeliani) marneulisa da hujabis

episkoposi

daibada _ 1. X. 1981 weli. mestia; berad aRkveca: _ 27. VIII. 2006; episkopo-

sad kurTxeva: _ 23. XI. 2013.

42. yovladusamRvdeloesi ioane (Somaxia) martyofisa da gardabnis

episkoposi

daibada _ 13. VIII. 1971; berad aRkveca: _ 15. III. 2008; episkoposad kurTxeva:

_ 1. XII. 2013.

43. yovladusamRvdeloesi grigoli (kacia) walkis episkoposi

daibada _ 26. VIII. 1972 q. soxumi; berad aRkveca _ 26. VIII. 2010. episkoposad

kurTxeva: _ 4. XII. 2013.

44. yovladusamRvdeloesi lazare (samadbegiSvili) germaniisa da avstriis

episkoposi

daibada _ 20. VIII. 1955. q. Tbilisi; berad aRkveca: _ 19. IV. 1997 w. episkop-

osad kurTxeva: _ 11. VI. 2014.

45. yovladusamRvdeloesi dosiTeosi (bogveraZe) belgiisa da holandiis

episkoposi

daibada: _ 29. 12. 1964; berad aRkveca: _ weli.11. 03. 2004; episkoposad kur-

Txeva: _ 15. 06. 2014.

46. yovladusamRvdeloesi saba (inwkirveli) CrdiloeT amerikis episkoposi

daibada _ 22. VI. 1981; berad aRkveca: _ 29. VI. 2009; episkoposad kurTxeva:

_ 24. XI. 2013.

47. yovladusamRvdeloesi vaxtangi (liparteliani) nikorwmindeli

episkoposi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia zrunavs saqarTvelos

evropisa da amerikis kontinentze droebiT samuSaod gasuli qarTvelebisaTvis.

2002 wels Seiqmna dasavleT evropis eparqia, romelsac meTaurobs mitropoliti

abraami (garmelia). eparqiaSi 16 sasuliero piri da 57 samrevlo funqcionirebs;

CrdiloeT amerikisa da kanadis eparqias xelmZRvanelobs episkoposi saba

(inwkirveli), eparqiaSi moqmedebs 12 samrevlo piri; didi britaneTsa da

82

irlandiis eparqia, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mTavarepiskoposi zenoni

(iarajuli). eparqias samrevloebi aqvs londonSi, glazgoSi, kardifSi, uelsSi,

belfastSi, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samrevloebia agreTve

samxreT amerikaSi (mas xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti nikolozi). avstraliaSi

(xelmZRvanelobs mitopoliti Sio).

2014 wlis 3 ivniss gamarTulma wmida sinodis sxdomam, romelsac

Tavmjdomareobda uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqi ilia II ganaCina: `dasavleT evropis eparqias gamoeyos avstriis,

germaniisa da beniluqsis qveynebis samrevloebi da Seiqmnas: 1. dasavleT evropis

eparqia (xelmZRvaneli mitropoliti abraami), romlis SemadgenlobaSi darCa

safrangeTi, Sveicaria, malta, espaneTi, portugalia, italia; 2. avstriisa da

germaniis eparqia (xelmZRvaneli episkoposi lazare); 3. belgiisa da holandiis

eparqia (xelmZRvaneli episkoposi dosiTeozi); baTumisa da lazeTis da

CrdiloeT amerikis eparqias gamoeyos CrdiloeT amerikis samrevloebi da

Seiqmnas: CrdiloeT amerikis eparqia (xelmZRvaneli episkoposi saba inwkirveli)~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis eparqiebis

aRorZineba ilia II-is didi Rvawlis Sedegia. Uuwmidesi da unetaresi xSirad

stumrobs eparqiebs, mcire warmatebasac ufasebs mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs,

mwyemsmTavruli sityviT mimarTavs mrevls, deda eklesiisa da samSoblos

siyvarulisaken mouwodebs maT. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis siZlierisa da simtkicis safuZveli moqmed eklesiaTa siZlierea.

saqarTvelos patriarqi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs sazRvargareT

mcxovreb qarTvelebs. 2009 wlis 14 maiss parizSi wm. Tamar mefis saxelobis

qarTuli eklesiis gaxsnaze igi sagangebod CabrZanda parizSi, Sexvda iqaur

qarTvelebs. uwmidesi 2012 wlis 15 maiss kvlav stumrobda dasavleT evropis

eparqias, 20 maiss man sazeimo wirva aRavlina parizis wm. Tamar mefis saxelobis

qarTul eklesiaSi. 2011 wlis 4-15 Tebervals ilia II stumrobda didi britaneTisa

da iralndiis qarTul samrevloebs. uwmidesma da unetaresma sazeimo wirva

Caatara londonis macxovris Sobis qarTul taZarSi, sadac inglisSi mcxovreb

1500-ze meti qarTveli Seikriba. ilia II-m daloca mrevli da mouwoda maT,

arasodes gawyviton kavSiri dedasamSoblosTan da yvelaferi iRonon imisaTvis,

rom dabrundnen saqarTveloSi. ilia II Sexvda inglisis dedofal elisabed II-s.

istoriulad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi

didi mniSvneloba hqonda samonastro cxovrebas. pirveli monastrebi IV-V

saukuneebidan arsebobda. monastrebi ara marto religiuri, aramed kulturul-

saganmanaTleblo centrebis funqciasac asrulebdnen. Sua saukuneebSi

qarTvelebs samonastro centrebi hqondaT saberZneTSi, kviprosze, wmida

miwaze. qveyanaSi Semosuli mteri monastrebs arbevda. cnobilia qvaTaxevisa

da daviT garejis monastrebis mterTagan rbeva, ber-monazvnebis xocva-Jleta,

83

magram monastrebi mainc aRorZindebodnen xolme. ber-monazvnebi yvelaze

dafasebulni iyvnen Cveni sulieri cxovrebis istoriaSi.

XIX saukuneSi qarTul monastrebs ruseTis Sida guberniebidan gadmosuli

berebi daepatronen... 1917 wels, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, daiwyo samonastro cxovrebis

aRorZineba, magram saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis mier

miRebuli sakanonmdeblo aqtebiT daiwyes saeklesio miwebis CamorTmeva da

monastrebSi mcxovrebi ber_monazvnebis Seviwroeba, ris gamoc uwmidesma da

unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma leonidem mkacri

saprotesto werili miswera saqarTvelos mTavrobis Tavmjdomares _ noe

Jordanias. 1921 wlidan, bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebis waqezebiT,

daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis Zarcva-rbeva. daxoces SiomRvimis, qvaTaxevis,

beTaniis, armazis, kabenis monastrebis berebi. sabuTebi yvelgan ise gaaformes,

TiTqos aq kriminaluri bandebi moqmedebda. monastrebis umravlesoba daixura.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis kalistrates ZalisxmeviT, saxelmwifom istoriuli

Zeglis mcvelis Tanamdebobaze daniSna beTanieli berebi: ioane (maisuraZe) da

giorgi (mxeiZe), zedazenze _ eqvTime (kereseliZe).

XX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi samonastro cxovreba Zalian

Sesustebuli iyo. TiTo-orola monasterSi (Sio mRvime, samTavro, TeklaTi,

mowameTa) naxevrad aralegalurad moRvaweobdnen ber-monazvnebi. oficialuri

xelisufleba gansakuTrebiT uaryofiTad iyo gamsWvaluli maT mimarT.

kaTolikos-patriarqis gaazrebuli, Tanmimdevruli saqmianobiT saqarTveloSi

samonastro cxovrebis aRorZineba moxerxda. Tu gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi

monastrebSi ZiriTadad asakovani adamianebi iyvnen, amJamad 200-ze met moqmed

monasterSi ZiriTadad axalgazrda morCilni da ber-monazvnebi moRvaweoben.

saqarTvelos yvela moqmed eparqiaSi aris mamaTa da dedaTa monastrebi.

uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-s surda, javaxeTSi faravnis tbasTan, saidanac

mociqulTaswori wmida nino vazis jvriT gamoemarTa mcxeTisaken, daarsebuliyo

mamaTa da dedaTa monastrebi. gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi mTeli samcxe-

javaxeTis teritoria sabWoTa kavSir-TurqeTis sazRvrispira raionebad iyo

gamocxadebuli. awyuris iqiT gadasvla mxolod specialuri saSviT SeiZleboda.

garda amisa, faravnis tbispira sofel fokaSi arcerTi qarTuli ojaxi ar

cxovrobda. ilia II oficialurad Caewera sofel fokaSi, raTa daubrkoleblad

emogzaura am teritoriebze. misi didi ZalisxmeviT moxerxda fokaSi dedaTa

da mamaTa monastrebis daarseba. es mxolod erTi magaliTia. mravali aseTi

dabrkoleba gadaitana saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam,

magram, uwmidesisa da unetaresis RvawliT, samonastro cxovreba aRorZinda

aramarto saqarTveloSi: Cveni mamebi da dedebi moRvaweoben ucxoeTSi arsebul

qarTuli warmomavlobis eklesia-monastrebSic.

84

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis winsvla bolo

ocdaTvrameti wlis ganmavlobaSi kargad Cans Semdegi monacemebidan: Tu

1977 wels 50-mde moqmed eklesia-monasterSi 7 mRvdelmTavari da 80-mde

sasuliero piri iRvwoda, 2015 wlisaTvis 2000-ze met eklesiaSi moRvaweobs

47 mRvdelmTavari da 2000-ze meti sasuliero piri. winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevis

gzebis Zieba, locvaSi gatarebuli mravali uZilo Rame gadaitana patriarqma

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis am simaRleze asayvanad.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias, adreuli Sua

saukuneebidan XIX saukunis CaTvliT, sazRvargareT mravali eklesia-monasteri

hqonda. aq moRvawe qarTveli berebi qmnidnen originalur sasuliero Janris

naSromebs, Targmnidnen qarTulidan berZnulad, an berZnulidan qarTulad

iTargmneboda qristianul literaturaSi cnobili Txzulebebi. Tuki aseTi

mdidari da mravalferovania Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kultura, amaSi

didia sazRvargareT arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis wvlili. axlo

aRmosavleTSi ganTqmuli iyo sabawmindis, sinas, jvris, Savi mTis, xolo dasavleTSi

_ aTonisa da petriwonis monastrebi. Sua saukuneebSi wmida miwaze qarTvelebs

gansakuTrebuli privilegiebi hqondaT _ golgoTaze qristes saflavis eklesiis

kliteni maT epyraT da gaSlili droSebiT cxenze amxedrebulebs ierusalimSi

Sesvla SeeZloT. miuxedavad imisa, rom XV saukuneSi erTiani saqarTvelo sam

samefod da erT samTavrod daiSala, samefoTa mefe-mTavarni sazRvargareTul

qarTul samonastro centrebs yuradRebas ar aklebdnen.

iran-osmaleTis mZlavrobis xanaSi (XVI-XVIII s.s.) saqarTvelos marTl-

madidebeli samociqulo eklesiis poziciebi Sesustda. XVI-XX saukuneebSi,

saqarTvelos mimarT osmalTa mier ganxorcielebuli agresiis Sedegad,

istoriuli saqarTvelos teritoriis naxevarze meti _ tao-klarjeT-lazeTi

_ da iq arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT

aRmoCnda.

XVI saukuneSi osmalTagan Seviwroebulma konstantinopolis msoflio

sapatriarqom avtokefalia da marTlmadideblur diptixSi saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis istoriulad kuTvnili me-5 adgili politikurad

gaZlierebuli ruseTis eklesias mianiWa.

ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg sazRvargareTul qarTul

samonastro centrebs TandaTan ucxoelebi (berZnebi da somxebi) daepatronen

da gulmodgined daiwyes monastrebSi arsebuli qarTuli kvalis waSla. (amis

TvalsaCino magaliTia ierusalimis jvris monasterSi SoTa rusTavelis freskis

garSemo atexili skandalic).

miuxedavad imisa, rom XIX saukunesa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesia ruseTis sinodis daqvemdebarebaSi imyofeboda, qarTveli

85

sasuliero pirebi mainc wmida miwisaken, aTonisaken, miiswrafodnen. qarTvel

samRvdeloebaSi gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiT sargeblobdnen sazRvargareTul

qarTul samonastro centrebSi namsaxurebi berebi. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mcdeloba, 1917 wels avtokefaliis

aRdgenis Semdeg sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro centrebTan aRedgina

kavSiri, uSedego aRmoCnda. 1921-1970 wlebSi, sabWoTa `rkinis fardis~

pirobebSi, es kidev ufro garTulda. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqebi _ uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II da daviT V _ sarekomendacio

werilebs ugzavnidnen ierusalimisa da konstantinopolis patriarqebs, raTa

aTonis iverTa monastersa da ierusalimis jvris monasterSi gadaRebis ufleba

miecaT kinoreJisor irakli onofriSvilisa da guram pataraiasaTvis, daeSvaT

iq samuSaod qarTvel mecnierTa jgufi (irakli abaSiZe, giorgi wereTeli, akaki

SaniZe). uwmidesma da unetaresma Tavisi mRvdelmTavrobis periodSi, rogorc

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis sagareo ganyofilebis

xelmZRvanelma, miznad daisaxa sazRvargareTul qarTul monastrebTan kavSiris

aRdgena. misTvis gansakuTrebiT axlobeli iyo aTonis iverTa monasteri. am

monastris istorias miuZRvna man Tavisi sakvalifikacio Sroma da vrcel

daskvnaSi aTonis iverTa monastris roli saqarTvelos istoriaSi mkafiod

gansazRvra. cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitad msaxurebisas igi araerTxel

Sexvda qarTvel mecnierebs da maTTan erTad imsjela, ra unda gakeTebuliyo

aTonis iverTa monasterTan dasakavSireblad. 1970 wels mitropoliti ilia

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa

institutis direqtors, akademikos elene metrevels werda: `qalbatono elene,

gamaxara Tqvenma werilma da z. aleqsiZis èpistoleTa wignma~. gmadlobT

yuradRebisaTvis. mec minda gagaxaroT sasiamovno ambiT. arqimandrit abelis

saSualebiT vipoveT gza, romliTac davukavSirdebiT iveriis monastris

xelnawerebs. miviRe werili Tesalonikis universitetis profesor taxikosisgan,

romelic gvpirdeba daxmarebas~.

1978 wlis seqtemberSi uwmidesma da unetaresma saqarTveloSi mowveul

aTonis mTis gubernators dimitrios camiss vizitis iseTi programa SesTavaza

da qarTuli stumarmaspinZlobis iseTi madli aCvena, rom aRfrTovanebulma

gubernatorma Tbilisidan gamgzavrebis win ganacxada: àdamianis cxovrebaSi

iSviaTad, magram mainc arsebobs wuTebi, rodesac ar SeiZleba gamoiTqvas

grZnobebi, romlebic mas eufleba. yvela sityva, romelic SeiZleba me vTqva,

Raribi da uferuli iqneba Cems gancdebTan SedarebiT~. baton camisis saxiT

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam Zlieri mxardamWeri ipova.

1979 wlis 5 dekembers patriarqma aTonis iverTa monastris sabWos mimarTa:

àRsdges is kavSiri, romelic arsebobda saqarTvelosa da iveriis monasters

Soris. am mizniT Cven gamovTqvamT survils, rom warmovgzavnoT TqvenTan

86

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiidan sami mecnieri, romelnic gadaiReben

iveriis monastris biblioTekaSi dacul qarTuli xelnawerebis mikrofilmebs~.

uwmindesi saqarTvelos oficialur xelisuflebas saqarTvelosaTvis aTonis

iverTa monastris mniSvnelobas ganumartavda da mxardaWeras sTxovda, raTa

monasterSi gagzavniliyo oTxi qarTveli beri, Tan dasZenda: `Tu es SevZeliT,

Cvens mecnierebsa da eklesias eqnebaT mudmivi kavSiri am savanesTan da iq dacul

Zvirfas qarTul nivTebs eyoleba Tavisi kanonieri patroni da gulSematkivari~.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi 1983 wels gansakuTrebulad sazeimo

viTarebaSi aRiniSna aTonis iverTa monastris daarsebidan 1000 wlisTavi.

monastris sabWosadmi gagzavnil milocvaSi xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom aTonis

iverTa monasteri maradJams iyo da darCeba saqarTvelos samociqulo

dedaeklesiis sulis ganuyofel nawilad. ilia II-s ZalisxmeviT, aTonis

monastrebis berebi araerTxel estumrnen saqarTvelos, moiloces qarTuli

eklesia-monastrebi, Sexvdnen qarTvel sasuliero pirebs, mecnierebs.

patriarqTan Sexvedrebma isini gansakuTrebuli madlierebiT aRavso. 1987

wlis 11 TebervliT daTariRebul werilSi isini aRniSnavdnen: `Svilieri

grZnobiT vusurvebT Tqvens Rirseul unetaresobas janmrTelobas da

RvTaebriv Zlierebas, raTa macxovnebeli sityva uqadagoT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis samwysos. viTxovT Tqvens RvTaebriv

locvebs da yvelani, saerTo krebis warmomadgenlebi, aTonis wmida mTis ocive

wmida monastris winamZRvrebi, vrCebiT uRrmesi pativiscemiT~.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis surviliT saqarTveloSi CamoabrZanes aTonis

karis RvTismSoblis xatis asli,

wmida aTonis mTasTan, iq arsebul monstrebTan saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mWidro urTierToba grZeldeba.

aTonze dawerili araerTi xatia davanebuli saqarTveloSi moqmed eklesia-

monastrebSi. ilia II-m aTonis wmida mTis vatopedis monastris berebis

stumrobisas (2011 wlis 17-24 Tebervali) gaixsena aTonis wmida mTaze Tavisi

stumroba: `maxsendeba Cemi viziti aTonis wminda mTaze. iq, kareasSi, sadac

aTonis mTis wmida kinoti ikribeba vijeqi sapatriarqo taxtze da yvela beri

Cem garSemo iyo Semokrebili, me gamocda movuwye maT. ase vuTxari: axla unda

gamogcadoT, rogori Tavmdabloba da morCileba gaqvT. aba, momiaxlovdiT da

yvelam damloceT meTqi. zogierTi SeSinda da daibna, magram zogierTi movida

da marTlac damloca da es dalocva dResac mSvelis da momavalSic Semeweva~.

2011 wlis 20 Tebervals samebis sakaTedro taZarSi aTonis mTis vatopedis

monastris winamZRvarma arqimandritma efremma am sityvebiT daaxasiaTa uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II: ìs, ramac gangvacvifra, aris mTeli qarTveli eris

saocari erTguleba da miZRvna Tavisi patriarqisadmi! Cemi azriT, saqarTvelos

87

eklesias hyavs Tavmdabali patriarqi, romelic yovladwmida RvTismSoblis

udidesi madlis Rirsi Seiqmna da es moaxdina deda RvTismSobelma, rom amdeni

welia mas xalxis mxridan Zlieri mxardaWera aqvs~.

XX saukunis qarTvel patriarqTa da saero mecnierTa ocneba, hqonodaT

kavSiri aTonis wmida mTaze arsebul qarTul monastrebTan da iq dacul

qarTul xelnawerebTan, realobad iqca. dRes aTonze araerTi qarTveli beri

moRvaweobs.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II aseTive didi mondomebiT Seudga ierusalimis

jvris monasterTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

gawyvetili kavSiris aRdgenas. ierusalimis patriarqTan, uwmides benediqtesTan

Sexvedrisas is pirvelad Seexo jvris monastris saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis

dabrunebis sakiTxs. molaparakebebi gagrZelda patriarq diodorosis I-is

drosac. ilia II-m kargad icoda, rom ierusalimis sapatriarqosaTvis Zneli

gadasawyveti iyo es sakiTxi. misi uwmidesoba saqarTvelos saero xelisuflebas

meti mxardaWerisaken mouwodebda. 1987 wlis 5 noembers saqarTvelos ssr

ministrTa sabWoSi gagzavnil werilSi igi aRniSnavda: ̀ ierusalimSi oficialuri

vizitis dros Sevxvdi patriarq diodoros I-s da davayene ierusalimis jvris

monastris gadmocemis sakiTxi. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, berZnebi Cvens

Txovnas enTuziazmiT ar Sexvedrian, Tumca Segvpirdnen sakiTxis ganxilvas.

saWiroa mTavrobis daxmareba. warmatebis SemTxvevaSi Tqven daimsaxurebT Cveni

xalxis samudamo madlierebas~.

ierusalimis jvris monastris sakiTxis mogvarebaze muSaobs patriarqis

locva-kurTxeviT Seqmnili mecnierTa da biznesmenTa jgufi. israelis

mTavroba, qarTveli ebraeloba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo

eklesias srul mxardaWeras ucxadebs. aseT viTarebaSi ierusalimis jvris

monastris berZenma berebma monasterSi qarTvelTa SeSveba SezRudes,

gaurkvevel viTarebaSi dazianda rusTavelis freska. am samwuxaro faqtebis

miuxedavad, imedi unda viqonioT, rom istoriuli samarTlianoba aRdgeba da

jvris monasteri saqarTvelos aucileblad daubrundeba...

kaTolikos-patriarqma 1979 wlis maisSi, bulgareTSi vizitis dros,

moinaxula petriwonis qarTvelTa monasteri, romelic 1083 wels grigol

bakurianisZis mier aris daarsebuli. bulgareTis patriarqma uwmidesma maqsimem

ganacxada, rom mzad iyo nebismier dros mieRo qarTveli berebi amJamad baCkovos

monastrad wodebul petriwonSi.

uwmidesma da unetaresma 1977-2007 wlebSi moiloca sazRvargareT arsebuli

yvela eklesia-monasteri, sadac ki qarTvelebs uRvawiaT, sadac qarTuli

siwmindeebia daculi, pativi miago Cvens saxelovan da istoriis miRma darCenil

usaxelo gmirebs, romelnic emsaxurebodnen dedaeklesias, dedasamSoblos.

uwmidesma da unetaresma moaxerxa dakavSireboda 1927 wlidan saqarTvelos

88

sapatriarqos iurisdiqciidan gasul parizis wmida ninos saxelobis eklesiis

winamZRvar dekanoz ilia melias.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi qarTveli salxis sulieri

erTianobis simboloa. sazRvargareTul qarTul monastrebTan saukuneTa

manZilze gawyvetili kavSiris aRdgeniT man saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias

Zveli sidiade da qristianul aRmosavleTSi gamorCeuli misia daubruna.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia istoriulad

gamorCeuli iyo qarTvel wmindanTa simravliT. Cveni eklesia Rvawlsa

da Tavdadebas ar ukargavda arc sasuliero da arc saero pirebs. Taobebi

izrdebodnen da izrdebian qarTvel wmindanTa cxovrebis magaliTze. XIX

saukuneSi rusi egzarqosebi cdilobdnen, qarTvelobas daeviwyebina erovnul

wmindanTa dResaswaulebi. XX saukuneSi, bolSevikuri aTeisturi mmarTvelobis

xanaSi, gansakuTrebiT 20-70-ian wlebSi, rodesac eklesiis saqmianobis

areali SezRuduli iyo, xolo wmida sinodis Semadgenloba _ arasruli (5-7

mRvdelmTavari), axali wmindanebis kanonizaciaze fiqri araseriozulad

aRiqmeboda. Tumca, 1979 wlidan, uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT,

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Seiqmna sasuliero da saero mecnierTa komisia,

romelsac unda emsjela saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

mier axlo momavalSi wmindanebad Sesaracx pirTa Sesaxeb.

XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba

sabWouri azrovnebisa da Rirebulebebis msxvreviT daiwyo. am mxriv pirveli

seriozuli nabiji saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam

gadadga. 1987 wlis 20 ivliss, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviTa da wmida sinodis

ganCinebiT, qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe gansakuTrebuli

damsaxurebisaTvis ilia WavWavaZe Seiracxa wmindanad da ewoda mas `wmida

ilia marTali~. uwmidesma da unetaresma SesaniSnavad axsna am didi pirovnebis

Rvawli: ìlia WavWavaZis moRvaweoba iwyeba saqarTvelosaTvis sabediswero

Jams, rodesac Cvenma qveyanam dakarga saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba,

rodesac saqarTvelos eklesias mohkveTes Tavi da daumorCiles ruseTis

eklesiis uwmides sinods, rodesac qarTveli inteligencia da Tavadaznauroba

iyo umoqmedo da kmayofili ruseTis imperatorisgan boZebuli TanamdebobebiT

da Cin-medlebiT. am dros RvTis gangebiT mogvevlina ilia WavWavaZe, rogorc

winaswarmetyveli, rogorc `xma mRaRadebeli udabnosa Sina~, rogorc sityva

marTali da WeSmariti, rogorc mqadagebeli da winamZRvari. man aRasrula

Tavisi Tavdadebuli cxovrebiT mcneba uflisa: `romel hnebavs Semdgomad

Cemda, uarhyavn Tavi Tvisi da aRiRen jvari Tvisi da Semomidgebian me~ (maTe

16,24). man aRasrula ufro metic, mxolod Tavisi jvari ki ara, mTeli eris

jvari itvirTa~.

89

ilia WavWavaZis wmindanad Seracxvas didi gamoxmaureba mohyva

saqarTveloSi. sagazeTo interviuSi saTauriT `marTali viTarca finiki

aRyuavnes~, patriarqma kidev erTxel aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis mier

ilia WavWavaZis wmindanad Seracxva aRiarebaa ara marto ilias pirovnebisa,

aramed im didi saqmisa da idealebisa, romelTac igi mTeli cxovrebis manZilze

erTgulad emsaxureboda.

erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi da eklesiuri TavisTavadobis idealebis

erTgulebisaTvis, uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviTa

da wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, 1995-2015 wlebSi wmindanebad Seiracxnen

kaTolikosebi: petre I da samoeli; kaTolikos-patriarqebi: melqisedek I,

kirion II da ambrosi (xelaia); quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari da samRvdelo

krebuli misi; episkoposebi: zosime kumurdoeli, aleqsandre (oqropiriZe),

gabrieli (qiqoZe); mitropolitebi: dosiTeoz quTaTeli da eqvTime gaenaTeli;

imerTa mefe solomon II, cotne dadiani, saqarTvelos erovnuli Rirsebis

dasacavad msxverplad Sewiruli dimitri yifiani, eqvTime TayaiSvili; mRvdel-

monazonni: Teodore aWareli, ilarion qarTveli, ioane (maisuraZe), giorgi

(mxeiZe), grigoli (feraZe), aleqsi (SuSania), eqvTime (kereseliZe), klarjeTis

udabnos Rirsni mamani da dedani, Tevdore kvelTeli, wmida mowameni qarTvelni,

sparseTSi mowyvetilni... 2012 wlis 20 dekembers wmida sinodma miiRo ganCineba

arqimandrit gabrielis (urgebaZe) wmindanad Seracxvis Sesaxeb. uwmidesma da

unetaresma wmindanTa dasSi SeracxviT xelaxla gaaciskrovna maTi didni saqmeni

da gaaZliera zeciuri saqarTvelo. TiToeuli wmindanis xsenebis dRes patriarqi

morwmune qarTvelobas Seaxsenebs maT Rvawlsa da Tavdadebas samSoblosa da

dedaeklesiisaTvis. saqarTveloSi Seiqmna axladSeracxil wmindanTa xatebi,

maT saxelze Sendeba eklesiebi. patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, Znelbedobis

Jams marTlmadideblTa cnobierebaSi gafermkrTalebuli didi saeklesio

dResaswaulebi kvlav sazeimo da tradiciuli gaxda.

patriarqi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs samociqulo avto-

kefaliuri eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis, Sidasaeklesio kanonmdeblobis srul-

yofis sakiTxebs. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, XX saukuneSi, cameti saeklesio kreba Catarda,

romelnic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis kaTolikos-

patriarqebis arCevnebs, eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebaTa damtkicebas

mieZRvna. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebebi

damtkicda 1917, 1927, 1945, 1995 wlebSi. ilia II-is moRvaweobis periodSi Catarda

me-12 saeklesio kreba (1977w.) da me-13 gafarToebuli kreba (1995 w.), romelmac

daamtkica saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis marTva-

gamgeobis axali debuleba. uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is didi Zalisxmevis

Sedegia is, rom postsabWoTa sivrceSi saqarTvelo erTaderTi qveyanaa,

90

romlis eklesiam 2002 wlis 14 oqtombers gaaforma konstituciuri SeTanxmeba

(konkordati) saxelmwifosTan, romlis Tanaxmadac saqarTvelos saxelmwifo

aRiarebs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas. am SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, èklesia warmoadgens istoriulad

Camoyalibebul sajaro samarTlis subieqts, romelic Tavis saqmianobas

warmarTavs saeklesio samarTlis normebiT. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis

Sesabamisad, eklesiis sakuTreba da sxva qonebrivi uflebebi daculia kanoniT.

saxelmwifo eklesiis sakuTrebad cnobs saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze

arsebul marTlmadideblur taZrebs, monastrebs (moqmedsa da aramoqmeds), maT

nangrevebs, agreTve miwis nakveTebs, romlebzec isinia ganlagebuli. saxelmwifo

eklesiis sakuTrebad cnobs saxelmwifo dacvaSi (muzeumebsa da sacavebSi) myof

saeklesio saganZurs, saxelmwifo da eklesia erToblivad zrunaven istoriul-

kulturuli da arqeologiur-arqiteqturuli faseulobebis mqone saeklesio

nagebobebisa da saeklesio saganZuris dacvisa da movla-patronobisaTvis.

saxelmwifo adasturebs XIX-XX saukuneebSi (gansakuTrebiT 1921-1990 wlebSi),

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis dakargvis periodSi, eklesiisaTvis

materialuri da moraluri zianis miyenebis faqts, rogorc CamorTmeuli

qonebis nawilis faqtobrivi mflobeli, iRebs valdebulebas materialuri

zianis nawilobriv kompensaciaze~. am SeTanxmebis xelmoweriT aRmoifxvra is

usamarTloba, romelsac bolSevikuri xelisufleba axorcielebda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mimarT (devna-Seviwroeba, iuridiuli

statusis CamorTmeva) da eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis

mowesrigebis winapiroba gaxda.

91

Tavi VI. erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba.saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia _ qarTvelTa erTianobis simbolo

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia qarTveli xalxis

Tavisuflebis simboloa. Sua saukuneebSi mravalricxovan mtrebTan

brZolaSi saero pirebTan erTad sasuliero pirebic monawileobdnen.

dedaeklesia ara marto sulierad amxnevebda samwysos, aramed saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi brZolis wina xazzec idga. mravalma sasuliero pirma samSoblo

mowamebrivi sikvdiliT ixsna gansacdelisagan. Tevdore kvelTelis

magaliTi naTeli dasturia sasuliero pirTa Tavdadebisa da simtkicisa.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis bavSvobam da studentobam saqarTvelos

sazRvrebs iqiT Caiara, magram misi ojaxi vladikavkazSi saqarTvelos siyvaruliT

iyo aRsavse. giorgi simonis Ze SiolaSvilma umcros vaJiSvils qarTl-kaxeTis

gmiri mefis _ erekle II-is pativsacemad irakli daarqva. bunebrivia, siyrmesa

da siymawvileSi momavali patriarqi ojaxSi xSirad moismenda samSoblosaTvis

Tavdadebuli ̀ patara kaxis~ brZolebis Sesaxeb. vladikavkazis qarTvelobisaTvis

mniSvnelovani iyo wmida ninos saxelobis qarTuli eklesia da qarTuli skola.

garda amisa, iqidan mSobliur snomde xom erTi saaTis gza iyo gasavleli.

SiolaSvilebis ojaxi zafxuls tradiciulad xevSi _ snoSi atarebda. momavali

patriarqis msoflmxedvelobis formirebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda

wmida qalaq mcxeTaSi sauflo kvarTis dResaswaulebze daswrebas.

sasuliero seminariasa da akademiaSi swavlis dros axalgazrda irakli

SiolaSvils kidev ufro gaumZafrda samSoblos siyvaruli. axalgazrda

seminarieli araerTxel acremlebula uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis anton II-is tragikuli cxovrebis gamo.

igi gaocebuli iyo uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II-is gautexelobiTa da

samSoblosaTvis TavdadebiT. mis mexsierebaSi samudamod aRibeWda kaTolikos-

patriarqi kalistrate, romelmac daloca imxanad ymawvili, momavali

kaTolikos-patriarqi. student irakli SiolaSvilis sakvalifikacio Temac _

àTonis iverTa monastris istoria~ _ samSoblosa da dedaeklesias eZRvneboda.

saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli momavali kaTolikos-patriarqi didi

yuradRebiT usmenda saqarTvelos eklesiis cocxal matianeebs: kaTolikos-

patriarq efrem II-s, evagre diasamiZes, parTen afciaurs, naom SavianiZes. cxum-

afxazeTSi, TiTqmis garusebul eparqiaSi, Tavisi mRvdelmTavrobis periodSi,

man 12 qarTveli sasuliero piri Caiyvana da moqmed eklesiebSi daadgina.

rogorc Cans, misma oponentebma icodnen mitropolit ilias popularoba

qarTvel disidentebSi, amitom siamovnebiT afrines depeSa moskovSi _ momavali

patriarqis komunisturi sistemisadmi uaryofiTi ganwyobis Sesaxeb.

92

moskovis mizani, 1956 wlis 9 martis sisxliani angariSsworebiT

daeSinebina xalxi, uSedego aRmoCnda. sisxliani tragediis Semdeg sul male

TbilisSi gamoCnda proklamaciebi: `dgeba Cveni eris yofna-aryofnis sakiTxi,

droa SeverTdeT erTi droSis qveS Cveni samSoblos dampyroblis winaaRmdeg

sabrZolvelad~. dampyrobeli sabWoTa imperia kidev ufro aZlierebda zewolas

respublikebze, internacionalizmis droSiT daundoblad ebrZoda erovnuli

cnobierebis safuZvlebs: saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias,

qarTul enasa da literaturas.

aseTi daufaravi rusifikacia qarTveli inteligenciis ukmayofilebisa

da erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobis safuZveli gaxda.

XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi moqmedebda ramdenime aralegaluri

organizacia, romelTa mizani qarTveli xalxis erovnuli interesebisaTvis

brZola iyo. erovnuli moZraobis mesveurni TavianTi rigebis gaZlierebas

sasuliero pirebTan kontaqtis meSveobiT cdilobdnen, magram, radgan

sasuliero pirTa umravlesobas sakuTar Tavze hqonda gamocdili 1920-50-iani

wlebis represiebi, gadasaxleba, terori, maTi erovnul moZraobaSi CarTva

saTuo iyo. axalgazrda sasuliero pirebis erovnul moZraobaSi monawileobas

didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda. jer mRvdelmonazoni, Semdeg episkoposi,

mitropoliti da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da

unetaresi ilia II did saqmes akeTebda _ axali sasuliero kadrebis momzadeba,

sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro centrebTan urTierTobis aRdgena,

brZola saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis

saerTaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis Tu cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis iurisdiqciis ganmtkiceba...

TiToeuli misi nabiji Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli

qarTveli axalgazrdobis STagonebis safuZveli gaxda. patriarqis mogzauroba

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, samSoblos siyvaruliT gamTbari qadagebebi

yvela qarTvelis guls salbunad edeboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma aRadgina

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi qarTvel mefeTa da

wmindanebad Seracxul saero da sasuliero moRvaweTa xsenebis dReebis

gansakuTrebulad sazeimo viTarebaSi aRniSvna. aTasobiT axalgazrda kvlav

daubrunda Tavis istoriul fesvebs da gatacebiT daiwyo mravaltanjuli

saqarTvelos istoriisa da literaturis Seswavla. gasuli saukunis 70-80-ian

wlebSi yvelaze prestiJul specialobebad istorikosoba da filologoba iqca.

XX saukunis 70-iani wlebis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT patriarqi aRniSnavs:

`Cvenma eklesiam gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrula erovnuli moZraobis

aRmavlobis saqmeSi. Cvenma axalgazrda politikosebma swored aq daiwyes

TavianTi moRvaweoba... rodesac eklesiaSi inteligenciisa da axalgazrdobis

mosvlis Sesaxeb vsaubrob, minda ganvmarto, amis mizezi iyo ara imdenad rwmena,

93

ramdenadac Zieba rwmenisa. maT ukve aRar swamdaT komunisturi ideebisa da

eklesias moaSures, rwmena da suliereba maT eklesiam misca~ am viTarebaSi

sabWoTa specsamsaxurebma amoqmedes XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi Cadebuli

naRmebi da erovnuli TavisTavadobisaTvis mebrZol urC respublikebSi

xeli Seuwyves ukanonod Seqmnil avtonomiur warmonaqmnTa separatistul

moZraobas. Tavisuflebisa da demokratiuli RirebulebebisaTvis mebrZol

qarTvelobas afxazi da osi seperatistebis meSveobiT ruseTis reaqciuli

Zalebi upirispirdebodnen.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis idea kidev

ufro popularuli gaxda 1988 wlis noembris masobrivi aqciebis Semdeg.

1989 wlis mart-aprilSi, afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi _ politikuri

viTarebis gamwvavebis fonze _ Tbilissa da saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebSi sabWoTa

kavSiris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli masobrivi

gamosvlebi daiwyo. 1989 wlis 4 aprilidan saprotesto aqciebis centrad

Tbilisi, mTavrobis sasaxlis moedani iqca. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis aRdgenis moTxovna mTavari iyo, ramac moskovis ganrisxeba

gamoiwvia. moskovis sakavSiro mTavrobis miTiTebiT, adgilobrivma marionetulma

xelisuflebam gadawyvetileba miiRo 8 aprils mTavrobis sasaxlis wina

moednis momitingeTagan ZaliT ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. dedaqalaqSi situacia

umarTavi gaxda. momitingeTa raodenoba izrdeboda. Tbilisis vazianis

aeroportSi samxedro TviTmfrinavebiT aTasobiT jariskaci Camoiyvanes.

dedaqalaqis quCebSi samxedro teqnika gamoCnda. Ramis 12 saaTze tankebi sionis

eklesiasTan, sanapiro quCaze gamovidnen. patriarqma gadawyvita misuliyo

mTavrobis sasaxlesTan. `Ramis 3 saaTze me mivedi mTavrobis sasaxlesTan da

iq myofni gavafrTxile, rom saSiSroeba realuri iyo. vTxove, salocavad

Sesuliyvnen iqve axlos mdebare qvaSueTis wmida giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi.

demonstracia mSvidobiani iyo, isini aravis ar emuqrebodnen da amitomac

veravin warmoidgenda, rom maT winaaRmdeg xelketebs, niCbebs da momwamvlel

gazs gamoiyenebdnen. Tumc ar vicodi, ra unda momxdariyo, magram saSinelma

winaTgrZnobam momicva da gadavwyvite, maTTan erTad davrCeniliyavi, rom

maTi xvedri gameziarebina~ _ brZana maSin saqarTvelos patriarqma. mTavrobis

saxlis win saSineli angariSsworeba daiwyo, kbilebamde SeiaraRebuli rusi

jariskacebi daundoblad arbevdnen momitingeebs. uwmidesi da unetaresi

xalxma samSvidoboze gaiyvana.

gaTenda 9 aprili. Tbilisi sabWoTa jarebis mier iyo okupirebuli.

xalxi Savi droSebiT gamovida quCebSi da ase gamoxata protesti momxdaris

gamo. daiRupa 21 da moiwamla aTasobiT adamiani. 9 aprils ilia II-m sionis

sapatriarqo taZarSi gardacvlilTa mosaxsenebeli pirveli panaSvidi

gadaixada da maT samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis msxverplad Sewirulebi

94

uwoda. _ Cven vglovobT, magram amave dros, vmadlobT RmerTs, rom gvyolia

mravali gmiri, romlebic mzad arian Tavi Seswiron samSoblos. maTi saxelebi

ukvdavia, _ Tqva man.

panaSvidis dros xalxi tiroda. saRamos sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi

ToTxmeti gardacvlili moasvenes. es iyo umZimesi dReebi yvela qarTvelisaTvis,

umZimesi iyo patriarqisTvis, romelsac, rTuli viTarebis miuxedavad,

sruliad saqarTvelo unda gaemxnevebina. verc komendantis saaTma da verc

represiebma ver Searyia qarTveli xalxis swrafva Tavisuflebisaken. Tbilissa

da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqSi adamianebi masobrivad tovebdnen sabWoTa

kavSiris kompartiis rigebs, mandatebs ki koconze wvavdnen.

9 aprilis movlenebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi azrovnebis wesi Seicvala.

komunisturma ideologiam sruli kraxi ganicada. sabWoTa ideologiuri

samsaxurebis mcdeloba TbilisSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi erT muWa

àntisocialisturi brbos mcdeloba iyo gamoewviaT uwesrigoba da areuloba~

aravin daijera. moskovis presa imasac werda TiTqos 9 aprils gamTeniisas

rusTavelis gamzirze aboboqrebul brbos saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

mkvleloba hqonda ganzraxuli da igi rusma jariskacebma ixsnes. amas patriarqma

aseTi gancxadebiT upasuxa: `centralur presaSi araerTxel daiwera, TiTqos

demonstrantebs CemTvis Seuracxyofa moeyenebinoT swori ar aris. piriqiT,

roca mSvidobiani demonstrantebis winaaRmdeg tankebi daiZrnen, Cems win

axalgazrdebma kedeli aRmarTes, raTa xifaTi ara SemTxveoda ra~.

eris sulieri winamZRoli daufaravad mianiSnebda im samwuxaro da

saxifaTo tendencias Sesaxeb, romelic saqarTveloSi 1989 wlis 9 aprilis Semdeg

viTardeboda. erTis mxriv xalxma gaiTavisa saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi

Tavisuflebis idea, magram meores mxriv `dadga dro ufrosi Taobis jer

arnaxuli daundobeli lanZRvisa im sababiT, TiTqos man daRupa saqarTvelo. is

ki gvaviwydeba, rom XIX-XX saukuneebSi Cveni eris cxovrebaSi momxdari faqtebi

Sedegi iyo swored qarTvelTa sulieri donis dakninebisa, sulmokleobisa,

urTierTmtrobisa~. patriarqi grZnobda, rom sxvadasxva politikur partiebad

daqsaqsul qarTvel erSi gaRrmavdeboda urTierTdapirispireba, romelic Cveni

qveynisaTvis mZime SedegebiT dasruldeboda. misi iniciativiT, 1990 wlis 19

marts sxvadasxva politikuri partiis liderebma sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi

erTianobis fici dades: àm dRes imZlavra CvenSi miZinebulma siyvarulma,

SeerTda daqsaqsuli qarTuli suli, sinanulis madliT ganibana da Tanadgomisa

da TanagrZnobis surviliT aRvsili erTgulebis ficiT warsdga RvTis winaSe

.... RmerTma isminos maTi, RmerTma dalocos da Sekras saqarTvelo~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi Tavis qadagebebsa da epistoleebSi afrTxilebda

qarTvelobas, yofiliyo mimtevebeli, didsulovani da winaparTa Rvawlis

damfasebeli, rom Sejibri da qiSpoba, vin ufro kargi qarTvelia, vis ufro

95

uyvars Cveni samSoblo, Seuwynarebloba gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis mimarT

da gacxarebuli polemikis dros erTmaneTis Semkoba samSoblos moRalatis

iarliyiT saqarTvelos momavlisaTvis did safrTxes warmoadgenda.

`Tavisufleba ar aris yvelafris ufleba, aramed igia mudmivi TviTkontroli

da misi saSualebiT codvis monobisagan Tavis daRweva; Tavisufleba mSvenieria,

sasurveli da axlobeli, magram igi, amave dros, saSiSicaa, radgan TiToeul

Cvengans did pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs. Tavisufleba adamians aZlevs arCevanis,

iniciativis gamoCenis, Sexedulebebis Secvlis saSualebas... magram, amave dros,

pasuxsac sTxovs yvela mis moqmedebasa da gadawyvetilebaze~, _ aRniSnavda

uwmidesi da unetaresi.

1990 wlis 28 oqtombris mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi

damarcxda komunisturi xelisufleba da gaimarjva erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli

moZraobis im frTam, romelsac saTaveSi zviad gamsaxurdia edga. 14 noembers

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sabWos Tavmjdomared zviad gamsaxurdia airCies. uzenaesi

sabWos am istoriul sxdomas miesalma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. axalma erovnulma xelisuflebam daiwyo

komunisturi sistemis demontaJi: 1991 wlis 31 marts saqarTveloSi Catarda

referendumi saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis moTxovniT,

rasac mosaxleobis umravlesobam mxari dauWira; 1991 wlis 9 aprils saqarTvelos

uzenaesma sabWom gamoacxada saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis

aRdgena; 26 maiss zviad gamsaxurdia gaxda saqarTvelos pirveli prezidenti.

rogorc man ganacxada, iwyeboda saqarTvelos golgoTa. jer kidev arsebulma

sabWoTa imperiam Cveni qveynis winaaRmdeg amuSava mis xelT arsebuli yvela

berketi: sainformacio omi, eTnokonfliqtebis inspirireba afxazeTsa da Sida

qarTlSi, ZirgamomTxreli saqmianoba eTnikurad araqarTvelebiT dasaxlebul

regionebSi. amas daerTo xelisuflebis gareT darCenil opoziciur partiaTa

mkveTri dapirispireba erovnul xelisuflebasTan.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II grZnobda Seqmnili viTarebis seriozulobas.

igi sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi xvdeboda erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli

moZraobis, inteligenciis, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, mouwodebda, rom

molaparakebaTa gziT gadaewyvitaT arsebuli uTanxmoebani. sapatriarqoSi

Sexvedrebze miwveuli politikur partiaTa warmomadgenlebi ismendnen mis

azrs, rom `dRes WeSmarit rwmenas urwmunoeba ki ar upiripirdeba, aramed,

cru sarwmunoeba, romelsac WeSmaritebis didi pretenzia aqvs. namdvil

Tavisuflebas TviTneboba da TavaSvebuloba cvlis, romelic isev urcxvad

iCemebs Tavisuflebis saxels.~.. magram yurad ar iRebdnen da kvlavac

Tavisas ganagrZobdnen. uwmidesi da unetaresi gauTavebeli mitingebiTa da

urTierTbraldebebiT damZimebul qarTvelobas afrTxilebda: `gonierni maSin

viqnebiT, Tu saqmis keTebas daviwyebT ara lanZRviT, aramed erTmaneTis gverdSi

96

amodgomiT, erTmaneTis mosmeniT, urTierTgagebiT, kargi ideebis gaziarebiT.

sxva gza ar arsebobs, sxva gza damRupvelia~.

samwuxarod, qarTveli xalxi ver iTvaliswinebda istoriis mware gakveTilebs.

jer kidev XV saukunis 40-50-ian wlebSi, rodesac bizantiis imperia ukanasknel

dReebs iTvlida, msoflio politikur asparezze axali agresiuli osmaleTi

gamodioda. imis nacvlad, rom mosalodneli saSiSroeba gaeTvaliswinebinaT,

qarTveli mefe-mTavarni urTierTdapirispirebis WaobSi gadaeSvnen da Sedegad

XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi provinciebad daSlili, iran-osmaleTis saTareSod qceuli

saqarTvelo miiRes. 1990-1991 wlebSi, rodesac sabWoTa imperiam saqarTvelos

saxiT pirveli Tavisuflebismoyvare urCi respublika miiRo da mis winaaRmdeg

brZola gaaCaRa, qarTvelobas erTsulovneba da monoliTuroba sWirdeboda.

antiqarTuli isteriis koconi gizgizebda afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi,

qarTveloba urTierTdapirispirebisa da mitingebis ferxulSi Caeba. erovnuli

xelisuflebis seriozuli Secdoma iyo opoziciasTan TanamSromlobaze uaris

Tqma, Tumca opoziciac verasodes gaimarTlebs Tavs imiT, rom 1991 wlis 4

seqtembris incidentiTa da saprotesto moZraobis aRmavlobiT did erovnul

saqmes vakeTebdiTo.

patriarqma kidev erTxel scada saqarTveloSi Seqmnili umZimesi

politikuri viTarebis ganmuxtva. `miuxedavad imisa, rom sulsa da xasiaTSi

gvizis siCqare, sulswrafoba unda daviokoT, xom faqtia, rom vCqarobT, bevr

Secdomas vuSvebT`_ aRniSnavda igi. man 1990 wlis seqtemberSi mTavrobisa da

opoziciis warmomadgenlebi Tavis rezidenciaSi miiwvia mosalaparakeblad.

saqarTvelos patriarqs Tavisi xeliT Camouweria molaparakebaze gansaxilveli

sakiTxebi: `1. orive mxarem SeinarCunos poziciebi; 2. SeCerdes gamosvlebi; 3.

prezidentma gaakeTos gancxadeba, rom xalxi wavides saxlebSi; 4. dainiSnos

uzenaesi sabWos sesia; 5. televiziaSi dainiSnos opoziciis saaTi; 6.

ganTavisufldnen politpatimrebi; 7. aRiarebul iqnes opozicia~. samwuxarod,

SeTanxmeba ver moxerxda...

1991 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi saqarTveloSi daiwyo umarTavi procesebi,

romlebic gadaizarda 1991-1992 wlebis dekember-ianvris samoqalaqo

dapirispirebaSi. zviad gamsaxurdias xelisufleba samxedro ZaliT daemxo.

qveyanaSi samoqalaqo omi daiwyo. ilia II-is mcdeloba, SeeCerebina es procesi,

uSedego aRmoCnda. uwmidesma da unetaresma 1991 wlis 23 dekembers kidev

erTxel mimarTa qarTvel ers: ùmZimesia dRevandeli mdgomareoba, saqarTvelo

misulia daRupvis piramde, iRvreba qarTvelTa sisxli, saqarTvelos emuqreba

samoqalaqo omi. vxedavT ra daZabul situacias, movuwodeT dapirispirebul

mxareebs dialogisaken, raTa mSvidobiani gziT gadawyvetiliyo problemebi,

Tavidan agvecilebina ZmaTa sisxlisRvra. dialogi marTlac Sedga, magram

nayofi ver gamoiRo. vgrZnobT ra momaval mZime Sedegebs, saqarTvelos

97

eklesiis, samRvdeloebisa da morwmune eris saxeliT, kidev erTxel mogmarTavT

dapirispirebul mxareebs: gamoiCineT sibrZne da goniereba, igrZeniT

pasuxismgebloba RvTisa da eris winaSe da yvelaferi gaakeTeT imisaTvis, rom

mSvidobiani molaparakebis gziT gadawyvitoT sadavo sakiTxebi, momavali Taoba

daafasebs Tqvens keTilgonierebas~. samwuxarod, eris sulieri mamis Segoneba

arc amjerad Seismines.

rusTavelis gamzirze pirveli tyvia gavarda... 1991 wlis 24 dekembridan

1992 wlis 6 ianvramde saqarTvelos dedaqalaqis centraluri ubani rusTavelis

prospeqti cecxlis alSi iyo gaxveuli. gareSe Zalebis waqezebiTa da mxardaWeriT

opoziciurma Zalebma daamxes zviad gamsaxurdias xelisufleba. gamsaxurdia

jer somxeTSi, iqidan ki groznoSi gadavida. TbilisSi samxedro sabWo Seiqmna.

dapirispirebam gadainacvla saqarTvelos regionebSi, rasac katastrofuli

Sedegebi mohyva Cveni cxovrebis yvela sferoSi.

samoqalaqo dapirispirebam saqarTveloSi ara marto materialuri, aramed

sulieri cxovrebis Rrma krizisic gamoiwvia. `ZmaTa sisxlisRvriT gamowveuli

tkivili bolomde gacnobierebuli ar aris, _ aRniSnavda saqarTvelos patriarqi,

_ tragedia moxda, magram Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamosasvlel swor gzas

ver vipoviT, Tu movlenebs miukerZoeblad ar gavaanalizebT da yvelasaTvis

samwuxaro Sedegis mizezebs ar aRmovfxvriT. saqarTvelos istoriaSi moxda

metad savalalo faqti: eri daiyo. qalaqebsa da soflebSi, samsaxurebSi,

mosaxleoba daupirispirda erTmaneTs, daupirispirda Taobebi, ojaxis wevrebi~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi xelaxla Seudga eris sulieri gamTlianebis

rTul process. amave dros, patriarqma _ saqarTvelosaTvis Tavsmoxveuli

inspirirebuli konfliqtebis pirobebSi, rodesac qveyana realurad istoriuli

teritoriebis warTmevis safrTxis winaSe dadga, qveynis saTaveSi samoqalaqo

dapirispirebis fonze mosul xelisuflebas ki aranairi avtoriteti ar hqonda

_ TviTon ikisra axali qarTuli saxelmwifos saero da sasuliero meTauris

misia. man jer kidev 1992 wlis oqtomberSi mimarTa ruseTis patriarq aleqsi

II-s da afxazeTSi datrialebul tragediaSi brali ruseTis im Zalebs dasdo,

romelnic ver eguebodnen saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv damoukideblobas.

ilia II-m gaeros generalur mdivans _ baton butros galis mosTxova, saqarTvelo

ruseTis agresiisagan msoflio Tanamegobrobas daecva, xolo ruseTis

prezident boris elcins _ qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatareba, raTa aRkveTiliyo

ruseTis federaciis teritoriidan SeiaraRebuli `boevikebis~ Semosvla,

ruseTis samxedro bazebidan sabrZolo teqnikis Semotana da daufaravi agresia

saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.

kaTolikos-patriarqi grZnobda, rom Tu saqarTveloSi samxedro

xelisuflebis Semdeg arCevnebis gziT mosuli axali xelisufleba ar

gadadgamda qmediT nabijebs erovnuli Serigebis, qveynis ekonomikis

98

gajansaRebis, saerTaSoriso aRiarebisa da saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela

erisa da erovnebis mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebisaken, saqarTvelos axladSeqmnil

saxelmwifos momavali ar eqneboda. patriarqi afrTxilebda im adamianebs,

romelTac Tavisufleba yvelafris uflebad miaCndaT: `gana SeiZleba WeSmarit

Tavisuflebaze saubari iq, sadac uars amboben zneobriv cxovrebaze da mis

nacvlad propaganda eweva `yvelaferi nebadarTulia`-s princips? nuTu

normaluri yofa eTqmis im garemos, sadac adamianis katastrofuli sulieri

dacemis process Tavisuflebisaken swrafvad saxelsdeben da saSineli codvis

monobas adamianis bunebriv mdgomareobad acxadeben?~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia 1991-1992 wlebis

dekember-ianvris movlenebis, 1992-1993 wlebSi samoqalaqo dapirispirebis,

afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi datrialebuli tragikuli movlenebis Semdeg

sxvadasxva politikuri Sexedulebis mixedviT daqucmacebul saqarTveloSi

erTiani erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi cnobierebis simbolo iyo.

saqarTvelosaTvis erT-erT mtkivneul problemad afxazeTis sakiTxi

iqca. is, rac XIX saukuneSi ver moaxerxa ruseTma, XX saukunis dasawyisidan

warmatebiT ganaxorciela. afxazebis garkveul nawilSi gaCnda qarTvelTagan

gaucxoebis tendencia. garusebuli afxazebisaTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda

1918-1921 wlebis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika, magram im dros

saqarTvelos mTavrobam moaxerxa separatistuli tendenciebis aRkveTa da

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi mTlianobis SenarCuneba. 1921 wlis TebervalSi

sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da avtonomiebad daqucmacebis

Semdeg afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi, moskovis waqezebiT, antiqarTulma

moZraobam mizanmimarTuli xasiaTi SeiZina. am dros araerTi wigni da statia

daibeWda afxazebis, gaafxazebuli qarTvelebisa da rusebis avtorobiT,

romlebSic gayalbebuli iyo afxazTa da qarTvelTa urTierTobis sakiTxebi.

gayalbebuli istoria iqca afxaz separatistTa ideologiur safuZvlad. qarTvel

istorikosebs ufleba ar hqondaT, pasuxi gaecaT istoriis gamyalbeblebisaTvis.

Seiqmna paradoqsuli viTareba _ afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis

teritoriaze mcxovrebi 300 000-ze meti qarTveli 80 aTasi afxazisagan

diskriminirebuli aRmoCnda. afxazoba privilegiad iqca. bevrma qarTvelma ver

gauZlo wnexs da gaafxazda. cxum-afxazeTis eparqia istoriulad saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis ganuyofeli nawili iyo, magram qarTuli

mosaxleobis mciredmorwmuneobis gamo afxazeTis teritoriaze mZlavrobda

rusi mrevli, romelsac saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi yofna ar

surda. religiis saqmeTa rwmunebuli afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi a.

lagvilava aqtiurad TanamSromlobda separatistul ZalebTan da saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis iurisdiqciis Sesustebas cdilobda.

saqarTveloSi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobis

99

paralelurad afxazeTSi kidev ufro Zlierdeboda separatistuli tendenciebi,

rac saboloo jamSi, rusuli specsamsaxurebiT inspirirebul, 1992-1993 ww.

qarTul-afxazur samxedro konfliqtSi gadaizarda.

saqarTvelos patriarqma sagangebo weriliT mimarTa afxazebs: ̀ saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT, kidev erTxel gamovTqvam did gulistkivils

imis gamo, rom saqarTveloSi, kerZod _ afxazeTSi, kvlav iRvreba sisxli gareSe

Zalebis CareviT. es is Zalebi arian, romelnic asazrdoeben centridanul

elementebs, isini ki, utopiuri ideebiT Sepyrobilni, miznad isaxaven Cveni

qveynis dayofas; magram es cdebi amaoa. afxazeTi iseTive ganuyofeli nawilia

saqarTvelosi, rogorc qarTli, imereTi, samegrelo... saukuneTa manZilze Cven

da afxazi xalxi vcxovrobdiT erTad da kvlavac vicxovrebT, Cven gvakavSirebs

ara marto erTi miwa-wyali, aramed _ naTesauri kavSiri da urTierTpativiscema.

mamaSviluri siyvaruliT mivmarTav yvelas: nu CaidenT danaSauls, romlisac

mere SegrcxvebaT, vicxovroT dalocvil saqarTveloSi erTad, mSvidobiTa da

TanxmobiT~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II yvela oficialur Sexvedraze xazgasmiT

aRniSnavs, rom problemebi, romelnic ruseTsa da saqarTvelos urTierTobebSi

arsebobs, dakavSirebulia afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionTan; saqarTvelo

arasodes Seurigdeba am teritoriebis dakargvas; ruseTs samxreTi sazRvrebis

stabilurobisaTvis erTiani saqarTvelo unda sWirdebodes.

patriarqi Tavis epistoleebSi araerTxel Seexo afxazeTis sakiTxs.

uwmidesi da unetaresi mouwodebs gansacdelSi Cavardnil qarTvelobas, ar

gaborotdes: `siyvaruli aduRabebs da amTlianebs sruliad saqarTvelos.

albaT esaa umTavresi mizezi imisa, rom warsulSic da axlac Sinauri Tu

gareSe mteri ar mogvklebia _ boroti Zala ebrZvis siyvarulis matarebel

ers, raTa es niWi daakargvinos, radgan icis, miznis miRwevis SemTxvevaSi,

ufals gangvaSorebs~. saqarTvelos patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, cxum-

afxazeTis eparqiis samRvdeloeba gadanawilebulia im eparqiebSi, romlebSic

ltolvilebi cxovroben. patriarqi xvdeba maT, amxnevebs da afasebs maT

Tavdadebas, samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis zvarakad SewirulTaTvis ixdis

sulis mosaxsenebel panaSvidebs. ilia II mianiSnebs afxazeTidan devnilebs,

rom erTianoba, uflisa da samSoblos siyvaruli aris is mTavari, ramac unda

dagvabrunos afxazeTSi.

qarTvelTa urTierTdapirispirebam da gautanlobam didi roli Seasrula

afxazeTSi datrialebul tragediaSi. istoriis gakveTilebi imisaTvis gvWirdeba,

rom aRar gavimeoroT Secdomebi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is locva-

kurTxeviT araerTi wigni gamovida afxazeTze, mis warsulsa da momavalze,

Catarda samecniero konferenciebi, romelTa mizani erTia _ pasuxi gaeces

istoriis gamyalbeblebs, moinaxos afxazeTTan megobruli urTierTobisa da

100

ndobis aRdgenis gzebi, raTa qarTvelebma da afxazebma megobrulad icxovron

erTian saqarTveloSi.

afxazeTis teritoriaze, romelic faqtobrivad okupirebulia,

gaaqtiurebulia ori mimdinareoba, romelTagan erTs saTaveSi udgas dekanozi

besarioni (yofili filia aw apliad gardasaxuli _ s.v.). igi Tavis Tavs

acxadebs àfxazeTis eklesiis meTaurad~ da cdilobs ruseTis eklesiasTan

SeerTebas afxazeTSi marTlmadideblobis ganmtkicebis sababiT, xolo meore

jgufs _ doroTei dbari da misi jgufi, romelmac 2010-2011 wlebSi Seadgina

istoriuli faqtebis damaxinjebiT e.w. àfxazTa sakaTolikosos istoria~ da

daugzavna adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebs.werilSi saqmis

viTareba isea warmodgenili, rom TiTqos afxazeTis teritoriaze uZvelesi

droidan mxolod afxazebi cxovrobdnen da rom saeklesio TvalsazrisiT

ukve IV saukunidan arsebobda afxazTa sakaTolikoso. werilSi CamoTvlilia

XV-XVIII saukuneebSi afxazi kaTolikosebi Tavisi qronologiiT. jer erTi

e.w. àfxazeTis~ sakaTolikoso, romelic VIII-IX saukuneebis mijnaze Seiqmna

yovelTvis iyo mxolod da mxolod qarTuli saeklesio organizacia, romlis

iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze. misi warmoqmna

ukavSirdeboda dasavleT saqarTvelos mefeTa mkveTrad gamoxatul qarTul

saxelmwifoebriv ideologiur-kulturul moRvaweobas, romlis saboloo

mizani qarTuli eTnokulturuli da politikuri samyaros Sekvra da quTaisis

taxtis egidiT saerTo-qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmna iyo. doroTei dbari

asaxelebs ra XV-XVIII saukuneebis afxazTa kaTolikosebs sagangebod Cqmalavs

maT vinaobas, isini iyvnen: qvariani, CxeiZe, nemsaZe, erisTavi, abaSiZe, ServaSiZe,

wulukiZe, sayvareliZe, lorTqifaniZe, maWutaZe. XIX saukuneSic egzarqosobis

xanaSi, afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelni iyvnen: germane gogolaSvili, geronti

papitaSvili, aleqsandre oqropiriZe, gabriel qiqoZe.

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg cxum-afxazeTis

eparqia yovelTvis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi

Sedioda. aq moRvaweobdnen: wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli, mitropolitebi: ioane

margiSvili, melqisedek fxalaZe, qristefore cicqiSvili, romanoz petriaSvili,

ilia SiolaSvili, nikoloz maxaraZe, daviT Wkadua, daniel daTuaSvili,

episkoposi pavle jafariZe, anton gigineiSvili, leonide Jvania.

dbarma moaxerxa ramdenime sasuliero pirTan erTad msoflio sapatriarqoSi

yovladuwmides barTolomeosTan Sexvedrac da moiTxova afxazeTis eklesiis

damoukideblobis aRiareba, magram adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi

aRiareben saqarTvelos eklesiis teritoriul avtokefalias da dbaris

survilebi ganuxorcielebel ocnebad darCeba. uwmidesi da unetaresi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi amave dros aris cxum-afxazeTis

mitropoliti. amiT yvelaferia naTqvami.

101

2008 wlis 9 agvistos, rodesac saqarTvelos sahaero sivrceSi ruseTis

federaciis bombdamSenebi Tbilisis Semogarens bombavdnen. daibomba maxaTas

mTa, Tbilisis saaviacio qarxnis teritoria, kojris midamoebi... Tbilisis

mosaxleobis nawili, CvilbavSviani dedebi samebis sakaTedro taZris teritorias

Seefarnen im imediT, rom aq ufro daculni iqnebodnen. mTeli is Rame patriarqi

samebis taZarSi imyofeboda da amxnevebda xalxs...

15 agvistos uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II konfliqtis zonaSi Sevida.

patriarqi pirvelad okupirebul q. gors estumra, Sexvda saokupacio jaris

xelmZRvanelobas, eparqiaSi mitropolit andrias, Semdeg ki gaemgzavra

cxinvalis raionSi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis ZalisxmeviT moxerxda asobiT

gardacvlilis gadmosveneba da qristianuli wesiT dakrZalva, daWrilebis

gadmoyvana. patriarqis niqozSi Casvlam kidev ufro didi sulieri Zala misca

mitropolit esaias, eparqiis samRvdeloebas, iq darCenil mosaxleobas.

2008 wlis 17 agvistos patriarqma sakaTedro taZarSi qadagebisas

ganacxada: ̀ Cvenma Casvlam iq imedi Caitana~. eris sulierma winamZRolma mouwoda

samwysos: `dRes, rogorc arasdros, eri unda iyos erT muStad Sekruli.

gvWirdeba erTi Zala, erTi neba, rom vZlioT mters~. 2008 wlis 25 agvistos

ruseTis federaciis saxelmwifo dumam saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mkacri

protestis miuxedavad, afxazeTisa da e. w. samxreT oseTis `damoukidebloba~

aRiara. amasTan dakavSirebiT man oficialurad ganacxada: `ruseTis mxridan

afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis damoukideblobis cnobiT msoflioSi xeli

ewyoba separatizms da amitomac saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba valdebulia xma

aRimaRlos amis winaaRmdeg. separatizmi gadamdebi, centridanuli, saSineli

Zalaa, romelic angrevs saxelmwifos safuZvlebs da Tu mas seriozuli gasaqani

mieca, dedamiwas qaosi moicavs. mcire erebi yvela saxelmwifoSia da maT rom

politikuri damoukidebloba moindomon, bunebrivia, daiwyeba dausrulebeli

omebi. mivmarTav ruseTis prezidents, baton dimitri medvedevsa da

premierministrs, vladimir putins _ saqarTvelodan afxazeTisa da cxinvalis

regionis gamoyofa metad saSiSia, TviTon ruseTisaTvis. es miscems biZgs Tqvens

qveyanaSic separatizmis ganviTarebas da momavalSic Tqven gacilebiT meti

problema geqnebaT, vidre es dRes saqarTveloSia~.

uwmidesma da unetaresma araerTgzis imogzaura samegreloSi. moiloca

yvela eklesia-monasteri, foTSi, zugdidSi, senakSi, martvilSi Sexvda

sazogadoebrobis warmomadgenlebs, inaxula afxazeTis konfliqtis dros

tragikulad aRsrulebuli Jiuli Sartavas mSoblebi, anugeSa isini da kidev

erTxel gaixsena afxazeTis omSi aRsrulebuli adamianebi, samSoblosa da

sarwmunoebisaTvis mebrZolni, romelTa Rvawlic didia RvTisa da samSoblos

winaSe. Tu 1977 wels samegrelos regionSi mxolod erTi _ Wyondidis eparqia

iyo, patriarqis RvawliT, 2015 wlisaTvis aq 4 moqmedi eparqiaa. saqarTvelos

102

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, wmindanebad

Seiracxnen am kuTxis Rirseuli Svilebi: daviT aRmaSeneblis aRmzrdeli da

moZRvari giorgi Wyondideli, cotne dadiani, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi (xelaia), beri aleqsi SuSania. uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II cdilobs Seumsubuqos, ganuqarvos samegrelos mkvidrT

gadatanili mwuxareba da tkivili.

2013 wlis 10-12 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II stumrobda Wyondidisa da foTis eparqiebs.

moiloca abaSis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis saxelobis taZari, daloca

Sekrebili mrevli da warmatebebi usurva Wyondidel mitropolit petres.

Semdeg estumra xobis axladaRdgenil samonastro kompleqss, romelic

aSenda biznesmen goderZi bukias finansuri mxardaWeriT. patriarqma

moiloca xobis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis XI saukunis

taZari, sadac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis kvarTi

iyo dabrZanebuli. 12 maiss kviracxovlobis dResaswaulze uwmidesma da

unetaresma ilia II-m foTisa da xobis mitropolit grigolTan, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebTan erTad sazeimod akurTxa

foTis sakaTedro taZari. uwmidesma kidev erTxel xazgasmiT gamoxata Tavisi

damokidebuleba am kuTxisadmi: `sruliad saqarTvelos samegrelos saxiT

didi burji hyavs, radgan aq Camosuli kaci gansakuTrebulad grZnobs, rom

saqarTveloSia. grZnobs gansakuTrebulad mduRare siyvaruls da mzaobas

imisa, rom qveynis keTildReobis saqmeSi ar daiSuros Tavisi Zal-Rone da

Tundac Tavisi sicocxlis fasad, saxelmwifo erTianobis mtkice safuZveli

Suqmnas~. uwmidesma da unetaresma foTis sakaTedro taZris ganaxleba ase

Seafasa: `yvelas gilocavT am bednier dRes... am didebuli taZris aRdgenas!

es taZari aRdgomis saxelobisaa da igi saqarTvelos ganaxlebisa da aRdgenis

simboloa~.

patriarqma saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi

samsaxuri 1960 wels aWaraSi, baTumis sakaTedro taZarSi daiwyo. iq msaxurebis

periodSi man kidev ufro axlos gaicno aWara, am kuTxis tragikuli istoria

Sua saukuneebSi. swored aWaridan gadmovida qristes mowafe wmida mociquli

andria pirvelwodebuli aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis

saqadageblad. Sua saukuneebSi aWaraSi gamorCeuli iyo Tuxarisis, asizis,

forTas, anCis, ninowmidis, tbeTis, banas saepiskoposoebi; magram XVI saukunidan,

osmalTa mZlavrobiT, am kuTxeSi daiwyo qristianuli kerebis mospoba da

mosaxleobis gamahmadianeba. XIX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi aWara dedasamSoblos

daubrunda. mosaxleobis didi nawili gamahmadianebuli iyo. qarTveli xalxis

saukeTeso Svilebi _ ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili, niko

nikolaZe, giorgi wereTeli, giorgi yazbegi, dimitri baqraZe, zaqaria WiWinaZe

103

_ yvelafers akeTebdnen, raTa aWaris qarTvelobas, sarwmunoebrivi gaucxoebis

miuxedavad, moexerxebina mWidro kavSiri danarCen saqarTvelosTan.

1917 wlis 9-17 seqtembers Semdgarma saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis pirvelma saeklesio krebam miiRo gadawyvetileba baTum-

Semoqmedis eparqiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. eparqia 1930-ian wlebamde arsebobda,

xolo 50-iani wlebidan isev aRorZinda. eparqias sxvadasxva dros ganagebdnen

mitropolitebi: daviT kaWaxiZe, efrem sidamoniZe, romanoz petriaSvili.

1963 wels, wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, arqimandriti ilia baTum-Semoqmedeli

episkoposis xarisxSi aRamaRles; episkoposi ilia 1967 wlis 1 seqtembramde

ganagebda eparqias. am dros xelisufleba yvelanairad cdilobda, aWaraSi

qristianobis aRorZinebisaTvis xeli SeeSala. rodesac mitropoliti ilia

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis taxtze aRsaydrda, Tavis samuSao

dRiurSi, upirveles saqmeTa Soris, aWaraSi qristianobis ganmtkicebisaTvis

zrunva CainiSna. uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, eparqiaSi sxvadasxva

dros moRvawe mRvdelmTavrebi _ Sio (avaliSvili), konstantine (meliqiZe), iobi

(aqiaSvili), dimitri (SiolaSvili) _ gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen

mosaxleobaSi misionerul saqmianobas.

1989 wlis 19 aprils aWaraSi momxdar stiqiur ubedurebas msxverpli

da ngreva mohyva. uwmidesi da unetaresi Cavida aWaraSi, moinaxula stiqiis

zona, xalxi anugeSa: `me movaled CavTvale Tavi, movsuliyavi am adgilze da

TanagrZnoba meTqva TqvenTvis... aWara saqarTvelos uZvirfasesi kuTxea. aq

iyvnen pirveli qristianebi. gaxsovdeT, arasodes ar gvWirdeboda erTianoba

ise, rogorc gvWirdeba dRes. erTad unda viyoT. im tragediis wuTebidan

mTeli saqarTvelo TqvenTan iyo, aseve _ eklesiac. ase unda viyoT sul... unda

giTxraT, rom guSin saocari dRe iyo. xuTi aTasze meti kaci moinaTla baTumSi.

visac gsurT, aqac mognaTlavT, gamovgzavni mRvdelmTavrebs, Tu saWiro iqneba,

mec Camoval da mognaTlavT. naTloba es aris sulis gadarCena.~..

uwmidesisa da unetaresis am mimarTvas saocari feriscvaleba mohyva

_ aWaraSi qristianobisaken mosaxleobis Semobrunebis procesi daiwyo.

saqarTvelos sulieri mwyemsmTavris sityvebi _ xSirad gansacdeli mSvidobisa

da keTildReobis winamorbediao _ aWaris mosaxleobisaTvis did nugeSad iqca.

2003 wels, rodesac msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma meored

imogzaura aWaraSi, man gancvifreba ver damala, imdenad didi iyo sxvaoba misi

pirveli vizitis Semdeg. saqarTvelos patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, aWaraSi

1726 wels qristes rwmenis erTgulebisaTvis muslimani Turqebis mier wamebuli

qarTvelni wmindanebad Seiracxnen. wmindanTa dass Seemata agreTve abuseriZe

tbeli.

aWaram bevr gansacdels gauZlo da dedasamSoblos, qristianuli rwmenis

darajad darCa.

104

2013 wlis 11 dekembers baTumis RvTismSoblis saxelobis taZarSi uwmidesma

da unetaresma ilia II-m 2000-ze meti adgilobrivi monaTla.

2013 wlis 18 ivniss patriarqi imyofeboda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

xiWauris saswavlo universitetSi daloca profesor-maswavleblebi da

studentebi. misi uwmidesoba miiCnevs, rom aWara aris saqarTvelos is

RvTivkurTxeuli kuTxe, sadac I saukuneSi daenTo qristes lampari da iqca

ganmanaTleblad sruliad saqarTvelosaTvis.

2012 wlis 16 seqtembers quTaisSi sazeimo viTarebaSi gaixsna axladaRdgenili

bagratis sakaTedro taZari. patriarqma aRniSna: `Cven udidesi saswaulis

momswreni varT, vxedavT bagratis aRdgenil taZars, Cven vxarobT aRdgomis

sixaruliT, qriste aRsdga, bagratis taZari aRsdga, saqarTvelo aRsdga~.

kaTolikos-patriarqi yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiTa da interesiT

adevnebda Tvals istoriuli saqarTvelos im nawilis cxovrebas, romelic

dRes TurqeTis saqarTvelod _ tao-klarjeT-lazeTad aris cnobili. Sua

saukuneebis saqarTvelos politikur-sulieri da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo

cxovrebis istoriaSi gansakuTrebulia tao-klarjeTis roli. TiToeulma

wignierma qarTvelma icis artanujis, opizis, xanZTis, Satberdis, parexis,

berTas, wyarosTavis, anCis, oSkis, iSxanis, xaxulis, banas eklesia-monastrebi,

pativs scems iq moRvawe sasuliero pirebs, romelTac udidesi roli Seasrules

saqarTvelos istoriaSi. tao-klarjeTis eklesia-monastrebis, wmida xatebis,

unikaluri saeklesio wignebis gareSe xom warmoudgenelia saqarTvelos istoria.

tao-klarjeTis teritoriaze iyo 14 saepiskoposo: mawyverelis, kumurdoelis,

iSxnelis, anCelis, mtbevaris, wurwyabelis, eruSnelis, valaSkertelis, anelis,

karelis, banelis da dadeSnelis, arzrumelis... XVII saukunis 60-ian wlebSi

es saepiskoposoebi osmalebma gaauqmes. èpiskoposni ivltodian kvaladca,

romelTa ara inebes gamahmadianeba: qarTls, imereTs, odiSs, gurias, kaxeTs~, _

dananebiT werda vaxuSti bagrationi.

XIX saukuneSi istoriuli tao-klarjeTis nawili daubrunda saqarTvelos...

1921 wels ki, sabWoTa ruseTsa da qemalisturi TurqeTis mTavrobas Soris

dadebuli SeTanxmebiT, tao-klarjeTi da lazeTi TurqeTis saxelmwifos

SemadgenlobaSi gadavida...

sabWoTa imperiis periodSi istoriul tao-klarjeTTan dakavSireba TiTqmis

warmoudgeneli iyo. gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi kinooperatorebma guram

pataraiam da irakli onofriSvilma naxevrad aralegalurad mainc moaxerxes

tao-klarjeTis siwmindeTa gadaReba. ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT wmida sinodma

1978 wels miiRo gadawyvetileba, rom awyuris eparqiis nacvlad Seqmniliyo

axalcixisa da samcxe-javaxeTis eparqia, xolo wmida sinodis 2002 wlis 17

oqtombris ganCinebiT, axalcixis episkoposis samwysos daemata tao-klarjeTisa

da lazeTis eparqia, romelic aerTianebs am teritoriaze istoriulad arsebul

105

14 saepiskoposos. sinodis am ganCinebiT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis iurisdiqcia ganivrco istoriuli saqarTvelos mTel

teritoriaze. saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs Soris damyarebuli keTilmezobluri

urTierTobis pirobebSi SesaZlebeli gaxda turistul jgufebSi gaerTianebul

momlocvelT moelocaT tao-klarjeTis qarTuli siwmindeni, Sexvedrodnen

TurqeTis qarTvelobas, sadac maTi raodenoba 3 milionze metia.

2003 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi sinodis wevrebTan erTad estumra tao-

klarjeTs, moiloca xaxulis, oSkis, iSxnis monastrebi. msoflio patriarq

barTolomeos I-Tan, aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papsa da patriarq petre

VII-sTan erTad imyofeboda istoriul kapadokiaSi. pirvelad, mravali saukunis

Semdeg, RvTismsaxureba aRevlina wmida elenesa da konstantines saxelobis

taZarSi. wirvas umetesad qarTveli mrevli eswreboda. yvela grZnobda

istoriuli wuTebis sidiades. aRelvebuli iyo uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II-

c. `wmida mamebi amboben, rom arsebobs sulTa kavSiri, _ brZana man, _ da Cven

gvwams, rom dRes, CvenTan erTad, aq imyofebian wmida ninos, wmida giorgis,

wmida basili didisa da sxvaTa, kabadokiel mamaTa da dedaTa sulebi. aRvavlenT

locvebs, rom mSvidoba, sixaruli, siyvaruli sufevdes Cvens Soris~.

msoflios asamde televizia iRebda liturgiis msaxurebas, milionobiT

adamiani ucqerda am eklesia-monastrebis istoriul patronebs _ sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqsa da mis Tanmxleb qarTvelebs. deda-

samSoblosTan siaxlovis, qarTvelobiT gamowveuli siamayis grZnoba kidev

ufro gaumZafrda TurqeTis qarTvelobas. Uuwmidesisa da unetaresis

locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTveloSi gaimarTa TurqeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis

`Cveneburebis~ xalxuri simRerisa da cekvis koncerti. TurqeTis qarTveloba

dedasamSoblos, winaparTa miwis yivils grZnobs... patriarqi arasodes iviwyebs

maT: `gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliTa da mxurvale grZnobebiT mogmarTavT

Tqven, Cveno Zmebo, mcxovrebno samSoblos sazRvrebs gareT, mogmarTavT Tqven,

muslimanebo da qristianebo, Cven sisxliTa da xorciT erTni varT, miuxedavad

gansxvavebuli religiuri Sexedulebebisa. gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni winaprebi

ganisveneben saqarTvelos wmida miwaSi; nu daiviwyebT, vina xarT, gaxsovdeT

RvTisgan dalocvili qarTuli ena da saukuneTa manZilze SenarCunebuli wminda

qarTuli tradiciebi... Cven marad gvaxsovxarT da dRedaRam vloculobT

TqvenTvis, Cveni eris gamTlianebisTvis~.

TurqeTSi mcxovreb qarTvelebSi erovnuli suliskveTebis gaZlierebis

mizniT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis

qarTul universitetSi arsebuli qarTvelologiis ganyofileba yovelwliurad

awyobs saerTaSoriso konferenciebs, iwvevs maT am konferenciebze, sadac

msjeloben yvela im problemaze, rac maT winaSe dgas.

istoriuli ukuRmarTobiT 1921 wlidan aRmosavleT kaxeTis nawili _

106

hereTi (saingilo) _ saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT darCa. es kuTxe saqarTvelos

istoriaSi cnobili iyo qristianuli sarwmunoebisadmi TavdadebiTa da Crdilo

kavkasiaSi warmoebuli misioneruli saqmianobiT. aq moqmedi qurmuxisa da giSis

saepiskoposoebi did rols asrulebdnen qristianuli saqarTvelos istoriaSi.

XVI saukuneSi iranelTa mxardaWeriT am teritoriaze mZlavroben lekebi,

`lekianobasTan~ brZola gagrZelda XVIII-XIX saukuneebSic.

1917 wels, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, istoriuli hereTis _ saingilos samwyso

bodbelis eparqiaSi Sedioda. 1921 wlidan, agresiuli aTeizmis xanaSi,

azerbaijanis komunisturma xelisuflebam araerTi eklesia-monasteri daangria

saingiloSi, daxoces sasuliero pirebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom ingiloTa

nawili mahmadiania, isini TavianT Tavs qarTvelebad Tvlian da imedis Tvali

saqarTvelosken aqvT mopyrobili. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m saingiloSi

samoRvaweod gauSva sasuliero pirebi, xolo 1997 da 2005 wlebSi kavkasiis

muslimanTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris Seix alax Suqur faSa zades miwveviT orjer

imogzaura saingiloSi. uwmidesma da unetaresma moiloca kaxis, belaqnis,

zaqaTalis raionebSi arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi, Sexvda da esaubra

mosaxleobas, gadasca maT saeklesio wignebi, xatebi. uwmidesi da unetaresi

ase aRwerda saingiloSi stumrobas: `yvela sofelSi, sadac ki mivediT, xalxi

anTebuli gulebiT, anTebuli sanTlebiTa da pur-mariliT gvxvdeboda.

bevri maTgani sixarulisgan tiroda. mTavari is iyo, rom dedasamSoblos

mowyvetilma iqaurma qarTvelebma, romlebic Cveni qveynis avbedobis gamo axla

sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqeebi arian, igrZnes, rom isini upatrononi ar arian...

xSirad mesmoda, rogor ambobdnen: Cven araferi ar gvinda, Cven mxolod gvindoda

dagvenaxa saqarTvelos patriarqio. ra Tqma unda, maT bevri ram sWirdebaT,

magram yvelaze metad isini Cvens yuradRebasa da gulis siTbos saWiroeben~.

patriarqis gadawyvetilebiT, 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers Seiqmna nekresisa da

hereTis eparqia, romelmac istoriuli hereTis teritoriac moicva.

2009 wlis aprilSi kaTolikos-patriarqis locva kurTxeviT Seiqmna

xornabujisa da hereTis saepiskoposo, romelic moicavs dedofliswyaros,

kaxis, belaqanis da zaqaTalis raionebs. 30 maiss axali eparqiis mmarTvelad

gamoirCa arqimandriti melqisedeki, romelic 5 maiss akurTxes episkoposad.

episkoposi melqisedeki saingiloSi, kerZod, kaxSi, gansakuTrebiT ki qurmuxSi

giorgiobis dResaswaulze wiravs qurmuxis wmida giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi.

giorgobis dResaswuli amTlianebs mahmadian da qristian qarTvelebs. 2015

wlidan eparqias ganagebs episkoposi dimitri (kapanaZe). saingiloSi isini erTad

aRniSnaven am udides dResaswauls. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II sapatriarqoSi

xSirad maspinZlobs istoriuli hereTidan Camosul stumrebs da aZlevs

kurTxevas, iyvnen erTgulni TavianTi sarwmunoebisa da istoriuli genisa.

107

2001 wels iranis prezidentis muhamed haTamis miwveviT iranSi vizitisas

misma uwmidesobam moinaxula fereidani, Sexvda iqaur qarTvelobas da gaamxneva

isini. patriarqis fereidnidan dabrunebis Semdeg saqarTvelos moaSura

araerTma iqaurma qarTvelma. samSobloSi Camosuli fereidnelebis patroni da

maspinZelia uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. fereidneli qarTvelebi saqarTvelos

patriarqs ocnebis saqarTvelodan Camosuls uwodeben. igi xSirad imeorebs

fereidnelTa saocar locvas _ `RmerTs ebarebodeT~. fereidnel qarTvelebSi

erovnuli suliskveTebis gaZlierebis mizniT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida

andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTul universitetSi arsebobs qarTuli

enisa da literaturis, saqarTvelos istoriis Semswavleli ufaso kursebi,

romelic araerTma fereidnelma warmatebiT daamTavra.

uwmidesi da unetaresi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT muSaobda mesxeTis

problemebze. XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi am kuTxeSi wirva-locva aResruleboda

somxur monofizitur da kaTolikur eklesiebSi, xolo marTlmadidebeli

eklesia saerTod ar funqcionirebda. mesxeT-javaxeTi, rogorc sabWoTa

kavSir-TurqeTis sasazRvro zona, mowyvetili iyo danarCen saqarTvelos.

awyuris iqiT gadasvla specialuri saSvis gareSe SeuZlebeli iyo. patriarqi

ninowmindis raionis sofel fokaSi Caewera, raTa daubrkoleblad gadasuliyo

samcxe-javaxeTSi. misi ZalisxmeviT moxerxda wmida marines saxelobis

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis amoqmedeba axalcixisa da samcxe-javaxeTis

eparqiaSi. 1988 wlis ivlisSi patriarqma sasuliero da saero pirebTan erTad

imogzaura samcxe-javaxeTSi. Tu ras warmoadgenda maSindeli mesxeTi, kargad

Cans misi sityvidan: `Cvens periodSi gaugebrobiTa da warsuli kulturisadmi

nihilisturi damokidebulebiT, rac mtrebs gadaurCa, Cven gavanadgureT.

faqtia, rom dRevandlamde, Tu ar miviRebT mxedvelobaSi axalcixeSi ukanasknel

periodSi eparqiis aRdgenas, am uZveles kulturul samyaroSi erTi eklesiac

ar moqmedebda... saqarTvelo iqaa, sadac RmerTs qarTul enaze adideben. ase

rom, Cven gvaqvs saerTo sazrunavi: samSoblos bedniereba, xalxis keTildReoba.

amaSi eklesias Zalian bevri SeuZlia~.

patriarqma samcxe-javaxeTis yvela eklesia-monasteri moiloca, Sexvda

qarTvel kaTolikeebs, monofizit somxebs. man am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvelebs:

`yovelTvis unda gaxsovdeT, rom es miwa-wyali Tqveni sapatronoa, radgan igi

Tqveni iyo da aris. Tqven cxovrobT iq, sadac daiwyo Cveni qristianoba, qarTuli

kultura... unda gaxsovdeT isic, rom rwmena, romelic gadmogces winaprebma,

arasodes ar unda daiviwyoT. am rwmenam gadagarCinaT Tqven da mTlianad

saqarTvelo. amitom garja, movla-patronoba da TvalisCiniviT gafrTxileba

sWirdeba yvelafers. vinc es daiviwya da miatova mama-papis kera, naanderZevi

sarwmunoeba, is gadagvarda; rwmenis dakargvas erovnebis dakargva mosdevs~.

uwmidesma da unetaresma mtkice gadawyvetileba miiRo, rom faravnis

108

tbasTan, iq, saidanac mociqulTaswori wmida nino wamovida vazis jvriT

mcxeTaSi, daefuZnebina monasteri. im dros es gadawyvetileba ocnebas ufro

hgavda, vidre realobas, magram, RvTis SewevniT, moxerxda rogorc mamaTa,

aseve dedaTa monastrebis dafuZneba. uwmidesi da unetaresi ixsenebs: `1988

wlis ivlisSi samcxe-javaxeTSi vimogzaure da wmida adgilebi da taZrebi

davaTvaliere, gadavwyvite, rom am mxareSi ramdenime taZari da monasteri unda

aSendes, magram yvelaze metad Cveni yuradReba faravnis tbam miipyro, sadac

gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba wmida ninos Zala da madli. saero xelisuflebisagan

miviRe nebarTva imis Taobaze, rom tbis im napirze, sadac wmida nino brZandeboda,

saeklesio centri aSendes. aqvea sofeli foka, romelSic me-XI saukuneSi

agebuli wmida ninos saxelobis mSvenieri bazilika dgas, naxevrad dangreuli,

qarTuli asomTavruli warwerebiT damSvenebuli. samwuxarod, sofelSi arc

erTi qarTveli ar cxovrobs, rom am wmida eklesiaSi sanTeli mainc anTos. wmida

ninos saqarTveloSi Semosvlis dResaswauli, romelic pirvel ivniss dawesda,

yovel wels zeimiT unda CavataroT faravnis tbasTan~.

javaxeTis ZirZvel miwaze qarTuli wirva-locva aRdga. uwmidesi da

unetaresi 2007 wlis ivlisSi kvlav imyofeboda samcxe-javaxeTSi, moiloca

iqauri siwmindeni da kmayofili darCa iqauri eklesia-monastrebis saqmianobiT.

qarTveli morwmuneni yovelwliurad mogzauroben wmida ninos gzaze. 2015

wlis 11-13 maiss uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kvlav estumra axalcixisa da

tao-klarjeTis eparqias, daaTvaliera axalcixis wmida Salva axalcixelis

saxelobis mSenebare taZari, moiloca sofeli arali, ude, zarzmis monasteri.

sofel aralSi wmida ninos dedaTa monasterSi uwmidesma da unetaresma brZana:

`bednieri var, rom vimyofebi TqvenTan erTad am wmida taZarSi, romelic ase

brwyinvaled agiSenebiaT am uZveles sofelSi. SevTxov ufals, rom ufalma

moiRos wyaloba da sixaruli da siyvaruli sufevdes Tqven zeda~.

patriarqi xSirad stumrobs imereTs, raWa-leCxums, svaneTs. quTaisi,

cageri, mestia da ambrolauri siyvaruliTa da mowiwebiT egebeba Tavis sulier

winamZRols. patriarqis sityva, misi mowodeba rwmenis sidiadis, samSoblos

siyvarulis, winaparTa tradiciebis dacvis Taobaze Zvirfasia TiToeuli

qarTvelisaTvis. patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, mcxeTaSi, mtkvrisa da aragvis

SesarTavTan, sveticxovlobas sruldeba didi naTloba, inaTleba aTasobiT

qarTveli. `naTlobiT adamiani xelaxla ibadeba, eklesiis wevri da qristes

nawili xdeba, Tavisufldeba rogorc adamismieri pirvelqmnili Secodebisagan,

ise _ yvela sxva codvisagan, aRsdgeba masSi xateba RvTisa, eniWeba suliwmidis

madli da yvela sikeTe misi~.

patriarqi warmoSobiT mTis Svilia, mTebi da aqafebuli Tergi Tavisken

izidavs mas. rodesac saqme xevSi wasvlas exeba, misTvis ar arsebobs daRla

da moucleloba. xevSi ar aris sofeli, salocavi, sadac patriarqis RvawliT

109

RvTismsaxureba ar aResrulebodes. darialis xeobaSi, ruseT-saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo sazRvris siaxloves, uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT aSena wmida

mTavarangelozTa _ miqaelisa da gabrielis _ saxelobis samonastro kompleqsi,

romelic Tavisi daniSnulebiT mravalmxrivi datvirTvis iqneba: igi iqceva

karibWed da, amave dros, pirvel maspinZlad CrdiloeTidan saqarTveloSi

SemosulTaTvis da yvela Tavidanve igrZnobs, rom isini qristianul qveyanas

estumrnen.

uwmidesi da unetaresi aucileblad Seivlis xolme sofel snoSi,

sagvareulo sasaflaoze sanTlebs anTebs, parakliss gadaixdis, didi winapris

_ Siola RuduSauris saxelobis sulierebisa da kulturis centrSi Sexvdeba

soflis mcxovrebT, moilocavs gergeTis samebas, monastris ezodan Tvals

moavlebs maradiuli TovliT dafarul myinvarwvers, stefanwmidas, darialis

xeobaSi xmauriT mimaval Tergs, gaixsenebs did TergdaleulT da axali energiiT

aRvsili gamoeSureba sataxto qalaqisaken. 2007 wlis oqtomberSi uwmidesma da

unetaresma snos sulierebisa da kulturis saxlis ezoSi akurTxa wmida vaxtang

gorgaslis saxelobis axladaSenebuli eklesia, isaubra saxelovani winapris

did Rvawlze.

uwmidesi da unetaresi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs saqarTvelos

sazRvrispira raionebs. patriarqis survilia, yvelgan aSendes samonastro

kompleqsebi. wm. Tamar mefis samonastro kompleqsi e. w. `wiTel xidTan~, sof.

vaxtangisSi wm. nikolozis saxelobis monasteri _ saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis

sazRvarze, wmida mTavarangelozis sax. taZari saqarTvelo-ruseTis sazRvris

darialis monakveTze. darialis xeobis taZris mSenebloba 2005 wels daiwyo. igi

2011 wlis 15 seqtembers gaixsna. uwmidesma da unetaresma brZana: àq Semosuli

TiToeuli stumari mixvdeba, rom marTlmadidebel mSvidobian qveyanaSi

Semovida; ufali Cveni ieso qriste brZanebs: kldesa amasa zeda aRvaSeno eklesia

Cemi da bWeni jojoxeTisa ver ereodian mas. aseTi taZari aSenda `kldesa zeda~

da darwmunebuli varT, rom `bWeni jojoxeTisani~ ver moerevian mas.

patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, saqvelmoqmedo fondma ìavnanam~ maxaTas

mTaze 2012 wlis 17 aprils daiwyo iveriis RvTismSoblis xatis saxelobis

eklesiis mSenebloba.

patriarqi sulierad, zneobrivad ganspetakebuli Zlieri saqarTvelos

simboloa. 38 welia igi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

saWeTmpyrobelia. urTulesi, umZimesi 38 wlis manZilze patriarqi erTgulad

emsaxureba im idealebs, romlebic wmida ilia marTalma `mamulis, enis da

sarwmunoebis~ droSiT gaaerTiana. uwmidesma da unetaresma XX-XXI saukunis

qarTvelobas SesTavaza axali idea: `RmerTi, samSoblo, adamiani~.

XX saukunis miwuruls, 1991 wels, saqarTvelom aRidgina saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukidebloba, gaxda mravali saerTaSoriso organizaciis sruluflebiani

110

wevri. saqarTvelo Tavisi geostrategiuli mdebareobiT gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas iZens msoflio globalur proeqtebSi, globalizacia ki dRis

wesrigSi ayenebs axalgazrda qarTul demokratiul saxelmwifoSi iseTi

sakanonmdeblo bazis Seqmnas, romelic srul harmoniaSi iqneba dasavleTis

ganviTarebuli qveynebis RirebulebebTan. aseT viTarebaSi sul ufro

mZlavrobs erovnuli Rirebulebebisadmi nihilisturi damokidebuleba, vinaidan

nihilistebi da kosmopolitebi miiCneven, rom, rac male ganTavisufldeba

qarTveli sazogadoeba tradiciuli erovnuli faseulobebisagan, miT ufro

gagviadvildeba evro-amerikul sivrceSi integracia.

am dros, globalizaciis pirobebSi Cven Tavs verc Zlieri ekonomikiT,

verc samxedro SesaZleblobebiTa Tu mravalricxovnebiT ver davimkvidrebT.

marTlmadideblobis, saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli literaturis,

unikaluri qarTuli tradiciebis erTguleba da pativiscema aris Cveni

erovnuli gadarCenis safuZveli! amgvari damokidebuleba aSkarad Cans

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-paatriarqs, uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-is

qadagebebsa da epistoleebSi. igi eklesiis dangrevis da masSi reformatoruli

ideebis mqadagebelT Seaxsenebs: `samSoblo adamianis sicocxlis ganuyofeli

nawilia, usamSoblo adamiani suliT Ratakia da sacodavi, samSoblos siyvaruliT

mwifdeba da yalibdeba adamianis sulieri samyaro, misi miswrafebani.

samSoblos gafrTxileba sWirdeba~. XXI saukunis dasawyisSi mravalricxovan

gamowvevaTa Soris erT-erTia erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi da eklesiuri

cnobierebisaTvis brZola. samwuxarod arcTu iSviaTad kuTxuri patriotizmi

enacvleba erTian saxelmwifoebriv interesebs, rac mZime Sedegebs moutans

Cvens qveyanas. am problemas seriozulobas bevri ver acnobierebs. uwmidesi

da unetaresi xSirad brZanebs: èSmaki yofs, RmerTi aerTianebs~. am erTianobis

ideas emsaxureboda, rodesac 2009 wlis 14 oqtombers uwmidesma da unetaresma

sveticxovlobis dResaswaulis saRmrTo liturgiis Semdeg gamoacxada ̀ yovelTa

iverielTa erTobis axali traqtatis~ Seqmnis Sesaxeb. èrs unda axsovdes, Tu

ram gadaarCina. Cven gadagvarCina erTobam, erTsulovnebam, Cven viT sisxli

daviT winaswarmetyvelisa, Tamar mefisa da sxva Cveni winaprebisa. Cven gvicavs

Cveni sarwmunoeba, Cveni inteleqtualuri faseuloba. dRes Cven kidev erTxel

unda gamovxatoT, rom varT erTi sisxli da xorci da mudam erTad viqnebiT~.

sveticxovlis ezoSi wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg, aTasobiT damswres saSualeba

hqonda xeli moewera sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mowodebaze

(msgavsad 200 wlis win (1790 w.) SemuSavebuli ìverielTa erTobis traqtatisa~).

111

Tavi VII. ganaTleba, mecniereba, saRvTismetyveloliteratura, Jurnal-gazeTebi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia istoriulad

qristianuli sarwmunoebis dacvasTan erTad bevrs akeTebda

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ganviTarebisaTvis. IV saukunidan rogorc

saqarTveloSi, aseve sazRvargareTis qarTul samonastro centrebSi

arsebobda Teologiur-filosofiuri da mTargmnelobiTi skolebi.

eklesia-monastrebis raodenobis zrdasTan erTad izrdeboda samonastro

skolebis raodenobac.

IV-XI saukuneebSi eklesia-monastrebTan arsebul skolebs XII-XIII saukuneebSi

daemata wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis mier gelaTSi daarsebuli da `sxva

aTinad da meore ierusalimad~ wodebuli gelaTis akademia. saganmanaTleblo

kerebi iyo iyalToSi, gremSi, SiomRvimeSi. XVIII saukuneSi vaxtang VI-is mier

Seqmnil `swavlul kacTa komisiis~ wevrTa umravlesoba sasuliero piri iyo.

kaTolikos-patriarqi anton I samarTlianad iTvleba did enciklopedistad,

romlis saxelTanac dakavSirebulia qarTuli ganaTlebis evropul yaidaze

gardaqmna, Telavisa da Tbilisis sasuliero seminariebis daarseba. moqmed

eklesia-monastrebTan arsebul skolebSi sasuliero pirebi aswavlidnen saero

da sasuliero ganaTlebis safuZvelebs. saqarTvelos provinciebSi sasuliero

pirTa ojaxebSi iyo wignebi, Jurnal-gazeTebi.

XIX saukuneSi, avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg, qarTveli samRvdeloeba

kvlav agrZelebda misionerul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas. niWieri

axalgazrdebi jer Tbilisis sasuliero seminarias amTavrebdnen, Semdeg

ki sasuliero ganaTlebis gasaRrmaveblad mieSurebodnen yazanis, kievis,

peterburgis sasuliero akademiebSi. XIX-XX saukuneebis qarTveli samRvdeloebis

umravlesoba sasuliero akademiadamTavrebuli iyo da gamoirCeoda Rrma

sulierebiTa da inteleqtiT. sakmarisia gavixsenoT episkoposebi: gabrieli

(qiqoZe), aleqsandre (oqropiriZe), antoni (giorgaZe), petre (konWoSvili), daviTi

(kaWaxiZe); kaTolikos-patriarqni: kirion II, leonide, ambrosi, qristefore III,

kalistrate, melqisedeki, efrem II, romelTac marTlmadideblur samyaroSi

icnobdnen, rogorc gamoCenil Teolog-mecnierebs.


aRdgenis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqebi _ kirion II, leonide, ambrosi,

qristefore, kalistrate da melqisedeki _ cdilobdnen, mcxeTaSi an TbilisSi

sasuliero seminaria gaexsnaT, magram komunisturi xelisuflebis uaryofiTi

poziciis gamo es ver moxerxda. oficialurma xelisuflebam yvelaferi

gaakeTa imisaTvis, rom sazogadoebis TvalSi eklesia mxolod naTlobasTan

112

an micvalebulis wesis agebasTan gaigivebuliyo da sazogadoebisagan srul

izolaciaSi yofiliyo.

1963 wels kaTolikos-patriarqis efrem II-is ZalisxmeviT mcxeTaSi

gaxsnili saRvTismetyvelo saswavlebeli saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

did warmatebad Sefasda. ramdenime weliwadSi misi xelmZRvanelis, Semoqmedeli

episkoposis _ ilias RvawliT saswavlebeli seminariad gadakeTda. magram es

sakmarisi ar iyo.

uwmidesi da unetaresi patriarqad aRsaydrebis pirveli dReebidanvee

Seudga ganaTlebasa da mecnierebaze zrunvas. igi gansakuTrebiT dainteresda

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi Seqmnili viTarebiT, araerTxel Sexvda

rogorc praqtikos maswavleblebs, aseve _ pedagogikis, fsiqologiis dargis

mecnierebs. uwmidesma aRniSna, rom 70-90-iani wlebis skolebSi yuradReba

ZiriTadad gadatanili iyo ama Tu im saganSi faqtologiuri masalis meqanikur

dazepirebaze, maSin, roca aucilebelia Rrma azrovnebis ganviTareba: `Rrma

azrovnebasTan ziareba bavSvs gauadvilebs sxva sagnebis aTvisebas. amasTan, Cven

aRvzrdiT ganaTlebul axalgazrdebs, romlebic icxovreben da imoqmedeben ara

emociebiT, Tavisufalni iqnebian maqsimalizmisagan da Cvenze ufro gonierad,

rwmeniT, da simarTliT warmarTaven cxovrebas~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi miiCnevs, rom moswavleebTan maswavleblis

urTierTobis warmateba damokidebulia siyvaruliTa da rwmeniT aRzrdaze.

patriarqi moiTxovda sabWoTa skolis programebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis

seriozul gadamuSavebas, xolo pedagogebisTvis _ met Tavisuflebas, raTa

maT saSualeba hqonodaT, srulad da SemoqmedebiTad gamoevlinaT TavianTi

SesaZleblobebi, vinaidan daTrgunuli, SeSinebuli pedagogi Tavisufal,

laR Taobas verasodes aRzrdis. Tumca, misi uwmidesobis azriT, skola

verasodes SeZlebs imis Sevsebas, rac axalgazrdas ojaxma unda misces. maRali

zneobrioba, mimtevebloba, moyvasis siyvaruli, samarTlianoba _ es yvelaferi

mozardma ojaxSi unda SeiTvisos da, Tu mSobelni piradi magaliTiT ar

gamoirCevian, yovelgvari mcdeloba amao iqneba. jansaRi momavali Taobis

aRzrdis surviliTaa nakanaxevi saqarTvelos patriarqis mowodeba mSoblebisa

da pedagogebisadmi: `saqarTvelom jer kidev uZvelesi droidan SeiTvisa

maRali kulturis sxvadasxva nakadi. misTvis axali ar iyo kacobriobis sulis

yvelaze mtkivneuli da amaRlebuli problemebi: sulis srulyofisa da

adamianis ganRmrTobisa sarwmunoebisa da siyvarulis saSualebiT~. uwmidesi da

unetaresi miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelos kargi momavali sazogadoebis ganaTlebasa

da codnazea damokidebuli. im adamianebis gasagonad, romelnic codnasa da

rwmenas erTmaneTs upirispireben, igi maqsime aRmsareblis sityvebiT pasuxobs:

`codna, RvTis SiSisagan aulagmavi, Sobs qedmaRlobas~.

istoria warsuliT momavlis winaswarmetyvelebaa. gardasul gmirTa

113

sidiadis, zneobrivi magaliTebis, samSoblosa da sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavdadebis

Cveneba momavali Taobebis sulieri ganspetakebis saukeTeso saSualebaa. garda

amisa, samSoblos istoriis swavlebiT axalgazrdoba did winaparTa saqmeebis

damfasebeli da gamgrZelebli xdeba. uwmidesi da unetaresi grZnobda sabWoTa

ganaTlebis sistemis tendeciurobas da cdilobda, aRmoefxvra sabWoTa periodSi

skolasa da eklesias Soris sagangebod Seqmnili gaucxoeba. saqarTvelos

sapatriarqoSi Seiqmna saswavlo komiteti, romelsac saTaveSi Caudga sionis

sapatriarqo taZris winamZRvari, protopresviteri giorgi gamrekeli (amJamad

rusTavis mitropoliti ioane). saswavlo komitetma Tavis garSemo Semoikriba

niWieri, perspeqtiuli da morwmune specialistebi, romelTac miznad daisaxes

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebisTvis axali programebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi

SeemuSavebinaT.

erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRmavlobis paralelurad

sazogadoebaSi TandaTan imsxvreoda sabWoTa ideologiuri dogmebi. 1989

wlis 9 aprilis Semdeg saqarTveloSi komunisturma ideologiam sruli kraxi

ganicada. xelovnurad Seqmnilma gmirebma (sinamdvileSi antigmirebma) datoves

istoriis asparezi da maTi adgili WeSmaritma gmirebma daikaves. isev daubrunda

qarTvelTa mexsierebas abo tfilelis, ioane, eqvTime, giorgi mTawmindlebis,

dosiTeoz quTaTelis, eqvTime gaenaTelis, filadelfos kiknaZis, imerTa

mefe solomon II-is, solomon lioniZis, 1918-1921 wlebis damoukidebeli

saqarTvelosaTvis TavdadebulTa saxeebi, axali sidiadiT gamobrwyinda

bolSevikuri ideologiisagan àntisabWoelad, xalxis mtrebad~ monaTluli

uwmidesisa da unetaresi ambrosis, mitropolit nazaris saxeebi. saqarTvelos

skolebsa da umaRles saswavleblebSi marqsizm-leninizmis safuZvlebis

swavleba Seicvala religiaTa istoriis swavlebiT, romlis programebi

da saxelmZRvaneloebi marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis safuZvlebze iyo

agebuli. axalgazrdoba daewafa qristianul faseulobaTa Seswavlas, skolebsa

da umaRles saswavleblebSi Seiqmna samlocvelo saxlebi, aSenda eklesiebi,

sapatriarqos egidiT gaixsna gimnaziebi, liceumebi. ganaTlebis sistema

erovnul tradiciebze gadavida.

XXI saukunis dasawyisSi viTareba kvlav Seicvala. jer arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis saxeliT daiwyo ganaTlebis sferoSi eklesiis rolis kritika,

xolo 2004 wels damtkicebuli ganaTlebis axali kanonis Sesabamisad,

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi gauqmda samlocvelo oTaxebi, religiuri

umciresobebis uflebebisa da religiuri grZnobebis dacvis sababiT Sewyda

religiaTa istoriis swavleba.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II inteligenciis, mecnierebis sxvadasxva

mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedraze yovelTvis xazgasmiT aRniSnavda,

rom ìnteligencia xalxs unda daexmaros WeSmaritebis SecnobaSi; magram

114

rogor SeZlebs igi amas, Tu Tavad iqneba mowyvetili RvTaebrivi sibrZnis

wyaros _ eklesias? ... inteligencia unda iqces mrevlis im nawilad, romelic

viTarca anTebuli sanTeli, wyvdiadSi myof ers RvTisaken mimaval gzas

gaunaTebs~. miuxedavad amisa, mainc aRmoCndnen iseTebi, romelTac sjeraT,

rom rwmena da mecniereba SeuTavsebelia. uwmidesi da unetaresi brZanebs: `gana

SeiZleba mecniereba da rwmena daupirispirdes erTmaneTs, roca isini adamianis

SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis sruliad gansxvavebul sferoebs miekuTvnebian: erTi

fizikurs, xolo meore _ suliers?! isini ki ar upirispirdebian, aramed avseben

erTmaneTs. mecniereba RvTisgan nakurTxia, igi adamianis inteleqtis, rogorc

RvTis xatebis, miRwevaa~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi patriarqobis pirvelive wlebidan gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas aniWebda eklesiisa da inteligenciis urTierTobas. misi

azriT, saqarTvelos kulturul-inteleqtualuri aRorZineba sulierebiT

unda daiwyos. mecnierebisa da inteligenciis suliereba iqneba Cveni qveynis

ganaxlebis saTave. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II miiCnevs, rom ìnteligenciis

da, saerTod, gavlenian pirovnebaTa bednierebac da ubedurebac imaSia, rom

maT TavianTi mrwamsiT, TavianTi cxovrebiT SeiZleba sulierad gadaarCinon an

daRupon ara marto sakuTari Tavi, aramed _ garSemo myofni da sxva mravalnic~,

amitom maTi nabijebi da qmedeba did sifrTxilesa da mokrZalebas moiTxovs.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis meTauri 1977 wlidan

oficialuri xelisuflebis winaSe svamda sakiTxs sasuliero akademiis gaxsnis

aucileblobis Sesaxeb. ruseTis eklesias ori, somxeTis samociqulo eklesias

ki erTi akademia hqonda, da ratom ar unda hqonoda umaRlesi saRvTismetyvelo

saswavlebeli saqarTvelos avtokefaliur samociqulo eklesias?! rogorc

uwmidesi da unetaresi ixsenebs, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi patriarqis

Sesaxeb, romelic ase dabejiTebiT iTxovda sasuliero akademiis gaxsnas,

gakvirvebiT ambobdnen _ Cveni patriarqi, rogorc Cans, realobas mowyvetilia,

ra dros akademiis gaxsna an axali eklesiebis amoqmedebaa sayovelTao aTeizmis

qveyanaSio. saqarTvelos mTavroba moskovis uars imizezebda, moskovis

centraluri mTavroba ki acxadebda, saqarTvelos mTavrobaa winaaRmdegio. am

viTarebaSi sanimuSod moiqca ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli religiis saqmeTa

rwmunebul b-ni anzor wiklauri, romelmac moskovSi centralur mTavrobas

Seatyobina, rom saqarTvelos mTavroba Tanaxma iyo dafuZnebuliyo Tbilisis

sasuliero akademia, xolo saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomares

moaxsena, rom moskovi winaaRmdegi ar iyo, rom akademia gaxsniliyo TbilisSi.

misma uwmidesobam Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis gaxsnis Taobaze

oficialuri gancxadeba 1987 wlis 25 dekembers gamarTul wmida sinodis

sxdomaze gaakeTa. umaRlesi sasuliero saswavleblis funqcionirebisaTvis

mosamzadebeli muSaoba TiTqmis erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda. 1988

115

wlis 14 oqtombers TbilisSi, sionis sapatriarqo taZris pirdapir, samsarTulian

istoriul SenobaSi, sazeimo viTarebaSi gaixsna Tbilisis sasuliero akademia.

akademiis gaxsnaSi kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-sa da wmida sinodis wevrebTan

erTad monawileobdnen qarTuli inteligenciis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi.

ilia II-m Tbilisis sasuliero akademia gelaTis, gremis, iyalTos akademiaTa

didi tradiciebis gamgrZeleblad gamoacxada da aRniSna: àkademiaSi unda

mimdinareobdes ara marto momavali ganaTlebuli sasuliero pirebis momzadeba,

aramed saswavlebeli unda iqces kvlevis centrad, romelTanac dakavSirebulni

iqnebian rogorc Cveni sasuliero pirni, ise _ mecnierebi, kavSiri gveqneba

rogorc umaRles saswavleblebTan, ise _ marTlmadideblur da, saerTod,

qristianul umaRles centrebTan~.

akademiasTan erTad TbilisSi gadmoitanes mcxeTis sasuliero seminaria.

akademiis pirvel nakadSi Cairicxa 15 studenti. patriarqma akademiaSi leqciebis

wasakiTxad miiwvia saero umaRlesi saswavleblebis mecnierebi. pirvel wlebSi

iyo siZneleebi, saero mecnierebs ar hqondaT sasuliero saswavlebelSi muSaobis

gamocdileba. rTuli iyo sasuliero sagnebis _ patrologia, dogmaturi

RvTismetyveleba, saeklesio samarTali, religiaTa istoria _ wakiTxva, magram

droTa ganmavlobaSi yvelaferi mogvarda. 1998 wels sasuliero akademiasa da

seminariaSi studentTa raodenobam gaizarda 200-s miaRwia. 2015 wlisaTvis

studentTa raodenoba 2000-ze metia.

Tbilisis sasuliero akademiasa da seminarias 1988-2009 wlebSi

xelmZRvanelobdnen: mitropoliti zosime, protopresviteri giorgi (gamrekeli),

mitropoliti abraami, mitropoliti Teodore, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia

II. 2009 wlis 2 noembridan sasuliero akademiis reqtoria protopresviteri

mama protopresviteri giorgi zviadaZe, romlis ZalisxmeviT saswavlebelma

warmatebiT gaiara avtorizacia. amJamad Tbilisis sasuliero akademia da

seminaria aris samsafexuriani umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo kera (bakalavriati _

seminaria, magistratura _ akademia _ doqtorantura). aq funqcionirebs Semdegi

fakultetebi: fsiqologiisa da religiaTmcodneobis, xelovnebaTmcodneobisa

da religiaTmcodneobis, saeklesio arqiteqturis, xatweris, seminaria,

akademia. kaTedrebi: patristikisa da dogmatikis (profesori ediSer WeliZe),

bibleistikis (profesori giorgi guguSvili), liturgikisa da samoZRvro

RvTismetyvelebis (profesori demetre daviTaSvili), eklesiis istoriis,

kanonikuri samarTlisa da asketikis (doqtori maqsime Wanturia), saqarTvelos

istoriis (profesori sergo vardosaniZe), qarTuli enisa da literaturis

(profesori griver farulava), qristianuli xelovnebis (rusudan vaSalomiZe),

religiaTmcodneobis (profesori lela xaCiZe), ucxo enebis (profesori

iuri mosiZe). 2013 wlis 15 ianvars saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi uwmidesisa da

unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis TavmjdomareobiT

116

Sedga erTjeradi dacva RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad.

sadisertacio sabWos wevrebi iyvnen adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, RvTismetyvelebis doqtorebi. sadisertacio

sabWom RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris xarisxi mianiWa:filologiis doqtors

protopresviter giorgi zviadaZes, mitropolit ioane gamrekels, filologiis

doqtors dekanoz biZina gunias, istoriis doqtors giorgi guguSvils,

filologiis doqtors dekanoz miqael galdavas, filologiis mecnierebaTa

doqtors profesor ediSer WeliZes, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtors sergo

vardosaniZes, dekanoz miqael botkovels, arqidiakon demetre daviTaSvils,

giorgi andriaZes. uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is TavmjdomareobiT

sasuliero akademiaSi Seiqmna sadisertacio sabWo.

1995 wels uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT quTaisSi daarsda

wmida gabriel episkoposis saxelobis sasuliero seminaria, gelaTis samonastro

kompleqsTan aRdga gelaTis sasuliero akademia. patriarqi miiCnevda,

rom gelaTis akademia, romelic `meored ierusalimad da sxuai aTinad~

dafuZnda, miznad isaxavda umaRlesi saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri skolis

Camoyalibebas, sadac unda momxdariyo yvelaze mniSvnelovani Teologiuri

Sromebis Targmna-komentireba. am skolis filosofiuri mimarTuleba imiTac

warmoCnda, rom iTargmna warmarTi filosofosis, amonio ermisis cnobili

logikuri Sromebi. rac Seexeba gelaTis akademiis saRvTismetyvelo simaRles,

ikmarebda Tundac imaze miTiTeba, rom swored am akademiaSi iTargmna wmida

maqsime aRmsareblis urTulesi terminologiuri naSromebi. aqve ganxorcielda

katenebiani bibliis Targmna, rasac gelaTis biblia ewodeba da rac qarTveli

eris sulier cxovrebaSi udidesi movlena iyo. amitom gaxda aucilebeli

quTaisisa da gelaTis istoriuli funqciis srulad aRdgenisaTvis iseTi

samecniero dawesebulebis Seqmna, romelic saero da sasuliero mecnierebis

gamaerTianebeli iqneboda. gelaTis sasuliero akademiasa da seminarias

1995 wlidan 2010 wlis Tebervlamde xelmZRvanelobda quTaTel-gaenaTeli

mitropoliti kalistrate, 2010-2013 wlebSi _ filologiis doqtori, dekanozi

miqaeli (galdava), 2013 wlis noembridan _ dekanozi irakli (axalaZe). 2013 wels

gelaTis sasuliero akademiam da seminariam warmatebiT gaiara avtorizacia.

2005-2008 wlebSi ganaTlebis sferoSi dawyebuli `reformebis~ Sedegad

saqarTvelos wamyvani universitetebis profesor-maswavlebelTa umravlesoba

quCaSi darCa... ganadgurda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis samecniero-

kvleviTi institutebi. codnisa da rwmenis sanTeli, romelic uwmidesma da

unetaresma kirion II-em ivane javaxiSvilTan erTad anTo Tbilisis universitetSi

safrTxis winaSe dadga. aseT rTul viTarebaSi uwmidesma da unetaresma

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m miiRo gadawyvetileba

sapatriarqos wiaRSi daefuZnebina saero universiteti, romelic gaagrZelebda

117

im tradiciebs, rac Tavidanve gacxadebuli iyo 1918 wlis 26 ianvars dafuZnebul

qarTul universitetSi.

2008 wlis 12 oqtombers sazeimod gaixsna saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida

andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universiteti. universitetis

gaxsnaze professor-maswavleblebsa da studentebs mimarTa uwmidesma da

unetaresma ilia II-m: `Cvens cxovrebaSi aris movlenebi, romlebic aRemateba

dRevandelobas. aseTi movlenis winaSe vdgavarT dRes. Cven vixsenebT daviT

aRmaSeneblis dros, rodesac ixsneboda gelaTis, iyalTos akademiebi,

Cven vixsenebT daviT aRmaSeneblis ocnebas, rom gelaTis academia unda

yofiliyo meore ierusalimi Tavisi sulierebiTa da moRvaweobiT da àxali

aTina~ Tavisi didi mecnierebiT da ai, dRes ixsneba saeklesio universiteti,

romelic aris memkvidre gelaTis akademiisa. sakiTxi urTierTobis codnisa

anu mecnierebisa da sarwmunoebisa, es aris uZvelesi Tema. es Tema jer kidev

I-II saukuneebSi iyo aqtualuri, amaze msjelobdnen da fiqrobdnen didi

mecnierebi da gansakuTrebiT iseTi cnobili da didi mecnieri, rogoric

iyo klimenti aleqsandrieli. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom aleqsandria iyo

centri mecnierebisa, iq moRvaweobdnen udidesi filosofosebi. cnobili

iyo aleqsandriis biblioTeka, skola. klimenti aleqsandrieli Tavis

istoriul naSromSi wers, Tu ra urTierTdamokidebulebaSia codna da

rwmena. igi ambobs, rom pirveladi aris rwmena da zed daSenebulia codna,

bolos ki akeTebs aseT daskvnas, rom morwmune adamiani aris mona RvTisa,

xolo morwmune da ganaTlebuli adamiani ki megobari RvTisa _ ai, aseT

safexurze ahyavs klimenti aleqsandriels adamiani. Tqven aseve iciT, rom

qarTveli adamiani mudam cdilobda codnis SeZenas, igi mudam ewafeboda

mecnierebas, mis gonebaSi arasodes iyo winaaRmdegoba codnasa da rwmenas

Soris, gavixsenoT Tundac petriwonis monastery, sadac satrapezos kedlebi

iyo moxatuli antikuri filosofosebis portretebiT, mudam iyo safuZveli

didi RvTismetyvelebisa da gamoTqmuli iyo aseTi sityvebi, rom filosofia

aris msaxuri Teologiisa.

dRes bednieri dRea, ixsneba wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis

universiteti, romelic gaagrZelebs im tradiciebs, romlebic arsebobda Cvens

istoriul warsulSi. me minda mivuloco mTel saqarTvelos es movlena. minda

aRvniSno, rom didi mxardaWera miviReT Cveni xelisuflebisagan. dRes aris

zeimi qarTveli adamianis gonebaSi, gulSi. am istoriul dRes wmida andria

pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTul universitets gaxsnilad vacxadeb~.

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m interesiT daaTvaliera universitetis

saswavlo auditoriebi, biblioTeka da ganacxada: àse mowyobili universiteti

arc erTi ar aris saqarTveloSi. axla mTavaria professor-maswavleblebi

iyvnen TavianT simaRleze, studentebma igrZnon Tavisi wili pasuxismgeblobisa.

118

me xumrobiT vTqvi kidec: axalgazrda rom viyo, am universitetSi viswavlidi

sixaruliT~.

pirveli miReba ZiriTadad magistraturasa da doqtoranturaSi

ganxorcielda. 2010 wels bakalavriatSi miRebul iqna 20 studenti istoriis

specialobiT. Seiqmna enebis centri, TarjimanTa skola, daiwyo muSaoba

sabakalavro, samagistro da sadoqtoro programebis srulyofisaTvis.

universitetis gaxsnidan erTi wlis Semdeg uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

meTaurTan mitropolit ionasTan erTad kvlav estumra qarTul universitets.

patriarqma erTgvarad Seajama universitetis erTwliani muSaobis Sedegi da

brZana: `maxsendeba daviT winaswarmetyvelis sityvebi: `did xar Sen ufalo da

sakvirvel arian saqmeni Seni!~ marTlac didia ufali da adamianis goneba ver

Cawvdeba mis sibrZnes. Cven sasoebiTa da siyvaruliT unda miviRoT is, rasac

ufali gvaZlevs. ramdenime wlis win vin warmoidgenda, rom saqarTvelos eklesias

eqneboda ori sasuliero akademia, sasuliero seminariebi, saswavleblebi,

gimnaziebi da bolos universiteti. vin warmoidgenda, rom saqarTvelos

eklesias gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia eqneboda... magram ufali mowyalea

da saxarebaSi weria _ ìTxovde da mogeces Sen~. Cvenc viTxovdiT da ufalma

wyalobiT mogvxeda da mogvca. mogvca ara imisaTvis, rom viamayoT, aramed

misTvis, rom ers sikeTe movutanoT~.

2012 wlis 10 oqtombers axali saswavlo wlis dawyebasTan dakavSirebiT

qarTul universitets estumrnen: uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II, ramdenime mRvdelmTavari da mTavrobis wevrebi.

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m ganacxada: `Cven vimyofebiT universitetSi

da minda giTxraT, rom Cveni patriarqebi, qveynisa da eklesiisaTvis mowame

da Tavdadebuli moRvaweni, verc ki iocnebebdnen, rom sapatriarqos hqonoda

Tavisi universiteti! dRes ki dadga aseTi dro da vmadlobT ufals am didi

wyalobisaTvis!

aq iTqva, rom saWiroa kavSiri TaobaTa Soris. minda giTxraT, aseTi kavSiri

saWiro ki ara, aucilebelia. amgvari kavSiris Taobaze minda erTi magaliTi

mogiyvanoT. didi cnobili filosofosi konfuci erTxel Tavis mowafeebTan

erTad etliT mgzavrobda. maT gzaze SemoxvdaT adamiani, romelic Tavs imiT

irCenda, rom Citebs iWerda da yidda. konfucim etlis gaCereba brZana d aim

kacisaken gaemarTa. misi mowafeebi kvaldakval mihyvnen. roca badeebs miuaxlovda,

dainaxa rom ukve ramdenime Citi gabmuliyo maxeSi. konfucim SeniSna, rom es

Citebi yvelanio momcroni, TiTqmis bartyebi iyvnen. maSin igi dainteresda,

ratom ar iWerda es kaci mozrdil Citebs da aseTi pasuxi miiRo: maT ver viWer,

radgan didi gamocdileba aqvT da maxeSi Znelad ebmebiano. konfucim gadaxeda

Tavis mowafeebs da uTxra: `daimaxsovreT es, sibrZne ufrosisagan, Senze metad

119

gamocdilisagan unda iswavloo~. ufros Taobas SesaZloa kompiuteri da axali

Tanamedrove teqnika ar esmis, magram mas aqvs sibrZne da gamocdileba, romelic

Zalze Zvirfasia da romlis gaziarebac maT SeuZliaT axalgazrdebisaTvis.

TqvenTan saubarSi axla, uecrad aseTi azri momivida, rom yovel

universitets unda hqondes Tavisi idea, Tavisi devizi, Tavisi mowodeba.

iseTive, rogorc, magaliTad, qarTuli idea. da ai, Cveni universiteti gaxdeba

pirveli, romelic gamoacxadebs Tavis ideas; am miznisaTvis me avarCie erTi

gamoTqma: Nosce Te Ipsum, rac laTinurad TargmanSi niSnavs _ Seican Tavi Seni.

vfiqrob, es unda davaweroT didi asoebiT universitetis fasadze. imedia, sxva

universitetebi da umaRlesi saswavleblebic aseve ifiqreben TavianT mTavar

ideaze.

metad rTuli droa dRes da Cveni damokidebulebiTa da naazreviT kidev

ufro metad ar unda davamZimoT igi, ar unda CavvardeT arc erT ukiduresobaSi.

imas vgulisxmob, rom arc uxeSi liberalizmia saWiro da arc fantaziaa misaRebi.

qarTveli adamiani mudam zomieri iyo saqmeSi, cxovrebaSi, sarwmunoebaSi. uxeSma

liberalizmma, romelic evropaSi warmoiSva, kacobrioba komunistur ideebamde

da aTeizmamde miiyvana. amitomaa aucilebeli zomierebis dacva, saWiroa rwmena

da masze dayrdnobili codna~. 2008-2010 wlebSi universitetis reqtorebi

iyvnen: profesori parmen margvelaSvili, profesori Teimuraz gvancelaZe,

protopresviteri giorgi zviadaZe.

2010 wlis 10 oqtombers universitetis marTva-gamgeobis axali

debulebis Sesabamisad Seiqmna universitetis akademiuri sabWo universitetis

akademiuri nawilis marTvis koleqtiuri organo. patriarqis sruluflebian

warmomadgenlad uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT dainiSna

meufe iakobi (iakobiSvili), akademiuri sabWos Tavmjdomared da reqtorad

airCies profesori sergo vardosaniZe, romelsac 2011 wels erTi wliT, xolo

2012 wlis 2 ivliss, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is brZanebiT, moqmedi

akademiuri sabWos uflebamosilebis amowurvamde gaugrZelda akademiuri sabWos

Tavmjdomaris, reqtoris uflebamosileba. 2014 wlis seqtembris dasawyisSi

qarTul universitetSi Catarda akademiuri sabWos arCevnebi. 11 seqtembers

axladarCeuli akademiuri sabWos wevrebi miiRo da daloca uwmidesma da

unetaresma ilia II-m, ganvlili oTxi wlis muSaobis Sesaxeb isaubres patriarqis

sruluflebianma warmomadgenelma qarTul universitetSi meufe iakobma,

profesorma sergo vardosaniZem, akademikosma roin metrevelma, profesorma

vaxtang sarTaniam. imave dRes universitetSi gaimarTa akademiuri sabWos

Tavmjdomaris, reqtoris arCevnebi. sabWom akademiuri sabWos Tavmjdomared,

reqtorad kvlav airCia profesori sergo vardosaniZe.

2010-2015 wlebSi universitetSi dasrulda fakultetebis, mimarTulebaTa

da administraciuli struqturebis formireba. dainiSna universitetis

120

kancleri Tamaz vaCaZe, Seiqmna 4 fakulteti: 1. humanitarul mecnierebaTa

da samarTlis (dekani profesori sergo vardosaniZe, dekanis movaleobis

Semsrulebeli profesori vaxtang guruli); 2. ekonomikisa da biznesis

marTvis fakulteti (dekani profesori vaxtang sarTania); 3. informatikis,

maTematikisa da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa fakulteti (dekani profesori

ivane wereTeli); 4. socialur mecnierebaTa fakulteti (dekani profesori

dimitri nadiraSvili). universitetSi bakalavriatSi, magistraturasa da

doqtoranturaSi swavlobs 1500-ze meti studenti.

2010 wlis 15 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebidan 33 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT qarTul

universitetSi gaimarTa sazeimo sxdoma, romelsac eswrebodnen uwmidesi da

unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolios-patriarqi ilia II, patriarqis

sruluflebiani warmomadgeneli qarTul universitetSi meufe iakobi

(iakobiSvili), universitetis profesor-maswavleblebi, studentebi. uwmidesma

da unetaresma ilia II-m didi madloba moaxsena sazogadoebas am lamazi da

saintereso RonisZiebisaTvis da brZana: ̀ yovladsamRvdelono mRvdelmTavrebo,

batono reqtoro, professor-maswavleblebo, studentebo, qalbatonebo da

batonebo, minda giTxraT erTi ram, _ didgoris omi grZeldeba, didgoris omi

ar damTavrebula, didgoris omi Cven cxovrebaSia, Cvens kulturaSia, enaSi

da literaturaSi, eklesiaSi da me darwmunebuli var, rom didgoris omi

gamarjvebiT damTavrdeba.

me Zalian gamixarda, rom Cven universitets aweria ̀ Nosce Te Ipsum~, ̀ Seican

Tavi Seni~, madloba RmerTs, rom Cven viwyebT am Secnobas, Tu adamiani Seicnobs

Tavs, is aucileblad gaTavisufldeba borotisagan. gansakuTrebiT mivesalmebi

im adamianebs, romlebic eswrebodnen Cems intronizacias, qalbaton viqtoria

siraZes, qalbaton naTela vasaZes, qalbaton meri kandelaks da sxvebs. es iyo

umZimesi wlebi, sakavSiro xelisuflebaSi, kremlSi iyo aseTi Sexeduleba _ ̀ rac

ufro cudi iqneba mdgomareoba eklesiisa, miT ukeTesi~. ai, aseT pirobebSi

viyavi arCeuli. me imediT vuyureb momavals, TviTon arasdros vkargav imeds,

upirveles yovlisa, imeds RvTisas. Cven unda gvqondes imedi adamianisa, Zalian

Znelia dRes erTguli adamianis povna, magram mainc arian, bevrni arian. bevria

kargi adamiani saqarTveloSi, RmerTma dagvajildova Cven Tavisi TvisebiT,

siyvaruliT, arcerT ers ar gaaCnia iseTi sityvebi rogoricaa: `Seni Wirime~,

`Sen genacvale~, ese igi me Segcvli, Wirs Rebulobs adamiani Tavis Tavze, rom

daexmaros Tavis megobars. ase rom, imedi ar unda davkargoT da yvelaferi

kargad iqneba. didi imediT vuyureb Cvens momavals. batonma levan vasaZem

gaixsena Cemi sityvebi _ àr waval am qveynidan, sanam ar vnaxav gamTlianebul

saqarTvelos~. inebos RmerTma, male moxdes es gamTlianeba. minda kidev gavixseno

Cveni mecnierebi, Cveni studentebi; im periodSi Cven gvekrZaleboda Sesvla

121

universitetebSi da sxva saswavleblebSi. yovel xuTSabaTs me mqonda Sexvedra

mecnierebTan da garkveul Temas vamuSavebdiT, vkiTxulobdiT, vecnobodiT,

da mere profesorebi, profesor-maswavleblebi midiodnen saswavleblebSi da

uambobdnen studentebs imis Sesaxeb, razec Cven vsaubrobdiT. RmerTma ineba, rom

mTeli xalxi, TiTqmis mTeli xalxi moeqca; minda bolos vTqva, rom ucxoeTidan

Camodian patriarqebi, sxva maRali sasuliero wodebis pirebi da amboben, rom

aseTi eri, mosiyvarule, aseTi morwmune xalxi Cven msoflioSi sxvagan arsad

gvinaxavs; dideba da madloba ufals, gaxarebuli iyaviT, gmadlobT~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

qarTul universitets araerTxel stumrobs universitetSi gamarTul

samecniero konferenciebze. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo 2010

wlis 12 oqtombers qarTul universitetSi sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZris

daarsebidan 1700 da ganaxlebidan 1000 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili samecniero

konferencia, romelsac uwmides da unetares ilia II-sTan erTad estumrnen

albaneTis eklesiis meTauri, tiranisa da sruliad albaneTis mTavarepiskoposi,

unetaresi anastasiosi, CexeTisa da slovakeTis eklesiis meTauri, praRis

mTavarepiskoposi unetaresi qristefore.

imave wlis 27 noembers uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II qarTul universitets

estumra cnobili osi mecnieris profesor izmail xuzmievis universitetis

sapatio doqtorad arCevis ceremonialSi monawileobis misaRebad.

2011 wlis 9 oqtombers qarTul universitetSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa da

unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis mier wmindanad Seracxili ambrosi

xelaias dabadebidan 150 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili konferencia, romlis muSaobaSi

monawileobda uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. man Seajama ra konferenciis muSaoba

aRniSna _ yvela patriarqis movaleobaa arasodes daayenos Tavisi qveyana da

eklesia dartymis qveS, aramed man Tavis Tavze unda miiRos es dartyma. aseTebi

iyvnen Cveni patriarqebi da aseTi iyo wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli.

2012-2013 wlebSi saiubileo TariRi iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiisaTvis. 2012 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidessa da unetaress

ilia II-s aRsaydrebidan 35, 2013 wlis 4 ianvars dabadebidan 80 weli Seusrulda.

2012 wlis 4 maiss universitetSi moewyo uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-isadmi

miZRvnili foto gamofena. noemberSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia,

daibeWda patriarqisadmi miZRvnili wigni `mwyemsi saqarTvelosi~.

2013 wlis 11 ianvars qarTul universitetSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa da

unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis

mTavarepiskoposis, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis ilia II-is

dabadebis 80 da aRsaydrebis 35 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili samecniero konferencia.

amasTan dakavSirebiT universitets uwmidessa da unetares ilia II-sTan erTad

122

estumrnen yovladuwmidesi barTolomeosi _ msoflio patriarqi, uwmidesi

irineosi _ serbeTis patriarqi, unetaresi qristefore _ CexeTisa da slovakeTis

eklesiis meTauri, mitropoliti serafime _ aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis

sapatriarqos warmomadgeneli, mitropoliti kirile _ bulgareTis patriarqis

mosaydre, antioqiis, ierusalimis, ruseTis eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, ruseTis

prezidentis warmomadgeneli saerTaSoriso kulturul urTierTobaTa

sferoSi mixeil Svidkoi, saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare daviT

usufaSvili. universitetis reqtori profesori sergo vardosaniZe miesalma

stumrebs da brZana: `Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav msoflio patriarqo, Tqveno

uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurno, delegacies

xelmZRvanelebo, Tqveno aRmatebulebav batono parlamentis Tavmjdomarev,

batonebo! dRevandeli dRe istoriulia Cveni universitetisaTvis, dRes Cven

vmaspinZlobTa marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenlebs, usazRvroa Cveni

sixaruli, uwmidesisa da unetaresis mier daarsebul universitetSi imarTeba

saerTaSoriso konferencia, romelic eZRvneba Cveni didi patriarqis dabadebis

80 da aRsaydrebis 35 wlisTavs. dRevandeli dRe kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs, rom

misi uwmidesoba ilia II saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli

didi siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT mosilia ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed

msoflioSi. XX-XXI saukuneebis saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi sami didi

patriarqis Rvawli ganuzomelia. maTgan orni, uwmidesni da unetaresni

kirioni da ambrosi mowameobrivad aResrulnen, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II

bolo 35 wlis manZilze Cvens mfSfoTvare, winaaRmdegobebiT da problemebiT

daxunZlul saqarTveloSi qarTveli xalxis cxovrebiT, WiriTa da lxiniT

cxovrobs. igi TiToeuli qarTvelisaTvis brZeni, yuradRebiani didi sulieri

moRvawea. misi sjeraT, is uyvarT, yvela cdilobs raRaciT gamoxatos misadmi

udidesi pativiscema.

Cvenma didma patriarqma sicocxleSive ukvdavebaSi Seabija~.

uwmidessa da unetaress miesalmnen sapatio stumrebi. msoflio patriarqma

yovladuwmidesma barTolomeosma miuloca uwmidessa da unetaress saiubileo

TariRebi da mowameobrivi xalxis kultura uwoda Cvens kulturas da yuradReba

gaamaxvila im garemoebaze, rom Cveni kultura, iseve rogorc Cveni cxovreba

da istoria mWidrod aris gadajaWvuli qristianobasTan da marTlmadidebel

eklesiasTan, aRniSna, rom qristes sarwmunoebis gamo, qarTvelma xalxma

mravali tanjva da devna ganicada, magram yoveli is devna òbobas qselze

ufro advilad dairRva, kvamlze ufro martivad gaifanta, mtversa da buRze

uswrafesad gaqra~ _ rogorc ambobda konstantinopolis sapatriarqo saydarze

myofi Cveni winapari, ioane oqropiri.

yovladuwmidesma barTolomeosma maRali Sefaseba misca qarTul

kulturas, romelic misi TqmiT, wmindanTa mSobelma marTlmadidebelma

123

saqarTvelom Seqmna. misi azriT `Tu marTlmadidebeli kulturis dasavleTis

kulturasTan Sedarebas movindomebT, Sedegebi maincdamainc saxarbielo ver

iqneba, rom aRar vTqvaT uimedo. pirvelSi dominirebs RmerTkacebrivi elementi,

silamaze, maradiuloba, meoreSi ki adamianuri, miwieri, materialuri, warmavali.

Tanamedrove kulturaSi, evropulsa Tu dasavlurSi. nebismieri adamiani naTlad

xedavs winaaRmdegobas, rac niSnavs Sesabamis Sinagan samyaros, anu naklebobas

RvTaebrivisa, romlisganac momdinareobs mSveniereba, harmonia, wesrigi da

silamaze. amis sawinaaRmdegod adamianis harmoniuli damokidebuleba RmerTTan

aRbeWdilia qarTvelTa kulturis Zvel da axal qmnilebebSi. dasasruls dasZina,

rom Seecada esaubra ise, rogorc Sehferis marTlmadidebels WeSmariti

marTlmadideblis winaSe, anu `suliTa WeSmaritebiT~. amisaTvis moixmo uflis,

mociqulTa da mamaTa moZRvrebebi. `rogori madlicaa miRebuli, iseTivea

qarTuli kulturac. madlis gardamosvla, wyaloba da RmerTis kurTxevaa

saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelad Tqveni yofnac unetareso da Zalze

sayvarelo Zmao, patriarqo saqarTveloisa ilia, romelmac Tqveni wvliliT,

viTarca mRvdelma, viTarca mRvdelmTavarma da patriarqma kultura SeqmeniT~,

dasZina man.

2013 wlis seqtemberSi uwmidesi da unetaresi kvlav ewvia qarTul

universitets, Sexvda studentebs, profesor-maswavleblebs da miuloca axali

saswavlo wlis dawyeba.

uwmidesis da unetaresis mier daarsebuli qarTuli universitetis

studentebi, profesor-maswavleblebi grZnoben im pasuxismgeblobas, rac

maT akisriaT qveynisa da Cveni eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis winaSe da yvelafers

akeTeben, raTa gaamarTlon patriarqis imedebi.

2013 wlis 6 ianvars uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is brZanebiT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTuli universitetis reqtori

profesori sergo vardosaniZe dajildovda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis umaRlesi jildoTi wmida giorgis oqros ordeniT Tbilisis sasuliero

akademiasa da seminariaSi xangrZlivi da nayofieri pedagogiuri moRvaweobisa

da qarTuli universitetis ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis. es jildo

sapatriarqos qarTuli universitetis aRiarebaa.

2008 wlis 16 aprils mTian aWaraSi Seiqmna wmida tbel abuseriZis

saswavlo universiteti. misi mizania qarTveli eris keTildReobis,

ekonomikuri Zlierebis, Tavdacvisunarianobisa da sulierebis amaRlebis

mizniT ganaxorcielos fundamenturi da gamoyenebiTi xasiaTis kvlevebi

sabunebismetyvelo, humanitarul da socialur menierebebSi. universiteti

mTiani aWaris axalgazrdobas saSualebas aZlevs sapatriarqos mier gamoyofili

grantis safuZvelze miiRos ufaso umaRlesi ganaTleba. universitetis

124

reqtoria sxalTeli mTavarepiskoposi spiridoni (abulaZe). universitetSi

sabakalavro programebia: filologia, istoria, xelovnebaTmcodneoba,

ganaTleba, Jurnalistika, sajaro mmarTveloba, biznesi da administrireba,

samarTalmcodneoba, agraruli, meddis saqme. samagistro _ istoria,

filologia, ganaTleba, Jurnalistika, xelovnebaTmcodneoba, agraruli,

arqeologia. 2013 wlis 17 ivniss uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi estumra abuseriZe tbelis saxelobis xiWauris saswavlo

universitets, daloca universitetis studentebi da professor-maswavleblebi,

moiwona universitetis reqtoris meufe spiridonis saqmianoba.

2009 wlis 12 marts TbilisSi gaixsna wm. Tamar mefis saxelobis medicinis

instituti, romelic 2011 wels gadakeTda saswavlo universitetad; misi

reqtoria medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, arqimandriti adami (axalaZe).

dekoratiuli mebaReobis instituti 2012 wlidan gadakeTda saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos dekoratiuli mebaReobis sazogadoebriv kolejad, romelsac

xelmZRvaneloben zurab SevardnaZe (direqtori), moadgile deda Tekle

(sixaruliZe).

2012 wlidan sasuliero akademiasa da seminariasTan arsebuli xalxuri

simRerebisa da galobis umaRlesi skola gadakeTda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

giorgi mTawmidelis sax. saswavlo universitetad, romlis reqtoria

arqimandriti ioane (kikvaZe). universiteti moamzadebs saeklesio galobisa da

xalxuri simRerebis specialistebs, izrunebs Cveni erovnuli faseulobebis

dacva-gadarCenisaTvis. 2012 wlis 14 maiss biznesmenma vano CxartiSvilma

londonSi daafuZna fondi `qarTuli galoba~, romelic yovelwliurad

gamoyofs 20 000 lars saukeTeso Semsruleblebis waxalisebisaTvis. uwmidesisa

da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, ilia II-is locva-

kurTxeviT yoveli wlis 14 maiss, wm. Tamar mefis xsenebis dRes, aRiniSneba

qarTuli galobisa da simRerebis dResaswauli. am dRes dajildovdebian

Tbilisisa da saqarTvelos regionebSi moRvawe musikaluri koleqtivebi.

uwmidesma da unetaresma, 2012 wlis 17 ivniss sakvirao qadagebisas

aRniSna: `madloba RmerTs, rom vcxovrobT iseT dros, roca eklesias aqvs

ori sasuliero akademia, 4 sasuliero seminaria, sapatriarqos universiteti,

gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia, 40-ze meti skola da gimnazia. am saswavleblebma

gamoiRes keTili nayofi, maT aqvT Zalian kargi Sedegebi da Cven vmadlobT ufals

aseTi didi wyalobisaTvis! Cvens eklesiaSi wina patriarqebis mmarTvelobis

epoqaSi amdeni saswavleblis eklesiis egidis qveS yofna warmoudgeneli iyo~.

amJamad saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sasuliero seminariebi aqvs: axalcixeSi

_ wmida grigol xanZTelis saxelobis (reqtori mitropoliti Teodore), baTumSi

_ wmida ioane RvTismetyvelis saxelobis (reqtori dekanozi basil beriZe).

1995 wlis 25 maiss saqarTvelos saxelmwifo meTaurisa da sruliad

125

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis erToblivi brZanebiT, `qarTuli enisa

da sruliad saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sulieri da zneobrivi amaRlebisa da

misi inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis mizniT~, q. quTaisSi daarsda gelaTis

mecnierebaTa akademia. amiT aRdga wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis mier

dafuZnebuli gelaTis akademiis tradicia. gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis

prezidentebi iyvnen: profesori magali Todua, profesori mixeil qurdiani.

amJamad gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentia rusTavis mitropoliti

ioane (gamrekeli).

akademia gamoscems yovelTviur samecniero Jurnals, romelSic ibeWdeba

mniSvnelovani gamokvlevebi Teologiis, eklesiis istoriis, Zveli qarTuli enis,

literaturis, qristianuli xelovnebis mniSvnelovan problemebze. sasuliero

saswavleblebi funqcionirebs axalcixeSi, gorSi, foTSi, baTumsa da nekresSi.

Yyvela moqmed eparqiaSia sasuliero gimnaziebi, profiluri skolebi.

2011 wlis 2 maiss sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa

da unetaresis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT sof. diRomSi gaixsna wmida eqvTime

RvTiskacis saxelobis sapatriarqos profesiuli saganmanaTleblo koleji,

romelsac meTvalyureobas uwevs meufe iakobi (iakobiSvili), kolejis

direqtoria revaz SarabiZe.

kaTolikos-patriarqi Rirseulad agrZelebs saqarTvelos saero

universitetebTan urTierTobis im tradicias, romelsac XX saukunis dasawyisSi

safuZveli Cauyara kaTolikos-patriarqma kirion II-m. uwmidesi da unetaresi

arCeulia Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis, teqnikuri universitetis,

sulxan-saba orbelianis pedagogiuri universitetis sapatio profesorad.

2005 wels uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II airCies saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosad. uwmidesma da unetaresma akademiis

wevrebs mimarTa: `me Tavs vixri Cveni mecnierebis winaSe. didia Tqveni Rvawli,

Tqveni wvlili erisa da eklesiis winaSe... me vityodi, rom is, rac aq xdeba,

istoriuli aqtia, rac warmoudgeneli iqneboda sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi.

Ees aris pirveli SemTxveva, rom kaTolikos-patriarqi mecnierebaTa akademiis

sapatio wevrad iqna arCeuli... saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia dRes mZlavri

samecniero centria, romelsac unda gavufrTxildeT da, amasTan erTad, unda

vizrunoT mis gaZlierebaze. aRmasvlis procesi uwyveti unda iyos~.

kaTolikos-patriarqi yovelTvis xazgsmiT aRniSnavs, rom saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia politizirebuli Zala ar unda gaxdes,

radgan eklesia mowodebulia imisaTvis, rom mTel ers amTlianebdes. sasuliero

saswavleblebi _ akademia, seminaria, gimnazia _ magaliTi unda iyos saero

saswavleblebisTvisac.

saqarTveloSi sasuliero ganaTlebis aRorZinebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba

aqvs msoflios marTlmadideblur saswavleblebTan kontaqtebs, maTi

126

gamocdileba da miRwevaTa sworad gaazreba did daxmarebas gauwevs Cvens

saswavleblebs. uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, Cveni warCinebuli

studentebi gacvliTi programebis meSveobiT swavlas agrZeleben moskovisa

da peterburgis sasuliero akademiebSi, saero universitetebSi, agreTve

saberZneTSi, CexeTSi, kviprosze, germaniaSi, romSi, inglisSi. saqarTvelos

eklesiis meTauri zrunavs ara marto sasuliero ganaTlebis problemebze,

aramed zogadad sabunebismetyvelo-teqnikuri da humanitaruli mecnierebebis

ganviTarebazec. patriarqTan xSirad ikribebian mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargis

specialistebi da msjeloben aqtualur sakiTxebze. uwmidesisa da unetaresis

locva-kurTxeviT, 2005 wlis 8 Tebervals, wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis

xsenebis dRes, daarsda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

saerTaSoriso saqvelmoqmedo fondi _ `sulierebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis

aRorZineba da ganviTareba~. fondis Tavmjdomarea uwmidesi da unetaresi

ilia II, aRmasrulebeli mdivani _ protopresviteri giorgi zviadaZe. fondis

prezentaciaze saqarTvelos patriarqma ase gansazRvra fondis samoqmedo

gegma: ès fondi izrunebs aramarto sulierebis ganmtkicebisTvis, aramed

kulturisa da mecnierebis aRorZinebisa da ganviTarebisTvis, rasac udidesi

mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos momavlisaTvis. amitom, Cven gveqneba Zalian

mWidro kavSiri Cvens mecnierebaTa akademiasTan, Cvens universitetebTan da

yvelafers gavakeTebT imisaTvis, rom daxmarebis xeli gavuwodoT mecnierebs,

magram mTavari mainc erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba ganmtkicebaa~.

fondis mmarTvel sabWoSi Sedian TvalsaCino adamianebi, mecnierebis,

kulturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweni. fondis mizania daafinansos erovnuli

da saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis proeqtebi. fondis xelSewyobiTa da

dafinansebiT aRdga qarTuli Jurnalebis: `ciskaris~, `mnaTobisa~ da

`literatura da xelovnebis~ gamocema; dafinansda mravali samecniero,

literaturuli, istoriuli, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi Tu avtobiografiuli

xasiaTis wigni da gamocema.

fondis erT-erTi mTavari prioritetia kulturuli TanamSromloba

ucxoeTSi mcxovreb Cvens TanamemamuleebTan.

patriarqis fondi yovelwliurad atarebs maStabur saerTaSoriso

festivals _ àRdgomidan amaRlebamde~, romlis mizania axalgazrdobis

daintereseba qarTuli da msoflio klasikuri xelovnebiT, ucxoeTSi

moRvawe qarTvel xelovanTa da qarTuli kulturiT dainteresebul ucxoel

SemsrulebulTa Semoqmedebis popularizaciiT saqarTveloSi.

2006 wels, sruliad saqarTvelos kaToliko-patriarqis fondTan daarsda

qarTuli sagaloblisa da xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso centri, romlis

mizania lotbarebis momzadeba, samgaloblo saswavleblebisa da folkloruli

centrebis daarseba da qarTuli kulturis popularizacia sazRvargareT.

127

fondi aqtiurad monawileobs qveynis kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisa

da gadarCenis saqmeSi.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT fondi

aqtiurad muSaobs demografiuli problemis mogvarebisaTvis saWiro erovnuli

programis Seqmnaze. programis amoqmedeba dagegmilia 2008 wlis dasawyisisTvis.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom fondSi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqTan, xSirad ikribebian qarTveli mecnierebi, mwerlebi, xelovnebisa da

kulturis muSakebi, sazogadoebis warmomdgenlebi, sadac msjeloben sxvadasxva

mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze; gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba afxazeTisa da

cxinvalis regionis Temas da im gzebis Ziebas, romelic aRadgens Cveni xalxebis

mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas erTian saxelmwifoSi.

uwmidesma da unetaresma aRorZinebuli `mnaTobis~ prezentaciaze

xazgasmiT aRniSna: `mwerloba, literatura ar SeiZleba waiSalos, ar SeiZleba

daeces proza da poezia Cvens sulSi... ra iqneboda, rom ara gvqonoda Zveli

qarTuli saeklesio mwerloba? ver aRorZindeboda is saero literatura,

romelsac ase veTayvanebiT da romliTac ase vamayobT. qarTuli literatura

iyo, aris da iqneba eris winamZRoli~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia XXI saukunis dasawyisSi

erovnuli mecnieruli da inteleqtualuri Rirebulebebis mowinaaRmdegeTa

pasuxad mtkice qomagad daudga qarTul mecnierul-inteleqtualur Zalas.

2005 wlis 7-9 noembers stambulSi Catarebul saerTaSoriso konferenciaze

`mSvidoba da Semwynarebloba~ patriarqi kvlav Seexo Tanamedroveobis erT-erT

aqtualur problemas _ civilizaciaTa dialogis sakiTxebs _ da aRniSna, rom

kvlav aqtualuria civilizaciaTa dialogis iseTi modelis Seqmna, romelic

xalxebs saSualebas miscems, gaaerTianon Zalebi globaluri da lokaluri

sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad. sazogadoeba unda dafiqrdes eris sulieri

winamZRolis miniSnebaze, rom TaobaTa erToba da erTsulovneba dRes Cveni

qveynisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa. eSmaki yofs da apirispirebs, RmerTi

aerTianebs da arigebs. patriarqi Seaxsenebs yvelas, visTvisac mecniereba,

eris inteleqtualuri potenciali meorexarisxovania, rom `qveyanam ar

unda dakargos is samecniero monapovari, rac mas gaaCnia... mraval dargSi

saqarTvelos msoflioSi aRiarebuli mkvlevarebi hyavs. saerTod, nebismieri

qveynis ganviTarebaSi samecniero sfero gadamwyvet rols asrulebs. mis

Camoyalibebas didi Tanxa da didi dro sWirdeba. gamousworebeli Secdoma

iqneba, qveyanam ar gamoiyenos is samecniero potenciali, romelic mas gaaCnia~.

qarTveli mecnierebi, mwerlebi, SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi

Seqmnil rTul viTarebaSi eris inteleqtualuri potencialis mfarvelad

da gadamrCenlad sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesias miiCneven.

128

1977 wlis 25 dekembers axladarCeulma patriarqma ilia II-m kompetenturi,

mcodne kadrebis naklebobis gamo Tavis Tavze aiRo 1978 wlis saeklesio

kalendris Semdgenel-redaqtoroba da kidev ufro gaamravalferovna wina wlebis

kalendrebSi arsebuli masalebi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis yovelwliuri kalendari Tavisi mecnieruli doniT, damwyebi

morwmuneTaTvis aucilebeli locvebiT, saeklesio dResaswaulebis mokle

mimoxilviT sazogadoebisaTvis sasurvel gamocemad iqca. 1977-1986 wlebSi misi

tiraJi SezRuduli iyo, magram xalxi mainc axerxebda saeklesio kalendarSi

arsebuli aucilebeli masalis gadawerasa da gamravlebas. patriarqis locva-

kurTxeviT, 1980-1982 wlebSi kalendrebSi daibeWda ̀ fsalmunni daviTisi~, Zveli

da axali aRTqmis wignebis calkeuli Tavebi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, yovelwliur sqeltanian

saeklesio kalendars daemata mcire formatis `jibis kalendari~ (1979 wlidan)

da kedlis kalendari. amJamad gamodis rogorc sapatriarqos oficialuri

kalendari, aseve ibeWdeba eparqiebis mier momzadebuli kalendrebic.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 1978 wels kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-

kurTxeviT gamovida saqarTvelos sapatriaqos ilustrirebuli Jurnali

`jvari vazisa~, romelic Tavisi mrvalferovani SinaarsiT, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis yoveldRiuri saqmianobis mimoxilviT

saqarTvelos eklesiis ukanaskneli TxuTmetTwliani istoriis yvelaze sando

wyarod iqca.

1978-1990 wlebSi kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT

mcire tiraJiT gamodioda `saRvTismetyvelo krebuli~, romelSic ibeWdeboda

Teologiuri, filosofiuri, istoriuli xasiaTis gamokvlevebi da Targmanebi.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiisaTvis didi

mniSvneloba hqonda bibliis sruli teqstis dabeWdvas. ilia II-is locva-

kurTxeviT Seiqmna bibliis mecnierulad dadgenili teqstis gamomcemelTa

jgufi, romlis mravalwliani Sromis Semdeg 1989 wels daibeWda bibliis sruli

teqsti axal qarTul enaze. amas mohyva bibliis Zvel qarTul enaze dabeWdvac.

marTalia, tiraJi mcire iyo, magram imdenad didi iyo moTxovnileba, rom

gamocema ramdenjerme ganmeorda. sapatriarqos SekveTiT, bibliis Targmnis

institutma milionobiT tiraJiT gamosca àxali aRTqma da fsalmunni~.

uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT, 1989 wlidan daiwyo

gazeT `madlis~ gamocema. mitropolit grigolis redaqtorobiT gamodis

samecniero popularuli Jurnali ùfliscixe~. 1999 wlis 7 ianvridan gamodis

`sapatriarqos uwyebani~, romelic Tavisi SinaarsiT mravalferovania da

moicavs saeklesio cxovrebis yvela sferos. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos egidiT

gamodis Jurnalebi: `karibWe~ da `krialosani~. saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis yvela eparqias aqvs Tavisi gazeTebi da Jurnalebi: `xvamli~, `Tabori~,

129

`fuZe~, ̀ dedaeklesia~, ̀ samreklo~, ̀ kandeli~, ̀ mrevli~. sapatriarqoSi arsebobs

saRvTismetyvelo wignebis Seswavlisa da redaqtirebis komisia (Tavmjdomare

urbnisisa da ruisis mitropoliti iobi (aqiaSvili), gamomcemlobisa da

recenzirebis departamenti (Tavmjdomare foTisa da xobis mitropoliti

grigoli (berbiWaSvili), sainformacio samsaxuri _ prescentri (Tavmjdomare

baTumisa da lazeTis mitropoliti dimitri (SiolaSvili)), sagamomcemlo

ganyofileba (Tavmjdomare profesori gvanca koplataZe). sapatriarqos

aqvs Teologiuri literaturiT mdidari biblioTeka. saintereso muSaoba

mimdinareobs sapatriarqos arqivSi (ufrosi mzia kacaZe), damuSavda unikaluri

fondebi. patriarqis aRsaydrebis 30-e wlisTavs mieZRvna sapatriarqos arqivis

masalebze dayrdnobiT gamocemuli SesaniSnavi wigni-albomi `patriarqi~,

romelic qalbatonma mzia kacaZem Seadgina.

sapatriarqos radio ìveria~ Tavisi erovnuli Sinaarsis gadacemebiT

gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs mosaxleobaSi.

2008 wlis 23 noembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis ZalisxmeviTa da locva-

kurTxeviT daarsda sapatriarqos televizia èrTsulovneba~, romelsac

xelmZRvanelobs Wyondideli mitropoliti petre (caava). umokles droSi meufe

petresa da televiziis TanamSromelTa didi ZalisxmeviT SesaZlebeli gaxda

maRalprofesiul doneze momzadebuliyo sulierebaTa da qarTuli erovnuli

suliskveTebiT nasazrdoebi gadacemebi. telekompania èrTsulovneba~

emsaxureba sazogadoebaSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebis danergvas,

qarTuli erovnuli sulisa da uflismieri siyvarulis gaRvivebas. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias TiTqmis yvela eparqiaSi aqvs sasuliero

da saero profilis gimnaziebi, saswavleblebi.

130

Tavi VIII. ukvdavebaSi gardasul saxeTa ardaviwyeba

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II saukeTeso magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor unda

vcemdeT pativs Cvens did winaparTa saxelebs, maT xsovnas. uwmidesi

da unetaresi wmindanebad Seracxul qarTvel mefeTagan gansakuTrebiT

gamoarCevs wmida mirians, wmida vaxtang gorgasals, wmida arCils, wmida daviT

aRmaSenebels, wmida Tamars, luarsab wamebuls, wmida qeTevan dedofals...

saeklesio kalendris mixedviT maTi xsenebis dReebSi wirvis Semdeg

patriarqi mrevls araerTxel esaubra maT sulier simaRleze, samSoblosaTvis

Tavdadebaze. uwmidesi xSirad stumrobs gelaTis monasters. daviT aRmaSeneblis

cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis, mis diad saqmeTa SexsenebiT qarTvelobas

ganumtkicebs warsuli istoriiT awmyosa da momavlis rwmenas. patriarqi xSirad

ixsenebs qarTl-kaxeTis mefis, erekle II-is mier samSoblosaTvis Tavganwirvas,

krwanisis brZolas, sadac 75 wlis moxuci mefe ukanasknelad gavida brZolis

velze. uwmidesma da unetaresma 300 aragvelis baRSi araerTxel gadaixada

paraklisi aRa-mahmad xanis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi daRupul qarTvel meomarTa

sulebis mosaxseneblad. manve gadaarCina 300 aragvelis baRi gasxvisebas.

kaTolikos-patriarqma 1987 wlis 20 ivliss, wmida sinodis TanxmobiT, didi

qarTveli mwerali, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRiarebuli

meTauri ilia WavWavaZe wmindanad Seracxa. wmida ilia marTali XX saukunis

dasawyisSi social-demokratebis msxverpli gaxda, misi saxeli idevneboda

XX saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi, xolo 40-70-ian wlebSi xan revolucioner-

demokratad, xan ki ganmanaTleblad iwodeboda. wmindanad Seracxvis Semdeg

ilia WavWavaZem Tavisi kuTvnili adgili daikava qarTveli eris, saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi.. patriarqma aRasrula

wminda ilia marTlis TanamebrZolis _ akaki wereTlis winaswarmetyveleba:

Tu saqarTvelos sikvdili ar uweria, maSin Senc ukvdavi iqnebio. uwmidesma

da unetaresma saocrad emociurad iqadaga wmida ilia marTlis xsenebis

dRes 1987 wlis 2 agvistos. `didi dRea dRes. dRevandel dRes wmida eklesia

zeimobs iliaobas, ilia winaswarmetyvelis dRes, romelic Tavisi didi rwmeniT,

TavdadebiT israelSi icavda WeSmarit sarwmunoebas. qarTvelma erma mravali

taZari aSena ilia winaswarmetyvelis saxelze, mis saxels atarebda Cveni didi

winapari _ ilia WavWavaZe. yovel weliwads igi dResaswaulobda wmida ilia

winaswarmetyvelis dRes, iliaobas.

amieridan ki Cven, qarTvelebi, wmida ilia winaswarmetyvelis locva-

kurTxeviT, mudam vizeimebT Cveni axali wmidanis, didi qarTveli mwerlis,

saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefis, misTvis wamebulisa da misi gadamrCenlis, ilia

WavWavaZis _ ilia marTlis dRes.

131

ilia WavWavaZis moRvaweoba iwyeba saqarTvelosTvis sabediswero Jams,

roca Cvenma samSoblom dakarga saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba, roca

saqarTvelos eklesias mohkveTes Tavi da daumorCiles ruseTis eklesiis

sinods, roca eris suli iyo Camkvdari, siwmide Selaxuli, _ beTlemi ukacuri.

am dros RvTis gangebiT mogvevlina ilia, rogorc winaswarmetyveli

da mqadagebeli, rogorc `xma mRaRadebeli udabnosa Sina~, sityva marTali

da WeSmariti, rata bibliur mosesaviT aeRo mowamebrivi tvirTi eris

winamZRvrisa. misi genia, misi saocari nebisyofa mironcxebuli da Sinagani

momzadebuli aRmoCnda am istoriuli misiisaTvis. TiTqos iliaze ganmeorda

ieremia winaswametyvelisadmi Tqmuli uflis sityvebi: `vidre gamoxvidodi Sen

saSodan, me gangwminde Sen, winaswarmetyvelad xalxTa dagadgine Sen~ (ieremia

1,4-5). man itvirTa jvari sruliad saqarTvelosi da Seudga golgoTis aRmarTs.

man gabedulad aRimaRla xma adamianTa uflebebis dasacavad, dahgmo sikvdiliT

dasja, rogorc umkacresi zoma samagieros mizRvisa, rogorc ukiduresad

miwieri da araqristianuli qmedeba. iliam icoda, damoukideblobisaTvis Cvens

brZolasa da erovnulobis SenarCunebaSi ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda qristianul

rwmenas, amitomac saTaveSi Caudga saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis ukanonod

mitacebuli avtokefaliis aRdgenis saqmes. swamda im qveynisa, romelic jvars

ecva jvarcmuli macxovrisaTvis, im xalxis, romelmac Tavis mkerdze daudga

qristianobas saydari, qvad sakuTari Zvlebi ixmara, kirad _ sisxli, romelsac

bWeni jojoxeTisani ver Semusraven. swamda, rom misi Tanamedrove saqarTvelos

gadarCena mxolod qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebas SeeZlo, romelic

aswavlis xalxs garCevas keTilisa da borotisa, codvisa da madlisa, wvdomas

cxovrebis arsisa da mizanisa, pirovnebis daniSnulebisa, sitkbos WeSmariti

Tavisuflebisa da bednierebisa. igi sulSeZruli werda:

`sad aris igi mRaRadebeli

qveynis xsnisaTvis, _ WeSmariteba?

sad aris igi, biwis mdevneli,

jvarcmulis RmerTis maRali mcneba?~

ilias cxovrebis etlma, ilia winaswarmetyvelis etlis msgavsad, cecxlis

kvesebiT gadauara saqarTvelos cas da waruSleli kvali datova.

gardacvaleba ar eTqmis mis sikvdils. es iyo jvarcma da mswraflamaRleba,

es iyo gardasaxva, TiToeul qarTvelSi ganbneva da maTSi eris siyvarulad

aRdgoma. didebulad brZana didma akakim, Tu saqarTvelos sikvdili ar uweria,

maSin Senc masTan erTad ukvdavi iqnebio. zeciuri saqarTvelos mkvidri,

miwieri saqarTvelos Tanamdevi ilias naTeli, ukvdavi suli WeSmaritad

dResac Tavs dagvtrialebs. gvsurs vauwyoT mrevls, Cvens morwmune xalxs,

rom saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodma aRasrula Tavisi vali da ilia

WavWavaZe _ ilia marTali, wmidanad Seracxa. amieridan misi suli ikiafebs im

132

saTayvanebel TanavarskvlavedSi, gzas rom unaTebs mravaltanjul, magram

sulierad gautexel, yovelgvari borotebis winaSe qeduxrel qarTvel ers. es

ar aris ubralo ganCineba, es aris didi gangeba RvTisa... wmida samebam _ mamam,

Zem da suliwmidam gamoxata Tavisi neba da gamoaCina axali brwyinvale wmidani,

romelic iqneba mfarveli Cveni erisa. es wirva aris misi pirveli dResaswauli.

qarTveli eri zeimobs ilia marTlis, rogorc wmidanis dRes, rac kidev erTxel

metyvelebs amaze, rom CvenTan ars RmerTi.

unda vicodeT: didi ilia WavWavaZis wmidanad Seracxva ar aris mxolod

aRiareba misi damsaxureba (damsaxureba ki misi erisa da eklesiis winaSe metad

didia), es ufro metia. roca xdeba ama Tu im pirovnebis wmidanad kanonizireba,

RvTis locva-kurTxeviT, mas eZleva gansakuTrebuli madli, gansakuTrebuli

Zala eris Sewevnisa. amieridan wmida ilia WavWavaZe _ wmida ilia marTali aris

Suamdgomeli winaSe RvTisa Cveni erisa da eklesiisaTvis.

riT daimsaxura wmida ilia marTalma es pativi? ra Tqma unda, Tavisi

RvawliTa da mowamebrivi aRsasruliT.

wmidanad aRiarebis Semdeg ilia aris ara marto poeti, mwerali, sazogado

moRvawe, aramed gamorCeuli moZRvari, mqadagebeli sikeTisa da simarTlisa,

rwmenisa. wmidanad aRiarebis Semdeg igi aris didi sulieri mfarveli Cveni

kulturis, Cveni mwerlobis, Cveni axalgazrdobis, Cveni momavali Taobebisa.

me minda mogilocoT es bednieri dRe, mogilocoT Tqven da TqvenTan erTad

mivuloco sruliad saqarTvelos. adamiani da eri sulierad da fizikurad

Zlieri rom iyos, RvTis SiSi da locvis Zala unda hqondes. Cven dRes wmida

samebis gangebiTa da aseve, deda RvTismSoblis locviTa da mfarvelobiT,

romlis wilxvedric Cveni eria. didi Zala Segvemateba.

wmida ilia winaswarmetyvelis locviT, wmida ilia marTlis locviT,

RvTismSobelma dedam daifaros Tavisi dedobrivi kalTiT sruliad saqarTvelo.

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom ilias ewoda marTali. uzenaesi simarTle saRvTo

werilis mixedviT, aris RmerTi da simarTlis mqadagebeli. upirveles yovlisa,

TviTon unda iyos matarebeli simarTlisa. TviTon unda cxovrobdes am

simarTliT. wmida ilia marTali swored am simarTliT cxovrobda da simarTles

qadagebda. simarTle ar SeiZleba daetios erT adamianSi. iseve, rogorc siwmide

da madli, isic iRvreba, efineba xalxs, ilia marTali daadga macxovris gzas

anu gzas golgoTisa, romelic Tumc mZimea, magram aRdgomiTa da amaRlebiT

mTavrdeba. wiwamuri Cveni wmida golgoTaa. samsxverploa yvela imaTi, vinc

icavs WeSmaritebas, simarTles.

SevsTxov RmerTs, wmida ilia marTlis locviT, ufro metad ganamtkicos

Cveni eri WeSmariti sarwmunoebiT, siyvaruliTa da sikeTiT.

SevsTxov wmida ilia marTals, iyos aw da maradis gamorCeulad mfarveli

Cveni axalgazrdobisa, Cveni studentobisa. amieridan Cveni axalgazrdoba

133

mimarTavs mas gansakuTrebuli locviT da wmida ilia marTalic RvTis winaSe

misi meoxi iqneba.

orive ilias madli geweodeT, RmerTma dalocos Cveni didi winapari, wmida

ilia marTali. amieridan is, rogorc brwyinvale varskvlavi Cvens wmidanTa Soris

brZandeba. misi Sewevna ar mogakloT RmerTma Tqven da sruliad saqarTvelos.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II samarTlianad Tvlida, rom cotne dadianis

gmiroba da moyvasisaTvis Tavdadeba kmaroda misi wmindanad kanonizaciisaTvis.

1999 wlis 26 oqtombers, wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT, erovnuli gmiri cotne

dadiani wmindanad Seiracxa. patriarqma aseve ukvdavyo XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi

sparseTSi daRupulni `wmida mowameni qarTvelni~, sarwmunoebisaTvis

Tavdadebulni lazni, saqarTvelos mefe vaxtang III, romelic aResrula 1303

wels. didi qarTveli mecnieris eqvTime TayaiSvilis Rvawli yvelasaTvis

cnobilia. misi dauRalavi saqmianobiT XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze SesaZlebeli

gaxda mravali ucnobi xelnawerisa da saistorio sabuTis moZieba da gadarCena.

fasdaudebeli iyo mecnieris mier mowyobili samecniero eqspediciebi rogorc

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, aseve _ TurqeTis saqarTveloSi, istoriul

tao-klarjeTSi. eqvTime TayaiSvili patronobda 1921 wels emigraciaSi wasuli

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis mier gatanil qarTul

siwmindeebs. samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg am didma adamianma bolSevikuri

xelisuflebisgan damcireba, Seuracxyofa, ciliswameba da mravali usiamovneba

gadaitana. igi aResrula 1953 wels. qarTveli sazogadoeba sinanuliT ixsenebs

mecnieris samSobloSi cxovrebis bolo wlebs. mravali wigni da samadlobeli

werili mieZRvna mis xsovnas, magram yovelive es mis damsaxurebasTan

SedarebiT zRvaSi wveTi iyo. uwmidesma da unetaresma sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m 2002 wlis 18 oqtombris sinodis sxdomaze

eris winaSe gansakuTrebuli damsaxurebisaTvis mowamebrivad aRsrulebuli

eqvTime TayaiSvili wmindanad Seracxa da mas wmida eqvTime RvTiskaci

uwoda. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis es istoriuli

gadawyvetileba didi adamianis ukvdavebisa da STamomavlobis mier daSvebuli

Secdomebis gamosworebis ubadlo magaliTia.

saukuneTa manZilze qarTvel wmindanTa Sesaxeb cnobebi Taobidan Taobas

gadaecemoda. bevri wyaro daikarga, bevri Rirseuli moRvawe Tavis droze ver

iqna saTanadod dafasebuli. uwmidesma da unetaresma sapatriarqoSi Seqmnil

wmindanTa kanonizaciis komisias (xelmZRvaneli cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti

danieli) daavala, moeZia masalebi saqarTvelos eklesiisa da qarTveli xalxis

winaSe gansakuTrebuli Rvawlis mqone pirovnebebze, raTa wmida sinodis

sxdomebze aRsrulebuliyo maTi kanonizacia. 1996 wlis 23 dekembers wmindanebad

Seiracxnen wmida ninos mSoblebi _ zabuloni da sosana, 2002 wlis 18 oqtombers

_ qarTlis pirveli kaTolikosi petre I, kaTolikosi samoel I, sruliad

134

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi melqisedek I, XVI saukunis saeklesio

moRvawe zosime kumurdoeli. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m episkoposebis:

gabrielis, aleqsandres, mitropolit nazarisa da samRvdelo krebulis,

mRvdel-monazon aleqsi SuSanias, ilarion yanCavelis, grigol feraZis, eqvTime

kereseliZis, ioane maisuraZis, giorgi mxeiZis, mitropolitebis: dosiTeozisa

da eqvTimes, wmida Gabriel veris (urgebaZe) wmindanebad SeracxviT istoriuli

samarTlianoba aRadgina.

1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis gafarToebul saeklesio krebaze uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi wmindanad Seracxa.

rodesac patriarqma es gadawyvetileba amcno krebis monawileebs, cremli

ver Seikava. es iyo sinanuli im adamianTa nacvlad, romelTac qarTveli

xalxis politikuri da eklesiuri TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol kaTolikos

ambrosis mravali usiamovneba miayenes, saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli

samSoblos Ralatis braldebiT cixeSic ki gamoketes. kaTolikos-patriarqma

ambrosim Tavis sasamarTlo procesze qristes sityvebiT mimarTa mrevls:

àsulno ierusalimisano, nu stiriT Cemda, aramed itireT TavTa TqvenTa da

SvilTa TqvenTa~. wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli axlad Seracxul wmindanTa dasSi

gamorCeulad brwyinavs.

kaTolikos-patriarqma mecnier istorikosebTan mravalwliani

konsultaciebis Semdeg kidev ufro srulad gaiazra saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi avtokefaliuri moZraobis

meTauris, didi mecnierisa da sazogado moRvawis, kaTolikos-patriarqis

kirion II-is Rvawli. kirion II-m mravali dabrkoleba, ciliswameba, devna-

gadasaxleba gadaitana, magram saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis

aRdgenisaTvis brZola ar Seuwyvetia. man aRasrula Tavisi sityvebi:

`mamuliSvilobis gvirgvini samSoblos samsxverploze hkidiao~ da 1918 wlis

27 ivniss martyofis monasterSi mowameobrivad aResrula. qarTvel mecnierTa

da sasuliero wreebSi oTxmoc welze met xans ar Sewyvetila dava da azrTa

urTierTWidili, Tu ra moxda 1918 wlis 27 ivniss martyofis monasterSi.

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m uwmidesi kaTolikos-patriarqis, kirion II-is

wmindanad SeracxviT Rirseulad daafasa didi winamorbedis Rvawli qarTveli

erisa da dedaeklesiis winaSe.

aseTive pativi miago uwmidesma da unetaresma samSoblodan usamarTlod

devnili bagratovanTa samefo saxlis warmomadgenlis, 1815 wels trapizonSi

aRsrulebuli imerTa mefis solomon II-is xsovnas: 1990 wels panaSvidebi

gadauxada sionisa da sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZrebSi, xolo 2005 wlis

27 ivniss samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli Tavdadebuli mefe

wmindanad Seracxa. patriarqma am gadawyvetilebiT kidev erTxel cxadyo, rom

135

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia Rirseul pativs miagebs

did winaparTa xsovnas.

uwmindesi did winamorbedTa saqmis Rrseuli gamgrZelebli da, amave dros,

maTi Rvawlis damfasebelia. igi araerTxel Sexebia 1927-1932 wlebis saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis umZimes mdgomareobas da aRuniSnavs

patriarq qristefore III-is alRo da moqniloba, axal sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan

dialogi da TanamSromloba, romliTac man sruli ganadgurebisgan ixsna

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia.

uwmidesma 1979 wels sapatriarqoSi Seqmna sagangebo jgufi, romelsac

unda moeZia masalebi uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrates Sesaxeb. Seikriba

uwmidesi kalistrates TanamedroveTa mogonebebi, ramac kidev ufro TvalsaCino

gaxada didi patriarqis Rvawli da damsaxureba. ilia II studentobis periodSi

araerTxel Sexvedria uwmides da unetares melqisedek III-s. ilia II-s misaloc

baraTebSi lakonurad, magram srulad warmouCenia kaTolikos-patriarqebis:

efrem II-isa da daviT V-is Rvawli saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis winaSe.

patriarqi erTnairad yuradRebiania mRvdelmTavrebisa da rigiTi

sasuliero pirebis mimarT. man pativi miago sionis taZris protopresviters _

paxum obolaZes, mitropolitebs: giorgis (RonRaZe), zinobs (maJuga), grigols

(cercvaZe), konstantines (meliqiZe), elises (joxaZe). uwmidesis locva-

kurTxeviT sionis ezoSi dakrZales mitropolitebi aTanase (CaxvaSvili) da

Tadeozi (ioramaSvili).

uwmidesi da unetaresi saocrad mimtevebelia. amis dasturia patriarqis

pativiscema baTum-Semoqmedeli mitropolitebis _ romanozisa (petriaSvili) da

Sios (avaliSvili) mimarT, romelnic Tavis droze misi uwmidesobis Seurigebeli

oponentebi iyvnen. isini, patriarqis gadawyvetilebiT, sionis taZris ezoSi

dakrZales. xolo rodesac gardaicvala Wyondideli mTavarepiskoposyofili

ioane (ananiaSvili), uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m miiRo gadawyvetileba

misi samTavros monastris ezoSi dakrZalvis Sesaxeb. aseve mitropolityofili

nikolozi (maxaraZe) dakrZales CuRureTis wmida nikolozis saxelobis eklesiis

galavanSi.

didi pativi miago patriarqma merab kostavas, zurab WavWavaZis, giorgi

Wanturias, akaki baqraZis, zviad gamsaxurdias xsovnas. 2007 wels groznodan

saqarTveloSi gadmoasvenes saqarTvelos pirveli prezidentis, zviad

gamsaxurdias, neSti. qarTveli xalxi Tvalcremliani miacilebda mravaltanjuli

adamianis cxedars sveticxovlis taZridan mTawmindisaken. Uuwmidesma da

unetaresma TviTon gadauxada panaSvidi gansvenebul prezidents.

saqarTvelos patriarqi gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT

epyroba bagratovanTa samefo saxlis warmomadgenlebs, miiCnevs, rom

136

bagrationebs jer kidev bevri aqvT gasakeTebeli saqarTvelosaTvis. igi ar

gamoricxavs saqarTveloSi konstituciuri monarqiis iseTi saxiT aRdgenis

SesaZleblobas, roca mefe mefobs, magram ar marTavs. patriarqis locva-

kurTxeviT, XX saukunis 90-ian wlebidan ganaxlda bagrationTa samefos saxlis

gardacvlil wevrTa sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi dakrZalvis procesi.

sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi SabaTobiT Savosani adamianebi ikribebian. maT

saxeze udidesi tkivili da mwuxarebaa aRbeWdili. umravlesobas cxovrebaSi

didi tragedia daatyda Tavs _ isini Svilgardacvlili dedebi arian. Tu ara

eklesia, ilia II-is yuradReba, maTi cxovreba maSin damTavrdeboda, rodesac

sakuTar Svilebs gamoeTxovnen. patriarqma maT uCvena sulieri cxovrebis gza

xsnisa.

TbilisSi Svilgardacvlil dedaTa raodenobam 800-s gadaaWarba. didma

tkivilma gaaerTiana isini. rogorc misma uwmidesobam brZana, aseTi erToba

Svilgardacvlili dedebisa erTaderTia qristianobis ocsaukunovan msoflio

istoriaSi. dedebis erTad yofna xom marTlmadideblobis usityvo qadagebaa~.

Svilgardacvlili dedebi mraval sasikeTo saqmeTa iniciatorebi arian.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maTi saqmianoba sapatriarqosTan arsebul

mowyalebis saxlSi, romelic daarsda 1994 wels da sadac asobiT upovar

adamians yoveldRiurad umzadeben sadilebs, utareben ufaso samedicino

Semowmebas. `Cvenma erTobam, _ aRniSnavs sapatriarqos arqivis gamge, qalbatoni

mzia kacaZe, _ mravali mSobeli gadaarCina im saSineli codvis Cadenas,

romelsac TviTmkvleloba hqvia. axladSvilgardacvlil mSoblebs, romlebic

ganadgurebulebi, imeddakargulebi modian sionSi SabaTis wirvaze, sadac isini

nugeSiniscemulni arian saRvTo madliT, siTboTi da siyvaruliT. bevr maTgans

Tavidan arc esmis, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania wirva-locvaSi monawileobis

miReba, magram RvTis wyalobiT isini TandaTanobiT Tavadac iwyeben eklesiur

cxovrebas~.

afxazeTSi daRupuli erovnuli gmiris _ Jiuli Sartavas deda, qalbatoni

nino (fenia) daraselia-Sartava uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-sadmi gagzavnil

samadlobel werilSi ambobs: `xalxis msaxurebis gza ekliania, magram amdenad

Seufasebelia saqarTvelos patriarqis Rvawli sruliad saqarTvelosa da

piradad Cveni ojaxis winaSe. dRes, marTalia, fizikurad dauZlurebulni,

magram sulierad gaZlierebulni, vavedrebT ufals saqarTvelos da mis

saWeTmpyrobels sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs ilia II-s, madloba

ufals, madloba patriarqs yvelafrisaTvis! Uufalma didxans acocxlos Cveni

saTayvanebeli qarTveli eris mama, eris imedi, uwmidesi da unetaresi Cveni

patriarqi~.

137

Tavi IX. erisa da eklesiis interesebis sadarajoze

`mkacri iSviaTad var, magram, Tu es Seexeba samSoblosa da eklesiis beds,

Seuvali vxdebi. RvTisa da eris moRalates mkacri sasjeli SemiZlia

davado, amave dros, sul velodebi misgan sinanuls da, Tu moinaniebs,

mzad var yvelaferi vapatio~ _ brZanebs kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II.

mZime da sapasuxismgebloa eris sulieri winamZRoloba. adamianebis

umravlesoba garedan xedavs patriarqis saqmianobas. patriarqi locvazea,

patriarqi wiravs, taZarSi sazeimod imoseba, zogierTs ainteresebs, oqrosia

Tu ara patriarqis mitra, kverTxi... uwmidesi grZnobs amas da gvafrTxilebs:

¬`rodesac Tanamedrove istorikosebi da zogjer RvTismetyvelnic eklesiaze

weren, ufro xSirad mis garegnul mxareze amaxvileben yuradRebas an warsulis

mixedviT afaseben mis rols. eklesia gacilebiT ufro didia, vidre Cven

gvgonia~.

saqarTvelos patriarqis zeobis ocdaTvrametwliani xana, esaa xiluli

da uxilavi winaaRmdegobebis daZlevis periodi. 1977 wlis 25 dekembridan,

rodesac uwmidesma da unetaresma sveticxovelSi ganacxada, rom Segnebuli

hqonda is sapatio movaleoba, romelic daakisra wmida taZris TaRebqveS maRalma

RmerTma, patriarqs erTi dRec ar hqonia mSvidi cxovreba. sabWoTa imperiis

mesveurni cdilobdnen, eklesia xalxisgan mowyvetili yofiliyo. saTqmelad

advilia, sionis sapatriarqo taZars mrevli moawydao, magram am Ziebis procesSi

myof adamianebs mofereba, gafrTxileba da WeSmarit marTlmadideblur

RirebulebebTan ziareba sWirdebodaT. xelisuflebas aRizianebda xalxis

eklesiisaken Semobruneba. rogorc uwmidesma gaixsena, mas pirdapir uTxres,

xom ar ajobebda, mxolod didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis dros ewira sionSi.

patriarqi ar dasTanxmda am winadadebas.

sazogadoebisaTvis naklebad cnobilia 1982-1983 wlebis movlenebi,

rodesac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis winaaRmdeg

arnaxuli Seteva daiwyo. saqarTvelos partiuli xelmZRvanelobis mier

miRebuli dadgenileba `mavne tradiciebisa da wes-CveulebaTa winaaRmdeg

brZola~ faqtobrivad erovnuli da sarwmunoebrivi interesebis winaaRmdeg iyo

mimarTuli. am brZolas Seewira ramdenime maRali ierarqic.

patriarqi Cveuli sibrZniTa da SeupovrobiT nabij-nabij zrdida

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtoritets.

oficialuri xelisuflebis survili _ saqarTvelos eklesia Tavisi politikuri

interesebisaTvis gamoeyenebina _ uSedegod damTavrda.

1983 wels, moskovis miTiTebis Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi didi zeimiT unda

aReniSnaT georgievskis traqtatis 200 wlisTavi. adgilobrivma xelisuflebam

138

patriarqs mosTxova, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiac gamoxmaureboda am

mniSvnelovan TariRs. maSin uwmidesma da unetaresma miiRo gadawyvetileba,

aReniSna saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis 1500, avtokefaliis aRdgenidan 65

da Tavisi patriarqad aRsaydrebidan 5 wlisTavi. saqmeSi Cauxedavi zogierTi

pirovneba ki amtkicebda, TiTqos uwmidesida unetaresi gasuli saukunis 70-

80-ian wlebSi oficialur saero xelisuflebasTan dapirispirebas erideboda.

konfrontacia-dapirispireba ar aris patriarqis cxovrebis wesi, magram

1980 wlis dasawyisSi uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is werili, gagzavnili

saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWos maSindeli Tavmjdomarisadmi, pasuxs bevr

kiTxvaze iZleva. saqme exeba saero xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebas, saqarTvelos

eklesia-monastrebSi sakoncerto RonisZiebebis Catarebis Sesaxeb.

`CvenTvis gaugebaria, _ werda uwmidesi da unetaresi,_ ratom angariSi

ar gauwies imas, rom SiomRvimis monasteri moqmedi monasteria, am monasters

hyavs winamZRvari da aq RvTismsaxureba ar Sewyvetila; xom sakiTxavia, ra unda

qarTul monasterSi orRans?.. gadavavloT Tvali sxva taZrebis mdgomareobasac.

metexis taZarSi, sadac dakrZalulia wmida didmowame SuSaniki, axalgazrduli

Teatria, speqtaklebi da cekvebi imarTeba; biWvinTis didebul taZarSi, sadac iyo

kaTedra dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebisa, amJamad orRania da

koncertebi imarTeba; TbilisSi wmida nikolozis eklesia sakoncerto darbazadaa

qceuli; anCisxatis sapatriarqo taZarSi saxelosnoa, naZaladevisDEiveriis

RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi abanoa, wyneTis eklesiaSi _ puris sacxobi. saqarTvelos

qalaqebsa da raionebSi mravali monasteri, eklesia gadaqceulia sawyobebad,

saxalxo garTobisa da dasasvenebel adgilebad. msoflioSi Znelad moiZebneba

iseTi qveyana, sadac ase upativcemulod epyrobian uZveles siwmideebs. xom

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom es eklesia-monastrebi Cvenma winaprebma salocavad

aSenes da ara gasarTob adgilebad... Cven sinanuliT mivstiriT aTonis iverTa

monasters, ierusalimis jvris monasters im dros, rodesac saqarTveloSi

arsebul taZrebsa da monastrebs udierad veqceviT... me, rogorc sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, valdebuli var RvTisa da eris winaSe,

vTqva gulwrfeli, gulmarTali sityva am uaRresad didi da sulierad faqizi

saqmis Sesaxeb~.

1983 wlis 18 noembers qarTvel axalgazrdebs (soso wereTels, Zmeb

iverielebs, gega kobaxiZes, daviT miqaberiZes), romelTac sabWoTa sinamdvilisadmi

protestis niSnad Tbilisis aeroportidan scades TviTmfrinavis gataceba

da ucxoeTSi gaqceva, sabWoTa sasamarTlom ulmobeli ganaCeni gamoutana _

isini unda daexvritaT, maT Soris _ beTaniis monastris mRvdeli Teimuraz

CixlaZe, romelic im TviTmfrinavSi ar imyofeboda. oficialuri xelisufleba

sainformacio saSualebebis meSveobiT Seecada sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmnas

daxvretis muxlis mxardasaWerad, magram mecnierebisa da inteligenciis

139

warmomadgenlebma daiwyes xelmowerebis Segroveba axalgazrdebis dasacavad.

uwmidesma da unetaresma 1984 wlis 14 agvistos sagangebo weriliT mimarTa

saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis imJamindel Tavmjdomares:

`saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodisa da

Cemi saxeliT, mogmarTavT TxovniT Tqven da prezidiumis wevrebs, SeiwyaloT

da sicocxle SeunarCunoT maT, vinc dakavSirebulni arian TviTmfrinavis

gatacebis mcdelobasTan~; magram xelisuflebas sazogadoebis daSinebis mizniT

maTi daxvreta gadawyvetili hqonda da saswrafo wesiT aRasrula ganaCeni.

uwmidesi da unetaresi Seuvali da mtkice iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis eparqiebis aRorZinebis, axali mRvdelTavrebis kurTxevis saqmeSi da

ar iTvaliswinebda oficialuri xelisuflebis `rekomendaciebs~.

dRes siamayiT vambobT, rom 1990 wels msoflio sapatriarqom aRiara

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli avtokefalia,

magram es iolad ar momxdara. 1977-1990 wlebSi stambulsa da TbilisSi araerTi

daZabuli molaparakeba gaimarTa. msoflio sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebTan

erT-erTi Sexvedris dros berZenma mRvdelmTavrebma ganacxades, rom wmida

mirons TavianTi xarjebiT gamogzavnidnen xolme. patriarqi wamodga, misi saxe

Seuvali gaxda. _ qarTveli xalxi aseT aRiarebas ar miiRebs, istoriis winaSe

pasuxismgeblobas, rom avtokefaliuri eklesia mirons konstantinopolidan

iRebs, veravin ikisrebs, _ ganacxada man.

patriarqi daemSvidoba msoflio sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebs...

SeTanxmeba ver Sedga. berZnebi wavidnen, aeroportidan darekes msoflio

sapatriarqoSi da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

meTauris poziciis Sesaxeb moaxsenes. msoflio sapatriarqo iZulebuli gaxda

daeTmo da mieRo saqarTvelos eklesiis mier wamoyenebuli pirobebi.

XX saukunis 80-90-iani wlebidan saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv-

politikurma cxovrebam didi gamocda mouwyo rogorc mTel ers, aseve

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias. 1989 wlis 9 aprils saqarTvelo iyo

erTiani da amaRlebuli. marTalia, mTavrobis sasaxlesTan sisxli daiRvara,

magram zneobrivad amaRlebulma qarTvelma erma daamarcxa sabWoTa imperia.

verc komendantis saaTi da verc Tbilisis quCebSi mogriale tankebi veRar

SeaCerebdnen qarTveli xalxis swrafvas Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaken.

samwuxarod, qarTvelTa es erToba didxans ar gagrZelebula. Tavi iCina

piradma ambiciebma, Seqmnili viTarebis realurad Seufaseblobis tendenciebma,

gaCnda uamravi politikuri partia Tavisi liderebiT, droSebiTa da himnebiT.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia aris ara calkeuli

partiebisa da pirovnebebis interesebis gamomxatveli, aramed igi unda darCes

qarTveli xalxis sulieri erTianobis simbolod, rom eklesia arasodes unda

Caerios wvrilman partiul dapirispirebaSi.

140

miuxedavad imisa, rom uwmidesisa da unetaresis am mkafio, marTalma

poziciam politikuri partiis bevri lideris gaRizianeba gamoiwvia, drom

daamtkica misi marTebuloba. ilia II-m araerTxel mouwoda politikur partiaTa

liderebs urTierTpativiscemisa da Serigebisaken, igi mzad iyo, rom eriskacTa

Soris molaparakebebi sapatriarqos SenobaSi Semdgariyo. magram, samwuxarod,

saqarTvelo 1991-1992 wlebSi SidadapirispirebaTa da gare Zalebis meSveobiT

samoqalaqo omis qar-cecxlSi gaexvia. ̀ ZmaTa sisxlisRvriT gamowveuli tkivili

bolomde gacnobierebuli ar aris, _ aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba, _ tragedia

moxda, magram Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamosasvlel swor gzas ver vipoviT, Tu

movlenebs miukerZoeblad ar gavaanalizebT da yvelasTvis samwuxaro Sedegis

mizezebs ar aRmovfxvriT... eri daiyo qalaqebsa da soflebSi, samsaxurebSi,

ojaxebSi... mosaxleobis nawilis gaRizianeba gamovlinda eklesiis mimarTac.

imis nacvlad, rom eklesia TviTon daecvaT politikisagan da am mZime Jams eris

erTobis, mSvidobisa da keTildReobisaTvis aRevlinaT gulmxurvale locva

RvTisadmi, mas dapirispirebul mxareTa Soris arCevanis gakeTeba mosTxoves.

gana SeiZleba eklesia dadges politikis gamo orad gaxleCili eris romelime

mxares da Tavisi mxardaWeriT misces moraluri ufleba eris erT nawils meoris

gasanadgureblad?~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi mtkice, Seuvali da principuli iyo ruseTis

reaqciuli Zalebis mier afxazeTsa da Sida qarTlSi inspirirebuli

konfliqtebis SefasebaSi. im dros, rodesac saero xelisufleba iaraRis ZaliT

daamxes, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia iyo erTaderTi,

vinc qarTveli eris sulier da politikur interesebs gamoxatavda. patriarqma

sagangebo weriliT mimarTa gaeros generalur mdivans, msoflio patriarqs,

ruseTis prezidents, ruseTis patriarqs. man daufaravad mianiSna ruseTis

agresiaze axalgazrda, damoukidebeli qveynis mimarT da, rogorc 1922 wels

_ uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim, mouwoda msoflio Tanamegobrobas,

daxmarebodnen saqarTvelos. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m saqarTveloSi XX

saukunis 90-ian wlebSi datrialebuli movlenebiT SeZrwunebul Tanamemamuleebs

am sityvebiT mimarTa: `Cvens swrafad cvalebad da urTierTdapirispirebul

droSi kidev ufro kargad gamoCnda, rom eklesia aris is erTaderTi gadamrCeneli

xomaldi, romelsac Seswevs Zala, gadalaxos cxovrebis gzis aboboqrebuli

talRebi da napirze mSvidobiT migviyvanos~.

patriarqma 1993-2015 wlebSi kvlav imogzaura saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi,

Sexvda mosaxleobas, adgilobriv inteligencias, sasuliero pirebs da mouwoda

maT, rom arc erTi politikuri gaerTianeba, ragind mimzidveli programac

unda hqonoda, ar daeyenebinaT qarTveli eris erTianobis interesebze maRla,

rom is gamocda, romlis winaSec ufalma qarTveli xalxi daayena, dafiqrebisa

da sulieri amaRlebis safuZveli unda gamxdariyo...

141

XX saukunis miwuruls saqarTveloSi mravlad arsebuli arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis nawilma aSkarad, daufaravad gailaSqra saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiis winaaRmdeg. am organizaciaTa

mravalricxovan Jurnal-gazeTebSi ibeWdeboda publikaciebi, romelTa

avtorebic amtkicebdnen, rom saqarTvelos evropul sivrceSi integracias

aferxebda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, romelic,

maTi azriT, Suasaukunoebrivi tradiciebis damcveli iyo. am organizaciebma

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis gaTanamedroveobis

mravali proeqti Seadgines, eklesiis SigniT dasayrdenis mopoveba scades,

daiwyes erovnuli Rirebulebebis gamocxadeba CamorCenil azrovnebad. isini

Cveni cxovrebis yvela sferos liberalizacias moiTxovdnen. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis pasuxi am gamowvevebze kargad

Cans uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is saaxalwlo, saaRdgomo da saSobao

epistoleebSi, sakvirao qadagebebSi. vinc guldasmiT gaecnoba maT, dainaxavs

1990-2015 wlebis saqarTvelos politikuri, kulturuli da sulieri cxovrebis

obieqtur suraTs. ̀ zogierTs iqneb hgonia, rom mociqulTa da wmida mamaTa mier

dadgenili qristianuli Rirebulebani drois Sesabamisad unda icvlebodes.

aseTi adamianebi sulierebaSi saerTod ver erkvevian da sarwmunoebas

mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis msgavsad ganixilaven. maT ar esmiT, rom

marTlmadidebloba es aris qristes eklesia dedamiwaze, qristes eklesia ki

aris suliwmidis madliT ganaxlebuli sicocxle qristesTan da qristeSi~` _

werda misi uwmidesoba.

2004 wlis 23 noembers, giorgobis wmida dResaswaulze, saocari sanaxavi iyo

saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

yvela moqmedi eparqiidan aTasobiT morwmune, eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebisa

da samRvdeloebis TanxlebiT, wmida xatebiTa da saeklesio droSebiT elias

mTaze wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris gaxsnaze miiCqaroda. mravalricxovani

morwmuneni iyvnen mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis eklesiebidanac. samebis sakaTedro

taZris ezosa da SemogarenSi asi aTasamde adamiani Seikriba. es iyo saukeTeso

pasuxi eklesiis arakeTilmosurneTa mimarT.

XX saukunis bolosa da XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelosaTvis

aqtualuria sakiTxi, rogor ipovos Tavisi adgili msoflio TanamegobrobaSi.

uwmidesi da unetaresi afrTxilebs sazogadoebis im nawils, romelsac uyvars

sakuTaris uaryofis xarjze sxvisi mibaZva: `postimperiul sazogadoebaSi xSir

SemTxvevaSi uCndebaT arasrulfasovnebis gancda, rac maT damoukideblobis

mopovebis nacvlad xSirad axali `keTili¬ batonis~ Ziebisaken ubiZgebs. amas

SeiZleba pirobiTad provincializmi vuwodoT, roca arasrulfasovnebis

gancdis gamo xdeba upirobo aRiareba sxvisi primatisa, maqsimaluri damsgavseba

da monuri ltolva misadmi, sakuTari faseulobebis ugulebelyofis xarjze~.

142

samwuxaroa, magram am saSiSroebis winaSe realurad aRmoCnda qarTveli

sazogadoeba. patriarqi Riad acxadebs: `Tu pirovnebas, xalxs, saxelmwifos

ara aqvs swori religiuri da erovnuli ideologia, liberalizmi aucileblad

mtrebis sasargeblod imuSavebs da Sinaganad daangrevs qveyanas. is ubiZgebs

sazogadoebas fsevdodemokratiisa da cru Tavisuflebisaken, gaaufasurebs

erovnul Rirebulebebs, daarRvevs formasa da Sinaarss sazogadoebrivi

cxovrebisas~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi gvafrTxilebs: `rogorc adamianisaTvis miwieri

survilebiT gataceba aris didi codva da uazroba, aseve uazrobaa saxelmwifo

interesebis Semofargvla marto yofiTi problemebiTa da miwieri sakiTxebiT.

Tu xelisuflebas surs, ar Caeflos amaoebis WaobSi da ar unda, sazogadoebis

wevrebi gawiros umizno yofisaTvis, mas yovelTvis da yovel saqmeSi caTa

sasufeveli unda hqondes da yvelgan da yvelaferSi qristianuli cxovrebis

wesis damkvidrebas unda cdilobdes. aseTi saxelmwifoa sicocxlisunariani,

suliT Zlieri da gautexeli. aucilebelia, rom saqarTvelom, rogorc Zvelma

qristianulma saxelmwifom, ixelmZRvanelos qristianuli eTikiT da aSenos

erovnuli saxelmwifo Cvens tradiciebsa da marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebaze

dayrdnobiT~.

erovnuli saxelmwifos aSeneba, erovnulobis, qristianuli cxovrebis

wesis damkvidrdeba garegnul efeqtebs gamodevnebiT SeuZlebelia. yvelafer

amas didi nebisyofa da sulieri simaRle sWirdeba. sazogadoebis arcerTi

wevri Tavs damcirebulad, usasood ar unda grZnobdes. uwmidesi da unetaresi

brZanebs: ìmis saSiSroebac aSkaraa, rom Cveni mTavari yuradReba mipyrobilia

teqnikuri, ekonomikuri da finansuri efeqtebis miRwevaze, urTierTobis

zneobrivi mxare ki sruliad daviwyebulia, ufro metad, lamis iZulebiT xdeba

zneobriobis gadagvareba, es ki sulieri da fizikuri ganadgurebis realur

safrTxes qmnis. RmerTi namdvilad ar gvapatiebs TavaSvebuli cxovrebis wesis

damkvidrebas da es yvelam unda gaiTavisos~. im adamianTa sayuradRebod, visac

saqarTvelos eklesiis daSla-danawevreba surT, patriarqi acxadebs, rom

eklesia Seuvalia da amaoa maTi imedebi, vinc amaze ocnebobs.

erovnul- saxelmwifoebrivi da saeklesio interesebi eris sulieri

winamZRolis did sifxizlesa da yuradRebas moiTxovs. uwmidesi da unetaresi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi brZeni winamZRolia. yvela

qarTvelma unda daimaxsovros misi sityvebi: `me vafrTxileb Cvens xalxs,

Cvens morwmuneT: iyaviT dakvirvebulni da yuradRebianebi, nu dakargavT

WeSmaritebas, nu dakargavT Cvens sarwmunoebas, Cvens erovnul Rirebulebebs.

miwier sacdurze nu gavcvliT maradiul cxovrebas, Torem mere gvin iqneba~.

saqarTvelo mravalsaukunovani qveyanaa. saukuneTa manZilze qarTvelebis

gverdiT cxovrobdnen azerbaijanlebi, somxebi, rusebi, afxazebi, osebi,

143

asirielebi, ukrainelebi. Cven istoriaSi ar yofila SemTxveva erovnuli da

sarwmunoebrivi niSniT maTi Seviwroebisa. Tbilissa da saqarTvelos sxva

qalaqebSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis garda iyo maTi salocavebi. uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II qarTuli erovnuli tradiciis Rirseuli gamgrZelebelia,

saSobao da saaRdgomo epistoleebSi yovelTvis xazgasmiT ulocavs am

did dResaswaulebs saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxva erebis warmomadgenlebs,

sapatriarqoSi xvdeba maT, interesdeba maTi problemebiT da exmareba maT

gadawyvetaSi. eris sulieri winamZRolis yuradRebis miRma ar rCeba arcerTi

sakiTxi. magaliTisTvis moviyvanT aseT faqts: istoriuli albanelebis

STamomavlebi udinebi cxovrobdnen azerbaijansa da saqarTvelos or sofelSi,

sul 1000-mde adamiani. aqedan saqarTveloSi, yvarlis raion sofel zinobianSi _

500-mde. patriarqi zrunavs imisaTvis, rom aq mcxovrebma udinebma SeinarCunon

TavianTi ena, tradiciebi; uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT sofelSi Sendeba eklesia,

ewyoba folkloruli saRamoebi.

2011 wels uwmidesma da unetaresma sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi umaspinZla

msoflio iezidTa mTavars, princ mir Tahsin begs da msoflio iezidTa sulier

moZRvars, Seix axtire margahecs. stumrebma didi madloba moaxsenes mis

uwmidesobas, da unetaresobas saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi iezidebisaTvis gaweuli

daxmarebisa da yuradRebisaTvis.

aseTi magaliTebi kidev mravlad SeiZleba gavixsenoT. samwuxarod, XXI

saukunis dasawyisSi gamoCndnen mTeli rigi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi,

romelTac daiwyes mizanmimarTuli kampania saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis winaaRmdeg, rom TiTqos saqarTveloSi aramarTlmadidebeli

konfensiebi Seviwroebulni arian saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

mier. am jgufebma mkacrad gaakritikes 2002 wels saxelmwifosa da eklesias

Soris gaformebuli konstituciuri SeTanxmeba (konkordati) da moiTxoves

misi gauqmeba an sxva religiuri mimdinareobebisaTvisac analogiuri kanonis

miReba. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasa da saxelmwifos

Soris gasaformebeli dokumentis ganxilva TiTqmis ori wlis manZilze

mimdinareobda. ganxilvaSi monawileobdnen ara marto parlamentis wevrebi,

aramed saqarTveloSi moqmedi religiur mimdinareobaTa warmomadgenlebi

orwliani debatebis Semdeg Sejerebul variants moewera xeli 2002 wlis 14

oqtombers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi.

144

Tavi X. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociquloeklesiis sapatriarqos samsaxurebi


aRdgenis Semdeg, 1917 wlis eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis

Tanaxmad, Seiqmna sakaTolikoso sabWo, romelic kaTolikos-patriarqis

TavmjdomareobiT yovelkvireul sxdomebze ixilavda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saWirboroto sakiTxebs.

sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebi (sul 11 kaci) iyvnen rogorc sasuliero,

ise saero pirebi. sakaTolikoso sabWos garda muSaobda sakaTolikoso

sasamarTlo, romelsac, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

TavmjdomareobiTa da saero da saeklesio samarTlis cnobili

specialistebis monawileobiT, gamohqonda gadawyvetilebani. sapatriarqoSi

iyo sakaTolikoso kancelaria, Jurnal `sveticxovlis~¬ redaqcia.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos samsaxurebis saqmianoba 1921 wlis Semdeg

SeizRuda. 1923 wels saokupacio xelisuflebam saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

samociqulo eklesias oficialurad CamoarTva sapatriarqo rezidencia.

am dros saqarTvelos eklesias aseve CamorTmeuli hqonda iuridiuli piris

statusi. 1927 wlidan gauqmda sakaTolikoso sabWo, ufro adre _ sakaTolikoso

sasamarTlo. sapatriarqoSi Seiqmna patriarqis sameurneo-safinanso TanaSemwis

_ qorepiskoposis _ samsaxuri. sakaTolikoso sabWo Secvala sasinodo plenumma,

romelic 1932 wlidan kaTolikosis „Tanai sinodad~ gardaiqmna, XX saukunis

40-iani wlebidan ki mas wmida sinodi ewoda. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi aRar

funqcionirebda arcerTi samsaxuri. xelisuflebam moaxerxa eklesiis izolireba

sazogadoebisagan. sapatriarqo darCa kaTolikos-patriarqis, misi TanaSemwisa

da qorepiskoposis amara. XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi efrem II gulistkiviliT

aRniSnavda, rom saxelmwifo-safinanso struqturebis sagadasaxado politikis

wyalobiT yvela samsaxuri upatronod darCa da ise Cans, saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos likvidaciamde erTi nabijiRa darCao.

1977 wels, rodesac saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II gaxda,

man miznad daisaxa saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

sapatriarqo struqturebis Seqmna, romlebic dakompleqtebuli iqneboda

morwmune da profesionali adamianebiT. 1979 wels sapatriarqoSi funqconirebda:

1. sagareo saqmeTa sammarTvelo, 2. saSinao saqmeTa sammarTvelo, 3. saredaqcio-

sagamomcemlo sammarTvelo, 4. saeklesio nagebobaTa, arqiteqturul-saremonto

da bunebis dacvis ganyofilebebi.

kaTolikos-patriarqi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda sapatriarqos

sagareo ganyofilebas. am ganyofilebas mWidro kavSiri unda hqonoda qarTvel

145

mecnierebTan, unda moegvarebina msoflios marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis

meTaurTa saqarTveloSi vizitebis detalebi, Seedgina kaTolikos-patriarqis

ucxoeTSi vizitis samuSao grafiki. 1977-2015 wlebSi sapatriarqos sagareo

ganyofilebas xelmZRvanelobdnen: mitropoliti nikolozi (maxaraZe),

mitropoliti daviTi (Wkadua), mitropoliti daviTi (maxaraZe), mitropoliti

abraami (garmelia). amJamad ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelia mitropoliti gerasime

(SaraSeniZe).

XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos saxeliT

yovelwliurad ibeWdeboda mxolod saeklesio kalendari, magram, uwmidesisa da

unetaresis RvawliT, SesaZlebeli gaxda saeklesio Jurnalis, saRvTismsaxuro

da saeklesio wignebis Zveli qarTuli xelnawerebis mixedviT momzadeba da

gamocema, sxvadasxva enidan aucilebeli sasuliero literaturis Targmna.

yovelive es did muSaobas moiTxovda. uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT, sapatriarqoSi

funqcionirebs sagamomcemlo ganyofileba, sapatriarqos egidiT ibeWdeba

mravalferovani sasuliero literatura dogmatikis, saeklesio kanonikis,

RvTismetyvelebis, saeklesio samarTlis sakiTxebze.

XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis miwuruls, ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT,

sasuliero pirTa da mecnierTa jgufma Seadgina wmida ninos saqarTveloSi

Semosvlis marSruti faravnis tbidan mcxeTamde. am marSrutiT momlocvelebma

daiwyes mogzauroba. isini sasuliero pirebTan erTad xvdebian ninowmidis,

axalqalaqis, axalcixis, borjomis, xaSuris, qarelis, goris, kaspis, mcxeTis

raionebis mosaxleobas, esaubrebian saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

istoriaze, wmida ninos mociqulebriv Rvawlze. maTi meSveobiT mravali adamiani

moinaTla, daubrunda dedaeklesias. uwmidesi da unetaresi momlocvelebs

sveticxovelSi xvdeba 1 ivniss da maT samaxsovro saCuqrebiT ajildoebs.

momlocvelebi aseve mogzauroben wmida andria pirvelwodebulis gzaze

didaWaridan awyuramde. sapatriarqos misiisa da evangelizaciis ganyofileba,

romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti danieli (daTuaSvili), koordinacias

uwevs maT saqmianobas. uwmidesis locva-kurTxeviT sapatriarqoSi Seqmnili

momlocvelobis samsaxuri awyobs qarTvel morwmuneTa organizebul gasvlebs

sazRvargareTis CvenSi arsebul siwmideTa mosalocad.

1987-2015 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

mier wmindanad Seiracxa araerTi gamoCenili saeklesio da saero moRvawe.

wmindanad ama Tu im pirovnebis Seracxvas win didi samuSaoebi uZRvis.

wyaroebis, literaturis, saeklesio kanonikis Sejerebis safuZvelze Tavidan

iwereba misi biografia, romelSic mkafiod unda Candes pirovnebis damsaxureba

eklesiisa da eris winaSe, misi sulieri cxovrebis detalebi. yovelive amas

warmatebiT asrulebs sapatriarqos wmindanTa kanonizaciis komisia, romelsac

xelmZRvanelobs mitropoliti danieli (daTuaSvili).

146

jer kidev 1970-ian wlebSi istoriul da kulturul memkvidreobaTa dacvis

mizniT saqarTveloSi funqcionirebda ZeglTa dacvis komiteti, romelsac

xelmZRvanelobda profesori irakli ciciSvili. am komitetma araerTi

monastris restavracia SeZlo, magram oficialuri xelisuflebisaTvis eklesia-

monastrebs mxolod kulturuli memkvidreobis mniSvneloba hqonda da xSir

SemTxvevaSi ewinaaRmdegeboda aRdgenil eklesia-monastrebSi RvTismsaxurebis

aRdgenas. gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis

sapatriarqosaTvis dabrunebis rTuli procesi, Seudgnen axali eklesiebis

mSeneblobas. Seqmnili viTareba moiTxovda sapatriarqosTan xuroTmoZRvrebis,

xelovnebisa da restavraciis centris Seqmnas, romelic saeklesio kanonikis

dacviT warmarTavda am process. uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT,

centris xelmZRvanelad dainiSna mitropoliti daviTi (maxaraZe). jer kidev

1957 wels patriarq melqisedek III-isadmi gamogzavnil werilSi zagorskis

sasuliero akademiis I kursis studenti ilia SiolaSvili fiqrobda xalxSi

gabneuli saeklesio siwmideebis Segrovebisa da saeklesio muzeumis Seqmnis

aucileoblobaze. ilia II-m sapatriarqoSi Seqmna siwmideebis moZiebisa da dacvis

ganyofileba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda mitropoliti elise (joxaZe).

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas aniWebs mravalsaukunovani qarTuli saeklesio galobis Seswavlis,

dacvisa da RvTismsaxurebis dros misi gamoyenebis sakiTxebs. 1977 wlidan

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiaSi aRdga qarTuli tradiciuli galoba.

uwmidesi da unetaresi araerTi qarTuli sagaloblis avtoria. sapatriarqoSi

funqcionirebs samgaloblo centri, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs axalcixis, tao-

klarjeTis mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe). bolo xans saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis sasuliero da saero pirTa erTma jgufma scada berZnul erTxmian

samgaloblo melodiebze agebuli qarTuli galobis Semotana. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodma amgvari eqperimenti

miuReblad miiCnia. uwmidesma da unetaresma amasTan dakavSirebiT mkafiod

Camoayaliba Tavisi pozicia da ganacxada, rom es aris Seuracxyofa qarTuli

galobisa da qarTuli tradiciebisa, mamebisa da Cveni warsulisa.uwmidesma d

unetaresma 2003 wlis 14 Tebervals berZen musikaTmcodne grigorius staTisTan

Sexvedraze aRniSna: `vfiqrob, rom berZnuli musikis qarTul sityvebze galoba

cota uxerxulia. Cven did pativs vcemT saerTod bizantiur musikas, magram

yvela ers Tavisi galoba da Tavisi tradiciebi aqvs~.

mravalxmiani unikaluri qarTuli galobis SenarCuneba da ganviTareba

uwmidesisa da unetaresis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli.

sapatriarqoSi funqcionirebs agraruli departamenti (xelmZRvaneli bakur

gulua). sapatriarqoSi funqcionirebs agreTve agrosamrewvelo departamenti,

romelsac arqimandriti miqael gabriWiZe xelmZRvanelobs. sapatriarqos

147

aRniSnul samsaxurebs mWidro urTierToba aqvT garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi

resursebis saministrosTan. eklesia zrunavs saqarTvelos unikaluri florisa

da faunis dasacavad.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos SeiaraRebul ZalebTan da samarTaldamcav

dawesebulebebTan urTierTobis ganyofileba (xelmZRvaneli dekanozi daviT

londariZe) koordinacias uwevs SeiaraRebul ZalebSi saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesiis sulieri Svilebis qristianul cxovrebas, SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

dislokaciis adgilebSi sasuliero pirTa saqmianobas. msjavrdebulebTan

urTierTobis ganyofileba, dekanoz giorgi TevdoraSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT,

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi msjavrdebulebTan agzavnis sasuliero

pirebs aRsarebisa da ziarebis mosurneTa sulieri moTxovnilebebis

dasakmayofileblad. uwmidesi da unetaresi TviTonac sistematurad dabrZandeba

sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi, xvdeba msjavrdebulebs. mas miaCnia, rom

sasjelaRsrulebis adgilebSi iseTi pirobebi unda iyos, rom msjavrdebuls

saSualeba mieces, daufiqrdes Cadenil danaSauls, moinanios da gamosworebaze

ifiqros. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Tvlis, rom am bolo dros farTod

gavrcelebuli daavadeba _ narkomania _ adamianSi cxovrebis siZneleebis

SiSiTa da amqveyniuri problemebisagan ganridebis surviliT aris gamowveuli.

patriarqis iniciativiT, sapatriarqoSi araerTi Sexvedra gaimarTa narkomaniis

winaaRmdeg brZolis problemebze.

sapatriarqoSi funqcionirebs safinanso-ekonomikuri sabWo, romelsac

xelmZRvanelobs episkoposi iakobi (iakobiSvili), wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis

saxelobis ganaTlebis centri (xelmZRvaneli mitropoliti ioane gamrekeli),

axalgazrdobis sulieri da inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis centri (xelmZRvaneli

mitropoliti stefane kalairjiSvili), saRvTismsaxuro wignebis redaqtirebis

komisia (xelmZRvaneli mitropoliti iob aqiaSvili), gamwvanebisa da ekologiis

departamenti (xelmZRvaneli arqimandriti daviT WinWarauli), agrosamrewvelo

departamenti (xelmZRvaneli kaxaber maxaTaZe), janmrTelobis departamenti

(xelmZRvaneli arqimandriti adam axalaZe), socialuri uzrunvelyofis

departamenti (xelmZRvaneli zurab varazi), xalxuri rewvis ganyofileba

(xelmZRvaneli eliso arabuli), saqarTvelos sapatriarqos televizia

èrTsulovneba~ (xelmZRvaneli mitropoliti petre caava), saqarTvelos

sapatriarqos radio ìveria~ (xelmZRvaneli arqimandriti ilia nasiZe),

msjavrdebulTa Sewyalebis sakiTxTa Semswavleli komisia (xelmZRvaneli mzeqala

qarselaZe), axalgazrduli centri `Zlevai~ da `daviTiani~ (xelmZRvanelebi

kote svaniZe, giorgi miqanaZe), sapatriarqos arqivi (direqtori mzia kacaZe).

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposebi arian:

mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe), mitropoliti Sio (mujiri), episkoposi iakobi

(iakobiSvili), sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivania dekanozi

148

miqael botkoveli, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivan-

referentia Sorena TeTruaSvili, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos prescentris

xelmZRvanelia dekanozi daviT SaraSeniZe, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis kancelariis ufrosia ioane gogua.

149

Tavi XI. patriarqi

uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs

ilia II-s Tavisi sasuliero moRvaweobis naxevarsaukunovan istoriaSi

saintereso Sexvedrebi hqonda msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis politikur

moRvaweebTan, religiur liderebTan. 1977 wels saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare, cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia

deliSi Sexvda indoeTis respublikis prezidents _ Sri faxrudan ali

axmeds da premier-ministrs _ indira gandis. am Sexvedraze indoeTis

xelmZRvanelobam pirvelad miiRo vrceli informacia sabWoTa kavSirSi

Semavali erT-erTi respublikis _ saqarTvelos, misi istoriis, kulturisa

da religiuri aRmsareblobis Sesaxeb.

1988 wlis aprilSi saqarTveloSi stumrad myofma amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis saxelmwifo mdivanma jorj Sulcma survili gamoTqva, Sexvedroda

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs. sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi

uwmindesi da unetaresi gulTbilad miesalma sapatio stumars, ganumarta

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis roli da mniSvneloba. Tavis mxriv, amerikis

saxelmwifo mdivanma ganacxada: ìs miznobrivi roli, romelic saqarTvelos

eklesiam Seasrula qarTuli kulturis, enisa da sulis amaRlebasa da

ganmtkicebaSi, namdvilad STambeWdavia~.

kaTolikos-patriarqi 1991 wels TbilisSi Sexvda da esaubra amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis eqsprezidents riCard niqsons, 1995 wels Sexvda

rumineTis prezidents ion ilieskus, 1996 wels _ germaniis federaciuli

respublikis prezidents roman hercogs. misi uwmidesoba 1993 wels TbilisSi

Sexvda ruseTis federaciis prezidents boris elcins, xolo 2005 wels moskovSi

_ prezident vladimer putins. ruseTis xelmZRvanelebTan Sexvedrebis dros

patriarqi xazgasmiT aRniSnavda, rom ruseT-saqarTvelos saxelmwifoTa Soris

urTierToba urTierTpativiscemasa da teritoriuli mTlianobis upirobo

aRiarebas unda emyarebodes. 1995 wels pirvelma mRvdelmTavarma Tavis

rezidenciaSi umaspinZla ukrainis prezident leonid kuCmas, xolo 2006 wels

_ prezident viqtor iuSCenkos. uwmidesi da unetaresi araerTxel Sexvedria

azerbaijanis respublikis prezidentebs: heidar da ilxam alievebs.

1995 wels gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis Sexvedra saberZneTis mefe

konstantinesTan. patriarqma am Sexvedras istoriuli uwoda: `TiTqos aRdga

1000 wlis winandeli tradicia, roca bizantiis imperatorebi ewveodnen

xolme saqarTvelos da Cveni mefeebi Cadiodnen saberZneTSi. Tqvens vizitSi

Cven vxedavT niSans RvTis didi gangebisa da amitomac fsalmunis sityvebiT

vambobT: ̀ ese ars dRe, romel qmna ufalman, vixarebdeT da viSuebdeT amas Sina~.

Tqvenma CamobrZanebam saqarTvelos miwaze warsul saukuneTa sunTqva moitana

150

da gagvaxsena Cveni qveynebis urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi erevansa da TbilisSi araerTxel Sexvda somxeTis

parlamentis spikers Kkaren demirWians, somxeTis respublikis prezidentebs:

leon ter-petrosians, robert qoCariansa da serJ sarqisians. am Sexvedrebze

ganxiluli iyo qarTul-somxuri urTierTobis sakiTxebi.

patriarqi 2000 wlis dekemberSi, wmida miwaze qristeSobis dResaswaulis

aRniSvnis dros, Sexvda palestinis ganTavisuflebis organizaciis Tavmjdomares

iasir arafats. 2001 wels iranis islamuri respublikis prezident muhamed

haTamTan Sexvedrisas patriarqma aRniSna: `saqarTvelo-iranis urTierTobis

fesvebi Zveli welTaRricxvis Soreuli warsulidan iwyeba. im uZvelesi droidan

XIX saukunemde ar damcxrala dapirispireba Cvens qveynebs Soris. irani iyo

saxelmwifo, romelsac yovelTvis surda, Tavis mflobelobaSi hqonoda Cveni

miwa-wyali da am miznis misaRwevad mkveTr nabijebs dgamda. miuxedavad uricxvi

Semosevisa, qarTveli xalxi bolomde ar gamtydara da mravalgzis darbeuli

da ganadgurebuli, Semdeg ki feniqsiviT aRmdgari, kvlav iwyebda brZolas

damoukideblobisaTvis~. uwmidesma da unetaresma gamoTqva rwmena, rom XXI

saukuneSi or gansxvavebuli politikuri da religiuri sistemis qveyanas Soris

SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda urTierTTanamSromloba da urTierTpativiscema.

2001 wels kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II axali iustinianesa da sruliad

kviprosis mTavarepiskopos qrizostomosis miwveviT imyofeboda kviprosSi da

Sexvda kviprosis respublikis prezidents. Uuwmidesi da unetaresi qarTveli

xalxis saxeliT miesalma mas da brZana: `Cven didi siyvaruliT CamovediT

Tqvens brwyinvale qveyanaSi da gvaqvs survili, gavagrZeloT saukuneTa

manZilze arsebuli Zmuri urTierToba. Kkviprosis siwmideebsa da eklesia-

monastrebs did pativs miagebdnen Cveni mefeebi da didebulebi, amitomac

xSirad exmarebodnen. amasTan, aq qarTvelebic mravlad cxovrobdnen. maT

kolonia hqondaT niqoziaSi, ramdenime monasteri _ alamanis raionSi, maT

Soris _ Ralias, igive Jalias eklesia, romelic ganamSvena da Seamko Tamar

mefem. ori qveynis istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia kikos monasters.

aq dResac daculia didebulTagan Sewiruli saeklesio nivTebi, maT Soris _

erekle mefiseuli cnobili dafarna, romelic saxes ufaravda yovladwmida

RvTismSoblis luka maxarebliseul xats~.

Uuwmidessa da unetaress Sexvedrebi hqonda safrangeTis ekonomikisa da

finansebis ministr fransua Jiskar de stenTan, germaniis sagareo saqmeTa ministr

klarus kinkelTan, evrogaerTianebis komisar torben xoliosTan, saqarTveloSi

akreditebul ucxoeTis saxelmwifoTa elCebTan. am Sexvedrebis dros ilia II

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi da erovnuli mniSvnelobis problemebs ixilavda.

saqarTvelos patriarqis daxvewil diplomatias, movlenebis swor xedvas masTan

Sexvedris dasrulebisTanave erTxmad aRniSnavdnen xolme stumrebi.

151

patriarqobis ocdaTvrameti wlis manZilze ilia II-s saqmiani urTierToba

hqonda saqarTvelos mmarTvel politelitasTan. gasuli saukunis 70-80-ian

wlebSi saqarTvelo, rogorc sabWoTa imperiis erT-erTi mokavSire respublika,

moskovis mier daniSnuli adgilobrivi kompartiis centraluri komitetis

pirveli mdivnebis meSveobiT imarTeboda. 1972-1985 wlebSi saqarTvelos

kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivani iyo eduard SevardnaZe.

im dros saqarTvelos politikur xelmZRvanelobas qveyanaSi sayovelTao

aTeizmis damkvidreba hqonda dasaxuli mizanad. bunebrivia, aseT viTarebaSi

axladarCeul patriarqsa da saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis

pirvel mdivans Soris urTierToba sakmaod rTuli iqneboda. e. SevardnaZe

ise gadaiyvanes moskovSi, sabWoTa kavSiris sagareo saqmeTa ministrad, rom

erTxelac ar Sexvedria sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs.

1978 wlis oqtomberSi z. faliaSvilis saxelobis operisa da baletis

saxelmwifo akademiur TeatrSi Catarda wmida SuSanikis wamebis daweridan 1500

wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo sxdoma. sxdomis prezidiumSi miwveul iyvnen

partiisa da sabWoTa organoebis maSindeli xelmZRvanelebi, mecnierebi. sxdomas

eswreboda uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

ilia II. es iyo misi epizoduri Sexvedra e. SevardnaZesTan. 1986 wels moskovis

aeroportSi e. SevardnaZe SemTxveviT Sexvda ilia II-s, xeli CamoarTva da am

sityvebiT mimarTa: `me vamayob TqveniT~. Tavis mxriv, uwmidesma da unetaresma

warmateba usurva mas da Seaxsena, sakuTari samSoblo arasodes dagaviwydeso.

1985-1989 wlebSi saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis

pirveli mdivani iyo jumber patiaSvili. drois es monakveTi sabWoTa kavSirSi

`perestroikis~ anu gardaqmnebisa da reformebis xanadaa cnobili. Zirgamompali

sabWoTa sistemis gadarCenis mcdelobas warmoadgenda XX saukunis 20-70-ian

wlebSi komunisturi partiis mier Cadenil danaSaulTa monaniebis, Tavisufali,

demokratiuli azrovnebis damkvidrebisaken gadadgmuli nabijebi.oficialurma

xelisuflebam aRiara eklesiasTan mimarTebaSi daSvebuli Secdomebi da sindisis

Tavisuflebis deklarirebuli aRiarebidan mis praqtikul ganxorcielebas

Seudga. gamartivda administraciuli wesiT daxuruli eklesiebis oficialuri

registracia da amoqmedeba. aseT viTarebaSi sapatriarqosa da saero

xelisuflebas Soris TanamSromloba konstruqciuli gaxda. xelisuflebam

neba darTo saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias, gaexsna Tbilisis sasuliero

akademia, xolo ramdenime xnis Semdeg, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daubrunda is

istoriuli Senoba, romelic 1923 wels bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam

eklesias CamoarTva.

1990 wlis oqtomberSi saqarTveloSi Catarebuli pirveli mravalpartiuli

arCevnebis Semdeg daemxo komunisturi mmarTveloba da xelisuflebis saTaveSi

erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis aRiarebuli winamZRoli zviad

152

gamsaxurdia movida. zviad gamsaxurdia morwmune pirovneba iyo. igi jer

kidev 1972 wels uWerda mxars sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

taxtze cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ilias kandidaturas da mas saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi yvelaze gamorCeul, naTel pirovnebad

miiCnevda.

1979 wlis 19 agvistos zviad gamsaxurdiam aseTi Sinaarsis werili gaugzavna

patriarqs: ̀ uwmideso da unetareso! dRes, rodesac aRsrulda qarTveli xalxis

sanukvari ocneba da Tqven moevlineT mamamTavrad iveriis wmida samociqulo

eklesias, yoveli qarTvelis uwmidesi movaleobaa, amogidgeT mxarSi da Tavisi

Tundac mcire wvlili Seitanos Cveni eklesiis aRorZinebis did saqmeSi.

WeSmaritad didi da sasixarulo cvlilebebia Cvens saeklesio cxovrebaSi,

Tqveni madliani xeli daetyo yovelives, WeSmaritad ar yofila ganwiruli wmida

iveria, magram, amave dros, unda aRiniSnos, rom warsulis zogierTi mankiereba

jerac ar aRmofxvrila da bevri ram moiTxovs yuradRebas~.

zviad gamsaxurdia 1979-1989 wlebSi, rogorc sionis sapatriarqo taZris

mrevli monawileobda RvTismsaxurebaSi, administraciuli wesiT daxuruli

eklesiebis amoqmedebas cdilobda da TanamebrZolebTan erTad yvelafers

akeTebda daviT garejis samonastro kompleqsis gadarCenisTvis. zemoTqmulidan

gamomdinare, igi aqtiurad TanamSromlobda saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan.

1990 wlis 14 noembers patriarqi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sabWos sesias

daeswro, daloca sesiis monawileebi, zviad gamsaxurdias uzenaesi sabWos

Tavmjdomared arCeva miuloca da warmatebebi usurva. saqarTvelos samociqulo

eklesia erovnuli mTavrobis gverdiT idga da cdilobda, erovnuli Tanxmobis

SenarCunebas, romlis gareSec axalgazrda demokratiul qveyanas sabWoTa

imperiis marwuxebidan Tavis daRweva gauWirdeboda.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia miesalma saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis aRdgenas 1991 wlis 9 aprils, man zviad gamsaxurdias

saqarTvelos prezidentad arCeva miuloca. uwmidesi da unetaresi Tvlida,

rom eklesia pirdapir arasodes unda Caerios politikur procesebSi, rom

SeuZlebelia eklesia TanamemamuleTa Soris partiuli niSniT gamoarCevdes

vinmes. miuxedavad imisa, rom iyo mcdeloba eklesiis politizaciisa, ilia II-m

ar dauSva movlenebis aseTi ganviTareba. 1991 wlis Semodgomaze saqarTveloSi

Seqmnili rTuli politikuri viTarebis ganmuxtvis mizniT saqarTvelos

patriarqma scada, xelisuflebasa da saparlamento Tu arasaparlamento

opoziciis warmomadgenlebTan molaparakebebi gaemarTa sapatriarqoSi.

samwuxarod, arc xelisuflebasa da arc opozicias ar eyo goniereba da

saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo dapirispireba daiwyo. z. gamsaxurdia iZulebuli

gaxda, saqarTvelodan wasuliyo. misi momxreebi gaRizianebuli iyvnen

saqarTvelos eklesiis mimarT, magram, droTa viTarebaSi, movlenebis obieqturi

153

Sefasebis Semdeg, yvelasTvis cxadi gaxda, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesia arCevans ver gaakeTebda uRirs da Rirseul Svilebs Soris.

is, rac moxda, iyo ubedureba, magram eklesia unda darCeniliyo qarTveli

xalxis erTianobis simbolod.

TbilisSi dabrunebuli e. SevardnaZe pirvelad sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi

mivida da amiT yvelas mianiSna, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo

eklesiasTan mWidro TanamSromlobis gareSe saqarTvelos saxelmwifos

mravalricxovani seriozuli problemis mogvareba gauWirdeboda. Uuwmidesi

da unetaresi Tvlida, rom umZimesi viTarebidan saqarTvelos gamosayvanad

aucilebeli iyo e. SevardnaZisaTvis mxardaWera da ara partiul-nomenklaturuli

warsulis gamo misi kritika. Uuwmidesma da unetaresma araerTxel daafiqsira

misadmi mxardaWera. 1993 wels, rodesac ruseTis reaqciuli Zalebis mier

afxazeTis teritoriaze kidev ufro gamZafrda dapirispireba, patriarqma

sagangebo werilebiT mimarTa gaeros generalur mdivans, msoflio patriarqs,

romis kaTolikuri eklesiis meTaurs, ruseTis prezidentsa da patriarqs

da mouwoda sworad SeefasebinaT afxazeTSi datrialebuli movlenebi da

saswrafod mieRoT zomebi sisxlisRvris Sesawyvetad.

1996 wels elias mTaze safuZveli Caeyara wmida samebis sakaTedro taZars.

prezidenti e. SevardnaZe yovelmxriv daxmarebas uwevda taZris mSeneblobas.

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom 2002 wlis 14 oqtombers saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa

da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel avtokefaliur samociqulo eklesias

Soris gaformebuli konstituciuri SeTanxmeba-konkordati prezidentisa da

patriarqis seriozuli TanamSromlobis Sedegi iyo.

2003 wlis noembris `vardebis revoluciis~ dros e. SevardnaZe gadadga

saqarTvelos prezidentis postidan. uwmidesma da unetaresma mis am nabijs

mamacuri da eris winaSe pasuxismgeblobis gamomxatveli uwoda.

2004 wlidan saqarTvelos prezidentia mixeil saakaSvili. axalgazrda

prezidentis inauguracia-kurTxeva Sesrulda gelaTSi, wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis

saflavTan. kaTolikos-patriarqma am sityvebiT mimarTa prezident mixeil

saakaSvils: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, batono prezidento! Yyvelaferi amqveynad

RvTis gangebiT xdeba. Ggangebam uflisam dagadginaT dRes Tqven am didebul

taZarSi, raTa mogeniWoT madli RvTisa Cveni qveynis warsamarTeblad. es aris

wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis mier daarsebuli is savane, romelic saukuneTa

manZilze iyo simbolo qarTveli eris sibrZnisa da gonierebisa, rwmenisa da

sulieri simaRlisa; es aris is wmida adgili, sadac daRvrilia mravali cremli

da aRvlenilia mravali locva uflis winaSe saqarTvelos mTlianobisa da

keTildReobisaTvis. Tqveni warmatebis didi garanti aris xalxis ndoba. Ees

metad sasixarulo movlenaa, magram igi gansakuTrebul pasuxismgeblobasac

gakisrebT da mas gafrTxileba unda. arian xelisufalni, romelnic saTnoeyofian

154

kacTa da mxolod miwieri sazrunaviT moculni cdiloben drois Sesabamisad

imoqmedon. aseTi adamianebi ver qmnian saxes istoriisas. arian xelisufalni,

romelnic Tavisi qmedebebiT, upirveles yovlisa, saTnoeyofian ufals

da jildod miwier didebasac iReben. rogorc wesi, maTi saxeli saukuneebs

axsovT. arCevani Tqvenzea. aq, am taZridan iwyeba Tqveni, rogorc saqarTvelos

prezidentis, moRvaweobis pirveli dRe. inebos RmerTma, rom es gza iyos

Cveni qveynis winsvlisa da keTilwarmatebis momtani… gelaTSi, wmida daviT

aRmaSeneblis saflavze ficis dadeba simboluria da didad sapasuxismgeblo,

vinaidan aq ara marto dRevandeli, aramed mTeli zeciuri saqarTvelo dgas da

Tqvengan `Cueulebisaebr mamulisa svlas~ moiTxovs~.

samwuxaro faqti moxda 2007 wels aWaraSi, feriis mTaze, sadac daangries

mSenebare eklesia.Udaiwyo garkveuli Zalebis mier eklesiis mizanmimarTuli

diskreditacia. uwmidesi da unetaresi ase axasiaTebs Seqmnil viTarebas:

`mimdinareobs saeklesio sakiTxebze arakoreqtuli, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki

Seuracxmyofeli da cilismwamebluri msjelobebi. yvelafer amas erTgvari

organizebuli saxe aqvs da masSi monawileobas iReben rogorc eklesiis

wevrebi, ise mis gareT myofi pirebi. CvenTvis gaugebaria aRniSnul procesebSi

im adamianTa monawileoba, romelTac eklesiasTan kavSiri ara aqvT, vinaidan

maT amis arc codna, arc moraluri da iuridiuli ufleba ara aqvT; xolo

isini ki, romelnic eklesiis wevrad miiCneven Tavs da eklesiasa da mis ierarqs

ki sajarod ganikiTxaven, arRveven uZveles saeklesio wessa da tradicias,

romlis ugulebelyofac nebismieri motiviT sruliad gaumarTlebelia…

problemebi yvela sazogadoebasa da yvela droSi iyo, aris da iqneba, iseve _

rogorc eklesiaSi, oRond maTdami midgoma da Sesabamisi qmedebaa orgvari.

erTis safuZveli siZulvili, mizani ki zianis motanaa, meorisa _ siyvaruli da

gamosworebis survili. orive damokidebuleba advilad icnoba. eklesiasTan

dakavSirebiT dRes mimdinare procesebic naTlad avlens, Tu sinamdvileSi

rasTan gvaqvs saqme~. 2012 wlis arCevnebis dros daZabuli viTareba Seiqmna

qveyanaSi. danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas patriarqis avtoritetma qveyana ixsna

axali seriozuli dapirispirebisagan.

patriarqis sasuliero moRvaweobis naxevarsaukunovani istoriis manZilze

mravali saintereso Sexvedra hqonda marTlmadidebel da aramarTlmadidebel

eklesiaTa meTaurebTan, araqristianuli denominaciebis sulier liderebTan.

Uuwmidesi da unetaresi kargad icnobda ruseTis patriarqebs: aleqsi I-s, pimens.

1997 wels moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarq aleqsi II-sTan erTad sergi

radoneJelis lavraSi saRmrTo liturgiaze uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m

ganacxada: `swored aq, am lavraSi, wmida sergis mfarvelobiTa da kurTxeviT,

avirCie Cemi cxovrebis gza _ beroba. moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis patriarqma

aleqsi I-ma swored aq, wmida sergis taZarSi damasxa xeli mRvdelmonazvnad.

155

miuxedavad imisa, rom am movlenebidan ukve mravali weli gavida, lavrasa da

mis damfuZneblebTan suliersa da locviT kavSirs mudmivad vgrZnob~.

Uuwmidesi da unetaresi araerTxel Sexvda konstantinopolis msoflio

patriarqebs: uwmides dimitrios I-sa da barTolomeos I-s. 1992 wels uwmides

barTolomeos I-Tan Sexvedris dros man aRniSna: `Cven friad viwonebT da metad

vafasebT msoflio sapatriarqos Rvawlsa da Sromas marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi

erTsulovnebisa da msoflioSi marTlmadideblobis ganmtkicebisaTvis~.

gansakuTrebiT Tbili, megobruli urTierToba akavSirebda ilia II-s

aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis papsa da patriarq unetares nikoloz VI-sTan.

Uunetaresi nikoloz VI gancvifrebuli da aRfrTovanebuli iyo uwmidesisa

da unetaresis pirovnebiT, misi yuradRebiT da yovel zafxuls Camodioda

saqarTveloSi. erTxel man isurva patriarqis mSobliuri kuTxis, xevis, naxva.

rogorc TviTon brZanebda, nanaxma yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba. yoveli

axali Camosvla mas ganumtkicebda im azrs, rom qarTveli adamianisaTvis

stumari RvTis wyalobad aris miCneuli.

unetaresi nikoloz VI-is gza ganagrZes unetaresma parTeniosma petre VII-m

da Teodore III-m.

patriarqs xangrZlivi megobruli urTierToba akavSirebda ierusalimis

patriarqebTan: uwmides benediqte I-Tan da diodorosTan. 2000 wels,

macxovris Sobis dResaswaulze, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II da msoflios

sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis meTaurebi ewvivnen wmida qalaq ierusalims,

Sexvdnen da esaubrnen uwmides diodoross.

Uuwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II araerTxel Sexvda rumineTis patriarqebs

Teokstitesa da daniels, bulgareTis patriarq maqsimes, sruliad kviprosis

eklesiis meTaurs, mTavarepiskopos qrizostomoss, amerikisa da kanadis

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurebs, mitropolitebs: Teodoss, hermanes.

1999 wels vaSingtonSi, wmida nikolozis saxelobis taZarSi, saRmrTo

liturgiis Semdeg, ilia II-m am sityvebiT mimarTa unetares Teodoss: `Tqveni

unetaresobis mowveviT, sixaruliT vestumreT aSS-s. es aris Cemi meoTxe viziti

Tqvens qveyanaSi, magram igi gansakuTrebulia imiT, rom amJamad aq CamovediT

damoukidebeli, Tavisufali saqarTvelodan. Cveni mizania, ganmtkicdes

urTierToba saqarTvelosa da amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiebisa da

gaRrmavdes TanamSromloba Cvens or saxelmwifos Soris~.

uwmidessa da unetares megobruli urTierToba akavSirebda eladis

eklesiis meTaur unetares qristodulosTan, serbeTis eklesiis meTaur uwmides

pavlesTan. 1996 wlis agvistoSi uwmides pavlesTan Sexvedrisas misma uwmidesobam

aRniSna: `serbi da qarTveli xalxis istoria aRsavsea mZime gansacdelebiTa da

tragikuli movlenebiT. Cveni xalxebi mudam medgrad icavdnen TavianT miwa-

wyals ucxo dampyrobelTagan, icavdnen marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebas, enasa

156

da kulturas. gansacdelis dros Cveni eklesiebi mudam Cveni erebis gverdiT

idgnen da misi Wirisa da lxinis moziareni iyvnen~.

kaTolikos-patriarqi megobrul urTierTobas inarCunebs aramarTl-

madidebluri qristianuli konfesiebis liderebTan: romis papTan, anglikanuri

eklesiis meTaurTan, aRmosavleTis koptur-monofizituri eklesiebis

meTaurebTan. uwmidesi da unetaresi bevrjer Sexvda yovelTa somexTa

patriarq-kaTolikosebs: vazgen I-s, garegin I-s, garegin II-s, kilikiis somexTa

kaTolikoss aram I-s. guliTadi megobroba akavSirebs mas kavkasiis muslimanTa

sabWos TavmjdomaresTan Seix al ul islam alax Suqur faSa zadesTan.

patriarqs aseTive megobruli urTierToba aqvs saqarTveloSi arsebul

aramarTlmadidebluri konfesiebis xelmZRvanelebTan. 2002 wlis 11 seqtembers

TbilisSi gardaicvala somxuri samociqulo eklesiis saqarTvelos eparqiis

winamZRoli, mTavarepiskoposi gevorq seraidariani, romelic 30 weli msaxurobda

TbilisSi. Uuwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II daeswro mis dakrZalvas, daexmara

somxuri eparqiis warmomadgenlobas, raTa gansvenebuli mTavarepiskoposis

neSti daekrZalaT wmida giorgis saxelobis somxuri eklesiis ezoSi.

patriarqTan xSirad stumroben sxvadasxva konfesiis warmomadgenlebi da

misadmi pativiscemasa da madlierebas gamoxataven.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi qarTuli sulisa da qarTuli xasiaTis

mqone pirovnebaa. mas araerTxel aRuniSnavs: `miuxedavad mravalerovani

mosaxleobisa, saqarTveloSi arasodes hqonia adgili erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi

niSniT devnas, amitomac aris, rom aq gverdigverd saukuneebia mSvidobianad

mkvidroben muslimebi, iudevelebi, qristianebi da sxva religiebis mimdevarni.

maSinac ki, rodesac mwvavdeboda urTierToba ama Tu im saxelmwifosTan,

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi am qveynis warmomadgenlebisadmi damokidebuleba kvlav

Semwynarebluri rCeboda. urTierTobis es wesi ar Secvlila Cvens Tanamedrove

yofaSic. moyvasisadmi aseTi midgoma qarTvel adamianSi marTlmadidebluri

sarwmunoebis didi pativiscemidan da siyvarulidan momdinareobs~.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II Sexvda 1989 wels TbilisSi

Camosul deda terezas, iuneskos generalur mdivans frederiko maiors.

Uuwmidesi da unetaresi araerTxel Sexvedria did germanel dramaturgs herman

vedekinds.

ai, ras werda poloneli mRvdelmsaxuri dekanozi henrik paprocki:

ùwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs

pirvelad 1995 wels Sevxvdi, saocari adamiania, xSirad masTan urTierTobisas

Tu saubrisas migrZvnia, rom es ar aris ubralo adamiani, igi zeciuri stumaria

dedamiwaze… bednieria eri, romelsac aseTi mwyemsmTavari hyavs, rameTu mas

gadaSeneba ar uweria~.

patriarqi, rogorc didi Teologi, mecnieri da Semoqmedi pirovneba,

157

qarTveli mecnierebisa da xelovnebis moRvaweebis megobari da xelisSemwyobia.

uwmidesma da unetaresma 2001 wlis saaRdgomo epistoleSi gaixsena

inteligenciasTan, axalgazrdobasTan Tavisi urTierTobis pirveli wlebi:

`msurs erTgvari siamayis grZnobiT aRvniSno, rom saqarTveloSi inteligentTa

Soris TiTqmis ar yofilan mebrZoli aTeistebi. marTalia, umravlesobam

komunistur periodSi eklesiuroba dakarga, magram RvTisadmi Sinagani rwmena

SeinarCuna da am grZnobas bolomde Tan atarebda. amitomac iyo, rom 1977 wels,

rodesac, RvTis gangebiT, sapatriarqo taxtze amirCies, eklesiis dasaxmareblad

pirvelad inteligencia da axalgazrdoba movida. didi madlierebiT minda

gavixseno q-ni babo dadiani, aleqsandre (Sura) banZelaZe, guram pataraia,

levan cucqiriZe, lamara da grigol abaSiZeebi, irakli abaSiZe, erasti da elene

vaCnaZeebi, nana xatiskaci, medea jafariZe, rezo TabukaSvili, lili gegelia, rezo

CxeiZe, medea Caxava, zurab kiknaZe, elguja giunaSvili, giorgi cincaZe, mariam

lorTqifaniZe, baCana bregvaZe da sxvani. maT uTvalTvalebdnen, aviwroebdnen,

uSlidnen CvenTan siaxloves, magram isini ar uSindebodnen zewolas. minda

SevCerde axalgazrdebzec, romelTa yofna eklesiaSi maSin, faqtobrivad,

Tavganwirva iyo. ramdeni winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva mouxda, magaliTad, zurab

WavWavaZes, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi SeenarCunebina TanamSromloba da kavSiri

sapatriarqosTan. es gza gaiara komunisturi mmarTvelobis dros eklesiaSi

mosuli axalgazrdobis udidesma nawilma~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, uwmidesi da

unetaresi ilia II qarTveli inteligenciis _ mecnierebis, xelovnebisa da

literaturis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebisaTvis komunisturi mmarTvelobis

xanaSi momavlis imedad iqca. sapatriarqos kari mudam Ria iyo maTTvis. isini

xvdebodnen eris sulier winamZRols da am Sexvedrebidan gamosulni didxans

siyvaruliT uambobdnen axloblebs TavianTi gancdebis Sesaxeb. inteligenciis

warmomadgenelTa mravalricxovani werilebidan movitanT uwmidesisa da

unetaresisadmi miZRvnils zogierT amonarids.

afxazeTis ukanaskneli mTavris SviliSvili, qalbatoni babo dadiani

erT-erTi gamorCeuli pirovneba iyo. igi sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi

usmenda kaTolikos-patriarqebis: kirionis, leonides, ambrosis, kalistrates

qadagebebs, 1977 wlidan ki uwmidesisa da unetaresis wirva-locvebze idga

mravalgansacdelgamovlili es aristokrati qalbatoni. igi mudam grZnobda

patriarqis siTbosa da siyvaruls. 1980 wlis dekemberSi ilia II-sadmi gagzavnil

werilSi igi wers: ̀ uwmideso da unetareso, muxlmodrekiT, Cemi Tavis umdablesad

daxriT, uRrmesi madlobis grZnobiT veamborebi Tqvens xels. ver agiwerT

Cems bednierebasa da sixaruls, gamowveuls Tqveni esoden didi wyalobiTa da

yuradRebiT Cemdami. vevedrebi ufals Tqvens xangrZliv, janmrTel sicocxles

Cvenda mfarvelad~.

158

patriarqisadmi siyvaruli, pativiscema da mowiwebaa gamoxatuli cnobili

mecnieris kalistrate salias mier parizidan gamogzavnil werilSi: `Tqveno

uwmidesobav, uwinares yovlisa, muxlmodrekiT vemTxvevi marjvenas Tqvensas.

Llocva-kurTxevis Tqvengan miReba da saubari dauviwyar momentad darCeba

samSoblos ganSorebul, tanjul, miwuruls mimdgar Cems cxovrebaSi. Tqveno

uwmidesobav, Tqven brZandebiT winamZRvari istoriiT datvirTuli qarTuli

eklesiisa, romlis meTaurT Tavs xSirad edgaT mowamis gvirgvini da akvirvebdnen

samyaros SeudrekelobiT, mxneobiT, gamZleobiT, TavganwirviT sjulisa da

samSoblos dasacavad. dideba Tqven da im wmida gvirgvins, romlis tareba bedma

da qarTvelma erma mogandoT~.

inteligenciis gansakuTrebuli madliereba eris sulieri winamZRolisadmi

kargadaa gamoxatuli werilSi, romelsac xels aweren qarTuli inteligenciis

cnobili warmomadgenlebi: `gveamayeba, rom xarT naTeli magaliTi

kacTmoyvareobisa, romlis niadagzec izrdeba Cveni awmyo da momavali. saqmeTa

did dinebaSi poulobT dros, raTa piradad gauwodoT xeli da unazesi mamobrivi

siyvaruliT CaixutoT Cveni samSoblos warCinebulni, mxatvari Tu mwerali,

musikosi Tu istorikosi, msaxiobi Tu sportsmeni… ar mohklebia Tqveni locva,

darigeba, saqarTvelos mamav-moZRvaro~.

saqarTvelos istoriaSi iSviaTia SemTxveva, didma adamianma sicocxleSive

aseTi aRiareba da sazogadoebis yvela fenis siyvaruli daimsaxuros.

saqarTvelos patriarqi, am mxriv, gamonaklisia.

159

* * *

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, morwmune mrevli

gansakuTrebuli zeimiT aRniSnavs uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis dResaswaulebs.

1978 wlis 24 dekembers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi saRmrTo-

sadResaswaulo wirva aRasrula uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. taZari

saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan mosuli xalxiT gaivso, yvelas surda uwmidesisa

da unetaresisaTvis mieloca patriarqad aRsaydrebis dRe. saRamos kinos saxlSi

gaimarTa saiubileo sxdoma, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda cxum-afxazeTis

mTavarepiskoposi nikolozi (maxaraZe). inteligencias, morwmune mrevls uCvenes

dokumenturi filmi uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is aRsaydrebis Sesaxeb.

1980 wlis 25 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi saRmrTo-sadResaswaulo

liturgiis Semdeg, romelic patriarqis aRsaydrebis mesame wlisTavs

mieZRvna, quTaTel-gaenaTelma mitropolitma Siom (avaliSvili) uwmidessaa da

unetaress mimarTa: ùkve sami weli gvaSorebs im RirSesaniSnav 25 dekembris

TariRs, rodesac mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi RvTis gangebam

kaTolikos-patriarqis gvirgvini daadga Tavis rCeuls Tavze. me vulocav

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiasa da qarTvel morwmune xalxs RvTisgan

kurTxeul am axal dasawyiss Cveni sulieri aRmavlobisas. cnobili ambavia, rom

advili rodia sulieri cxovrebis aRmavlobis gzaze dayeneba... RvTis maRali

gangeba didi xnis winaT gamzadebdaT Tqven mcxeTis sveticxovlis sapatriarqo

taZarSi misasvlelad, im didi naTlis wiaRSi, rac RvTisgan rCeulTa xvedria

mxolod. xSirad gvekiTxebian xolme, rom patriarqis gvirgvini oqrosia Tu ara?

Hhoi, adamianuro simdablev Tu cnobismoyvareobav!.. patriarqis gvirgvini arc

oqrosia da arc briliantebiT Semkuli raRac... patriarqis gvirgvini RvTis

madlia, naTliT mosili... patriarqis gvirgvins fasi ara aqvs, igi ar iyideba

da arc brZoliT moipoveba... patriarqis gvirgvini ar iwoneba da arc izomeba,

arc mxatvaria misTvis vinme, arc xelovani gamomWedeli, TvaliT xiluli...

mas Wedavs mxolod uxilavi RmerTis marjvena... da mogilocavT Tqven, Tqveno

uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, rom Tqveni moRvaweobiT daimsaxureT aseTi

xelTuqmneli wmida gvirgvini.

yoveli dRe Cveni saeklesio Sromisa gvarwmunebs imaSi, rom qarTvel

morwmune xalxs RmerTTan siaxlove swyuria, uyvars qriste da qristianoba...

maSasadame, ara codvebiT daRupva, aramed maradiuloba da ukvdaveba swyuria

Cvens suls... Cveni locva, Cveni madloba da Tayvaniscema maRal RmerTs

imisaTvis, rom Tqveni saxiT mogvivlina didi moZRvari maradiulobisa da

ukvdavebis gzis maswavleblad. xom cnobilia, rom morwmune eris siyvarulsa

da pativiscemas oqro-vercxliT ver Seisyidi, verc brZoliTa da ZaladobiT

160

moipoveb... xalxma rom guli gagixsnas da Segiyvaros, amisaTvis RvTisgan rCeuli

unda iyo da madliT mosili. RmerTi unda uZRodes win saqmeebs Sensas da misi

tkbili siyvaruli gzas ginaTebdes... Cven gilocavT, Tqveno uwmidesobav, rom

maRalma RmerTma moganiWaT es didi jildo, da ase uangarod uyvarxarT guliT

keTil da patiosnebiT savse morwmune qarTvel xalxs. qristianTaTvis ra unda

iyos da sad unda iyos imaze didi bedniereba, risi mowmenic Cven gaxlavarT am

did taZarSi. angelozis dRes _ orSabaTobiT, saqarTvelos angelozebi, Cveni

Svilebi da SviliSvilebi, ikribebian xolme am taZarSi da ieso qriste locavs

Cvens Svilebs da camde asulni aRtacebiT vuyurebT xolme, Tu rogor upyriaT

Cvens momavlebs saxareba wmida xelebze, da maRldeba zecisaken suli Cveni

erisa... gilocavT Tqven, Cveno mamav da maswavlebelo, mTel am sikeTes da

vulocavT Cvens mrevlsa da samSoblos Cvensas, rom Cveni momavali uwmides

xelebs upyriaT saxarebis saRaRadeblad. zogjer daCoqeba umZims xolme

axalgazrdasac, Cems moxuc guls ki uyvars igi da emsubuqeba... me maCoqebs xolme

RvTis siyvaruli... da viCoqeb axlac im guliTa da im sixaruliT, rogoriTac aq

dganan frTebgaSlili Cveni bavSvebi orSabaTobiT _ angelozis dRes~.

1981 wlis 25 dekembers sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi sazeimod aRiniSna

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

aRsaydrebis meoTxe wlisTavi. uwmidessa da unetaress misasalmebeli sityviT

mimarTa urbnelma mTavarepiskoposma konstantinem (meliqiZe). patriarqma

madloba gadauxada Sekrebil sazogadoebas da ganacxada: saqmeni, romelnic

saqarTvelos eklesiaSi keTdeba, uflis nebaa, amitom yvelam madloba unda

SevswiroT ufals wyalobisaTvis.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi 25 dekembris,

patriarqis aRsaydrebis dRis, sazeimod aRniSvna tradiciad iqca. Tu pirvel

wlebSi mxolod samRvdeloeba da morwmune mrevli ikribeboda, xolo mecnierebisa

da inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi misaloci werilebiT kmayofildebodnen, XX

saukunis 80-iani wlebidan ukve isinic aqtiurad CaerTvnen sayovelTao sazeimo

dReebis aRniSvnaSi.

1987 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis aTi wlisTavi gansakuTrebul sazeimo

viTarebaSi aRiniSna. sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi sasuliero pirebTan erTad

cdilobdnen, gamoexataT patriarqisadmi didi pativiscema da siyvaruli.

TavianT gamosvlebSi isini aRniSnavdnen uwmidesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is

gansakuTrebul damsaxurebas. patriarqma mravalmxriv saintereso sityviT

Seajama sazeimo sxdoma, madloba moaxsena yvelas keTili survilebisaTvis

da aRniSna: ùkve aTi weli gavida, rac patriarqis uRels vewevi, romelic,

marTalia, metad mZimea, magram, amave dros, didia Sewevnac RvTisa. Tu adamiani

mis nebas asrulebs, ufali mas misi wilxvedri jvris zidvas uadvilebs.

161

ar minda visaubro imaze, Tu am xnis manZilze ra gavakeTe. rogorc Zveli

romaelebi ambobdnen, gavakeTe is, rac SevZeli, xolo ukeTesi sxvam gaakeTos.

rac gakeTda, im saqmeTa aRmsrulebeli ufali, yovladwmida samebaa, xolo Cven

vmadlobT RmerTs, rom mis nebas xandaxan mainc vasrulebdiT... minda madloba

movaxseno Cvens mRvdelmTavrebs, romelnic bevrs akeTeben Cveni eklesiisa da

xalxisaTvis. xSirad morwmuneTaTvis SeumCneveli rCeba is didi jafa, romelsac

episkoposebi ewevian, magram es albaT asec unda iyos, radgan mTavari isaa, RvTis

saqme gakeTdes. minda aseve davloco da madloba movaxseno Cvens moZRvrebs,

ber-monazvnebs, diakvnebs, mgaloblebs im didi sulieri moRvaweobisaTvis,

romelsac isini mrevlisaTvis ewevian, madloba mogaxsenoT Tqven da mTel

qarTvel ers im didi siyvarulisaTvis, romelsac iCenT~.

kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis dRis aRniSvna martooden sazeimo

milocvebiTa da survilebiT ar mTavrdeboda. uwmidesi da unetaresi Tavis

Semajamebel sityvaSi piruTvnelad afasebda ganvlili wlebis saqmianobas da,

amave dros, samomavlo gegmebzec saubrobda. 1992 wlis dekemberSi, rodesac

misi aRsaydrebis 15 weli Sesrulda, saqarTveloSi rogorc politikuri, aseve

ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT urTulesi viTareba iyo. samoqalaqo dapirispireba

jer ar Camcxraliyo, daZabuloba iyo afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi.

miuxedavad am urTulesi viTarebisa, sapatriarqos istoriul rezidenciaSi,

sadac 1991 wlidan samuSaod gadavida saqarTvelos patriarqi, moewyo sazeimo

Sexvedra, manamde ki sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi Sesrulda sazeimo wirva. iyo

milocvebi, keTili survilebi. patriarqma arc amjerad uRalata tradicias da

sagulisxmo sityviT mimarTa sazogadoebas:

`marTlac didia da istoriuli dRevandeli dRe, magram ara imitom, rom

dRes TxuTmeti weli Sesrulda Cemi intronizaciidan, aramed didia igi im

movlenebis mniSvnelobiT, romlebic am 15 wlis manZilze moxda Cveni erisa da

eklesiis cxovrebaSi. ganvlo wamebis TxuTmetma welma. imdenad mZimea jvari

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisa, rom XX saukuneSi mxolod uwmidesma

da unetaresma kalistratem gauZlo mis tarebas oci wlis manZilze. metad

mZime iyo Cemi aRsaydrebis dro, roca oficialurad TiTqmis Tavisufali

iyo eklesia, sinamdvileSi ki idevneboda; magram ufro mZime wlebic hqonia

saqarTvelos eklesias, ufro metad yofila igi Seviwroebuli. magaliTad,

kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaia daapatimres da daxvretac ki miusajes.

iseTi periodic hqonia saqarTvelos eklesias, rodesac sakaTolikoso sabWos

(sinodis) mTeli Semadgenloba cixeSi ijda da mis SenobaSi, romelic dRes

isev sapatriarqo rezidencias warmoadgens, mxolod mdivani darCa _ es iyo

mRdelmonazoni efremi, romelic Semdeg saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

gaxda... saqme iqamde mivida, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli 1500 eklesiidan

mxolod ormocdaaTiRa darCa moqmedi.

162

ai, aseT mZime dros momixda me RvTis gangebiT kaTolikos-patriarqad

aRsaydreba... amgvar pirobebSi, roca moqmedebda araoficialuri devizi, rac

ufro bevri cudi iqneba eklesiaSi, miT ufro kargia, didi mniSvneloba hqonda

saqarTvelos mTavrobis damokidebulebas kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis

sakiTxisadmi. saqmes isic arTulebda, rom me, rogorc imdroindeli reJimisaTvis

saSiS pirovnebas, ise miyurebdnen, magram RvTis gangebas win veravin daudgeba

da ai, 1977 wlis 25 dekembers am taZarSi Sedga Cemi aRsaydreba.

rogorc patriarqma, pirvel rigSi, Cems umTavres movaleobad erisa

da eklesiis gaerTianeba miviCnie. eklesia TiTqos mowyvetili iyo erisgan,

gansakuTrebiT mTavrobasa da inteligencias iyo daSorebuli. am mdgomareobis

gamosworebis mizniT Cven davukavSirdiT saqarTvelos inteligenciis cnobil

warmomadgenlebs yvela sferoSi. Cvenda sasixarulod, maTac didi interesi

gamoiCines eklesiis mimarT. urTierTSexvedrebma saocari Sedegi gamoiRo, ufali

mivida yvelasTan. TviT isinic ki, romelTac TavianTi Tavi aTeistebad miaCndaT,

aRiarebdnen, rom sapatriarqos rezidenciaSi stumrobisas sulieri simSvide

euflebodaT. am dros maTze gadmodioda madli, romelic mizezi xdeboda

WeSmariti rwmenis dabadebisa. me mimaCnia, rom saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

mamamTavari da moZRvari unda iyos ara mxolod im adamianebisa, romelnic

yoveldRiurad modian eklesiaSi, aramed yoveli qarTvelisa, da, saerTod, Cveni

qveynis yoveli mkvidrisa. kaTolikos-patriarqma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

unda miaqcios imas, visac ar SeuZlia an sulieri Zala ar hyofnis eklesiaSi

mosasvlelad. aseT kacTan igi TviTon unda mivides, mxrebiT itvirTos da ise

miiyvanos ufalTan... da bolos, im saocrebasac moveswari, rom saqarTvelo

orasi wlis Semdeg isev damoukidebeli saxelmwifo gaxda. Tumca siZnele isev

mravalia. upirveles yovlisa, Cvens ers imis Segneba sWirdeba, rom WeSmariti

damoukidebloba yoveli Cvenganis Sinagani ganTavisuflebiT unda daiwyos... ase

gavida TxuTmeti weli, romelic, rogorc vTqvi, wamebis wlebi iyo, magram isic

unda vTqva, rom Cven mudam vgrZnobdiT siaxloves uflisas, vgrZnobdiT, rom

CvenTan iyo RmerTi; da, radganac CvenTan ars RmerTi, veraviTari mteri, verc

xiluli da verc uxilavi, veras daaklebs verc saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

samociqulo eklesiasa da verc saxelmwifos~.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis es sityva mravalmxriv sayuradReboa

istorikosebisaTvis. masSi naCvenebia is ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, Tu rogor

unda daiweros saqarTvelos eklesiis uaxlesi istoria.

1997 wlis dekemberSi qarTvelma xalxma gansakuTrebulad aRniSna

kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavi. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi

gaimarTa samecniero konferencia, sadac araerTi saintereso moxseneba

waikiTxes uwmidesisa da unetaresis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. am

striqonebis avtorma Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa patriarqs: ̀ Tqveno uwmidesobav

163

da unetaresobav, oci weli gvaSorebs im RirSesaniSnav dRes, rac saqarTvelos

sapatriarqo taxtze moxda Tqveni aRsaydreba. mogesalmebiT sionis sapatriarqo

taZris 70-iani wlebis im mrevlis saxeliT, romelic Tqven SeqmeniT saqarTvelos

eklesiaSi da romelic manamde, samwuxarod, ar arsebobda. 1977 wlis noemberSi,

rodesac gardaicvala kaTolikos-patriarqi daviT V, mis mosaxsenebel

panaSvidebs wesis mixedviT aRasrulebdnen qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi.

maTi umravlesoba xandazmuli iyo. rodesac Tqven SemobrZandiT taZarSi,

sazogadoebis is nawili, vinc ar gicnobdaT, verc warmoidgenda, rom qarTveli

mRvdelmTavari SeiZleba yofiliyo aseTi axalgazrda da gamorCeuli. bevrs

ucxoeTidan CamobrZanebuli stumari egoneT.

Tu ra savalalo mdgomareoba iyo saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, kargad Cans

Semdegi monacemebiT: Teoriulad moqmedi 15 eparqiidan realurad 4-5 eparqias

hyavda sakuTari mRvdelmTavari da hqonda moqmedi eklesiebi... eqvsi patriarqi

airCia saqarTvelom sabWoTa xelisuflebis mmarTvelobis periodSi, magram arc

erTi patriarqis kurTxevaze aseTi mravalricxovani sazogadoeba ar Sekrebila.

yvela grZnobda, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi axali era iwyeboda. amas

albaT xelisuflebac grZnobda da maqsimalurad cdilobda eklesiis izolaciasa

da Seviwroebas. sabednierod, Tqveni brZnuli, mwemsmTavruli moRvaweobis gamo

amas ver axerxebda. pirveli nabiji, romelic saqarTvelos eklesiam XX saukunis

70-ian wlebSi gadadga, iyo mrevlis Semokreba da Tqven, Tqveno uwmindesobav,

iyaviT pirveli maswavlebeli sionis mrevlisa, im axalgazrdebisa, romlebic

movdiodiT eklesiaSi, magram mcireodeni eklesiuri ganaTlebac ar gvqonda,

ar vicodiT taZarSi dgomis wesi, locva, sasuliero ierarqisaTvis mimarTvis

formebi. Tqven yvelafers gvaswavlidiT.

pirvel xanebSi gviWirda taZarSi didxans dgoma, magram Tqven gvamxnevebdiT

da gvixsnidiT wirva-locvaze daswrebis mniSvnelobas. Tqveni gansakuTrebuli

damsaxurebaa is, rom warmarTTa TavSesafrad gadaqceuli saqarTvelos udidesi

eklesia-monastrebi kvlav aRorZinda; alaverdoba, TeleToba, sveticxovloba,

lomisoba kvlav did qristianul dResaswaulebad iqca... dRes Zalian advilia

laparaki aRorZinebuli, gamSvenierebuli, gaZlierebuli eparqiebis saqmianobis

Sesaxeb, magram bevrma ar icis, ra sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli Teoriulad

arsebuli eparqiebis praqtikulad amoqmedeba... saqarTvelos eklesiis uaxlesi

istoria ukve iwereba... Tqven sicocxleSive ukvdavebis binadari gaxdiT...

vRelav, saocrad vRelav da ar vici, rogor gamovxato is gansakuTrebuli

siTbo, siyvaruli da pativiscema, rasac Tqven imsaxurebT qarTveli xalxisagan,

qarTveli mrevlisagan. saqarTveloSi saerTod ase ician: did adamians Zalian

gauSinaurdebian xolme. dro, distancia aris saWiro, rom es sidiade srulad

aRiqva. gansxvavebuli azris motrfiale qarTveloba erTsulovania Tqvens

SefasebaSi. saqarTvelos warsuls, awmyosa da momavalze fiqrSi gatarebuli

164

uZilo Rameebis, umravlesobisaTvis dafaruli didi Rvawlis dafasebaa eris

usazRvro siyvaruli da pativiscema Tqvendami~.

patriarqis aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili daskvniTi sazeimo

sxdoma gaimarTa operisa da baletis saxelmwifo akademiur TeatrSi. uwmidessa

da unetaress miesalmnen mecnierebis, xelovnebis, SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis

warmomadgenlebi. saqarTvelos prezidentma e. SevardnaZem gaixsena oci wlis

wina movlenebi, is daZabuli viTareba, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

samociqulo eklesiaSi Seiqmna axali patriarqis arCevis win. raoden didi

iyo inteligenciisa da axalgazrdobis survili, sapatriarqo taxtze exilaT

cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia. prezidentma ganacxada, rom pirveli

pirovneba saqarTvelos istoriaSi, vinc wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis ordeniT

dajildovdeboda, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II iyo.

kaTolikos-patriarqma am sityvebiT mimarTa qarTvel ers: ìseve

rogorc pirovnebis gansacdeli, eris gansacdelic RvTisgan misi sulieri

amaRlebisaTvis xdeba. axla swored am process gavdivarT da darwmunebuli

var, RvTis wyalobiT igi iqceva zecad aRmyvanebel Cvens sulier kibed. is ki,

vinc gaurbis RvTisgan daSvebul am gamocdas da iol gzas eZebs, uars ambobs

didebis gvirgvinze. me mivmarTav mTel Cvens ers, saqarTvelos mosaxleobas,

gadadgiT nabijebi erTmaneTisa da RvTisaken. ecadeT, yovel Tqvens moqmedebas

siyvaruli edos safuZvlad, raTa iyoT msaxuri uflisa da macxovrisa Cvenisa

ieso qristesi... qarTvelno, erTad _ RvTisaken~.

2003 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelom aRniSna Tavisi didi sulieri

winamZRolis aRsaydrebis 25 wlisTavi. `drois usasrulo mdinarebaSi wuTic

ki ar aris 25, Tundac 70 weli, magram amqveyniuri saTvalaviT igi cota araa.

sruliad axalgazrda da mSvenieri, RvTiuri naTliT STagonebuli aRzevdiT

Tqven qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo taxtze... Tqveni patriarqobis pirveli

dReebidanve daiwyo da TiTqmis mTlianad mowesrigda saqarTvelos eklesiuri

cxovreba. uangaro Rvawli, romelsac Tqveni winamorbedi patriarqebi eweodnen

maTTvis mZime moRvaweobis periodSi, Tqven ganamravleT. qarTuli eklesiis

namdvili gamoRviZebis misia Tqven gxvdaT wilad... wlebis manZilze umRvdlebod

darCenil eklesiebs TandaTan daubrundaT, an ubrundebaT TavianTi saxe...

gelaTis, iyalTos, tbeTis uZvelesi, odesRac eladis simaRleze mdgari, magram

mtrisgan iavarqmnili akademiebis nafuZarze kvlav gaiRviZa sicocxlem... Tqveni

mudmivi sazrunavi iyo da aris, Cvens qveyanaSi, saerTod Cvens Soris, sufevdes

WeSmariti qristianuli siyvaruli. Tqven eris yvela Svils mouwodebT rwmenisa

da sikeTisaken... RvTisgan gansakuTrebuli locva-kurTxeviT xeldasxmuli

brZandebiT... iyaviT dRegrZeli. didxans mSvidobianad gemarToT wmida saWe

qarTuli eklesiisa~ _ am sityvebiT miuloca Jurnalma `jvari vazisa~ pirvel

mRvdelmTavars saiubileo TariRi.

165

2007 wels Sesrulda uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is dabadebidan 75, berad aRkvecidan 50,

mRvdelTmTavrad dadginebidan 44 da patriarqad aRsaydrebidan 30 weli.

qarTveli xalxi gansakuTrebulad emzadeboda misi uwmidesobis saiubileo

TariRebis aRsaniSnavad.

2007 wlis 12 oqtombers daiwyo misi uwmidesobis aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavisa

da mcxeTis jvris monastris 1400 wlis saiubileo dResaswaulis oficialuri

nawili. saqarTveloSi stumrad CamobrZandnen: konstantinopolisa da axlisa

romisa msoflio patriarqi, yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I; kviprosis eklesiis

meTauri, mTavarepiskoposi qrizostomos II; Cexoslovakiis marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis meTauri, mitropoliti qristefore; ukrainis egzarqosi, mitropoliti

vladimeri; antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis eklesiis episkoposi

nifoni; ierusalimis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi Teofile, ruseTis eklesiis

orenburgis mitropoliti valentini, serbeTis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi

amfiloqi, rumineTis eklesiis mitropoliti iosebi, bulgareTis eklesiis

mitropoliti dometiani, eladis eklesiis mitropoliti ambrosi, albaneTis

eklesiis mitropoliti ignatiosi, poloneTis eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi

simoni, amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis episkoposi irineosi. stumrebs

sazeimo miReba mouwyves sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi, sadac sityva warmoTqva

yovladuwmidesma barTolomeos I-ma: `didia Cveni sixaruli, vinaidan TqvenTan

erTad vimyofebiT, unetareso da usayvarleso Zmao, Tqvens stumarTmoyvare

da istoriul qveyanaSi, saqarTveloSi, romelTanac Cvens konstantinopolis

msoflio sapatriarqos mWidro, saukeTeso sulieri da, amasTanave, kanonikuri

urTierToba akavSirebs… Tavi moviyareT dRes aq, raTa erTad aRvniSnoT

misi uwmidesobis aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavi… Tqven iseT mdgomareobas

gauZeliT, rom CvenTvis, visac is uSualod ar gangvicdia, misi aRqmac ki ar

ZalgviZs, magram, amave dros, Tqven gadmogecaT samwyso, mowyurebuli RvTisa

da Rvaebriv siyvaruls, da, miuxedavad imisa, rom xalxs metad uWirda, Tqven

didi gamocdileba da Tavganwirvis grZnoba SegZinaT… moxarulni varT,

aRorZinebis suls rom vgrZnobT. es aris suli nugeSinismcemeli uflisa

Cvenisa, romelic msWvalavs mociqulTa ofliT gaJRenTil da mowameTa sisxliT

ganbanil am qveyanas. eklesiis es aRorZineba, misi winsvla ar moxdeboda, Tuki

1977 wels sapatriarqo taxtze esoden Rirseuli pirovneba ar asuliyo, ar

iqneboda winsvla, Tuki qveyanas ar eyoleboda esoden zneobrivi, mSromeli,

SorsmWvreteli, sibrZniTa da moTminebiT mmarTveli patriarqi, romelic

Tavis xalxs meore sulieri dabadebiT marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wiaRSi da

mis ZiebaSi daabrunebda~.

13 oqtombers Tbilisis yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo

taZarSi msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa

166

mier warmogzavnil mRvdelmTavrebTan, kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-sa da

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebTan erTad sazeimo

locva aRavlina. Uukrainis delegaciam waikiTxa ukrainis prezidentis,

viqtor iuSCenkos, misalmeba da gadawyvetileba, misi uwmidesobis ilia II-is

ukrainis saxelmwifos umaRlesi jildoTi _ Tavad miroslav brZenis ordeniT

dajildoebis Sesaxeb.

14 oqtombers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZari, misi Semogareni xalxs

ver itevda. taZarSi mobrZandnen: uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi ilia II, msoflio

patriarqi yovladuwmidesi barTolomeos I, marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa

delegaciebi, saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi, samRvdeloeba,

qarTuli inteligenciis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi. sveticxovlis

sapatriarqo taZarSi saqarTvelos patriarqis aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavis

misalocad mobrZandnen saqarTvelos mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi. uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II miesalma stumrebs, madloba moaxsena CamobrZanebisaTvis

da aRniSna: ès 30 weli, romelic saqarTvelom ganvlo, metad mniSvnelovania

Cveni qveynisaTvis. saqarTvelos eklesia mudam gzas uCvenebda qarTvel

ers. marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba mudam iyo da iqneba Cveni erisa da Cveni

sulierebis ganmamtkicebeli, SemaerTebeli, SemduRebeli. Cven yvelafers

viRonebT imisaTvis, rom es erToba ar iyos darRveuli. am 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi

bevri ram gakeTda, magram me ar SemiZlia vTqva, rom es Cemi gakeTebulia.

maxsendeba sityvebi wmidisa mefisa daviT winaswarmetyvelisa: ùfali mefobs~.

rodesac mefe daviTs xalxi aqebda da ambobda, rom man gaamTliana israeli,

mefem gaaCuma isini da uTxra: ùfali mefobs~. ufali mefobs, ufali qmnis,

ufali amTlianebs, xolo boroti Zala anawevrebs~.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis

saxeliT saqarTvelos patriarqs miesalma mitropoliti anania (jafariZe),

romelmac aRniSna: `mravali Cvengani mowmea imisa, rom misma uwmidesobam am

30 wlis win Caibara ucxo qveynis mpyrobelobis Sedegad damcrobili eklesia,

materialurad univTo, naklovani da qancmileuli, aTeist mmarTvelTa

mZlavrobiT daSinebuli sul ramdenime aTeuli samRvdelo piriT. da ai,

gavida 30 weli da Cven vxedavT, Tu ra warmatebiT Seegeba Cveni eklesia axal

aTaswleuls… Tqveni yoveldRiuri saqmiTa da sityviT iyaviT da xarT WeSmariti

moZRvari da maswavlebeli, wmida etaloni ara mxolod sulier-eklesiurisa,

aramed _ yofiTisa, eTikisa Tu esTetikisa. Yyvela Cvenganma yvelaferi Tqvengan

Seiswavla, ufro sworad Tu vityviT, unda Seiswavlos, radgan Tqven ukvdavi

saRmrTo magaliTi brZandebiT wyalobisa da qvelis saqmisa, locvisa da marxvisa.

rogorc ityvian, vin aRricxavs Tqvens saxierebas zecaTa mamis garda? 30 wlis

winandel qaotur sasuliero dasSi dainerga wesiereba da kanoni da Tqveni

167

moridebiT da krZalviT veravin ikadrebs uweso svlas. patiosneba da Rirseba

Tavis adgils imkvidrebs. monastrebi, saepiskoposoebi da eklesiebi wesiTa da

rigiT aRasruleben saRmrTo msaxurebas~.

15 oqtombers zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis operisa da baletis

saxelmwifo akademiur TeatrSi gaimarTa uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavisadmi

miZRvnili saiubileo saRamo, romelsac eswrebodnen: sazRvargareTis

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa delegaciebi, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

wmida sinodis mRvdelmTavrebi, samRvdeloeba, saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da

parlamentis wevrebi, qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi. uwmidessa da

unetaress saiubileo TariRebi miuloces: msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos

I-ma, rumineTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenelma, mitropolitma

iosebma, antioqiis eklesiis warmomadgenelma, episkoposma nifonma, romelmac

antioqiis patriarqis saxeliT uwmides da unetares ilia II-s Tval-margalitiT

Semkuli oqros panaRia miarTva.amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCma

saqarTveloSi, b-ma jon teftma waikiTxa amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

prezidentis jorj buSis milocvis teqsti kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-

sadmi: `Tqveno uwmidesobav, amerikeli xalxis saxeliT, guliTadad gilocavT

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis patriarqad aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavs.

Tqveni xelmZRvanelobiT eklesia gaZlierda. vici, raoden gafasebT qarTveli

xalxi Tqven da yvela Tqvens miRwevas. gisurvebT saukeTeso janmrTelobas da

Semdgom warmatebebs~.

msoflio patriarqma barTolomeos I-ma gakvirveba da aRtaceba ver damala

im saerTo erovnuli zeimis masStabebisa da misi uwmidesobis mimarT qarTveli

xalxis gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebis gamo da aRniSna: ̀ vxarobT gamouTqmeli

da keTili sixaruliT, rameTu axlodan davinaxeT madli uflisa, gardamosuli

msxmoiare venaxsa zeda saqarTvelos eklesiisa… vxarobT uTvalavi didebuli

taZris mSeneblobis xilviT, patiosani monastrebidan gamomavali asketuri

cxovrebis Zlieri majiscemiT, vxarobT yovelive imiT, rasac TvaliT vxedavT,

gonebiT vwvdebiT da yuriT vismenT. mTeli guliT gisurvebT, rom ufalma

RmerTma samaradisod dagicvaT marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wiaRSi, raTa ar

dainTqaT amqveyniuri cxovrebis boboqari da Semmusvreli zRvis talRebSi~.

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is aRsaydrebidan 30 wlisTavisadmi

miZRvnilma saiubileo dReebma kidev ufro TvalsaCino gaxada misi Rvawli

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis, qarTveli eris winaSe.

QqarTvelma xalxma Tavisi sulieri winamZRolis mimarT kidev erTxel gamoxata

udidesi pativiscema da siyvaruli.

168

* * *

kaTolikos-patriarqi RvTisgan dajildoebulia mravalmxrivi Semo-

qmedebiTi niWiT. misi xelnawerebi qarTuli kaligrafiis saukeTeso nimuSia.

Ggasaocaria, Tu rogor SeZlo uwmidesma da unetaresma patriarqma aseTi

daxvewili, lamazi kaligrafiis SenarCuneba, patriarqi grZnobs unikaluri

qarTuli anbanis TiToeuli aso-niSnis sidiades da mas Tavisi xelweriT kidev

ufro amaRlebulad warmoaCens.

patriarqis mxatvrobiT gatacebis Sesaxeb Zalian cotam icoda. pirvelad

sazogadoebam amis Sesaxeb didubis RvTismSoblis eklesiis moxatvis dros,

1978-1979 wlebSi Seityo. didubis eklesiis moxatvaze muSaobda cnobili

mxatvari aleqsandre (Sura) banZelaZe. morwmuneni xedavdnen, rom uwmidesi da

unetaresi TiTqmis yoveldRe modioda taZarSi. didubis eklesiaSi, istoriuli

gadmocemebis Tanaxmad, jvari dauweria wmida mefe Tamars. uwmidesma da

unetaresma didubis eklesiis kedelze Tamar mefis xati Seqmna. wmida mefe

Tamaris oTx freskas, eklesiis kedelze gamosaxuls, miemata mexuTe _ ilia II-is

mier Sesrulebuli.

saqarTvelos Zvel sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi uwmidesma da unetaresma

dawera wmida didmowame giorgis xati, romelic erT-erTi gamorCeulia

uwmidesisa da unetaresis SemoqmedebaSi. wmida mefe vaxtang gorgaslis portreti

ierusalimis erT-erT qarTul monasterSi yofila, romelic, samwuxarod,

droTa viTarebaSi daikarga. uwmidesma da unetaresma Seqmna wmida mefe vaxtang

gorgaslis xati, romelic xelovnebis, xatweris brwyinvale nimuSia. axovan mefes

erT xelSi droSa uWiravs, meoreSi _ etrati. am STambeWdav portretis cqerisas

Cvens Tvalwin cocxldeba samSoblos Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis

mebrZoli didi mefis Seudrekeli xasiaTi da qristianuli sarwmunoebisaTvis

Tavdadeba. uwmidesisa da unetaresis mier aris Sesrulebuli yovladwmida

samebis xati, romelzec amotvifrulia patriarqis mier Seqmnili locva:

`samebao dausabamoo, mamao, Zeo da sulo wmidao, dideba Senda! yovladwmidao

samebao, Semoqmedo caTa da qveynisao, simarTliTa da mowyalebiTa ganmgebelo

yovelTa dabadebulTao, madloba Senda! Sen gigalobT, Sen gakurTxebT da

maradis Tayvans gcemT Sen, samwmidao, erTarsebao, mamao, Zeo da sulo wmidao,

ufalo uflebaTao, RmerTo ZalTao, da gevedrebiT Sen, siyvarulo da sasoebao

Cveno, gardamoixile zeciT da ixile, da moxede venaxsa amas, da daamtkice ese,

romel daasxa marjvenaman Senman, amin~.

saqarTvelo aris yovladwmida RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyana. deda

RvTisa mfarvelobs da icavs Cvens xalxs. yovladwmida RvTismSoblis saxelobis

mravali eklesia-monasteria saqarTveloSi, Cvenma winaprebma yovladwmida

RvTismSoblis araerTi xati Seqmnes. `Sen xar venaxic~ xom yovladwmida

169

RvTismSoblis sadidebeli himnia. uwmidesisa da unetaresis SemoqmedebaSi

yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xati erT-erTi gamorCeulia. patriarqma sagangebod

Seqmna yovladwmida RvTismSoblis locva: `dedao RvTisav, gardamoixile

Cvenze da gvacxovne Cven! yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo, patrono iveriisao,

brwyinvale varskvlavo ciskrisao, mzeo qveynisao, aRmatebulo angelozTao,

Semweo yovelTa davrdomilTa da SeWirvebulTao, mamisgan uflis dedad

gamorCeulo da mfarvelo orTav soflisao, mowyale TvaliT gardamoixile

Sens wilxvedr qveyanas _ saqarTvelos da uricxvTa codvaTa CvenTa Sendobai

SesTxove yovladwmidasa samebasa _ mamasa, Zesa da sulsa wmidasa. wyalobiTa

SeniTa kvalad aRgvadgine, mSierni daapure, SiSvelni Semose, sapyrobilesa

Sina myofni ganaTavisufle da simarTlis gzaze daayene, uZlurni gankurnen,

mtiralT nugeSiec, WabukTa da yrmaTa simxne miec da sulierad aRamaRle,

asakovanni sibrZniT aRavse da maTi STamomavalni keTildReobiT gaaxare.

dedao mowyaleo, mogvec simtkice WeSmariti rwmenisa, sasoeba, SiSi RvTisa

da Seuorgulebeli siyvaruli eklesiisa da moyvasisa, erTguleba mamulisa da

qarTuli enisa; mogvmadle guli wmida da suli wrfeli, goneba maxvili da

Rrma, sxeuli jansaRi da uvnebeli; ganamtkice ojaxebi qarTvelTa da akurTxe

igini SvilTa simravliTa, aRavse beRelni Cvenni puriTa da venaxebi Cvenni _

yurZniTa, ganamravle mosavali miwisa da monagebi pirutyvTa.

RvTismSobelo dedao, SecTomilni Zeni da asulni iveriisani WeSmaritebis

gzaze daayene, ucxoeTSi myofni qarTvelni samSobloSi mSvidobiT daabrune,

mtradmosulni ucxo tomni Cvens uvneblad Tvisav qveyanasa Sina ganawese, xolo

Cven, mkvidrTa saqarTveloisaTa, mogvec Zali urTierTTanadgomisa, raTa

mwuxareTa Tana vtirodeT da SeveweodeT maT, xolo mxiarulTa Tana vixarodeT.

dedao mariam, eri qarTvelTa, mTavroba da eklesia Cveni sulierad

Sekar da aRdgenilsa mamulsa Sina Cvensa erT ganuyofel samwysod RvTisad

daadgine; taZrad Senda hyav saqarTvelo da xilul da uxilav mterTagan

keTilsurnel iaTa maxviliTave marad daicev. mermeca gevedrebi, raTa Seewio

marTlmadideblobiT aRsrulebulTa CvenTa axlobelTa da winaparTa da sulni

maTni Senis meoxebiT savanesa marTalsa daawese. ganuzomelia wyaloba Seni

Cven zeda, RvTismSobelo dedao, didebasa da madlobas gwiravT Sen, meoxo

Cveno, Sens ferxTa qveS ganvafenT gulTa CvenTa da kandlad aRginTebT

locvasa Cvensa, zecisa sasufevlidan vidre saqarTvelomde, viTarca fiandazsa

dagifenT siyvarulsa Cvensa da mTelisa qveynis yvavilebiT ganvamSvenebT mas.

muxlmodrekiT SegTxovT, ar gangvSorde arca Jamsa mas meored mosvlisa Zisa

Senisasa da sruliad saqarTvelo uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristes marjveniT

daadgine, raTa SenTana vixarebdeT da vadidebdeT dambadebelsa Cvensa, yovelTa

Semwynarebelsa da siyvarulsa dausrulebelsa, mamasa, Zesa da wmidasa sulsa aw

da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde amin~.

170

Tavad didi Teologi unda iyo, rom srulad Seafaso uwmidesisa da

unetaresis mier Seqmnili locvebi... daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikoss erTxel

aRmoxda _ homerosis ena unda gqondes, rom am didi mefis `didni saqmeni~

srulyofilad aRweroo. albaT msgavsi gancda daeufleba nebismier adamians,

vinc moindomebs srulyofilad warmoaCinos sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposisa da biWvinTisa da cxum-

afxazeTis mitropolitis cxovreba da moRvaweoba.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis mier didi siyvaruliTaa dawerili wmida

mefeebis _ daviT winaswarmetyvelisa da solomonis _ xatebi. misi uwmidesobis

SemoqmedebaSi didi adgili ukavia saxelovan winaprebs. Siola RuduSaurs

miuZRvna man rogorc skulpturuli namuSevari, aseve ferweruli tiloc.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis mSoblebis _ natalia kobaiZisa da giorgi SiolaSvilis

_ portretebidan Semogvcqerian Rrmad morwmune, qristiani adamianebi.

XX saukuneSi araerTi gamoCenili mxatvari moRvaweobda saqarTveloSi,

magram kanonikuri xatweris didi tradicia TiTqmis daviwyebuli iyo. uwmidesi

da unetaresi ilia II XX saukuneSi qarTuli kanonikuri xatweris fuZemdebelia.

mas surda, rom saqarTveloSi kvlav aRorZinebuliyo tixruli minanqris,

Weduri xelovnebis istoriuli tradicia. erTi SexedviT, es ganuxorcielebel

keTil survilad Canda, magram, Tu dRes am mxriv warmatebas mivaRwieT, es misi

damsaxurebaa. fokis dedaTa monastris tixruli minanqris skoliT, dedaTa

mier Sesrulebuli namuSevrebiT nebismieri eri iamayebs.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam XIX-XX saukuneebSi

urTulesi periodebi gaiara. avtokefaliis gauqmebisa da egzarqosobis

xanaSi qarTuli wirva-locva, galoba rusulma Secvala. erTeuli adamianebis

Tavganwirvis wyalobiT gadarCa qarTuli sagaloblebis notebi, magram

musikaTmcodneebi maT, rogorc istoriuls, ise aRiqvamdnen da fiqradac

aravis mosdioda, rom es unikaluri qarTuli sagaloblebi kvlav gamoeyenebina.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II patriarqad aRsaydrebis pirveli dReebidanve

Seudga qarTul saeklesio sagaloblebze zrunvas. am saqmeSi mas daexmara

didi musikaluri niWi da gataceba. uwmidesi da unetaresi aRniSnavs: `musika

bavSvobidanve miyvarda, rogorc ambobdnen, saukeTeso smena mqonda. ra Tqma

unda, yvelaze saamo CemTvis qarTuli sagaloblebis mosmenaa. amasTanave,

saaTobiT SemiZlia vijde da vusmino klasikur musikas. gamorCeulad miyvars

mocarti, faliaSvili. RmerTma yvela ers misca siyvarulis madli, maT Soris

_ Cvenc, qarTvelebs, romelic, pirvel rigSi, Cvens uZveles xalxur simRerasa

da saeklesio galobaSi Cans. qarTuli galoba aris siyvaruli uflisadmi,

xolo qarTuli simRera _ siyvaruli moyvasisadmi, musikaSi aJRerebuli da

gadmocemuli~.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, Zveli qarTuli sagaloblebis

171

Sesruleba daiwyo jer sionis, Semdeg _ anCisxatis taZrebSi. amJamad saqarTvelos

yvela eklesia-monasterSi RvTismsaxureba Zveli qarTuli sagaloblebiT

sruldeba. uwmidessa da unetaress ekuTvnis brwyinvale sagaloblebi:

`gixaroden, friad mSveniero~, `modi CemTan, ufalo~, ùfalo ieso qriste~,

`wmidao RmerTo~, `mamao Cveno~, `mrwamsi~, `diptiqi~, `micvalebulTa kvereqsi~,

`Cemi vedreba~, àve maria~, `sanqtusi~.

2007 wlis 4 marts misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis moskovSi oficialuri

vizitis dros macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi samebis sakaTedro taZris

mgalobelTa gundma Seasrula `kirieeleison~. ruseTis patriarqma uwmidesma

aleqsi II-m sTxova patriarqs, iqneb am uZvelesi da ulamazesi sagaloblis

notebi gadmogvceTo. raoden didi iyo misi gaoceba, rodesac Seityo, rom am

sagaloblis avtori ilia II-a.

qarTuli mravalxmiani sagaloblebis dacvasa da ganviTarebas emsaxureba

patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT samebis sakaTedro taZarTan Seqmnili qarTuli

sagaloblebis umaRlesi skola, romelic niWier axalgazrdebs saSualebas

aZlevs, Rrmad daeuflon qarTul galobas.

uwmidesisa da unetaresis Semoqmedebis Seswavla momavalSi specialistebis

saqmea, magram ar SeiZleba ramdenime sityviT ar aRvniSnoT misi saocrad

harmoniuli damokidebuleba bunebasTan. patriarqs uyvars bunebis Svilebi _

cxovelebi, frinvelebi... gansakuTrebiT gatacebulia mcenareebiT. igi yvelas

arigebs, rom unda SeeZloT bunebis silamazis aRqma da misiT tkboba. uwmidess

uyvars bunebasTan ganmartoeba, radgan Rrmad swams, rom ̀ zogjer ganmartoebiTac

unda davtkbeT, raTa yuradReba Sinagan cxovrebaze gadavitanoT da umaRlesi

realobis arseboba vigrZnoT. swored sakuTar TavTan ganmartoebisasaa

SesaZlebeli urTierTobis damyareba RmerTTan, swored amgvari martoobisas

ibadeba didi ideebi~.

patriarqis saxiT saqme gvaqvs universalur pirovnebasTan.

172

* * *

saukuneTa manZilze qarTveli xalxis erTiani erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi

da sulieri cnobiereba iyo is Zala, romelic gansazRvravda Cvens pirovnulobas,

samSoblosadmi Tavdadebasa da siyvaruls. `samSoblo _ esaa ena qarTuli, esaa

suli Cveni didebuli winaprebisa, aTasobiT wmida mowamisa, mefeTa, kaTolikos-

patriarqTa, RirsTa da RmerTSemosilTa mamaTa da dedaTa; esaa Cveni uTvalavi

taZari da monasteri, Cveni siwmideni, xelovneba, arqiteqtura, mwerloba,

esaa Cveni xasiaTi da azrovnebis wesi, esaa Cveni warsuli, awmyo da momavali.

samSoblo Cveni didi imedia. misadmi grZnoba iseve amaRlebuli da saTuTia,

rogorc siyvaruli RvTisadmi~. _ brZanebs uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.

magram misTvis ucxoa saqarTvelos warsulisadmi advokatur-gamosarClebiTi

midgoma, vinaidan kargad icis, rom, Tu eri marto warsuliT cxovrobs, mas

awmyo da momavali ar aqvs; amitom igi afrTxilebs Tavis samwysos: `saerTod,

Zvel kulturul qveynebs, erebsa da xalxebs warsuliT siamaye axasiaTebT.

gamonaklisi arc Cven varT. Zalian xSirad vlaparakobT imis Taobaze, Tu ra

gaakeTes Cvenma winaprebma da es gvaxarebs. ra Tqma unda, es siamaye samarTliania,

magram, upirveles yovlisa, imaze unda vifiqroT, ras vakeTebT, an Cveni momavali

Taoba ras gaakeTebs~.

rogorc XIX saukuneSi ilia WavWavaZes ainteresebda, ra iyo is Zala, ramac

uricxvi mtrebiT garSemortymul erT muWa qarTvelobas SeaZlebina, XIX saukunemde

moeRwia, maSin, rodesac didi qveynebi _ urartu, asureTi, babiloni, egvipte da

sxva imperiebi _ gaqrnen istoriis asparezidan, ilia II-c daaxloebiT amgvarad

svams kiTxvas da TviTonve argumentirebulad pasuxobs: `Cven xSirad vusvamT

sakuTar Tavs kiTxvas, rogor SeZlo qarTvelma erma, romelsac gamudmebuli

brZola uxdeboda Tavis dasacavad, amgvari didebuli kultura Seeqmna? rodis

moicala jvrisa da sveticxovlis, sionisa da gelaTis aSenebisaTvis? rodis

monaxa dro, Seeqmna iseTi xatebi, rogoricaa xaxulis RvTismSobeli, an iseTi

mxatvroba, rogoric atenis, yinwvisis Tu ubisis taZrebs amSvenebs? rodis Seqmna

aseTi mdidari da mravalferovani mwerloba? yvelaferi es iyo RvTis wyalobisa

da qarTveli kacis SemoqmedebiTi geniis Sedegi~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi gansakuTrebuli mokrZalebiTa da mowiwebiT

moixseniebs wmida mefe mirianis, wmida mefe vaxtang gorgaslis, wmida mefe daviT

aRmaSenebelis, wmida Tamaris Rvawls. daviT aRmaSenebels qristes mxedars

uwodebs, romelmac `Tavisi cxovrebiT, Tavisi moRvaweobiT srulyofis kibis

maRal safexurs miaRwia. man icoda, rom adamiani gulsavse mxolod im SemTxvevaSi

SeiZleba iyos, Tu misi guli gaxdeba taZari RvTisa, taZari sulisa wmidisa, rac

mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli, Tu pirovneba igrZnobs, rom miuaxlovda RmerTs~.

uwmidessa da unetaress daviT aRmaSeneblis saxeli marto warsulis

173

gaxsenebisaTvis ki ar sWirdeba, aramed _ awmyosa da momavlisaTvis. patriarqi

Tvlis, rom `yoveli eri, misi bunebidan gamomdinare, erTi garkveuli ideis

ganxorcielebas emsaxureba... qarTuli idea istoriis manZilze da momavalSic

siyvarulis samsaxuria... swored siyvarulis samsaxurma gadaarCina Cveni eri

da qveyana... mivmarTav Cvens xelisuflebas, mTavrobas, parlaments, yvela

politikur moRvawes, rac unda gansxvavebuli azrisa da Sexedulebebisa iyoT,

RvTisa da samSoblos siyvarulis gamo, amoudeqiT erTmaneTs mxarSi~.

saqarTvelom 1977 wlidan dRemde mravali gansacdeli gadaitana.

1978 wlis 14 aprils qarTuli enis dasacavad pirveli arasanqcirebuli

demonstracia gaimarTa rusTavelis gamzirze. 1980-iani wlebidan rusifikaciis

winaaRmdeg brZola erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel brZolaSi gadaizarda.

demonstraciebi, saprotesto aqciebi Cveulebriv movlenad iqca. Tu manamde

sazogadoeba politikuri sakiTxebis mimarT indeferentuli iyo, axla

ukve politizebuli gaxda. erovnuli da politikuri lozungebi erTmaneTs

enacvleboda, mravalricxovani politikuri partiebis programebSi lamazi

ferebiT iyo daxatuli saqarTvelos momavali, magram realuri cxovreba ufro

mkacri da mZime aRmoCnda. 9 aprili, samoqalaqo dapirispireba, inspirirebuli

eTnokonfliqtebi da saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis darRveva

_ yovelive aman sazogadoebaSi erovnuli SesaZleblobebisadmi erTgvari

nihilizmi da momavlisadmi pesimisturi ganwyobileba gamoiwvia.

kaTolkos-patriarqi qarTvel ers moTminebisa da ganvlili cxovrebis

gonebis TvaliT Sefasebisaken mouwodebs. `yvela gonier adamians aRelvebs da

ainteresebs ara marto sakuTari bed-iRbali, aramed Tavisi xalxis da, saerTod,

mTeli msoflios awmyo da momavali, _ aRniSnavs uwmidesi da unetaresi, _

rodesac uyureb mimdinare procesebs, zogjer gulgatexiloba geufleba,

geCveneba, TiTqos kacobrioba sadRac uZiro ufskrulisaken mieqaneba da aRar

arsebobs Zala, romelic moaxloebul tragedias SeaCerebs, magram es ase ar aris.

yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom is, rac kacTaTvis SeuZlebelia, RvTisaTvis

aris SesaZlebeli. oRond mTavaria, swor gzaze vidgeT da sworad vicxovroT~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi amxnevebs Tavis samwysos da axsenebs mas, rom

adamiani RvTis xatad aris Seqmnili da Seswevs unari, daaRwios Tavi sibnelis

wyvdiads da aRadginos gawyvetili kavSiri RmerTTan.

rodesac ecnobi patriarqis mosazrebebs Tanamedrove msoflioSi

mimdinare procesebze, xvdebi, rom misi azrovneba dros yovelTvis uswrebs,

igi kargad icnobs XX saukunis bolosa da XXI saukunis dasawyisis kacobriobis

globalur problemebs. uwmidesis marTebuli SefasebiT, `samwuxarod,

mecnierul-teqnikur ganviTarebasTan erTad xdeba adamianis individualuri

saxis dakargva, ufasurdeba sicocxle, iqmneba iseTi meqanizmebi, romlebic

TiTqos aRar emorCileba adamianis kontrols da, faqtobrivad, misTvis mtrul

174

Zalad SeiZleba iqces. yovelive amis paralelurad kacobrioba ayalibebs

erTian kontrolirebad sistemas, romelsac aucileblad sWirdeba WeSmariti

sarwmunoebiT aRvsili, siyvaruliT, nebisyofiTa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT

dajildoebuli adamianebi, razec naklebad fiqroben~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi gulistkivils gamoTqvams Tanamedrove yofis

realobaze _ Rirseba daikarga, guli gaqvavda, sicocxle gaufasurda. axalgazrda

qarTuli saxelmwifo eZiebs Tavis adgils Tanamedrove msoflioSi. patriarqi

gvafrTxilebs, rom warsulisa da awmyos gaTvaliswinebiT saqarTvelom momavalze

swori arCevani unda gaakeTos. `saqarTvelo aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis,

CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis gzajvaredinze mdebareobs da, bunebrivia, ganicdis

mis gavlenas; magram Cveni Rirseba swored is iqneba, Tu WeSmarit rwmenasa da

erovnul Rirebulebebs SevinarCunebT, sxvaTa gamocdilebas gaviTvaliswinebT

da am yovelives drois moTxovnilebebs SevusabamebT~.

uwmidesi da unetaresi mogviwodebs, rom WeSmarit Tavisuflebaze ver

vilaparakebT iq, sadac zneobriv cxovrebaze amboben uars.

kaTolikos-patriarqi jer kidev XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi fiqrobda, ra

unda moemoqmeda, rom qarTveli xalxi Rirseulad Sexvedroda qristeSobis 2000

wlisTavs. igi xvdeboda mecnierebs, kulturis warmomadgenlebs, sasuliero

pirebs, ainteresebda, ras SesTavazebdnen isini. didi fiqrisa da gansjis Semdeg

uwmidesma da unetaresma gadawyveta TbilisSi yovladwmida samebis saxelobis

sapatriarqo taZris aSenebis Sesaxeb. daiwyo adgilis Zebna. gamoiTqva mosazreba,

taZari vakeSi, yofili studqalaqis teritoriaze aSenebuliyo, magram misma

patriarqma daarwmuna yvela, rom sakaTedro taZris aSeneba avlabarSi, wmida

elias mTaze yvelaze marTebuli iqneboda.

1988 wlis 5 Tebervals Seiqmna sakonkurso komisia uwmidesisa da

unetaresis ilia II-is TavmjdomareobiT, xolo konkursi momavali taZris

proeqtze 1989 wels gamocxadda. sazogadoebis cxoveli interesi gamoiwvia

sakonkursod warmodgenilma proeqtebma. rogorc patriarqi aRniSnavda,

konkursze warmodgenili proeqtebi Cveni sazogadoebis mrwamsis, azrovnebisa

da kulturis gamoxatuleba iyo. konkursze gamarjvebulad gamoacxades

arqiteqtor arCil mindiaSvilis mier Sesrulebuli proeqti. 1997 wlis 9 marts

uwmidesma da unetaresma saqarTvelos mosaxleobas mimarTa: `qristes mier

sayvarelo Cveno suliero Svilebo! rogorc TqvenTvis cnobilia, TbilisSi,

macxovris Sobis 2000 da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

avtokefaliis 1500 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, Sendeba wmida samebis sakaTedro

taZari, romelic aRimarTeba sadideblad RvTisa da Cveni eris sulieri

gaZlierebisa da ganmTlianebisaTvis. taZris mSeneblobaSi monawileoba unda

miiRos sruliad saqarTvelom, yovelma qarTvelma, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma

yvela eris warmomadgenelma~.

175

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-isa da saqarTvelos prezident e.

SevardnaZis erToblivi gadawyvetilebiT, samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis

fondis Tavmjdomared dainiSna b-ni irakli andriaZe. gansakuTrebul sazeimo

viTarebaSi aTasobiT morwmunis, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis, wmida sinodis, samRvdeloebis, saqarTvelos

prezidentis, parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, mecnierebis, kulturis moRvaweebis

TandaswrebiT, sazeimod akurTxes is adgili, sadac taZris saZirkveli unda

gaeWraT. kurTxevis Semdeg gaiWra saZirkvlis adgili, sadac uwmidesisa da

unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT Caawyves Semdegi siwmideni: `qva sinas mTidan,

sadac ufalma mose winaswarmetyvels gadasca aTi mcneba; qva iordanedan,

sadac naTel iRo ufalma; qva nazareTidan, sadac exara deda RvTismSobels

macxovris Soba; qva ierusalimidan, sadac dakrZaluli iyo RvTismSobeli;

miwa ierusalimis jvris qarTvelTa monastridan, aWaridan, goniodan, saidanac

Semovida mociquli andria; qva faravnis tbidan, saidanac SemobrZanda wmida nino;

siwmideebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan, eklesia-monastrebidan~. rogorc

patriarqma ganacxada: `wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris mSenebloba udidesi

mniSvnelobis movlenaa. taZari saqarTveloSi mudam iyo Cveni sulieri da

fizikuri simtkicis gamomxatveli. igi umsubuqebda mZime jvris mtvirTvelobas

qarTvel ers da ganamtkicebda masSi momavlis rwmenas~.

saqarTveloSi im droisTvis arsebul rTul politikur da ekonomikur

pirobebSi gamoCndnen adamianebi, romelnic amtkicebdnen, rom am grandiozuli

masStabis taZris aSenebisaTvis Seuferebeli dro iyo da verc moxerxdeboda

misi aSeneba. aseTi azrebi ara marto eklesiis arakeTilmosurneebs hqondaT,

aramed _ gulwrfel pativismcemlebsac. patriarqi yvelas gasagonad ambobda:

`kacobrioba imyofeba msoflioSi istoriis meore da mesame aTaswleulTa

mijnaze da amitomac qristeSobis 2000 wlisTavis, saqarTvelos ocsaukunovani

qristianobisa da samiaTaswlovani qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis umniSvnelovanesi

TariRis aRsaniSnavad ar moiZebneba ufro didi da yovlismomcveli sulieri da

kulturuli movlena, vidre epoqaluri taZris agebaa~.

taZris mSeneblobaSi Tavisi wvlili Sehqonda mTel saqarTvelos.

yvela adamiani cdilobda, guliT Seewira Tundac mciredi Tanxa. cnobilma

qarTvelma biznesmenma biZina ivaniSvilma Tavis Tavze aiRo taZris mSeneblobis

ZiriTadi dafinanseba. uwmidesi da unetaresi Tavis samuSao dRes yovladwmida

samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZris monaxulebiT iwyebda, xvdeboda muSebs,

mSeneblebs, aZlevda rCeva-darigebebs. mSeneblobis paralelurad mimdinareobda

ezos keTilmowyoba da sul raRac 8 weliwadSi wmida elias mTaze wamoimarTa

grandiozuli kompleqsi, romelic Tbilisis yvela kuTxidan mkafiod Cans.

2004 wlis 23 noembers, giorgobis dResaswaulze, moxda wmida samebis

sakaTedro taZris sazeimo kurTxeva. aTasobiT morwmune, saqarTvelos

176

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodi, samRdeloeba sagangebod

Seikriba yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZarSi. daiguguna wmida

samebis zarebma, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II taZarSi SebrZanda. TiTqos

mRelvarebam moicva igi, magram mainc mtkice nabijiT gaemarTa sakurTxevlisaken.

patriarqi sazeimo wirvisaTvis Seimosa, Tavze is gvirgvini daidga, romelic

Tavis droze exuraT uwmidessa da unetares kirions, leonides, ambrosis,

qristefores, kalistrates, melqisedeks, efremsa da daviTs. patriarqis

es oqros gvirgvini (mitra) xom mowme iyo XVII-XX saukuneebis saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis yvela warmatebisa da warumateblobisa.

uwmidesma da unetaresma sazeimo wirvis Semdeg sazogadoebas

mimarTa: `Tqveno aRmatebulebav, batono prezidento, yovladsamRvdelono

mRvdelmTavarno, Cveno Zvirfaso stumrebo, Zmano da dano. wmida mefe daviT

winaswarmetyveli brZanebs: `did xar Sen, ufalo, da sakvirvel arian saqmeni

Senni~. Cven varT momswreni RvTis erTi saocrebisa: SeWirvebis Jams qarTvelma

xalxma SeZlo aReSenebina didebuli taZari ese wmidisa samebisa, sadideblad

RvTisa da mosaqcevad erisa Cvenisa; magram, mowyale RmerTo, Cven viyaviT

oden mdabalni muSakni Senni. es Sen mogvec gulisxmisyofa da Zala, raTa Sens

sadideblad da Cvenda nugeSad mogverTmia es Sesawiri. aq daiRvreba mravali

cremli sinanulisa da ganeldebian gulni Cvenni codvaTagan momymarni,

ganiwmideba suli Cveni da aRdgeba saqarTveloc mkvdreTiT, viTarca lazare.

iverielno da yovelno mkvidrno saqarTveloisa, ismineT sityvani uflisani:

àha, esera momicemia winaSe kari ganRebuli, romlisa daxSvad vervin SemZlebel

ars~ (gam. 3,8). maS, SevideT kariTa amiT, raTa Rirs viqneT sasufevelisa. scaniT

warmarTTa da iZlieniT, rameTu CvenTan ars RmerTi.

wmidano mefeno, dedofalno, mamamTavarno da kaTolikos-patriarqno

saqarTveloisano, mRvdelmTavarno, mowameno, Rirsno mamano da dedano, ixareT

savaneTsa marTalTasa da Tqveni locviT meoxgveyaviT winaSe RvTisa, raTa

ganmtkicdes CvenSi marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba, siyvaruli da sasoeba,

raTa ufalma mogvaniWos mSvidoba, erToba, sulTa CvenTa cxovneba da didi

wyaloba.

simboluria is faqti, rom macxovris Sobis 2000 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili

da Cveni ocsaukunovani qristianuli istoriis simbolurad gamomxatveli

wmida taZris kuTxeva Sedga saqarTvelos gansakuTrebuli mfarvelis _ wmida

giorgis xsenebis dRes, Sedga im wels, roca Sesrulda 1700 weli misi wamebidan.

SevTxovT RmerTs, yovladwmida RvTismSobels, didmowame giorgis, dalocon

yoveli adamiani, romelmac miiRo monawileoba am wmida taZris mSeneblobaSi.

wmida samebam dalocos, gaaZlieros isini da maTi ojaxebi. RvTivkurTxeulno

iverno da yovelno mkvidrno saqarTveloisano, gilocavT am bednier dRes,

RmerTs ebarebodeT. ixareT orsave sofelsa Sina~.

177

yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZari, uwmidesis sityviT,

`simbolurad aris gamaerTianebeli saqarTvelos, mTeli qarTveli xalxisa.

mTavari is aris, rom qarTvelma erma amiT Seqmna avtoportreti da yvelas

uCvena, Tu Sinaganad rogori Zlieri yofila. es dafaruli iyo CvenSi da

gamovlinda... am taZarma Cvens xalxs Tavisi Tavis rwmena da imedi SesZina~.

msoflios qristianul qveynebSi qristeSobis 2000 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT

araerTi taZari aSenda, magram yovladwmida samebis saxelobis taZari maT

Soris erT-erTi gamorCeulia. mis mnaxvel ucxoelebs pirvelad aseTi kiTxva

uCndebaT _ rogor SeZlo qarTvelma xalxma, misma sulierma winamZRolma,

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri SesaZleblobis pirobebSi iseTi taZris aSeneba,

romelic mravalsaukunovan qarTul tradiciebs eyrdnoba da masStabebiT

namdvilad grandiozulia.

rodesac taZari moiloca msoflio patriarqma, uwmidesma barTolomeos

I-ma, ganacxada, rom es taZari uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis moRvaweobis gvirgvinia.

yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZris sakurTxevelSi, sadac

patriarqis taxti unda iyos, wmida samebis taxtia, patriarqis savarZeli ufro

dablaa. rogorc uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II ganmartavs, ̀ aseTi taxti mxolod

sinas mTaze dgas. iq maRaldasajdomeli sakurTxevelSi aRmosavleTis mxares

aris da masze aravin jdeba, arcerTi patriarqi... aseTi tradicia, sinas mTis

garda, arsad ar aris. ase rom, sinas mTis tradicia damkvidrdeba wmida samebis

did taZarSi~.

patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT daiwyo taZris moxatva...

yovladwmida samebis saxelobis sapatriarqo taZari Cveni drois

qarTvelebis savizito baraTi iqneba momavali TaobebisaTvis.Uuwmidesi da

unetaresi erT-erT interviuSi aRniSnavs: `Zalian xSirad mekiTxebian, ra iyo

mniSvnelovani Cemi patriarqobis periodSi… Cemi patriarqobis dro iyo mziani

Rame. mziani Rame isev grZeldeba da male gaTendeba~.

kaTolikos-patriarqi erT-erT saSobao epistoleSi brZanebs: `suliereba

xalxSi Tavdapirvelad gzas ikvlevs calkeul madlmosil pirovnebaTa wyalobiT,

Semdeg ki es niWi efineba mTel ers, aRamaRlebs mas. amitomac pirovnebis roli

qveynis cxovrebaSi udidesia. arian adamianebi, RvTis niSniT gamorCeulni,

romelnic Tesen siyvaruls, saTnoebas, qmnian, aSeneben, TviTon iwvian da sxvas

gzas unaTeben~

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

aris is pirovneba, romelic sasuliero pirad yofnis 58 da patriarqobis

38 wlis manZilze, saqarTvelos istoriis umZimes da urTules periodSi,

WeSmaritebisaken miuZRvioda Cvens ers. TqvenSi aisaxa yvela is gansacdeli

da warmateba, romelic gadaitana Cvenma mravalWirnaxulma xalxma. Cven didi

178

wyaloba mogvaniWa ufalma RmerTma, rom mogvca SesaZlebloba, misi didi

siwmidisa da siyvarulis frTebqveS Sexiznulebma gadavitanoT epoqis yvela

sirTule da imediT viyoT ganwyobili momavlisadmi.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis,

ilia II-is aRsaydrebidan 32-e, 33-e, 34-e, wlebi sazeimo viTarebaSi aRiniSna

sruliad saqarTveloSi. gansakuTrebiT saintereso iyo patriarqis aRsaydrebis

34-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili dReebi sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis

sax. qarTul universitetsa da saqarTvelos filarmoniis did sakoncerto

darbazSi. 2012 wlis 25 dekembers samebis sakaTedro taZarSi Sesrulda sazeimo

wirva, romelsac eswrebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi. wirvis

dasasruls bolneli episkoposi efremi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis wmida sinodis saxeliT miesalma uwmidessa da unetaress

ilia II-s da usurva mravalJamieri sicocxle. uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposma,

biWvinTvisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma ilia II am sityvebiT daiwyo

Tavisi gamosvla: `madloba ufals, im dReebisaTvis, im ganvlili wlebisaTvis,

romelic me ganvle saqarTvelos eklesiaSi. es iyo 35 weli, wlebi gansacdelisa,

sixarulisa da mwuxarebisa. Zalian xSirad me mekiTxebian, rogor SeiZleba

davaxasiaTo es 35 weli. me mas vuwode `mziani Rame~, magram uflis madli

mainc gvinaTebda. xSirad mekiTxebian _ yvelaze mniSvnelovani ra iyo? yvelaze

mniSvnelovani iyo Cveni locva, vedreba, xalxis erTsulovneba. Cven vaSenebdiT

da vaSenebT taZrebs, monastrebs. es ar aris mTavari, mTavari aris is, rom

Cven avaSeneT kibe miwidan zecisaken da qarTveli xalxi adis am kibiT. minda

gavisxeno Cemi sityva 1977 wlis 25 dekembers sveticxovelSi Tqmuli: `me Tavs

vxri uflisa da Cemi eris winaSe~;… patriarqobis 35 wlis manZilze mqonia

Secdomebic, magram RvTisa da Tqveni siyvaruli mfarvelobda me. RmerTma

mogvces Zala, rom gavagrZeloT Cveni gza sasufevlisaken~.

2012 wlis 25 dekembridan 2013 wlis 14 ianvris CaTvliT sruliad

saqarTvelom didi pativiscemiT aRniSna uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis,

biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis ilia II-is dabadebis 80 da

patriarqad aRsaydrebis 35 wlisTavi. samTavrobo komisias xelmZRvanelobda

parlamentis Tavmjdomare daviT usufaSvili. uwmidessa da unetaresTan

saiubileo TariRebis misalocad TbilisSi CamobrZandnen yovladuwmidesi

msoflio patriarqi barTolomeos I, aleqsandriis sapatriarqodan aqsumis

mTavarepiskoposi petre (jakumedosi), antioqiis sapatriarqodan arqadis

mitropoliti basiliosi, moskovis sapatriarqodan moskovis sapatriarqos

sagareo ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare mitropoliti ilarioni, serbeTis

179

sapatriarqodan uwmidesi irineosi _ serbeTis eklesiis meTauri, saberZneTis

eklesiidan _ maraTonis episkoposi melitoni, bulgareTis eklesiidan _

patriarqis mosaydre varnis mitropoliti kirile, kviprosis eklesiidan

mitropoliti grigoriosi, albaneTis eklesiidan mitropoliti dimitriosi,

poloneTis eklesiidan _ episkoposi paisi, CexeTis eklesiidan _ CexeTisa da

slovakeTis eklesiis meTauri unetaresi qristefore, ruseTis prezidentis

specialuri warmomadgeneli mixeil Svidkoi. 11 ianvars uwmidesi da unetaresi

ilia II stumrebTan erTad daeswro saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida andria

pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qarTul universitetSi gamarTul saerTaSoriso

konferencias. sazeimo RonisZiebis daskvniTi dRe 13 ianvars wmida samebis

sakaTedro taZarSi sadResaswaulo liturgiiT daiwyo. wirvis dasrulebis

Semdeg mis uwmidesobas sityviT mimarTa yovladuwmidesma barTolomeosma:

`Tqveno uwmidesobav, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqo

da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposo, biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis

mitropolito, meufe ilia,

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis saWeTmpyrobelno,

maRalyovladusamRvdeloeso da yovladusamRvdeloeso meufeno,

xelisuflebis warmomadgenelno,

mamano, Zmano da dano, suliero Svilebo!

dideba mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa dRes aRvlenili saRmrTo

liturgiisTvis da ziarebisTvis patiosanTa sisxlTa da xorcTa uflisa

Cvenisa ieso qristesi yovladwmida samebis am taZarSi! ès aris madli, sulis

macxovnebeli, romelic dagvicavs RvTis samarTlian samsjavroze~ _ ambobda

wmida mama Teodore studieli. yovel wirvaze vmonawileobT wmida ziarebis

saidumloSi; igi gvaerTebs Cvens jvarcmul da aRdgomil ufalTan ieso

qristesTan, romelic gankacda da jvars ecva CvenTvis, Cvenisa cxonebisaTvis!

Zmano da suliero Svilno, aq Camosvlisas araviTari sxva mizani ar

gvamoZravebda, garda erTi survilisa, rom dRes TqvenTan erTad vyofiliyaviT

da gagveziarebina saqarTvelos eklesiis sixaruli, rom gagveziarebina piradad

Tqveni sulieri zeimi, Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, sayvarelo

qristesmiero Zmao, saqarTvelos patriarqo, meufe ilia! gvsurda, TqvenTan

erTad gvezeima saqarTvelos eklesiis sapatriarqo taxtze Tqveni aRsaydrebis

35 wlisTavi, romelsac Tqveni dabadebis 80 wlisTavic daemTxva. es sixaruli

aseve msoflio marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sixaruli da dResaswaulicaa, radgan

`Tu evnebian erTsa asosa, mis Tana elmin yovelTa asoTa da Tu ididebin erTi

asoi, mis Tana ixarebden yovelni asoni!~

CamovediT, raTa TqvenTan erTad pativi mivagoT saqarTvelosTvis,

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis, qarTveli samRvdeloebisa da

erisTvis am mniSvnelovan da istoriul movlenas da dRes, yvelani erTad _

180

sasuliero pirebi, politikosebi, ubralo morwmune eri, vufasebT meufe ilias

im did Rvawls, romelic Tavisi marTali gonebiTa da marTali sityvis ZaliT

moimuSaka. am Zalas igi iRebs Cveni saTnomyofeli RvTisgan, uflisa Cvenisa

ieso qristesgan, Tavisi patiosani msaxurebiT RvTisa da eris winaSe. patriarqi

ilia iRwvis msgavsad im wmidanebisa, romlebic Znel da avbediT wlebSi Tavisi

TavdadebiT marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis misabaZ magaliTad iqcnen, radgan

qristes erTgulebi darCnen da Seiqnen WeSmariti aRmsarebelni marTlisa

sarwmunoebisa, romlebic dReniadag Tavs gansacdelSi igdebdnen da mTel Tavis

Zalisxmevasa da sicocxles ufals swiravdnen.

uwmideso da unetareso meufe, Tqven, vinc moTminebasa da gonierebas

uflisagan iRebT, SeZeliT naTlad dagenaxaT rwmenas mowyvetili adamianebis

sisuste da viTarca ieso qristes WeSmaritma mowafem, uflis sityvis qadageba

daiwyeT.

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, Tqven aRasruleT sityvebi wminda

werilisa: àmiT gcnan yovelTa, rom Cemni mowafeni xarT, ukueTu iyuarebodiT

urTierTars~. siyvarulis magaliTs aCvenebT, siyvaruls hqadagebT da

siyvaruliT cxovrobT, locvebs aRavlenT da sibrZnes RvTisas mouxmobT,

romelic swored sibrZnesa da siyvaruls uqadagebs eklesiasa da morwmune

ers. SiSiTa RvTisaiTa Semosilma kargad iciT, rom ufali, Sobili uwinares

yovlisa Jamisa, aris mcodne adamianuri logikisa da mizezi yovlisa sikeTisa.

miuxedavad adamianuri sisustisa da warmavlobisa, yovelive rac Tqven

akeTeT, _ akeTeT rwmeniT, imediTa da moTminebiT. amitom Rrmad pativcemulo

uwmindeso da unetareso patriarqo da qristesmiero Zmao, ilia, gvagondeba

poet konstantinos kavasisis leqsi: `moRalate bolos gamoCndeba, sabolood

midielebi (mtrebi) ukuiqcevian~.

dRes Tqvens mfarvel wmindanTan erTad getyviT: `cocxalia RmerTi,

ufali ZalTai~, RmerTi israelisa da saqarTveloisa, wmindaTa wminda! xolo

sadac RmerTia, iq sasufevelia da yoveli iSvebs da xarobs. da visac RmerTi

swams da adamians RvTis siyvaruliT emsaxureba, moyvass usamarTlod arasodes

moeqceva, mas suli mamaci da RvTis moyvare aqvs!

uwmindeso da unetareso meufeo ilia, Tqven morwmune da sulieri adamiani

xarT; da RvTis samsaxuri, romelic Tqvens eklesiasa da xalxs gauwieT, sakuTari

Tavis msxverplad Sewirvis tolfasia! Tqveni Rvawli Sorsaa im didebisa da

pativisagan, rasac patriarqis tituli moicavs; Tqven SemoifargleT mxolod

locviT, marxviT, eklesiis aRorZinebiT, erSi imedis gaRvivebiT, xatweris

aRorZinebiT, saRmrTo saidumloTa aRsrulebiT, wmida ZRvnis SewirviTa da

Tqveni mravaltanjuli eris nugeSiscemiTa da tkivilis daamebiT! Tqveni

patriarqobis Jams gamravlda Tqveni sulieri Svilebis ricxvic da xarisxic,

rac Zalian gvaxarebs. kidev ufro metad vxarobT, rodesac vxedavT, rom Tqveni

181

SviliSvilebi mogarTmeven Tqvenive keTili Sromis nayofs, romelsac Tqven

kvlav qristes swiravT!

eklesiisadmi Sewiruli Tqveni moRvaweobis nayofi xiluli da naTelia.

mas momavali Taobebi oqros asoebiT Caweren sisxliT morwyuli saqarTvelos

istoriis furclebze, iseve rogorc oqros asoebiT aris Cawerili Tqveni

saxeli Cvens gulebSi.

madlobas mogaxsenebT, uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, im SesaniSnavi

da uricxvi RonisZiebebisTvis, romlebsac Cveni saqarTveloSi Camosvlisas

mudam awyobT. gmadlobT im Tbili da siyvaruliT savse sityvebisaTvis,

romlebsac Cveni misamarTiT gamoTqvamT xolme da rac Cveni pirvelsaydris,

konstantinopolis eklesiis mimarT Tqveni keTilganwyobis ueWveli dasturia.

Cvens or eklesias Soris mudam keTili urTierTdamokidebuleba arsebobda da

igi dResac grZeldeba. orive eklesia amas TvalisCiniviT ufrTxildeba. amasTan,

Cvens or sapatriarqos aerTianebs wmida mociquli andria pirvelwodebuli,

romelmac qristianoba iqadaga ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mis sazRvrebs

gareTac, kavkasiis ufro vrcel regionSi. Cveni ori eklesia aseve dafuZnebulia

im mtkice da Seumusvrel kldeze, romelic aris ufali Cveni ieso qriste. am

erTobis uryevi dadastureba iyo Cveni winamorbedi patriarqis, dimitriosis

mier saqarTvelos eklesiis uZvelesi avtokefaliisa da misi saWeTmpyroblis

sapatriarqo titulis aRiareba. es imisTvis moxda, rom saqarTvelos

amJamindelma da momavalma patriarqebma axali SemarTebiT da ganaxlebuli

energiiT iRvawon marTlmadideblobis gansamtkiceblad qveyanasa zeda!

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, RvTis mowodeba ucvlelia saukuneebis

ganmavlobaSi. amitomaa, rom rwmenis Sesustebisa Tu meryeobis wuTebSi,

gansacdelisa da Znelbedobis Jams Tqven erTi wamiTac ar gadagixveviaT am

mowodebisgan da mTeli am 35 wlis ganmavlobaSi medgrad icavdiT uflis

sityvas!

Cven movaleni varT, rom morwmune ers mivceT mowmoba rwmenisa da

Tavdadebisa, risi magaliTic Tqven gviCveneT, uwmideso da unetareso Zmao!

Tumca jvari uflisa, romelsac Tqven am 35 wlis ganmavlobaSi tvirTulobT,

aRmoCnda tkbili, saamo, sulis ganmwmendeli da sicocxlis momniWebeli!

maS, ganvagrZoT sakuTari jvrebis tvirTva iseTive SemarTebiT, rogorc es

Cvenma didma winaprebma _ konstantinopolisa da saqarTvelos eklesiebis

wmindanebma SeZles saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. gezis mimcemi ki unda iyos Cvenive

eklesiaSi dafuZnebuli tradiciebi, uricxvi wmindanebisa da mowameebis dasi

_ saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebeli wminda mociqulTaswori nino, wminda daviT

garejeli, wminda didmowame qeTevani da sxva uTvalavi wmindanebi, Rirsni

mamani da dedani, romlebmac Tavisi locviTa da sisxliT sikvdili dasTrgunes

da maradiulobaSi gadavidnen.

182

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, rac axla mogaxseneT, es yovelive Tqvenma

saiubileo TariRebma gagvaxsena; es sityvebi STagvagona Tqvenma xangrZlivma

da energiulma saeklesio, samwyemsmTavro, sazogadoebrivma moRvaweobam, aseve

Tqvenma swrafvam marTlmadidebelTa Soris mSvidobianobisa da erTianobisken!

Tqveno unetaresobav, Tqveni naRvawi imis dasturia, rom RmerTi mudam

TqvenTan aris. xolo Tuki Cven Soris siyvaruli da RmerTia, araferma ar unda

SegvaSinos. Zala gveZleva, rom davZlioT yovelive, Tundac is Cveni sulisa

da xorcisTvis mtkivneuli iyos. Tqven aRmoCndiT mamaci mebrZoli yvela am

sferoSi.

vaqebT, vadidebT da vmadlobT ufals yvela im wyalobisaTvis, rac Tqven

giboZaT da vevedrebiT am wminda JamiswirviT, rom janmrTeloba da dRegrZeloba

mianiWos Tqvens unetaresobas, raTa ganagrZoT Tqveni keTili da didi saqme,

amin.

mogarTmevT mcire ZRvens. es aris sanawile xati da sacecxluri~.

saqarTvelos premier-ministrma batonma biZina ivaniSvilma Semdegi

sityvebiT mimarTa uwmidessa da unetaress ilia II-s:

`Cemo sayvarelo xalxo!

Cven dRes gulwrfelad vzeimobT Cveni usayvarlesi patriarqis, uwmidesisa

da unetaresis ilia II-is dabadebidan me-80 da aRsaydrebidan 35-e wlisTavs.

uwmidesma da unetaresma udidesi roli Seasrula saqarTvelos istoriaSi.

im Jams, rodesac qristianul samyaroSi da gansakuTrebiT saqarTveloSi

aTeisturi da qristianobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zalebi mZlavrobdnen, misma

uwmidesobam qarTvel ers gza rom ar dabneoda, swori gezi misca. uaxloes

wlebsac Tu gavixsenebT, rodesac gaurkveveli Zalebi kvlav mZlavrobdnen Cvens

qveyanaSi da utevdnen Cvens tradiciebs, Cvenma patriarqma brZnulad mouwoda

ers, erovnuli tradiciebis gafrTxilebisa da SenarCunebisken. qristianuli

sarwmunoeba Cveni kulturis udidesi nawilia, CvenTvis qristianoba ar aris

mxolod aRmsarebloba.

Cven bednieri eri varT, rom aseTi sulieri mama gvyavs misi uwmidesobis,

Cveni sayvareli patriarqis, ilia II-is saxiT. vulocavT mas am saiubileo

TariRebs da vusurvebT mtkice janmrTelobasa da didxans sicocxles Cveni

eris sakeTildReod!

minda madloba gadavuxado mis yovladuwmidesobas, msoflio patriarqs,

romelmac pativi dagvdo da Cvens patriarqs saiubileo TariRebi miuloca.

dRes Cveni patriarqis iubiles zeimobs mTeli qarTveli eri,zeimobs mTeli

msoflios marTlmadidebeli qristianoba! dRes yvela marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis warmomadgeneli ulocavs Cvens sayvarel patriarqs dabadebidan 80 da

aRsaydrebidan 35-e wlisTavs.

minda yvela stumars didi madloba movaxseno imisaTvis, rom aseTi pativi

183

dasdes Cvens qveyanas da ase daafases Cveni sayvareli patriarqi.

kidev erTxel gilocavT, Tqveno uwmidsobav da unetaresobav, dabadebidan

80 da aRsaydrebidan 35 wlisTavs! gilocavT yvelas, vulocav mTel saqarTvelos!

uwmideso da unetareso meufeo, idRegrZeleT, ixareT, ibedniereT!

mravalJamier!~

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m samadlobel sityvaSi brZana: `Tqveno

yovladuwmidesobav, konstantinopolisa da axali romis mTavarepiskoposo da

msoflio patriarqo, sruliad serbeTis patriarqo, peCis mTavarepiskoposo

da belgrad-karlovacis mitropolito irineos, yovladsamRvdelono

mRvdelmTavarno, Zmano da dano!

dRes aris xseneba wmida daviT winaswarmetyvelisa. SevTxovT mas, rom

mSvidoba, sixaruli da siyvaruli sufevdes saqarTveloSi da msoflioSi.

daviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs: `did xar Sen ufalo da sakvirvel arian

saqmeni Senni~. da dRes Cven vxedavT Cveni eklesiis aRmavlobas, Cveni eklesiis

didebas uflis ZaliTa da uflis madliT. rodesac daviT winaswarmetyvelma

israeli gaamTliana da zeimiT Sedioda ierusalimSi, mTeli eri aqebda mas.

maSin daviTma SeaCera msvleloba da uTxra xalxsa: ùfali mefobs! es me ki ar

vmefob, ufali mefobs!~ da ai, dRes, roca aRiniSneba Cemi saiubileo TariRebi

da amboben, TiTqos me raRac gavakeTe, daviT winaswarmetyvelis sityvebs

vimeoreb: ùfali mefobs da ufali akeTebs yovelives!~

madlobeli var, rom Tqven CamobrZandiT da monawileoba miiReT Cvens

zeimSi. RmerTma mogceT mSvidoba, sixaruli da siyvaruli, amin.

Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav, minda giTxraT: Cven gveamayeba, rom Tqven

brZandebiT konstantinopolis patriarqi da didia Tqveni damsaxureba qveynisa

da msoflios winaSe. niSnad Cveni pativiscemisa da siyvarulisa, mogarTmevT

daviT winaswarmetyvelis xats, romlis dResaswaulic dResaa. es aris minanqarSi

Sesrulebuli xati.

CvenTan ars RmerTi!~

184

boloTqma

1977 wlis 15 noembers TbilisSi dilidan Tovda... SuadRisas mzem

gamoanaTa, magram zamTris sicive mainc igrZnoboda. sionis sapatriarqo

taZarSi xalxmravloba iyo. saqarTvelo daviT V-s emSvidobeboda _ sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs; taZarSi qarTvel samRvdeloebasTan erTad

imyofebodnen stumrebi: yovelTa somexTa patriarq-kaTolikosi vazgen I,

smolenskisa da kaliningradis mitropoliti aleqsi, bulgareTis, rumineTis,

eladis eklesiebis warmomadgenlebi. yvelani Sescqerodnen axalgazrda

mitropolits, romelic wess ugebda gansvenebul patriarqs. uCveulo siamayis

grZnoba dameufla, mxolod mis mSvid, metyvel saxes vxedavdi...

am dRis Semdeg TiTqmis yoveldRe davdiodi sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi,

mindoda kvlav mexila igi, magram cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti, kaTolikos-

patriarqis mosaydre ilia arsad Canda. maSin warmodgenac ar mqonda, Tu ra rTuli

dReebi edga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias, kaTolikos-

patriarqis mosaydre mitropolit ilias. TbilisSi urTierTgamomricxavi

informaciebi vrceldeboda momavali patriarqis vinaobis Taobaze. usazRvro

iyo Cemi sixaruli, rodesac mitropolit ilias sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqad arCevis Sesaxeb Sevityve.

25 dekembers mSrali, susxiani dRe gaTenda. axalgazrdebis jgufi

mcxeTisaken gavemarTeT. yvelas gvindoda axali patriarqis aRsaydrebis

TviTmxilvelebi vyofiliyaviT. sveticxovlis SesasvlelTan gza gadagviRobes

da taZarSi Sesasvleli saSvebi mogvTxoves. axalgazrdebi davifanteT. erTma

ucnobma qalbatonma saSvi momca, madlobis Tqmac ver movaswari...

taZarSi uamrav xalxs moeyara Tavi. gareT darCenilebmac gaarRvies

milicielTa kordoni da taZarSi Semovidnen. axladarCeul patriarqs

sapatriarqo gvirgvini daadges manglelma episkoposma giorgim da alaverdelma

episkoposma grigolma. uCveulo da amaRlebuli ganwyoba sufevda sveticxovelSi,

bevri adamiani sixaruliT tiroda... yvelas undoda es dRe usasrulod

gagrZelebuliyo.

patriarqis aRsaydrebaze mosuli xalxi sionis sapatriarqo taZris

mrevlad iqca. uwmidesma da unetaresma gvaswavla pirveli locvebi, Tu

rogor unda movqceuliyaviT eklesiaSi wirvis dros. misi uwmidesobisa da

unetaresobis wirva-locvani, qadagebani Cveni sulieri simSvidis, uCveulo

energiisa da urTierTsiyvarulis safuZveli gaxda. komunisturi mmarTvelobis

sulis SemxuTveli ideologiis xanaSi rwmenis, siyvarulis maZiebelma

adamianebma axalgazrda patriarqSi dainaxes qristianuli rwmena, saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis didi warsuli da imediani momavali. uwmidesTan erTma

185

Sexvedramac ki bevri adamiani moabruna eklesiisaken. kaTolikos-patriarqma

ilia II-m saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi axali, didi epoqa Seqmna.

XX saukunis saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriaSi gamorCeuli

sidiadiT brwyinavs sami didi patriarqi: uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II,

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. pirveli oris

sicocxle iyo tanjva-wamebis, magram sulieri simtkicis gamoxatuleba, maT

TavianTi mowameobrivi sikvdiliT daamarcxes boroteba da SeuerTdnen

wmindanTa dass. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II 38 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelia... igi sicocxleSive

iqca legendad. `didni saqmeni~, romelnic man aRasrula, mTel epoqas qmnis.

didi adamianis bolomde Secnoba Tanamedroveebs yovelTvis uWirT, momavali

Taobebi ki srulad Seafaseben mis Rvawls: patriarqis Rvawlis srulad warmoCena

momavlis saqmea.

es wigni didi siyvaruliTa da pasuxismgeblobiT iwereboda. avtori

erTmaneTTan ajerebda saarqivo masalebsa da sakuTar mexsierebaSi daunjebul

ambebs... gvindoda cocxlad, sainteresod gadmogveca istoria. Tu rogor

movaxerxeT es, dae, mkiTxvelma gansajos.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis

qarTuli universitetis reqtori,

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori sergo vardosaniZe

Documents

mziani Ramis 38 weli - dl.sangu.edu.gedl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/mzianigame.pdf · patriarqi izrdeboda (deda, mama, Zmebi: Teimurazi, SoTa, viqtori, da _ nino) RvTismsaxurebis yvela wess