leqsikuri sinonimia Zvel qarTulSi (qarTuli oTxTavis ori ...old.press.tsu.ge/GEO/internet/disertaciebi/disertaci.pdf · sinonimia yvela enaSi arsebobs, amdenad, igi universalur kategoriaTa

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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

qarTuli enis instituti

valerian kvantriSvili

leqsikuri sinonimia Zvel qarTulSi

(qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaqciis mixedviT)

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis filologiis

doqtoris (Ph. D.) akademiuri xarisxis

mosapoveblad warmodgenili

d i s e r t a c i a

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori leli baramiZe

Tbilisi

2009

avtoris stili daculia

2

sarCevi

Sesavali........................................................................................................................................................5

Tavi I _ leqsikuri sinonimiis arsi................................................................................8

1. 1. sakiTxis istoriisaTvis..........................................................................................8

1. 2. problemis arsi..............................................................................................................11

1. 3. leqsikur sinonimTa klasifikacia............................................................16

1. 3. 1. absoluturi sinonimiis sakiTxi.................................................................18

1. 4. sityvaTveli da sinonimuri rigis struqtura.............................22

1. 5. leqsikuri sinonimiis sakiTxi Zvel qarTulSi...........................25

Tavi II _ sinonimTa warmoqmnis wyaroebi Zvel qarTulSi

(qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaqciis mixedviT) .............27

2. 1. polisemia da sinonimia (polisemiur leqsemaTa

sinonimuri mwkrivebi)...........................................................................................30

2. 2. sityvaTwarmoebiT miRebuli leqsikur sinonimTa

jgufebi................................................................................................................................43

2. 2. 1. abstraqtuli saxelebiT gadmocemuli sinonimuri

sityvebi................................................................................................................................44

2. 2. 2. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis mqone qonebis saxelebi...................53

2. 2. 3. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis mqone xelobis saxelebi................59

2 .2. 4. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis mqone daniSnulebis

3

saxelebi.................................................................................................................................61

2. 3. mimReobiT gadmocemuli leqsikuri sinonimebi...........................63

2. 3. 1. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis moqmedebiTi gvaris

mimReobebi..........................................................................................................................64

2. 3. 2. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis vnebiTi gvaris mimReobebi...........66

2. 4. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis kompozituri leqsika.....................73

2. 4. 1. qarTuli warmomavlobis kompozitTa Semcveli

sinonimuri rigebi...................................................................................................74

2. 4. 2. berZnul-qarTul kompozitTa Semcveli

sinonimuri wyvilebi............................................................................................80

2. 4. 3. somxur-qarTul kompozitTa Semcveli

sinonimuri wyvilebi............................................................................................82

Tavi III _ nasesxebi leqsika oTxTavis sinonimur

sistemaSi ......................86

3. 1. berZnuli leqsikis Semcveli sinonimuri mwkrivebi....................87

3. 2. iranuli leqsikis Semcveli sinonimuri mwkrivebi......................93

3. 3. ebrauli leqsikis Semcveli sinonimuri mwkrivebi......................96

3. 4. somxuri leqsikis Semcveli sinonimuri mwkrivebi.....................100

Tavi IV _ zmnuri sinonimuri rigebi oTxTavSi..............................................106

4. 1. moZraobis semantikis mqone sinonimur zmnaTa rigebi........107

4. 2. mdgomareobis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi................131

4. 3. sityvis tabu da sinonimia. sicocxlis Sewyvetis

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semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi......................................................134

4. 4. SiSis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi......................................139

4. 5. cemis semantikis aRmniSvneli sinonimuri zmnebi....................143

4. 6. daZaxebis, xmobis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi......145

4. 7. motacebis, moparvis semantikis mqone sinonimuri

zmnebi...................................................................................................................................148

4. 8. xilvis, gamocxadebis semantikis gamomxatveli sinonimuri

zmnebi......................................................................................................................................149

4. 9. dacinvis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi.............................152

4. 10. gatexis, damtvrevis semantikis mqone sinonimuri

zmnebi….................................................................................................................................154

4. 11. Sepyrobis, cixeSi Casmis semantikis Semcveli sinonimuri

zmnebi .................................................................................................................................157

4. 12. dabnevis semantikis gamomxatveli sinonimuri zmnebi...... 158

4. 13. sinonimuri paralelizmi oTxTavis teqstSi................................161

4. 14. sxvadasxva semantikur jgufSi gaerTianebuli sinonimuri

rigis zmnebi..................................................................................................................171

daskvniTi debulebebi...................................................................................................176

gamoyenebuli literatura.......................................................................................181

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Sesavali

Zveli qarTuli enis leqsika mravalmxriv sainteresoa. gansakuTrebiT

mdidari da mravalferovania igi sinonimebiT, romlebic jerovan

yuradRebas da kvlevas saWiroebs, radgan `leqsikuri sinonimika ZiriTadi

saSeni masalaa im mravalsaukunovani Senobisa, romelsac Zveli qarTuli

mwerloba ewodeba~ (56, 59).

leqsikuri sinonimiis Seswavla uaRresad aqtualuria lingvisturi

TvalsazrisiT, radganac sinonimebi samarTlianad iTvleba enis leqsikuri

maragis gamdidrebis wyarod. `sinonimTa mniSvnelobis sxvadasxva elferis

codna, maTi swori gamoyeneba, metyvelebas udides gamomxatvelobiT Zalas

aniWebs da SesaZleblobas qmnis zustad da naTlad gamoixatos azrisa da

grZnobis umciresi niuansebi~ (9, 21).

qarTul lingvistur literaturaSi sinonimiis problemebTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi vrclad da sistemurad aris ganxiluli j.

silagaZis monografiaSi `qarTuli saliteraturo enis leqsikuri

sinonimika~ (56). arsebobs agreTve al. neimanis `qarTul sinonimTa

leqsikoni~, romelic ramdenjerme gamoica da k. jorjanelis `qarTul

sinonimTa vrceli leqsikoni~ (axlad gamocemuli). aRniSnul naSromebSi

warmodgenilia axal qarTul saliteraturo enaSi arsebuli sinonimuri

leqsika.

Zveli qarTuli enis sinonimTa sistema dReisaTvis naklebad

Seswavlilia. sinonimiis calkeul sakiTxebs exebian a. SaniZe, arn. Ciqobava,

S. ZiZiguri, c. kikviZe, b. foCxua, k. danelia, z. WumburiZe, n. WumburiZe, T.

bolqvaZe da sxva avtorebi. Zveli qarTuli enis ZeglebSi dadasturebul

sinonimTa mecnierul Seswavlas uwyobs xels il. abulaZis `Zveli qarTuli

enis leqsikonSi~ damowmebuli sinonimuri leqsika.

warmodgenil naSromSi ganxilulia leqsikuri sinonimia qarTuli

oTxTavis ori Zveli redaqciis masalis safuZvelze; maSasadame, sinonimiis

Seswavla Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikis safuZvelze xorcieldeba.

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sayovelTaod cnobilia oTxTavis uZvelesi redaqciebis mniSvneloba

qarTuli enis istoriisaTvis. oTxTavi warmoadgens qarTuli enis istoriis

uZveles werilobiT wyaros, romelSic daculia rogorc saerToqarTveluri

enidan momdinare arqauli leqsika, ise saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi warmoqmnili

da SeTvisebuli enobrivi erTeulebi.

Cveni amocanaa oTxTavis teqstSi arsebuli sinonimuri leqsikis

warmoCineba da SeZlebisdagvarad maTi sistemuri saxiT ganxilva.

naSromSi garkveuli adgili eTmoba sinonimiis Teoriul sakiTxebs.

naCvenebia, Tu ra gzebiT xdeba sinonimTa warmoqmna da Tematur-

struqturuli TvalsazrisiT gamoyofilia sxvadasxva saxis sinonimuri

jgufebi.

naSromSi ganxilulia polisemiisa da sinonimiis urTierTmimarTebis

sakiTxi; yuradReba gamaxvilebulia sinonimTa warmoSobis iseT wyaroebze,

rogoricaa: sityvaTwarmoeba, sityvaTa sesxeba, sityvis tabu da evfemizmi.

warmoCenili da gaanalizebulia polisemiur leqsemaTa calkeuli

sinonimuri rigebi.

oTxTavis masalaze dayrdnobiT Tanmimdevrulad ganxilulia sityvaT-

warmoebis gziT miRebuli leqsikur-semantikuri jgufebi. kerZod,

sinonimuri mniSvnelobis abstraqtuli, qonebis, uqonlobis, daniSnulebis,

xelobis saxelebi, sxvadasxva saxis mimReoba da kompoziciiT warmoqmnili

sinonimuri erTeulebi.

oTxTavis sinonimTa sistemaSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs nasesxeb

leqsikas. calkea msjeloba berZnuli, ebrauli, somxuri, iranuli enebidan

Semosuli sityvebisa da maTi Sesatyvisi qarTuli eqvivalentebis Sesaxeb.

vexebiT sinonimTa warmoqmnis iseT gzas, rogoricaa sityvis tabu da

evfemizmi. mimovixilavT tabuirebul sityvebs da maTTan sinonimurad

monacvle evfemistur erTeulebs.

gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva zmnuri sinonimebi,

romlebic ganawilebulia sxvadasxva saxis semantikur jgufebSi. radgan

masalis siuxve maTi srulad ganxilvis SesaZleblobas ar iZleva, amitom

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naSromSi warmoCenilia mxolod nawili im masalisa, romelSic erTiandeba

ama Tu im sinonimuri rigis zmnebi.

calke ganvixilavT saxarebis teqstis TiToeul redaqciaSi sinonimebis

paralelurad xmarebis SemTxvevebs. gamovlenilia iseTi sinonimuri

wyvilebi, romlebic erTi konteqstis farglebSi ixmarebian da mravalmxriv

warmoaCenen sityvis mniSvnelobas.

sailustracio masalas ZiriTadad vimowmebT qarTuli oTxTavis Zveli

redaqciebidan (jruW-parxlis _ DE da adiSis _ C), romelsac SevudareT

oTxTavis ori bolo (eqvTime mTawmidlis _ FG; giorgi mTawmidlis _ HIK)

redaqcia da xanmeti saxarebis fragmentebi. garkveuli msjeloba aris

agreTve aRniSnul redaqciebSi arsebuli gansxvavebuli sinonimuri

leqsikis Sesaxeb.

warmoCenili masala Sepirispirebulia berZnul teqstTan da

gamovlenilia is berZnuli eqvivalentebi, romlebic qarTul leqsemebs

esadagebian.

masala Semdegi principiTaa SerCeuli: daZebnilia TiToeuli

sinonimuri erTeulis gamoyenebis sxvadasxva SemTxveva da gamovlenilia

iseTi wyvilebi, sadac redaqciaTa (jruW-parxlis _ DE da adiSis _ C)

Sepirispirebisas sinonimuri mimarTeba dasturdeba. agreTve

gaTvaliswinebulia TiToeul redaqciaSi sinonimur odenobaTa xmarebis

SemTxvevebi. masalis siuxvis gamo gamovlenili sinonimur sityvaTa

Semcveli magaliTebidan mogvyavs mxolod TiTo nimuSi, iSviaTad ori,

analogiur formebs warmovadgenT mxolod adgilis (Tavisa da muxlis)

miTiTebiT.

8

Tavi I

leqsikuri sinonimiis arsi

1.1. sakiTxis istoriisaTvis. sinonimia enis leqsikur-semantikuri

sistemis Semadgeneli nawilia, romlis arsi mniSvnelobaTa srul an

nawilobriv damTxvevaSi mdgomareobs. sinonimuri mimarTebebi enis mTel

leqsikur sistemas gasdevs. `ganviTarebuli saliteraturo ena warmoadgens

im met-naklebad sinonimuri mwkrivebis gamoxatvis sakmaod rTul sistemas,

romlebic ase Tu ise urTierTkavSirSi arian~ (167, 121).

moZRvreba leqsikuri sinonimikis Sesaxeb didi xnis win warmoiSva. igi

sxvadasxvagvar lingvistur kvlevaTa sagans warmoadgens.

sinonimebiT, maTi urTierTCanacvlebiT filosofosebi da mecnier-

lingvistebi jer kidev manam iyvnen dainteresebulni, sanam sinonimia

lingvistikis erT-erT mniSvnelovan problemad iqceoda. kerZod, sinonimebi

pirvelad naxsenebi aqvs sofist prodikoss (daaxl. 24 s.-is win), protagoras

moswavlesa da sokrates maswavlebels. misi Cvenamde mouRweveli traqtati

fragmentulad aRdgeba platonis, stoikosebis miTiTebebis, agreTve gviani

antikuri periodisa da bizantiis leqsikografTa traqtatebisa da

leqsikonebis mixedviT.

swored Zvelma berZnebma daarqves saxeli am movlenas (berZn. synonymía _

Tanamosaxeleoba). isini Tvlidnen, rom sinonimebSia enis simdidre,

sityvebiT gadmocemuli azris siuxve da mravalferovneba.

Zveli romaeli mecnierebi miuTiTebdnen sinonimebs Soris ara marto

msgavsebaze, aramed gansxvavebazec (sinonimebis Sesaxeb antikur avtorTa

msjelobani ix. wignSi `Античные теории языка и стиля~ 1930, 33, 77, 177, 206, 215

da sxv.).

aris cnobebi aziur saxelmwifoTa teritoriaze sinonimTa leqsikonebis

arsebobis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, CineTSi aseTi leqsikoni I s.-Si hqondaT,

indoeTSi _ XI-XII s.s.-idan.

9

sinonimiis kvleva lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT safrangeTSi daiwyo. 1718

wels gamovida abat Jiraris Sroma `franguli enis marTlwera sxvadasxva

sityviT, romlebic miiCnevian sinonimebad~ (130, 4). XVIII saukunis bolos

sinonimur leqsikonTa Sedgena rusma enaTmecnierebmac daiwyes. 1783 wels

gamoica d. i. fonvizinis naSromi `Опыт российского сословника~, romelSic

avtorma sinonimTa 32 jgufi gamoyo. 1840 wels gamovida galiCis mier

Sedgenili leqsikoni, romelic sinonimTa 226 jgufs aerTianebda (130, 8).

dReisaTvis rusul lingvistikaSi sinonimiis Teoriuli sakiTxebi

safuZvlianad aris Seswavlili. mas mravali Teoriuli statia mieZRvna,

sinonimebi detalurad aris aRwerili asobiT leqsikonSi (ix. mag., vrceli

bibliografia mxolod rusuli enis sinonimikis Sesaxeb krebulebSi: `Очерки

по синонимике современного русского литературного языка~, 1966; `Синонимы русского

языка и их особенности~, 1972). ufro gviandeli praqtikuli naSromebidan

aRsaniSnavia i. apresianis saerTo redaqciiT gamoqveynebuli `Новый

объяснителъный словаръ синонимов русского языка~, 1997.

qarTul enaTmecnierebaSi sulxan-saba orbelianis `sityvis konaSi~ aris

pirveli cda sityvebis sinonimebad dajgufebisa da qarTul sinonimTa

Seswavlac am didi leqsikografis naSromiT iRebs saTaves (56, 9). sabas

leqsikonSi sityvebi gaerTianebulia garkveuli niSnis mixedviT. igi Tavs

uyris saerTo semantikuri velis, Tematuri jgufis an sinonimuri rigis

sityvebs. àseTi klasifikacia nakarnaxevia leqsikografis enobrivi alRoTi

da ara romelime lingvistur moZRvrebaze dayrdnobiT, an misi gavleniT~

(13, 30). sinonimuri rigis TavSi gamoiyofa dominanti erTeuli, romelic

sabasTvis zogadabstraqtuli, mTeli sinonimuri rigisaTvis saerTo

mniSvnelobiT, emociuri da stilisturi elferis neitralurobiT,

gamoyenebis meti sixSiriT xasiaTdeba (56, 8). `sityvis konaSi~ sinonimuri

rigebis garda wyvilebic aris warmodgenili, romlebsac qmnis an

saliteraturo enaSi arsebuli ori sityva, an saliteraturo sityva da sxva

enidan nasesxebi erTeuli, an kidev ori sxvadasxva dialeqturi odenoba.

magram unda aRiniSnos, rom sabas leqsikur sinonimTa Sesaxeb raime

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specialuri Teoriuli debuleba ar Camouyalibebia. leqsikonSi

warmodgenili sinonimuri wyvilebi mxolod praqtikuli mizniT gamoiyeneba

da saleqsikono erTeulebis ganmarteba-dazustebas emsaxureba (56, 8).

sinonimuri mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebze pirveli dakvirveba n.

CubinaSvils ekuTvnis. manve miuTiTa sinonimTa warmoqmnis erT-erT wyaroze,

romelsac qmnis gansxvaveba saliteraturo enasa da dialeqtur metyvelebas

Soris: `titveli da SiSveli arian sinonimni... titveli ixmareba saubris

enasa Sina, xolo SiSveli _ werasa Sina~ (92, 22; 99).

qarTul sinonimTa semantikur bunebaze pirveli dakvirvebani xdeba XIX

saukunis bolos da XX saukunis dasawyisSi. am mxriv sainteresoa p.

kvicariZis mosazreba qarTul sinonimTa relatiur bunebaze (36), aseve, s.

xundaZis msjeloba (102), Tumca dRevandeli lingvisturi SexedulebebiT

mcdari, magram im droisaTvis sakmaod progresuli.

XX saukunis dasawyisidan qarTul enaTmecnierebaSi sinonimiis

calkeuli sakiTxebi gamovlenili da gaSuqebulia n. maris, a. SaniZis, a.

Ciqobavas SromebSi.

leqsikuri sinonimiis Teoriuli sakiTxebis mecnierulad Seswavlas

eZRvneba S. ZiZiguris Sromebi: `cneba sinonimuri paralelizmisa~ (94) da

`sityvis sesxeba~ (95). am naSromebSi sagangebo msjelobaa sinonimTa

warmoqmnis gzebsa da meTodebze. yuradReba gansakuTrebiT gamaxvilebulia

nasesxeb leqsikur erTeulebze, romlebic sinonimur wyvilebs qmnian

msesxebeli enis erTeulebTan mimarTebaSi.

1951 wels ki gamoica a. neimanis `qarTul sinonimTa leqsikoni~,

romelsac mohyva 1961 wels meore da 1978 wels mesame gamocema. leqsikonis

agebis princips mravali xarvezi da araerTgvarovneba axlda Tan, rac

araerTxel aRiniSna: (37; 206-209; 38, 195-197; 106, 253-263). leqsikonis Sesaval

nawilSi msjelobaa enaSi sinonimTa warmoSobis gzebze, sinonimebTan

dakavSirebul calkeul Teoriul sakiTxebze da klasifikaciis principebze.

winasityvaobaSi faqtobrivad gansazRvrulia is struqturuli

Taviseburebani, rac leqsikonis agebis princips udevs safuZvlad.

leqsikonSi sityvebi dajgufebulia absolutur da relatiur sinonimebad,

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magram, rogorc aRniSnaven, ar Cans semantikur moculobaTa rogori

toloba an niuansobrivi sxvaoba aris sakmarisi maT gansasxvaveblad (56, 22).

Semdgomi periodis qarTul mecnierebaSi sinonimiis sakiTxebisadmi

interesi TandaTan Rvivdeba. sinonimiis problemebs mieZRvna b. foCxuas, al.

Rlontis, z. WumburiZis, el. babunaSvilis, r. RambaSiZis, b. jorbenaZis,

c. kikviZis, k. danelias, k. jorjanelis, S. afridoniZis, m. abalakis, T.

bolqvaZis, r. gersamias da sxvaTa Sromebi.

saliteraturo enaSi leqsikuri sinonimiis sakiTxebia gaanalizebuli j.

silagaZis monografiaSi `qarTuli saliteraturo enis leqsikuri

sinonimika~, romelSic avtori mimoixilavs sinonimiis sakvanZo sakiTxebs

Zveli da axali qarTuli enis Zeglebidan moxmobil sailustracio

masalebze dayrdnobiT.

am ukanasknel periodSi gamoica k. jorjanelis `qarTul sinonimTa

vrceli leqsikoni~, romlis Sesaval nawilSi garkveuli adgili eTmoba

sinonimTa Teoriul sakiTxebze msjelobas. kritikuladaa Sefasebuli

absoluturi sinonimiis problema. leqsikonSi vrclad aris warmodgenili

axal qarTul enaSi arsebuli sinonimuri sityvebi (107).

Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikur sistemaSi sinonimTa gamovlenis

TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia il. abulaZis `Zveli qarTuli

enis leqsikoni~, romelSiac faqtobrivad Tavmoyrilia paraleluri

redaqciebidan damowmebuli ganmartebisaTvis moxmobili dokumentacia.

umravles SemTxvevaSi gansamartavi sityvis mniSvneloba paralelur

redaqciaTa sinonimuri leqsikiTaa dadgenili. radgan gansamartavi

sityvisaTvis avtori Cveulebriv masalas mravali wyarodan imowmebs, xolo

TiToeuli wyaro umetesad ramdenime redaqciiTaa warmodgenili, amitom

gansamartavi sityvis gverdiT xSirad Tavs iyris ramdenime sityva. maTgan

zogi gansamartavi sityvis sinonimia (6, 06).

1.2. problemis arsi. yvela enobrivi movlena, rogorc cnobilia, orga-

nizebul sistemas warmoadgens (157, 106; 120, 206; 85, 96; 90, 226; 114, 61...) da misi

Semadgeneli elementebis mowesrigebulobiT xasiaTdeba.

12

enis erT-erT fundamentur Tvisebad iTvleba ierarqiuloba, romelic

mTel enobriv sistemas moicavs (156, 62; 134, 73). ierarqiuloba ki gulisxmobs

enobrivi sistemis qvesistemebad dayofas. erT-erTi aseTi sistemaa leqsikur-

semantikuri sistema (123, 186). leqsikur-semantikuri sistemac, Tavis mxriv,

damoukidebel qvesistemebad nawevrdeba da mis erT-erT Semadgenel nawils

sinonimuri qvesistema warmoadgens (1, 54) sinonimebi xasiaTdeba erTi

kategoriis niSnebs Soris urTierTmimarTebiT, romelic gulisxmobs erTi

leqsikuri mniSvnelobis erTze meti erTeuliT gamoxatvis SesaZleblobas

da `warmoqmnis met-naklebad erTmaneTze damokidebuli enobrivi

gamoxatulebis sinonimur saSualebaTa rTul sistemas~ (167, 121).

sinonimia yvela enaSi arsebobs, amdenad, igi universalur kategoriaTa

ricxvs ganekuTvneba.

sinonimia enobriv niSanTan kavSirSi ganixileba. enobriv niSans ki

axasiaTebs asimetriuli dualizmi, anu niSnisa da mniSvnelobis sazRvrebi

erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. erT niSans SeiZleba hqondes ramdenime mniSvneloba

(rac omonimiaa) da erTi mniSvneloba SeiZleba gadmoices sxvadasxva niSniT

(es sinonimiaa). maSasadame, omonimiis SemTxvevaSi ganmsazRvrelia

gamoxatuleba, xolo sinonimiis SemTxvevaSi ki Sinaarsi (15, 366). sinonimia

aRsaniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris arsebuli mimarTebis erT-erTi saxea (47,

31) da ara sagansa da saxels Soris mimarTebisa, radganac ènobrivi niSani

aerTianebs ara sagansa da saxels, aramed cnebasa da mis akustikur xats~

(157, 99)1.

sinonimiis Seswavlis istoria or saukuneze met xans moicavs, magram

enaTmecnierebs mainc ar aqvT SemuSavebuli sinonimTa gansazRvrebis erTiani

meTodi. maTi debulebebi ZiriTadad gansxvavdebian imis mixedviT, Tu

`leqsikuri erTeulebis ra niSanTa Sedarebaa aRebuli kriteriumad

1 martivia viTareba, roca erT aRsaniSns erTi aRmniSvneli efardeba, amgvari

`calsaxa mimarTeba~ idealurad iTvleba, radgan xSirad sxvadasxva aRmniSvneliT

erTi da igive mniSvneloba gamoixateba, an piriqiT, sxvadasxva mniSvnelobas erTi

aRmniSvneli aqvs. pirveli `sinonimiis~ saxeliT aris cnobili, meore - òmonimiis~.

13

sinonimebis dasadgenad~ (56, 23). Tanamedrove lingvistTa gansazRvrebebi

sinonimebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxvagvaria da erTgvarovnebiT ar xasiaTdeba.

aRvniSnavT zogierT maTgans:

1. sinonimebi identuri an msgavsi cnebis aRmniSvneli sityvebia (o.

axmanova, v. vinogradovi, a. grigorieva, a. evgeneva...).

2. sinonimebi sinamdvilis erTsa da imave faqts aRniSnaven, an gamoyofen

dasaxelebuli sagnis sxvadasxva mxares (a. reformatski, n. Sanski...).

3. sinonimebis saxelwodebas atareben sityvebi, romelTac SeswevT

unari azrobrivad daaxloebul konteqstebSi Secvalon erTmaneTi SesamCnevi

gansxvavebis gareSe (a. bulaxovski, l. kliueva da sxv.).

4. sinonimebis gansazRvrebis mTavar kriteriumad unda CaiTvalos

semantikuri siaxlove da urTierTmonacvleoba, romelic ganasxvavebs mas

enis sistemis sxva leqsikuri movlenebisagan (g. galavanova).

5. sinonimebi imgvari sityvebia, romlebic enacvlebian minimalur

distribuciul modelSi (e. i. sintagmaSi, umokles SesityvebaSi) (v.

zvegincevi, i. apresiani...).

6. leqsikuri sinonimebi erTi da imave distribuciuli klasis iseTi

leqsemebia, romelTa leqsikur mniSvnelobebs sakmarisad didi saerTo

nawili aqvT; isini msgavsi an identuri semantebiT aRiwereba (T. gamyreliZe).

7. sinonimebi iseTi sityvebia, romlebic erTmaneTs emTxvevian referen-

cialuri mniSvnelobebiT, magram gansxvavdebian diferencialuri

mniSvnelobebiT, e. i. konceptualuri TvalsazrisiT (g. nebieriZe).

zemodasaxelebul ganmartebaTagan pirvel or SemTxvevaSi sinonimiis

ganmsazRvrel mTavar kriteriumad miCneulia sagnobriv-cnebiTi faqtori.

magram praqtikulad misi realizacia rTuldeba imiT, rom `cneba, Sedis ra

enobrivi struqturis Semadgenel elementad sityvis leqsikur

mniSvnelobaSi, ukve aRar warmoadgens logikur kategorias da iqceva

lingvistur movlenad~ (131, 343). amdenad, sityvis mniSvneloba da cneba

igiveobrivi ar aris. cneba, romelic safuZvlad udevs Sesabamis sityvebs, ar

amowuravs sityvis mniSvnelobis Sinaarss (2, 16). m. abalakis TvalsazrisiT,

beberi da daCaCanakebuli sinonimebad ver CaiTvlebian, radganac am sityvebs

14

safuZvlad sxvadasxva cnebebi udevs. beberi asakze miuTiTebs,

daCaCanakebuli ki fizikur mdgomareobaze (2, 16-18).

zemoTqmulidan naTlad Cans, rom sityvaTa sinonimurobis dasadgenad

marto sagnobriv-cnebiTi faqtori ar kmara. Sesadareblad aRebuli

erTnairi mniSvnelobis sityvebi msgavsi unda iyos nominaciuri funqciiT,

anu denotatiuri mniSvnelobis mixedviT (110, 85). amitomac im semantikur-

niuansobrivi sxvaobis asaxsnelad da dasazusteblad, romelic identur

sityvebSi arsebobs, xSirad mimarTaven konteqsts da mkvlevarTa erTi

nawili mas sinonimurobis dadgenis erT-erT sando kriteriumad miiCnevs (a.

bulaxovski, l. kliueva...). lingvistikaSi amgvar meTods `substituciurs~

uwodeben.2 b. foCxua SeniSnavs: konteqsti mxolod leqsikuri sintagmatikis

faqtia da `leqsikuri sintagmatikis resursebiT sinonimiis sakiTxebi ver

wydeba~ (67, 32).

2 enaTmecnierebi am meTodiT gamoyofil sinonimebs aRniSnaven Semdegi

saxelwodebebiT: ,,Tematuri sinonimebi~ (149, 65), ,,konteqstualuri sinonimebi~ (137,

5), ,,stilistikuri sinonimebi~ (119, 53). Sanski aRniSnavs, rom konteqstualuri

sinonimebi ama Tu im sityvis individualur-stilistikur gamoyenebas gulisxmobs

(163, 67). v. boguslavski konteqstualur sinonimebSi vrclad ganixilavs saxe-

gvarovnul sityvebs, okazionalur sinonimebs, logikurad Sepirobebul

konteqstualurad monacvle erTeulebs, mudmiv metaforebs da acxadebs:

àraviTari safuZveli ar arsebobs imisaTvis, rom amgvari sityvebi ganvixiloT

rogorc sinonimurni~ (118, 154-183) a. evgenevas miTiTebiT, zemoCamoTvlili

terminebis qveS moiazreba ara sinonimebi, aramed variaciebi (130, 12). elize rizeli

mTel paragrafs uTmobs `konteqstualur sinonimebs~, magram igi xazs usvams am

terminis pirobiTobas da mas winwklebSi xmarobs (106, 262). konteqstualuri

sinonimebis daSveba rom gamarTlebuli iyos, pirvel rigSi aseTebad

nacvalsaxelebi unda miviCnioT. nacvalsaxelebi zogadi mniSvnelobis sityvaa. igi

mxolod pirs, ricxvs (da zogjer sqess) aRniSnavs da enacvleba yvela Sesabamis

pirs, ricxvs da sqess, amitom bulaxovskis igi sababs aZlevs mas ùniversaluri

sinonimuri sityva~ uwodos (14, 45).

15

sinonimebi erTmaneTisagan ganirCevian stilistikur-eqspresiuli

elferis mixedviTac; konteqstSi Canacvlebis kriteriumi aq SeiZleba iqnas

gamoyenebuli leqsemaTa sinonimurobis dasadgenad: magram qarTulSi tiris,

icremleba, qviTinebs, slukunebs sityvebi, miuxedavad maTi sagnobrivi

erTianobisa, konteqstSi àntonimuric~ ki SeiZleba aRmoCndes (41, 108).

gasaTvaliswinebelia i. apresianis Tvalsazrisic sinonimTa konteqstSi

Canacvlebis SezRudulobaze. igi miuTiTebs, rom ùrTierTmonacvleoba ar

warmoadgens saboloo kriteriums~ (111, 220). mkvlevari ufro realurad

miiCnevs konteqstSi sinonimTa nawilobriv Canacvlebas da acxadebs, rom

`nawilobrivi urTierTmonacvleoba iTvleba sinonimebis aucilebel

Tvisebad~ (111, 219).

enaTmecnierTa erTi nawili sityvaTa sinonimurobis dadgenis erT-erT

kriteriumad leqsikur erTeulTa distribuciuli modelebis Sedarebas

miiCnevs.3 distribuciul modelSi sinonimur wyvils SeiZleba bevri saerTo

leqsema aRmoaCndes, magram bevric am modelis miRma darCeba, radgan

SesaZloa man ver SeZlos Sesityveba wyvilTagan romelimesTan. qarTulSi

SiSveli da titveli sinonimebia, romelTac esityveba axalgazrda, bavSvi,

kani... magram rogoricaa iseTi sityvebi: azri, idea, fantazia, xmali

ukavSirdeba mxolod `SiSvels~. `titveli~ ki msgavs cnebebs ver esityveba

(56, 29). amdenad, mxolod distribuciul meTodze dayrdnobiT sinonimurobis

ganmarteba isev calmxrivi rCeba. distribucia ufro farTo cnebaa, vidre

sityvis mniSvneloba da sinonimia, amitom aRniSnuli meTodiT kvleva

scildeba semasiologiis farglebs da sityvaTa Soris morfologiur da

sintaqsur damokidebulebaTa sferoSi gadadis (56, 29).

g. nebieriZe svams sakiTxs, Tu sad gvxvdeba sinonimia, referencialur

Tu diferencialur mniSvnelobaTa doneze, magaliTad: `tuCi~ da `bage~ erT

3 enobrivi TvalsazrisiT distribucia niSnavs mocemuli elementebis

poziciebis mimarTebas sxva elementebTan. es ki gulisxmobs yvela im poziciis

gaTvaliswinebas da analizs, sadac es erTeulebi sityvaTSeerTebaSi arian

mocemuli (56, 28).

16

referents miemarTebian, magram gansxvavdebian diferencialuri

mniSvnelobiT, semantikuri komponentebiT, sintagmaSi araTanabari azrobrivi

SekavSirebiT, faqtobrivad distribuciuli modeliT. dasaSvebia `doqis

tuCi~, `bage-s~ Canacvleba ki SeuZlebelia. diferencialuri mniSvneloba

referentis sxvadasxvagvar daxasiaTebas gulisxmobs (47, 226-227), `TviT

referentis igiveoba aris sinonimiis aucilebeli, magram ara sakmarisi

piroba~ (5, 283).

sinonimiis kvlevis zemoganxiluli meTodebidan gamomdinare da Cven

mier Seswavlili masalis safuZvelze miviCnevT: sinonimebad iTvleba msgavsi

mniSvnelobis leqsikuri erTeulebi an maTi ekvivalenturi myari

Sesityvebebi, romlebic miemarTebian erT cnebas da aqvT konteqstebSi

nawilobrivi an sruli urTierTmonacvleobis unari. sinonimebis gamoyofa

efuZneba diferencialur niSnebsac, romlebic ganarCevs maT erTmaneTisagan

azrobrivi (inteleqtualuri), stilisturi (formaluri), Tu eqspresiul-

emociuri niSnis mixedviT.

1.3. leqsikur sinonimTa klasifikacia. lingvistur literaturaSi

sinonim-Ta sxvadasxvagvri klasifikacia aris warmodgenili (s. bereJani, r.

budagovi, l. kliueva, m. palevskaia da sxv.). semantikuri xasiaTisa da

stilisturi elferis safuZvelze xdeba sinonimTa klasifikacia. gamoiyofa

SedarebiT zogadi sami jgufi: 1. s e m a n t i k u r i (cnebiTi,

ideografiuli) sinonimebi; 2. s t i l i s t u r i sinonimebi;

3. s e m a n t i k u r – s t i l i s t u r i sinonimebi.

1. semantikuri sinonimebi stilisturad neitraluri sinonimebia,

romlebic dakavSirebuli arian erTi da imave mniSvnelobis niuansTa

diferenciaciasTan, (123, 69). semantikuri sinonimebi erTmaneTisagan

hiposemebiT gansxvavdeba. kerZod, es SeiZleba iyos gansxvaveba aRsaniSni

cnebis moculobaSi, Tvisebis gamovlenis xarisxSi da sxv. (15, 366). 2.

stilisturi sinonimebi iseTi sityvebia, romlebic mniSvnelobiT igiveobrivi

arian da erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian konotaciiT _ dadebiTi an

uaryofiTi SefasebiT, eqspresiul-emociuri SinaarsiT an stilisturi

elferiT (15, 336). 3. semantikur-stilisturi sinonimebi _ es aris sinonimebi,

17

romlebic obieqturi sinamdvilis erTsa da imave movlenas aRniSnaven da

gansxvavdebian ara marto stilisturi elferiT, aramed TiToeuli

maTganisaTvis saerTo mniSvnelobis niuansebiTac. àdamianis azri yovelTvis

meryeobs logikur aRqmasa da emociebs Soris. Cven an SevimecnebT an

SevigrZnobT. yvelaze xSirad Cveni azri yalibdeba erTdroulad logikuri

ideisagan da grZnobisagan... es ori elementi SeiZleba sruliad

gansxvavebuli proporciebiT gaerTiandes...~ (113, 182). S. balis am

gamonaTqvamiT aixsneba semantikur-stilisturi sinonimebis buneba.

mniSvnelobaTa siaxlovis mixedviT qarTveli enaTmecnierebi sinonimebis

or saxeobas gamoyofen: absolutur da relatiurs (al. neimani, al. Rlonti)

an dubletebs da kvazisinonimebs (b. foCxua, S. afridoniZe). rusi mkvlevrebi

maT sxvadasxvagvari saxelwodebebiT ixsenieben: sruli_nawilobrivi (s.

bereJani, r. budagovi), zusti, arazusti sinonimebi, kvazisinonimebi (i.

apresiani) da a. S.

qarTul sinonimTa relatiur bunebaze Tavdapirvelad p. kvicariZem

gaamaxvila yuradReba da aRniSna: `TviTeuls sxvadasxva elferi aqvs~ (36,

51). amgvar sinonimTa aRsaniSnavad b. foCxua `kvazisinonimebs~ xmarobs da

miuTiTebs, rom `maTi mniSvnelobebi erTmaneTs ar faravs~ (67, 292).

mkvlevari sinonimebad miiCnevs mniSvnelobiT igiveobriv iseT sityvebs,

romlebic gansxvavdebian konotaciis mixedviT; amaSi igulisxmeba grZnobiTi

elferi, met-naklebi eqspresiuloba, gamoyenebis sfero (funqciuri stili)

da a. S. (68, 293).

eqspresiul-emociuri momenti sagnobriv-logikuri Sinaarsis gareT

arsebobs (132, 167; 110, 66). arn. Ciqobavas miTiTebiT, is `subieqturi danarTia

obieqturi momentisa, romelsac mniSvneloba warmoadgens, danarTi da ara

Semadgeneli nawili~ (90, 219). zog mkvlevars miaCnia, rom eqspresiul-

emociuri elementi leqsikur mniSvnelobaSi mudmivad Sedis. al. neimani

emocias sinonimTa warmoqmnis erT-erT mTavar meqanizmadac ki Tvlis (49,

LV). eqspresia-emocia, anu grZnobiTi ieri, metyvelis sagnisadmi

damokidebulebiT warmoiSoba, e. i. subieqturi momentia, mniSvneloba ki

sagnobriv-logikur Sinaarss gulisxmobs da obieqturia. zvegincevis

18

miTiTebiT, swored sagnobriv-logikuri momenti aris amosavali sityvaTa

sinonimebad miCnevisa, xolo eqspresiul-emociuri elementi meoreulia (131,

175).

s. bereJani aRniSnavs, rom kvazisinonimTa (misi terminiT: nawilobriv

sinonimTa) arsebobis safuZvelia is gansxvavebebi, romelic maT semantikur

moculobaSi arsebobs (115, 55) aseTi sxvaobebi safuZvlad udevs sinonimuri

rigebis agebas. TviT semantikur moculobaTa dadgena ki SesaZlebelia

mxolod semantikuri analizis _ leqsemebis semebad daSlis safuZvelze.

lingvistur literaturaSi arsebobs Sexeduleba, romelic sinonimTa

ganmsazRvrel mTavar niSnad, maTi mniSvnelobis msgavsebasTan erTad,

gansxvavebebs ar miiCnevs, radgan sakiTxis amgvari dasma absoluturi

sinonimebis uaryofamde midis (9, 20). ibadeba kiTxva: aris Tu ara enaSi

leqsikuri dubletebi, anu e. w. àbsoluturi sinonimebi~?

1.3.1. absoluturi sinonimiis sakiTxi. àbsolutur sinonimebTan~ mimar-

TebiT enaTmecnierTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. moviyvanT àbsoluturi

sinonimiis~ ramdenime ganmartebas: `semantikurad identuri leqsemebi,

romlebic Tavisi arsiT nominatiuria da ganekuTvnebian mkacrad

gansazRvrul stils, absoluturi sinonimebia~ (138, 121); ìmgvar sinonimebs,

romlebic arc mniSvnelobiT, arc konteqstualurad ar gansxvavdebian

erTmaneTisagan, absolutur sinonimebs anu leqsikur dubletebs eZaxian. aq

sinonimur wyvilTa mniSvneloba savsebiT emTxveva erTmaneTs anu nulovani

opozicia axasiaTebs~ (74, 37).

rusul lingvistikaSi àbsoluturi sinonimebis~ gverdiT gvxdeba

terminebi: ìgiveobrivi~, `sruli~, `zusti eqvivalenti~... qarTul

enaTmecnierebaSi absoluturi sinonimebi jer kidev s. xundaZem gamoyo da

aRniSna, rom amgvar sinonimebs Soris `mniSvnelobiT sruliad araviTari

gansxvaveba ar aris~ (102, 178). maT arsebobas iziarebs e. babunaSvili (9, 20).

al. Rlontis miTiTebiT, igi mcire raodenobiT, magram mainc arsebobs enaSi

(76, 293). b. foCxuas TvalsazrisiT, `kvazisinonimiasa da absolutur

sinonimias Soris Tavsdeba sityvaTa sinonimuri gamoyenebis yvela SemTxveva~

(68, 293). r. RambaSiZis azriT, absoluturi SeiZleba iyos mxolod leqsikuri

19

dubletebi _ terminebSi arsebuli sinonimuri mimarTeba, vinaidan isini

identur mniSvnelobebs aRniSnaven (74, 37).

enaSi absoluturi sinonimebis arsebobas uaryofdnen jer kidev

berZeni swavlulebi. magaliTad, kvintiliane ambobda: èrTi da imave

sagnisaTvis Cven sxvadasxva saxelwodebas vxmarobT, magram Rrma

gamokvlevis Sedegad vrwmundebiT, rom yovel am saxelwodebas Tav-Tavisi

mniSvneloba aqvs~4. aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisis momxrea XVIII saukunis frangi

ganmanaTlebeli dalamberi, romlis TvalsazrisiT: enaSi ar aris ori

sityva, romlebic SeiZleba sinonimebad CavTvaloT am cnebis sruli gagebiT,

e. i. iseTebi, romelTa urTierTmonacvleoba yvela SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli

iqneba sityvis mniSvnelobis Seucvlelad (153, 149); analogiur mosazrebas

gamoTqvams ciceronic: `Tumca ise gveCveneba, ToTqos sityvebs erTi da igive

mniSvneloba aqvT, magram rogorc sagnebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, ise

maTi saxelebic ganirCevian~ (149, 19).

zemogamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisis momxrea arn. Ciqobavac, romelic

miuTiTebs, rom enaSi savsebiT msgavsi sityvebi ar arseboben: àn aRsaniSni

sagnis sxvadasxva momentia, sinonimebs rom ganasxvavebs, anda Tvalsazrisi,

romelic molaparakis damokidebulebas aRsaniSnisadmi axasiaTebs, anda

grZnobiTi ieri, romelsac sinonimuri sityva iwvevs, anda kidev dialeqturi

sxvaoba sinonimuri sityvebisa~ (89, 183).

rus enaTmecnierTa Soris aRniSnul Tvalsazriss iziareben palevskaia,

reformatski, zvegincevi, pavlov-SiSkini da sxv. pavlov-SiSkini wers: ènaSi

ar aris ori an ramdenime sityva, romelic sruliad erTsa da imaves

aRniSnaven~ (147, 1).

f. de sosiuris moZRvrebiT, Tu enobrivi niSnis arsi aRsaniSnisa da

aRmniSvnelis erTianobiT ganisazRvreba, imave niSnis `Rirebuleba~ sistemis

sxva wevrebTan mimarTebiT klasificirdeba (157, 147-148). èna niSanTa

sistemaa~ da am sistemaSi elementebi amyareben erTmaneTTan mimarTebas:

leqsikuri leqsemebis analizi unda moxdes sxva leqsemebTan mimarTebaSi.

4 citatas vimowmebT k. jorjanelis statiidan `sinonimTa sakiTxisaTvis~ (106, 253).

20

semantikur igiveobaze saubari mxolod mas Semdeg aris SesaZlebeli, Tu

isini eqvivalenturni aRmoCndebian funqcionalur donezec. funqcionalur

mimarTebaTa dasadgenad ki aucilebelia sintagmaSi azrobrivi SekavSirebisa

da derivaciuli rigis gaTvaliswineba (161, 79).

aRniSnuli principis gaTvaliswinebiT, g. maWavariani saliteraturo

qarTulSi papa/babuas absolutur sinonimebad ar miiCnevs, radgan isini

sintagmaturi da kombinatoruli analizis doneze eqvivalenturni ar arian;

dasaSvebia: mama-papa, papanaqeba sicxe, magram dasaxelebul kombinaciaSi papa-

babua am sityvaTa Canacvleba SeuZlebelia. meore mxriv, miRebulia

babuawvera (44, 127). mkvlevari iTvaliswinebs sinonimTa dialeqtur

warmomavlobasac da maT Soris ganmasxvaveblad miiCnevs gareenobriv

(eqstralingvistur) kontaqtebsac (44, 127)5.

enaSi absoluturi sinonimebis arsebobas eWvqveS ayenebs k. jorjanelic.

mecnieri yuradRebas amaxvilebs absolutur sinonimebad miCneul ucxour

terminebsa da maT Sesatyvis qarTul odenobebze, iseTebze rogoricaa: cda-

eqsperimenti, nakli-defeqti, transporti-gadazidva... da miuTiTebs, rom

aRniSnuli ucxouri sityvebi upiratesad ixmareba samwerlobo enaSi, anda

gvxvdeba specialur terminebsa da inteligentebis metyvelebaSi. amdenad,

sinonimur sityvebs Soris gansxvaveba stilisturia: cda ufro sasaubro

metyvelebaSi ixmareba. stilistur kuriozs miviRebT, Tu vityviT

èqsperimenti bedis monaxevreao~. avtors miaCnia, rom `sinonimur sityva-

Tqmebs Soris mudam arsebobs met-naklebi sxvaoba, swored es gansxvaveba

aniWebs sinonimuri mwkrivis yovel sityvas individualurobas, mxolod

misTvis damaxasiaTebel originalurobas~ (106, 255-259).

zemogamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisis momxrea S. afridoniZec. igi miuTiTebs,

rom terminTa Canacvleba SeiZleba gamodges absoluturi sinonimiis

5 specialur literaturaSi SeniSnaven, rom sinonimTa ganmasxvavebel erT-erT

niSan-Tvisebas xmarebis met-naklebi sixSire warmoadgens (67, 268). amitom SesaZloa

romelime aRmosavlur, magaliTad, kaxur dialeqtze metyvelma meti sixSiriT

gamoiyenos `papa~, vidre `babua~.

21

dasadgenad, magram igi arasakmarisia, radgan sxvaoba Tavs iCens sityvaTa

SekavSirebisas (5, 285). sinonimur wyvilSi Semavali wevrebi gansxvavdeba

derivaciiTac (161, 285).

dialeqturi sinonimuri wyvilebis ganxilvis Sedegad r. gersamia

miuTiTebs, rom megrulSi dialeqtur safuZvelze Seqmnil zogierT

sinonimur erTeuls motivad udevs sxvadasxva saxeldebis principi.

magaliTad: Randara_kidaWi `baRlinjo~. kidaWi, romelic senakuri

dialeqtis kuTvnilebaa, etimologiurad `kedlis Wias~ ukavSirdeba, xolo

Randara leqsemis amosavlad miCneulia Randa `Robe~. es leqsema zugdidur

dialeqtSi gvxvdeba (16, 16). amdenad, e. w. àbsoluturi sinonimebis~

gasamijnavad aRniSnuli meTodic gasaTvaliswinebelia, roca teritoriul

dubletebs ganvixilavT.

z. WumburiZes mohyavs sinonimuri mniSvnelobis tol-Serwymuli

kompozitebi, rogoricaa: sindis-namusi, Rarib-Rataki, adaT-wesi, sve-bedi,

bed-iRbali... da mecnieri aRniSnavs, rom isini Tavisuflad erTmaneTs ver

enacvlebian: `Wkuas vaswavli~ SesityvebaSi `Wkuis~ `gonebiT~ Secvla

miuRebelia (99, 152).

b. jorbenaZis miTiTebiT, xvewna-mudara, zizRi-siZulvili, mxeci-nadiri

da a. S. erTmaneTis mimarT sinonimuria, magram absolutur sinonimebs ar

warmoadgenen, radgan maTgan nawarmoebi zmnebi semantikurad ganirCevian

erTmaneTisagan, ufro metic, zogjer dapirispirebulic ki arian (104, 200-

218).

amdenad, absoluturi sinonimebi SeiZleba gaimijnos Semdegi kriteri-

umebiT: 1. sinonimebad aRebuli wyvilis wevrebi nominatiuri unda iyvnen

mniSvnelobiT da polisemiurobiT ar unda xasiaTdebodnen; 2. isini ar unda

gansxvavdebodnen azrobrivi niuansebiT, mniSvnelobis sxvadasxva elferiT;

3. ar unda iyvnen Seferilni emociuri niSniT; 4. unda ganekuTvnebodnen

erTsa da imave funqciur stils; 5. maT unda SeswevdeT sityvebTan Sexamebis

Tanabari SesaZlebloba, anu distribuciis unari; 6. unda gaaCndeT Tanabari

saderivacio SesaZleblobebi da romelime maTgani ar unda avlendes

saderivacio (sawarmoqmno) xarvezs; 7. gansxvavebam ar unda iCinos Tavi

22

msgavs leqsemaTa saxeldebis principSi... Tu zemodasaxelebul kriteriumebs

movimarjvebT sinonimTa gansasxvaveblad, Cveni masalis gaTvaliswinebiT,

absoluturi sinonimiis sakiTxi Zvel qarTul enaSi eWvqveS dadgeba, an

saerTod moixsneba.

1.4. sityvaTveli da sinonimuri rigis struqtura. leqsikur-semantikuri

kavSirebis bunebis Sesaxeb mecnierTa mravalgvari mosazreba arsebobs. maT

Soris gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia i. triris `semantikuri velis~ Teoria. am

Teoriis mixedviT enobriv niSanTa sfero Sinaganad organizebuli

sistemuri bunebisaa da maTi segmentacia anu danawevreba xdeba mraval

ganzomilebaSi, xolo TiToeuli maTgani calkeul struqturas _ vels

qmnis. `semantikuri veli~ gamoeyofa enis mTel leqsikas da Tavis mxriv

iyofa sityvebad. maSasadame, avtori ierarqiul dayofas uSvebs: sityvaTveli

_ mTeli leqsika (171, 430). amdenad, leqsikur-semantikur vels axasiaTebs

masSi Semaval elementTa ierarqia da misi Tavdapirveli kvleva mxolod

sinqroniuli moculobiT Semoifargleba (93, 12).

`semantikuri velis~ meore Teoretikosi l. vaisgenbergi miiCnevs, rom

yoveli ena, deda ena (mutter-sprache) SeiZleba gaigivdes sosiuris langue-

sTan. deda enaSi srulad Cans enisa da enobrivi koleqtivis kavSiri. enis

semantikuri kvlevisas mTeli sigrZe-siganiT unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli

struqturulobisa da imanenturobis postulatebi. imanenturobis arsi

gulisxmobs ara eqstralingvisturi, gareenobrivi, aramed enobrivi

kriteriumebis gamoyenebas (13, 30).

maSasadame, enis Sinaarseuli sfero Sedgeba ara izolirebul sityvaTa

ubralo jamisagan, aramed danawevrebuli urTierTdamokidebulebebisagan.

qarTul sinamdvileSi saganTa wvdomis am wess, romelic universaluri

xasiaTisaa, intuiciiT miagno sulxan-saba orbelianma (51, 62-64). sulxan-saba

leqsikonSi Tavs uyris saerTo semantikuri velis, sinonimuri rigis an erTi

Tematuri jgufis sityvebs da amgvari klasifikacia leqsikografis enobrivi

alRoTia nakarnaxevi da ara romelime lingvistur moZRvrebaze dayrdnobiT

an gavleniT (13, 30).

23

Tanamedrove lingvistur literaturaSi mniSvnelobis saerTo

komponentis mqone sityvebs xan vels, xan Tematur jgufs, xanac sinonimur

rigs uwodeben. realurad ki isini gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. maTTvis

saerTo isaa, rom TiToeuli jgufi mTliania da advilad gamoiyofa enis

danarCeni leqsikisagan, xolo masSi Semaval elementebs aerTianebs saerTo

sagnobriv-cnebobrivi Tanafardoba (93, 178). veli ufro farTo cnebaa, vidre

sinonimuri rigi. sinonimuri rigiT aRiniSneba `linealuri struqturis

erTxazovani varianti, romelSic mimarTeba sityva _ identifikatorsa da

jgufSi Semaval yvela elements Soris sinonimuria~ (93, 132-136). maSasadame,

sinonimur rigSi Semaval erTeulTa Tavmoyris safuZvelia, rogorc

identuri, aseve diferencialuri niSnebi, romlebic leqsemaTa mniSvnelobis

segmentaciis dros miiReba.6 es niSnebi leqsikuri mniSvnelobis struqturiT

aris ganpirobebuli (122, 29).

leqsemaTa diferencialur niSnebad7 daSla komponenturi anu

semantikuri analizis princips eyrdnoba. aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebiT

SesaZlebelia sinonimuri rigis TiToeuli sityvis mniSvneloba ganvixiloT,

rogorc minimaluri semantikuri komponentis erTianoba (160, 6).

diferencialur niSans qmnis mniSvnelobaTa elferebi, eqspresiuloba,

stilisturi elferi, sityvaTwarmoebis gansxvavebuli unari, sityvis

warmoSobis istoria da sxv. maSasadame, diferencialuri niSani anu

sinonimTa diferencialuri komponenti, es aris sinonimTa Sedarebis Sedegad

miRebuli naSTi.

6. lingvistur literaturaSi mniSvnelobis segmentaciis Sedegad miRebuli

niSnis aRsaniSnavad sxvadasxva termini ixmareba: diferencialuri niSani (d.

Smelevi), mniSvnelobis diferencialuri elementi (k. smolina), sinonimebis

diferencialuri komponenti (sdk) (m. abalaki), semebi (e. Sendelsi), komponenturi

mniSvneloba (v. Cerniaki) da sxv. Cvens naSromSi upiratesad viyenebT or termins:

diferencialuri niSani; sinonimebis diferencialuri komponenti.

7. f. de sosiuris moZRvrebis mixedviT, enis mTeli meqanizmi emyareba

identifikaciasa da diferenciacias (147, 141).

24

diferencialur niSnebze damyarebiT aris SesaZlebeli sityvis

individualuri kavSiris dadgena, romelic sinonimuri rigis SigniT

arsebobs. lingvistikaSi vxvdebiT sawinaaRmdego Tvalsazrissac, romlis

mixedviTac, `sinonimebis gansazRvrebisas gansxvavebidan amosvla, an Tundac

imis aRniSvna rom sinonimebis mniSvnelobaTa gansxvavebebi iseve arsebiTia,

rogorc maTi msgavseba, ar unda iyos marTali~ (9, 20-21). Cveni

TvalsazrisiT, swored diferencialuri niSnebi aniWebs sinonimuri rigis

TiToeul wevrs im individualurobas, rac maTi enaSi arsebobis erTaderTi

da aucilebeli pirobaa.

leqsikur erTeulTa identifikacia, maTi gaerTianeba erT sinonimur

rigSi ìntegraluri semantikuri komponentebis~ safuZvelze xdeba (160, 7). es

integraluri komponenti aris faqtobrivad cnebis ZiriTadi niSani, romelic

sinonimuri rigis yvela wevrs moepoveba. maSasadame, sinonimur rigSi

gamoiyofa dominanturi wevri, romelic ar aris markirebuli stilisturad,

ar axlavs raime damatebiTi emociur-eqspresiuli niSani da es leqsema

gansazRvravs rigSi Semavali TiToeuli leqsikuri erTeulis ZiriTad

xasiaTs (152, 29; 139, VII).

sinonimuri rigis struqtura SeiZleba danawevrdes mis SigniT mcire

urTierTgadamkveT mikrostruqturebad, ris Sedegadac miiReba mcire

kvazisinonimuri rigebi, romelTa CarTva, Tavis mxriv, did jgufSi SeiZleba.

arsebiTad iqmneba Taviseburi bunebis ierarqiuli xe. igi gansakuTrebiT

axasiaTebs kvazisinonimTa iseT klass, romelic Seicavs nebismieri

ierarqiuli donis gvarovnul terminebs. mikrostruqturis gamoyofis

safuZvelia saerTo saxis gansazRvruli diferencialuri niSnebi. yoveli

axali sityva semaTa damatebiT an klebiT miiReba, da SesaZloa paradigmaSi

kidura wevrebs Soris mimarTeba antonimuric ki aRmoCndes (69, 20).

b. foCxua sinonimuri rigis wevrebis ganxilva-daxasiaTebas mizanSewoni-

lad Tvlis sinonimuri wyvilebis saxiT8. mkvlevari miuTiTebs, rom mxolod

8 k. danelias miTiTebiT, `sinonimuri wyvili~ gulisxmobs Semdegs: SeiZleba,

romelime sagnis an movlenis aRsaniSnavad ramdenime sinonimuri erTeuli iyos

25

wyvilis wevrebs Soris SeiZleba dadasturdes erTi niSnis qona-uqonloba,

àmitomaa mizanSewonili sinonimTa jgufi ganxilul-daxasiaTebul iqnas ara

erTianad, aramed wyvilebad~ (67, 267).

warmodgenil naSromSi sinonimTa gamoyofasa da ganxilvas safuZvlad

udevs swored zemoaRniSnuli principi (wyvilebad ganxilva), romlis

gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT naTlad warmoaCens sinonimuri rigis TiToeuli

wevris individualur bunebas.

1.5. leqsikuri sinonimiis sakiTxi Zvel qarTulSi. saliteraturo enebi

evolucias ganicdian, xolo qarTuli ena am TvalsazrisiT konservatiuli

xasiaTisaa, radgan mas ar ganucdia enaTa Sereva, ucxouri enis gavlena im

doneze, rom Zirfesvianad Secvliliyo sityva-gamoTqmebi (56, 52). miuxedavad

amisa, Zveli qarTuli da axali qarTuli imdenad gansxvavebuli enobrivi

odenobebia, rom mtkice safuZveli mogvepoveba isini saliteraturo enis

safexurebad, ganviTarebis etapebad miviCnioT (97, 47-50). am etapebis gamoyofa

upiratesad enis gramatikul wyobasa da leqsikur maragSi momxdar

cvlilebebs efuZneba. miuxedavad amisa, qarTuli saliteraturo enis

leqsikuri sinonimiis ganviTarebis istoriaSi garkveuli periodebis

gamoyofa da Zveli qarTuli leqsikur-sinonimuri sistemis arseboba

mxolod pirobiT SeiZleba davuSvaT (56, 52), radganac Zveli qarTuli

leqsikis udidesi nawili dResac cocxalia da ganagrZobs arsebobas. am

TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli samwerlobo enis leqsikuri sinonimikis

ganviTarebis istoriaSi Zneldeba raime mijnis dadeba.

meore mxriv, sinonimias, rogorc enobriv movlenas, lingvisturi

TvalsazrisiT ganixilaven sinqroniul aspeqtSi. Zveli qarTuli ena

ganviTarebis xangrZliv periods moicavs, amitom Zneli gasarkvevia

gamoyenebuli da es erTeulebi sxvadasxva adgilas iyos naxmari. maTi aRnusxva da

klasifikacia sxva, calke sakiTxia. xolo sinonimur wyvilTa calebi ixmareba

erTad da erT garkveul konteqstSi da, Cveulebriv striqonis (taepis) farglebs

ar scildeba (20, 472). Cvens SemTxvevaSi `sinonimur wyvilebs~ ganvixilavT rogorc

mTlian teqstSi, agreTve erTi winadadebis, erTi konteqstis farglebSi.

26

sinonimur sityvaTagan romelime maTgani drois ra monakveTSi ixmareba.

ixmarebian isini erTi epoqis farglebSi Tu ara, rodis iwyeba da rodis

mTavrdeba sinonimur sityvaTa TanamSromloba (56, 54). amdenad, sinonimuri

rigi ar aris myari erTeuli. cvalebadobis procesebi, rogoricaa enaSi ama

Tu im leqsikur erTeulTa dakargva, mniSvnelobis gadaweva, axali

mniSvnelobis SeZena, sityvis sesxeba da a. S., gavlenas axdens saerTod

sinonimTa sistemaze da, cxadia, sinonimuri rigis struqturazec; amitomac

miuTiTeben, rom ToToeul epoqas sinonimur saSualebaTa gansazRvruli

sistema Seesabameba (148, 99). maSasadame, qarTuli enis ganviTarebis iseT or

safexurze, rogoric aris Zveli da axali qarTuli, sinonimuri leqsikis

ganxilva unda moxdes cal-calke (38, 194).

winamdebare naSromSi warmodgenilia Zvel qarTul enaSi leqsikur

sinonimiasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis kvleva qarTuli oTxTavis ori

Zveli redaqciis masalis safuZvelze.

27

Tavi II

sinonimTa warmoqmnis wyaroebi Zvel qarTulSi

(qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaqciis mixedviT)

rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli oTxTavis or Zvel redaqcias Seicavs

sami xelnaweri, romlebic Satberdis monastridan arian gamosulni.

arsebiTad gvaqvs ori redaqcia, erTi adiSis_C (897 w.), xolo meore

jruWisa_D (936 w.) da parxlis_E (973 w.). am xelnawerebSi `saqme gvaqvs or

garkveulad gansxvavebul redaqciasTan, rogorc leqsikis TvalsazrisiT,

ise frazis agebis mxriv~ (80, 08). jruW-parxlis teqsti safuZvlad dasdebia

jer eqvTime mTawmidlis, xolo Semdeg giorgi mTawmidlis mermindel

redaqciebs. am ukanasknelma sabolood gandevna yvela danarCeni redaqcia

da iqca qarTul vulgatad. Tavad jruW-parxlis teqsti warmoadgens

protovulgatas, romelsac mxars uWers rogorc adrindeli teqstebi:

(xanmeti leqcionari (VII s.), i. javaxiSvilis mier amokiTxuli xanmeti

nawyvetebis nawili, da haemeti leqcionaris nawyvetebi), ise mermindeli

redaqciebi: opizisa (913 w.); tbeTisa (988 w.) da sxv. (80, 09).

jruW-parxlis xelnawerebi erT teqsts warmoadgenen, magram maT Soris

arsebiTi xasiaTis gansxvavebanic moipoveba. zog SemTxvevaSi erT-erTi

maTgani C-sTan aris: xan D da xan E, magram moipoveba adgilebic, sadac

samive Satberduli xelnaweri sruliad gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan; es

ki mowmobs, rom erTi im punqtTagani, sadac qarTuli teqsti swordeboda,

Satberdi yofila (80, 011). a. SaniZe aRniSnavs, rom Satberduli oTxTavis

teqstebi, marTalia, IX-X saukunis Zeglebs warmoadgenen, magram enobrivi

TvalsazrisiT IV-V saukunis Zeglebs ganekuTvnebian, Tumca ki zogierTi ram

gasworebulia mermindeli normebis mixedviT. es cvlileba xanmetobasa da

haemetobas Sehxebia, ZiriTadi maragi, uZvelesi morfologiur-sintaqsuri

niSnebis da arqauli leqsikisa ZeglSi kargad aris daculi. amitom

qarTuli enis Zeglebs Soris am qarTul oTxTavebs ueWvelad uWiravs

ùpirvelesi adgilTagani~ (80, 012).

28

rac Seexeba sakuTriv adiSis redaqcias, igi sruliad calke mdgom

teqsts warmoadgens. iv. imnaiSvilis azriT, igi Sedgeba `ZiriTadi~

teqstisgan, romelic sakuTriv adiSis teqsts warmoadgens da `CanarTi~

nawilisgan. sakuTriv adiSis teqsts sruliad gancalkevebuli adgili

uWiravs Zvel oTxTavebs Soris, xolo `CanarTi~ nawili e. w.

protovulgatas misdevs. (30, 219-232). mkvlevars mohyavs iseTi leqsikuri

erTeulebi, romlebic adiSis teqstSi dasturdeba da sxva redaqciebSi ar

gvxvdeba aseTebia: fiCÂ, gxueWden, meRoreni, sayurZeni, mimodastuanvida,

meoxneTa, mivtontmanebdi da sxv. adiSis nusxas axasiaTebs agreTve sityvis

formaTa xmarebis ufro konkretuloba, xolo jruW-parxlis teqstis

leqsika ufro zogadi Sinaarsis Semcvelia. ase, magaliTad: sazeTe//WurWeri;

mwyemsi//meRore; yrma//wuli da sxv. (30, 194-205). adiSis redaqcia xasiaTdeba

mTeli rigi leqsikuri TaviseburebebiT, rac ganarCevs mas jruW-parxlis

teqstisagan da saerTod saxarebis sxva redaqciebisagan.

adiSis oTxTavis berZnulTan mimarTebis sakiTxs sagangebod Seexo s.

yauxCiSvili. man miuTiTa, rom adiSis oTxTavSi, romelic saxarebis uZveles

qarTul Targmans warmoadgens, SeimCneva tendencia berZnuli enisa da

elinuri samyaros gavlenisa mTargmnelze (77, 93). mkvlevars amis dasturad

mohyavs sxvadasxva argumenti. adiSis teqstSi moipoveba rigi berZnuli

leqsemebisa: sandali, lankla, pinaki, klite da a. S., romlebic udavod

mowmoben, rom adiSis oTxTavis mTargmneli berZnuli dednis gavlenas

ganicdida (77, 109). mkvlevari miuTiTebs, rom adiSis redaqciis avtors

Tvalwin hqonda ZiriTadad berZnuli dedani (da ara romelime sxva). am

niadagze aixsneba zogierTi uzustoba, romelic qarTul Targmans

axasiaTebs. meore mxriv, roca adiSis nusxaSi naxmaria iseTi gamoTqma,

romelic oTxTavis sxva teqstSi ar ixmareba, es gansxvaveba aixsneba imiT,

rom zogierTi berZnuli sityva an gamoTqma gvian saukuneebSi ukve aRar

esmodaT im mniSvnelobiT, romelic mas Zvel saukuneebSi hqonda. maSasadame,

`gviani saukuneebis mTargmnelebma da redaqtorebma kargad icodnen

berZnuli saliteraturo ena, xolo cocxali berZnuli salaparako ena, misi

Zveli idiomatizmebiT maTTvis ucnobi iyo. adiSis redaqciis avtori ki,

29

TviTon ufro Zvel saukuneSi mcxovrebi da xalxuri enis mcodne, ukeT

erkveva ama Tu im sityvis specifikur mniSvnelobaSi mocemul adgilas da

mis sxva mniSvnelobaSi sxva adgilas~ (77, 111).

el. doCanaSvilma gamoyo adiSis teqstsa da somxur xelnawerebs Soris

teqstobrivad Semxvedri saerTo xmarebis sityvebi. mecnieris mier dasaxe-

lebuli qarTul-somxuri saerTo xmarebis leqsemebi ara mxolod adiSis

xelnawerSi gvxvdeba, aramed sxva winareaTonur da giorgi mTawmidlis

redaqciebSic dasturdeba. somxur leqsikur erTeulTa udidesi nawili

qarTulSi zepiri gziT unda iyos Semosuli da ara mwignobruliT.

adiSis oTxTavSi gamoiyofa aseve fena, romelic misi arqetipis Semdgom

redaqtors somxur oTxTavTan SedarebiT unda Caesworebina. swored aq

gamoiyofa armenizmebi, romlis safuZvelzec mkvlevrebi miiCneven adiSis

oTxTavs somxuridan momdinared. el. doCanaSvili ki miuTiTebs, rom adiSis

nusxaSi warmodgenili àrmenizmebi~ mxolod leqsikuri Casworebis Sedegia

da ara redaqciuli xasiaTisa (25, 206).

leqsikuri saxis sxvaobebi, romlebic vlindeba oTxTavis paralelur

versiaTa (DE – C) Sepirispirebisas, `daaxloebiT 1000-ze metia~ (25, 183).

redaqciaTa dapirispirebis dros gamovlenili leqsikuri wyvilebis umetesi

nawili sinonimur mimarTebaSi imyofeba erTmaneTTan. radgan adiSis

redaqciis mTargmneli ufro ukeT erkveva ama Tu im sityvis specifikur

mniSvnelobaSi mocemul adgilas, amitom masSi gamovlenil sinonimur

leqsemebSi ufro metad ikveTeba semantikuri da stilisturi datvirTvis

mqone diferencialuri niSnebi.

paraleluri versiebis mixedviT gamoyofili sinonimuri rigis sityvaTa

umetesi nawili sxva redaqciebSic ixmareba da isini erTi redaqciis

farglebSic sinonimebad iTvlebian.

dasturdeba iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca erTi teqstis farglebSi

gvxvdeba sinonimur wyvilTa calebi sxvadasxva adgilze da iseTi

SemTxvevebic, rodesac calkeul redaqciebSi erTmaneTis gverdigverd

ixmareba leqsemebi sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT.

30

yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswineba safuZvels iZleva saxarebis

teqstSi yuradReba gavamaxviloT sinonimiisa da polisemiis urTierTmimar-

Tebis sakiTxze; sinonimTa warmoqmnis iseT wyaroebze, rogoricaa:

sityvaTwarmoeba, sityvis sesxeba, tabu da evfemizmi da sxv.

2.1. polisemia da sinonimia (polisemiur leqsemaTa sinonimuri mwkrivebi).

sinonimia da polisemia ori semantikuri universaliaa, anu msoflios

yvela enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli da TiToeuli enis funqciur struqturaSi

Rrmad fesvgadgmuli kategoriebia (158, 267). es ori enobrivi movlena,

romlebic `manamde warmoiqmna, vidre Seiqmneboda mecniereba semasiologia~

(159, 31), sapirispiroa Tavisi arsiT. Tu sinonimia gulisxmobs erTi da imave

Sinaarsis sxvadasxva niSniT gamoxatvas, polisemiis SemTxvevaSi erTi da

imave niSniT sxvadasxva mniSvnelobebi gadmoicema, anu `polisemiasTan maSin

gvaqvs saqme, rodesac erTi fonetikuri garsi mimarTebaSi aRmoCndeba

saganTa ramdenime klasTan~ (66, 102).

sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom sinonimuri kavSirebi damaxasiaTebelia

polisemiuri leqsemebisaTvis. erTi mxriv, polisemiur leqsemaTa calkeul

mniSvnelobaTa gamijvna xdeba sinonimebTan Sedarebis gziT, meore mxriv ki,

calkeul sinonimur rigSi leqsikur erTeulTa Tavmoyra damokidebulia

polisemiuri leqsemis calkeul mniSvnelobaTa gamijvnaze (160, 17).

polisemiuri sityva erTi mniSvnelobiT SeiZleba iyos erT rigSi Sesuli

sityvis sinonimi, sxva mniSvnelobiT ki igi sxva rigSi Sesuli sityvis

sinonimi aRmoCndeba, anu polisemiuri sityvis mniSvnelobebidan SeiZleba

sxvadasxva rigis sinonimebi warmoiqmnas. Sedegad viRebT rTul gadajaWvul

kavSirebs, romlebic sityvaTa did raodenobas moicavs (1, 54-60; 69, 16-19; 129,

22).

maSasadame, sinonimebis Sepirispirebisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba damTxve-

va an nawilobrivi damTxveva ara mTlianad sityvaTa mniSvnelobebisa, aramed

`maTi azrobrivi struqturis elementebisa~ (116, 87; 126, 10-11; 121, 98; 122, 22;

150, 159), anu leqsikur-semantikuri variantebisa (lsv), romlebic Sinaganad

dakavSirebuli arian erTmaneTTan da qmnian garkveul semantikur mTliano-

bas. es semantikuri mTlianoba aris sityvis leqsikuri mniSvneloba,

31

romelic lsv-ebis nakrebisagan Sedgeba. amrigad, sinonimebis semantikuri

siaxlove vlindeba `maTi azrobrivi Sinaarsis damTxvevaSi~ (114, 225). amitom,

naSromSi semantikuri Sepirispirebis erTeulad miCneulia sityvis

calkeuli leqsikuri mniSvneloba da sityvebis sinonimurobac daSvebulia

mxolod maTi calkeuli mniSvnelobebis msgavsebis SemTxvevaSi.

queyana _ sofeli:

ganÃda hambavi misi yovelsa mas q u e y a n a s a, m. 9, 26 DEC.

hambavi ganÃda misTÂs yovelsa mas garemo s o f l e b s a, l. 4, 14

DEC.

warvida mier q u e y a n a s a erTsa, romel maxlobel iyo udabnosa

qalaqsa, i. 11, 54 C;

warvida mier s o f e l s a, maxlobelad udabnoÁsa qalaqsa, DE.

que-yan-a polisemiuri leqsemaa, romelic ramdenime mniSvnelobas,

anu leqsikur-semantikur variants Seicavs9: 1. `queyana erTi ars oTxTa

kavSirTagani, Ãmeli da grili, mZime da uZravi, aramyofobisagan yofad

pirvelsa dResa moyvanebuli RmrTisagan~, anu igive `miwa, miwa-wyali~; 2.

`mxare~; 3. àdgil-mamuli~; 4. `niadagi, miwis zedapiri~; 5. `xmeleTi, napiri~

(54; 92; 6; 33). queyana warmoadgens sityvis Targmans, romelic

zemoCamoTvlil mniSvnelobebs Seicavs berZnulSic (145; 168; 127).

warmodgenili 5 mniSvnelobidan saxarebis teqstis mixedviT 4 maTgans

moepoveba sinonimi.

sof-el-i berZnuli leqsemis Targmans warmoadgens, romelic

agreTve polisemiuria da ramdenime lsv-s Seicavs: 1. `ca da queyana da

savseba maTi~, e. i. mTeli samyaro; 2. `zRGa da Ãmeli, sfera anu simrgGale

qGeynisa, igive `miwa, dedamiwa~; 3. `xalxi, kacobrioba~; 4. `mxare, kuTxe~; 5.

`xmeleTi~; 6. `mindori~; 7. `daba, sofeli, mcire Senoba~ (54; 92; 33).

miuxedavad imisa, rom leqsema sofeli Tavisi semantikuri struqturiT

gacilebiT farToa queyanaze, mas oTxTavis teqstSi mxolod ori

mniSvnelobiT moepoveba sinonimuri mewyvile. kerZod, Tu queyanis calkeul

9 SemdegSi leqsikur-semantikuri variantis nacvlad vixmarT Semoklebul formas _ (lsv).

32

mniSvnelobebs miemarTeba miwa, qviSa, Ãmeli, agaraki, sofels ukavSirdeba

mxolod daba da mamuli.

moxmobil magaliTebSi m. 9, 26; l. 4, 14; i. 11, 54 queyana da sofeli

`mxaris, kuTxis~ mniSvnelobiT miemarTebian erTmaneTs, xolo sxva

mniSvnelobebiT, rogorc aRiniSna, maT sxva erTeulebi efardebaT. am

sityvaTa _ queyana//sofeli _ semantikur struqturebs vizualurad Tu

warmovidgenT, isini mxolod erT wertilSi gadaikveTebian.

queyana sofeli

queyana _ miwa:

sxuaÁ davarda q u e y a n a s a keTilsa da moscemda nayofsa, m. 13, 8

DEC.

sxuaÁ davarda kldovansa, sada ara iyo m i w a Á friad, m. 13, 5 DEC.

ix. agreTve: mr. 4, 5; l. 8. 6.

miwa ganimarteba, rogorc `queyanis nawili, erTi oTxTa kavSirTagani,

xmeli da grili, umZimesi wylisa~; `niadagi~ (53; 92; 6). amdenad, miwa

samyaros oTx stiqiaTa Soris (haeri, cecxli, miwa, wyali) erT-erTia, xolo

igi qveyanis nawils im gagebiT warmoadgens, rom qveyana (igive dedamiwa)

garda miwisa, wyalsac Seicavs. moxmobil magaliTSi (m. 13, 5) miwa `niadagis,

miwis zedapiris~ mniSvnelobiT ukavSirdeba queyanas.

queyana _ Ãmeli:

gamoiTrevda badesa mas q u e y a n a d, i. 21, 11 DE;

gamozidvida saTromelsa mas Ã m e l a d, C.

xolo sxuani mowafeni naviTa movidodes, rameTu ara Sors iyvnes

q u e y a n a s a, i. 21, 8 DE;

sxuani igi mowafeni movidodes naviTa, rameTu ara Sors iyvnes

Ã m e l a d, C.

33

viTarca gamoÃdes q u e y a n a d, ixiles nakuercxali mdebarÀ, i. 21,

9 DE;

viTarca gamovides Ã m e l a d, hxedven: nakuercxali idva, C.

Ãm-el-i saerToqarTveluri *Ãam/-Ãm- Ziridan momdinareobs (65) da

niSnavs: `xmeleTs, mSral, unotio, wyliT daufarav adgils~ (54; 92; 6);

`xmeleTs, napirs~ (33). aRniSnuli sityva xuTjer gvxvdeba oTxTavis teqstSi.

aqedan sam SemTxvevaSi dasturdeba adiSis redaqciaSi (i. 21, 8; 9; 11). Ãmels

oTxTavis sxva redaqciebSi queyana miemarTeba da i. moliTori mas Zveli

siriuli Targmanis gavlenad miiCnevda, radgan mkvlevris miTiTebiT,

dasaxelebul adgilebSi terra (miwis) magier arida (Ãmeli) dasturdeba (170, 62).

Ãmeli aRniSnul SemTxvevebSi kanonzomierad aris gamoyenebuli, radgan aq

saubaria napiridan daSorebis Sesaxeb, maSin roca mowafeebma navi Seacures

wyalSi. Tumca samive muxlSi winareaTonuri da giorgiseuli redaqciis

nusxebSi queyana gvxvdeba, rac berZnuli s Targmania, magram adiSuri

Ãmeli ar iTvleba siriul Targmanze damokidebulad, radgan `Ãmeli

Sinaarss ufro zustad gamoxatavs dasaxelebul muxlebSi, vidre queyana~

(63, 67).

amdenad, miwa da Ãmeli saxarebis teqstSi erTi mniSvnelobiT arian

warmodgenili da ukavSirdebian leqsema queyanis meoTxe mniSvnelobas

`niadags, miwis zedapirs~. Ãmeli ki sinonimuria queyanis mexuTe

mniSvnelobisa (`napiri~), romelic aseve erT mniSvnelobas Seicavs.

maSasadame, aRniSnuli sityvebi TiTo lsv-iT arian warmodgenili da garda

queyanisa sinonimurad sxva leqsemas ar ukavSirdebian. amrigad, queyana

sityvis semantika mTlianad faravs miwa, Ãmeli sityvaTa semantikas.

queyana _ agaraki:

kacman raÁ dasTesis Tesli q u e y a n a s a, mr. 4. 26 DEC.

romelman dasTesa Tesli keTili a g a r a k s a TÂssa, m. 13, 24 DEC.

romelman dautevos... q u e y a n a Á saxelisa CemisaTÂs, m. 19, 29 DE;

romelsa daeteos... a g a r a k e b i Cemisa saxelisaTÂs, C.

34

agaraki berZnuli sityvis fardi leqsemaa, romelic qarTulSi

nasesxebia somxuridan (169, 65). agaraki ramdenime lsv-iT aris warmodgenili:

1. `miwa, saxnav-saTesi adgili~; 2. `mindori~; 3; `dasaxlebuli adgili,

sofeli, daba~; 4. àdgil-mamuli~ (145; 127; 53; 92; 6; 33). moxmobil

konteqstebSi leqsema agaraki queyanas ukavSirdeba ori mniSvnelobiT.

kerZod, mr. 4, 26; m. 13, 24 magaliTebSi aRniSnuli sinonimuri wyvili Seicavs

`saxnav-saTesi adgilis~ anu damuSavebuli `miwis~ mniSvnelobas, xolo m. 19,

29 magaliTSi isini (queyana//agaraki) àdgil-mamulis~ mniSvnelobas

gadmoscemen. aseT SemTxvevaSi queyana da agaraki ori lsv-is mixedviT

daemTxveva da maTi semantikur struqturaTa moculobebis nawilobrivi

gadakveTa gveqneba:

queyana agaraki

agaraki, erTi mxriv, Sedis `queyana~ sityvis sinonimur mwkrivSi erT-

erT wevrad, xolo meore mxriv, mis calkeul mniSvnelobebs sinonimurad

ukavSirdeba daba, yana, veli, mtili leqsemebi.

agaraki _ yana:

msgavs ars sasufeveli caTaM saunjesa dafarulsa y a n a s a Sina,

romeli pova kacman da damala da sixaruliTa misTÂs warvida da ganyida

yovelive, raÁca aqunda, da moiyida a g a r a k i igi, m. 13, 44 DEC.

agaraki _ daba:

meRoreni igi ivltodes da uTxres qalaqsa da a g a r a k e b s a, mr.

5, 14 C;

mwyemsni igi maTni ivltodes da uTxres qalaqsa da d a b n e b s a,

DE.

dab-a//yan-a: daba sityvis *dab/>dab:dob:dab fuZe saerToa qarTveluri

enebisaTvis (65). daba ganimarteba, rogorc `momcro qalaqi, mozRudvili;

sofeli momcro, rameTu sofeli ewodebis sruliad sawuTrosa, xolo daba

_ erTsa SenobaTagansa kacrielTa~ (53; 92); `sofeli; yana~ (6; 32).

35

dab-a moxnuli, damuSavebuli miwis mniSvnelobiT SeinarCuna svanurma

(dab_yana). qarTul-zanuris doneze dabis sinonimia yana-yona-Áona (65).

aRniSnuli dab-yan fuZeebis semantikuri garkvevisaTvis ivaraudeba Semdegi:

yana-s Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba unda yofiliyo gaudiferencirebeli `miwa,

veli, anu Ãmeli~. mniSvnelobaTa markirebisaTvis Camoyalibda Semdegi saxis

leqsikuri paradigma: yana_miwa; daba_daumuSavebeli miwa. savaraudoa, rom

yanis mniSvneloba Semdeg daviwrovda, ramac gamoiwvia yan-is semis gadaweva

`moxnuli, damuSavebuli miwisaken~, ramac Tavis mxriv gamoiwvia dab-is semis

gadaweva `saxlis~ mniSvnelobisaken (98, 299).

aRniSnuli fuZeebis winareberZnul-qarTvelur doneze dakavSirebisaT-

vis r. gordeziani imowmebs furnees: _ `dasaxleba~, `qalaqi~ (19,

99).

daba Cvens SemTxvevaSi (mr. 5, 14) `dasaxlebuli adgilis, soflis~

mniSvnelobiT miemarTeba agaraks, romelsac berZnulSi Seesatyviseba

`sofeli, dasaxlebuli adgili...~ (145; 168; 127). yana ki `saxnav-saTesi

miwis~ anu damuSavebuli niadagis mniSvnelobiT esadageba agaraks.

moxmobili sinonimuri wyvili agaraki//daba erTi winadadebis farglebSi

ixmareba (m. 13, 44), romlebic berZnulSi erTi da imave leqsemiT

gadmoicema. am SemTxvevaSi teqstis mTargmneli mimarTavs sinonimTa

substituciur, urTierTSenacvlebis xerxs, riTac Tavidan icilebs erTi da

imave leqsemis uxerxul gameorebas da aRwevs konteqstis sasurvel

stilistur-eqspresiul gaformebas (56, 99).

agaraki _ veli:

Seipyres vinme simon kÂrineli, romeli movidoda a g a r a k i T, l.

23, 26 C;

Seipyres sÂmon vinme kÂrineli, momavali v e l i T, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 24, 40; mr. 15, 21; l. 15, 25.

veli sinonimia agarakis me-2 mniSvnelobisa, romelic niSnavs `mindors~

(53; 92; 6; 33), anu daumuSavebel `miwas, niadags~. Tu yana `damuSavebuli

miwis~ mniSvnelobiT ukavSirdeba agaraks, veli `daumuSavebeli~ anu

36

auTvisebeli niadagis mniSvnelobiT emijneba mas. swored es niuansebi

aniWeben maT (yana//veli) im ganmasxvavebel Tvisebas, riTac isini ganirCevian

sinonimuri rigis sxva wevrebisagan.

agaraki _ mtili:

msgavs ars sasufeveli caTaÁ marcualsa mdogÂsasa, romel moiRo

kacman da dasTesa a g a r a k s a TÂssa, m. 13, 31 C;

msgavs ars sasufeveli caTaÁ marcualsa mdogÂsasa, romeli moiRo

kacman da dasTesa m t i l s a TÂssa, DE.

mtili zogadqarTveluri Ziris mqone sityvaa, romelsac megrulSi

Seesatyviseba òrtvili~/òrtvini~, xolo svanurSi `lertam~, rac

`samtiles, bostans~ aRniSnavs (103, 111). mtili leqsikonTa mixedviT

ganimarteba agreTve, rogorc `bostani~ (53; 92); `baRi~ (33). i. javaxiSvilis

miTiTebiT ki `bostan-baRis aRmniSvneli saxeli qarTvel tomebs saerTo

hqonia~ (103, 111). berZnulSi mtilis fardia leqsema `baRi, bostani~

(145; 168; 127).

maSasadame, mtili `baR-bostnisaTvis~ gankuTvnili niadagis

mniSvnelobiT miemarTeba agaraks.

sofeli _ daba:

mimorbiodes yovelsa mas s o f l e b s a da iwyes moRebad

cxedarTa yovelTa sneulTa, mr. 6, 55 DE;

mirbiodes yovelsa garemoÁs d a b n e b s a mas da iwyes cxedrebiTa

sneulebisa mimodaRebad, C.

ix. agreTve: mr. 6, 6; 8, 27.

sofeli, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, ramdenime mniSvnelobis Semcvelia,

romelTa Sorisaa dRevandeli `soflis~ mniSvneloba, anu `dasaxlebuli

adgilisa~. swored aRniSnuli mniSvnelobis gamomxatvelia sinonimuri

wyvili sofeli//daba moxmobil konteqstebSi (mr. 6, 55; 6; 6), romelTac

berZnulSi esadageba leqsema `sofeli, dasaxlebuli adgili...~ (145;

168; 127).

37

sofeli _ mamuli:

movida s o f l a d TÂsa da aswavebda maT SesakrebelTa maTTa, m.

13, 54 C;

movida m a m u l s a TÂssa da aswavebda maT SesakrebelTa Soris

maTTa, DE.

mam-ul-i ganimarteba, rogorc `mamiseuli~ (53); `samSoblo qveyana, mama-

papisagan danaSTeni uZravi qoneba~ (92; 33). moxmobil magaliTSi (m. 13, 54)

mamuli sofels miemarTeba swored `mxaris, kuTxis~, ufro konkretulad

mSobliuri, mama-papiseuli adgilis mniSvnelobiT, romelTac berZnulSi

gadmoscems leqsema `mamiseuli, mamuli~ (145; 127).

rogorc vxedavT, Tu sityvebi polisemiuria, sinonimia umetes

SemTxvevaSi mxolod maT calkeul mniSvnelobebs exeba, radgan erTi

sityvis mniSvnelobebi mTlianad ar emTxveva sxva sityvis mniSvnelobebs. es

ki niSnavs, rom sinonimiis dadgenisas kriteriumi `mniSvnelobis

nawilobrivi damTxveva~ mTel sityvaze ar vrceldeba. swored amitom

gamarTlebulia Sepirispireba calkeuli mniSvnelobebis, anu leqsikur-

semantikuri variantebis mixedviT.

zogadad, Tu romelime N sityvas aqvs a, в, c da a. S. mniSvnelobebi,

maSin a mniSvnelobiT is SeiZleba Sevides A sinonimur mwkrivSi, в

mniSvnelobiT _ B mwkrivSi, c mniSvnelobiT _ C mwkrivSi da a. S.

amasTanave, sxva sityvebs, romlebic qmnian sinonimur B, C mwkrivebs,

SeiZleba hqondeT ramdenime mniSvneloba da, Tavis mxriv Sediodnen axal

sinonimur mwkrivebSi, romlebSic aseve polisemiuri sityvebi iqneba da a. S.

amrigad, enaSi iqmneba asociaciaTa uwyveti jaWvi, romelic moicavs did

nawils sityvebisa mis sinqroniul mdgomareobaSi (110, 85).

saswauli _ mcneba:

xolo mimcemelman man misman misca maT s a s w a u l i da hrqua:

romelsaca ambors-uyo, igi ars, SeipyarT igi, m. 26, 48 C;

xolo mimcemelsa mas missa mieca m c n e b a Á da hrqua: romelsa me

ambors-uyo, igi ars, SeipyarT igi, DE.

38

sa-sw-a-ul-i//sa-sw-av-ul-i polisemiuri leqsemaa. igi berZnulSi

gadmoicema sityviT , romelic Seicavs Semdeg mniSvnelobebs, anu

lsv-ebs: 1. `niSani, kvali iara~; 2. `sakvirveleba, saswauli~; 3. `sasveni

niSnebi: patara aso, wertili, mZime, xazi~ (145; 168; 127; 92; 33). warmodgenili

3 leqsikur-semantikuri variantidan oTxTavis teqstSi samive maTgans

moepoveba sinonimi.

mcn-eb-a leqsemac polisemantikuri mniSvnelobis mqonea, romelic

Seicavs Semdeg leqsikur-semantikur variantebs: 1. `darigebas, mcnebas~; 2.

`brZanebas, akrZalvas~; 3. `moZRvrebas~; 4. `niSans~ (6; 33). maSasadame, mcneba

me-4 mniSvnelobiT ukavSirdeba saswaulis pirvel mniSvnelobas, anu

moxmobili wyvili konkretulad gulisxmobs `niSnis~ micemas, rasac iudas

mier qristes gacema mohyva. mcneba danarCeni mniSvnelobebiT ki sxva

sinonimur rigSi Sedis.

saswauli _ niSi:

hrqua mas iesu: ukueTu ara ixiloT s a s w a u l e b i da

n i S e b i, ara grwmenes, i. 4, 48 DEC.

ix. agreTve: m. 24, 24; mr. 13, 22.

niSi saS. sparsuli ni š//nišak formebidan momdinareobs. `niSi da niSani

erTi da igive saS. sparsuli sityvaa: ni š- ufro adrindeli, nišan mogviano,

gavrcobili -an sufiqsiT~. aRniSnuli sityvis mniSvnelobebia `nestari

saCxvleti; niSani, laqa, xati; signali, droSa, alami~ (4, 349-350). moxmobil

magaliTebSi (i. 4, 48...) niSi miemarTeba saswaulis me-2 mniSvnelobas

`sakvirvelebas, saswauls~. saswauli//niSi teqstSi erTmaneTis gverdigverd

paralelurad ixmareba, sadac wyvilTagan pirveli wevri sakuTriv qarTuli

warmoSobisaa, xolo meore saS. sparsulidan nasesxebi.

saswauli _ sakÂrveleba:

ixiles mRdelT-moZRuarTa maT da mwignobarTa, romeli igi qmnna iesu

s a s w a u l n i, m. 21, 15, DE;

ixiles raÁ mRdelT moZRuarTa maT da mwignobarTa s a k Â r v e l e-

b a n i igi, C.

39

sa-kÂrv-el-eb-a berZnuli leqsemis fardia, rac niSnavs

`gaocebas, gancvifrebas~ (145, 127; 6; 33). sakÂrveleba swored aRniSnuli

mniSvnelobiT miemarTeba saswauls, sadac m. 21. 15 magaliTSi aRniSnuli

wyvili iesos mier Cadenil saswaulebs gulisxmobs, rac iwvevda mRvdelT-

moZRvarTa da mwignobarTa `gaocebas, gakvirvebas~.

saswauli _ saxe:

ara Tu vixilo ÃelTa misTa s a s w a u l i samsWualTaÁ maT, i. 20,

25 C;

ukueTu ara vixilo ÃelTa misTa s a x À igi samSWualTaÁ, DE.

saxe berZnulSi gadmoicema leqsemiT `nimuSi, magaliTi; niSani,

kvali, iara~ (145; 127; 6; 33). saxe ukavSirdeba saswaulis pirvel

mniSvnelobas misi me-2 (niSani, kvali iara) mniSvnelobiT, sadac igi

qristes lursmnebiT naWrilobev sxeulze darCenil `kvals, iaras~

aRniSnavs.

saswavuli _ moxatuli _ iota _ rqa:

uadviles ars cisa da queyanisa warslvaÁ, vidre ara Sjulisagan erTi

s a s w a v u l i davrdomad, l. 16, 17 C;

uadviles ars cisa da queyanisa warslvaÁ, vidre-Ra Sjulisagani erTi

m o x a t u l i davrdomad, DE.

vidre warslvadmde cisa da queyanisa i o t a erTi anu s a s w a u -

l i ara warÃdes, m. 5, 18 C;

cani da queyanaÁ warÃden da i o t a odeni erTi r q a Á ara

warÃdes, DE.

mo-xat-ul-i//iota//rqa leqsemebi miemarTebian sinonimebad saswaulis me-

3 mniSvnelobas `sasveni niSnebi: patara aso, wertili, mZime, xazi~ (92; 33).

maT efardeba berZnulSi leqsema rac aRniSnul mniSvnelobebs

Seicavs (145; 127). dasaxelebul sinonimebs Soris mcire sxvaobebi mainc

SeiniSneba. moxatuli yovelgvar `sasven niSans~ (33) gulisxmobs da ufro

zogadi Sinaarsis mqonea. iota da rqa ki sabas mixedviT ganimarteba

Semdegnairad: `marT Camozidulsa mas asosa werilTasa iota ewodebis,

40

xolo zeda kerZo warzidulsa mas mgurdl da gurdiv rqa~ (53; 54).

dasaxelebuli sinonimebi moxatuli//rqa//iota moxmobil magaliTebSi

ixmarebian simciris aRsaniSnavad.

naTesavi _ Tesli:

mnatriden me yovelni n a T e s a v n i, l. 1, 48 DE;

mnatriden me yoveli T e s l e b i queyanisani, C.

wignni ityÂan, viTarmed n a T e s a v i s a g a n daviTisi... moslvad

ars qriste, i. 7, 42 C;

ara wigni ityÂsa, viTarmed T e s l i s a g a n daviTisa... qriste

movides, DE.

ix. agreTve: l. 1, 50.

na-Tes-av-i polisemiuri sityvaa, romelic saxarebis teqstSi 6

leqsikur-semantikuri variantiT aris warmodgenili: 1. `Taoba, modgma,

STamomavloba~ 2. `xalxi, eri~; 3. `naTesavi~ dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT; 4.

`Tesli, tomi~; 5. `gvari~; 6. `jariskacTa razmi~ (92; 6; 33). dasaxelebuli

lsv-idan 4 maTgans moepoveba sinonimi.

Tes-l-i agreTve polisemiuri erTeulia. igi aRniSnavs: `naTesavs,

STamomavlobas, Taobas; toms, modgmas...~ (92, 6). Tesli moxmobil

magaliTebSi (l. 1, 48; i. 7, 42; l. 1, 50) sinonimia naTesavis pirveli

mniSvnelobisa, romelsac berZnulSi gadmoscems leqsema rac

niSnavs `Taobas, modgmas, STamomavlobas~ (145; 127).

naTesavi _ tomi:

iyo ig(i) saxlisagan da n a T e s a v i s a daviTisi, l. 2, 4 C;

iyo igi saxlisagan da t o m i s a daviTisa, DE.

ix. agreTve: l. 2, 36; m. 24, 30.

tom-i falauri to hm sityvidan nasesxebad aris miCneuli da `Taobas,

modgmas, gvars~ aRniSnavs (4, 380), romelsac berZnulSi efardeba

`tomi, modgma~ da `warmomavloba mamis xaziT; naTesauri Sto~

(145; 127). moxmobil masalaSi (l. 2. 4...) tomi naTesavs ukavSirdeba imave

41

mniSvnelobiT riTac Tesli, mxolod Tesli sakuTriv qarTuli sityvaa,

xolo tomi falauridan nasesxebi.

naTesavi _ warmarTi:

iqadagos saxarebaÁ ese sasufevelisaÁ yovelsa sofelsa, sawamebelad

yovelTa n a T e s a v T a, m. 24, 14 C;

iqadagos saxarebaÁ ese sasufevelisaÁ yovelsa sofelsa sawamebelad

yovelTa w a r m a r T T a, DE.

iyvnes vinme w a r m a r T n i c a aRmosrulTa maTganni, i. 12, 20

DEC.

warmarTi Seicavs Semdeg mniSvnelobebs: `warmarTi, xalxi; berZeni,

elini~ (33). moxmobil magaliTSi (m. 24, 14; i. 12, 20) warmarTi miemarTeba

naTesavis meore mniSvnelobas `xalxs~, romelic damatebiT Seicavs

semantikur-diferencialur komponents. konkretulad igi `kerpTmsaxurs~,

anu `WeSmariti RvTis cnobisagan ganSorebul~ xalxs gulisxmobs (92),

romelsac berZnulSi efardeba leqsema `sazogadoeba, jgufi, brbo~

(145; 127).

naTesavi _ eri _ erisagani:

Sekrben winaSe misa yoveli n a T e s a v i, m. 25, 32 DEC.

Sekrbeboda misa e r i mravali, l. 14, 25 DEC.

maSin e r i s a g a n T a maT mTavrisaTa wariyvanes iesu taZrad da

Sekribes mis zeda n a T e s a v e b i igi yoveli, m. 27, 27 DEC.

raJams ixiloT gare-modgomili ierusalÀmi e r i s a g a n, maSin

gulisÃma-yavT, rameTu moaxlebul ars mooÃrebaM misi, l. 21, 20 DEC.

eri//erisagan or mniSvnelobas Seicavs. igi aRniSnavs 1. `xalxs~; 2.

`jars~ (53; 33; 6). eri da naTesavi `xalxis~ mniSvnelobiT erTmaneTs

ukavSirdebian m. 25, 32; l. 14, 25 konteqstebSi, romelTac berZnulSi

efardeba leqsema `xalxi~ (127, 145), xolo m. 27, 27; l. 21. 20

magaliTebSi isini `jaris, jariskacTa razmis~ mniSvnelobiT ukavSirdebian

erTmaneTs da berZnulSi gadmoicemian leqsemiT `jari~ (127; 145).

42

eri _ gundi:

iuda wariyvana e r i mRdelT moZRuarTagan da farisevelTa msaxurni,

i. 18, 3 DE;

iuda wariyvana mis Tana g u n d i erTi da mRdelT moZRuarTa maT

da farisevelTaganni msaxurni, C.

gundi parTulidan nasesxebi sityvaa gund, romlis amosavali semantika

ukavSirdeba `simravles, brbos~, xolo `jari, armia...~ Semdgom

ganviTarebuli mniSvnelobebia (4). i. 18, 3 magaliTSi gundi da eri

sinonimurnia `jaris~ mniSvnelobiT, romelTa fardia berZnulSi

`jari~ (127; 145).

gundi _krebuli:

xolo g u n d m a n man da aTasisTavman man da msaxurTa maT huriaTa

Seipyres iesu da Sekres, i. 18, 12 C;

xolo k r e b u l m a n man da aTasisTavman da msaxurTa huriaTaman

Seipyres iesu da Sekres, DE.

krebuli polisemiuri mniSvnelobis mqone leqsemaa. igi niSnavs: 1.

`grovas, jgufs~ 2. `jariskacTa razms~; 3. `sakrebulo saxls~; 4. `xalxs~.

moxmobil magaliTSi (i. 18, 12) krebuli//gundi `jariskacTa razmis~

mniSvnelobiT ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs. gansxvaveba maT Soris mxolod

ZirTa warmomavlobaSia. krebuli sakuTriv qarTuli warmoSobis sityvaa,

gundi ki nasesxebi.

gundi _ dasi:

warmomidginos me aqa umravles aTormetTa g u n d T a angelozTa, m.

26, 53 DE;

damidginos me aw aqa ufroÁs aTormeti d a s i angelozTaÁ, C.

xolo iyo... zaqaria, d a s i s a misgan abiasi, l. 1, 5 C.

dasi Seicavs mniSvnelobebs: 1. `gvari, modgma~ 2. `jariskacTa razmi~.

pirvel magaliTSi, m. 26, 53, gundi//dasi `razmis~ mniSvnelobiT ukavSirde-

bian erTmaneTs, oRond miTiTebul konteqstSi igulisxmeba ara `jariskacTa

razmi~, aramed zogadad simravle, angelozTa `krebuli~.

43

polisemiuri leqsemebi oTxTavSi mxolod dasaxelebuli sinonimuri

erTeulebiT ar amoiwureba. isini ganawilebulia sxvadasxva semantikur

jgufSi, razedac gzadagza gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas. sanimuSod aRebuli

ganxiluli masala ki mowmobs, rom polisemiuri sityvebi es aris calkeuli

leqsikur-semantikuri variantebis kona da amgvari konis TiToeul Reros

aqvs Tavisi mniSvnelobebi, romlebic erTiandebian ra saerTo mniSvnelobiT,

qmnian sinonimur wyvilebsa Tu mwkrivebs. maSasadame, polisemiuri sityvebi

sinonimuri xdebian erT-erTi mniSvnelobiT, meoriT ki SeiZleba

gansxvavdebodnen, rac qmnis axali sinonimuri mwkrivis miRebis safuZvels.

yvela es SemTxveva gviCvenebs, rom sinonimebs enaSi arseboba SeuZliaT,

rogorc reformatski aRniSnavs, Semdegi formuliT: ìgivea da arc mTlad

igive~, anu ori sityva, romelic erTi mniSvnelobiT emTxveva erTmaneTs,

meoriT _ gaemijneba (149, 69-70).

2.2. sityvaTwarmoebiT miRebuli leqsikur sinonimTa jgufebi

sityvaTwarmoeba leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebis erT-erTi mTavari

wyaroa. igi pirdapir kavSirSia rogorc enis gramatikul wyobasTan, ise

mis leqsikur maragTan. sityvaTwarmoebisa da leqsikologiis mWidro

kavSiri gansakuTrebiT mkafiod Cans iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac saqme gvaqvs

sinonimur mawarmoeblebTan (67, 135). v. vinogradovi miuTiTebs, rom

sityvaTwarmoebis yoveli SemTxvevis axsna wminda morfologiuri cnebebiT

da kategoriebiT ar xerxdeba. TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom gramatikis miRma

rCeba sityvaTwarmoebiTi sinonimiis sakiTxebi (124, 198). mecnieri iZleva

sityvaTwarmoebis aseT klasifikacias: morfologiuri, sintaqsur-

morfologiuri, sintaqsuri, leqsikur-morfologiuri. am klasifikaciis

gaTvaliswinebiT sinonimTa warmoeba am ukanasknels, leqsikur-

morfologiur saxeobas miekuTvneba.

r. rogoJnikovis mixedviT, sityvaTwarmoebis gziT miRebuli axali

leqsemebi xasiaTdebian àra marto morfologiuri struqturis

TaviseburebiT, aramed aqvT axali leqsikuri mniSvneloba, romelsac

44

atareben sufiqsebi da TavsarTebi~ (150, 153). maSasadame, sityvaTmawarmoebeli

elementebi leqsikuri sinonimiis sazRvrebSi Sedian (133, 139).

oTxTavis teqstSi warmoqmnili leqsikuri sinonimebis mravali

SemTxveva gvxvdeba. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis derivaciuli mawarmoeblebi

erTvian msgavsi semantikis mqone fuZeebs, romlebTanac dakavSirebulia

amosavali leqsemis sagnobrivi mniSvneloba da viRebT sxvadasxva saxis

sinonimuri mniSvnelobis semantikur jgufebs. saxarebis teqstSi gamoiyofa

sinonimuri mniSvnelobis abstraqtuli, qonebis, uqonlobis, xelobis,

daniSnulebis... saxelebi; msgavsi mniSvnelobis mqone yvela gvarisa da

drois mimReoburi leqsika; kompoziciiT warmoqmnili sinonimuri rigebi da

sxv.

2.2.1. abstraqtuli saxelebiT gadmocemuli sinonimuri sityvebi

sinonimuri mniSvnelobis abstraqtul saxelTagan vxvdebiT sxvadasxva

afiqsebiT nawarmoeb leqsikur erTeulebs. Cveni masalis mixedviT

produqtulia sufiqsebi -eba, -oba; konfiqsebi: si- -e, si- -o. aRniSnuli

mawarmoeblebi fuZed iyeneben msgavsi semantikis Semcvel sxvadasxva

metyvelebis nawils da viRebT abstraqtul saxelTa sinonimur rigebs.

abstraqtul saxelebs zogjer sinonimebad miemarTebian sxva saxis

sityvebic (sawyisi, mimReoba, zmna, kompoziti da a. S).

sneuleba _ uZlureba _ araZleba _ guemuleba _ salmoba _ mÃurvaleba _

sicxe

sneuleba _ uZlureba _ araZleba:

ganhkurnebden yovelTa s n e u l e b a T a da u Z l u r e b a T a,

m. 10, 1 DEC.

viTarca esma iesus, Tqua: igi s n e u l e b a Á ara ars sasikudine, i.

11, 4 C;

viTarca esma iesus, Tqua: ese u Z l u r e b a Á ara ars sasikudinÀ,

DE.

ix. agreTve: l. 13, 11; i. 5, 5.

45

ganhkurnebda yovelTa s n e u l e b a T a da yoelTa a r a Z l e-

b a T a erisaTa, m. 4, 23 DEC.

sneul-eb-a: seni niSnavs `raÁc(a) avadoba daesenebis cxo(v)elsa, anu

gardedebis; senad vityviT yo(v)elTa qceulebaTa bunebisasa~ (54). sneuli ki

ganimarteba, rogorc `senis mqonebeli~ (54); ùZlebi, avadmyofi~ (92; 6; 33). am

zedsarTavi saxelisagan (sneuli) miRebuli abstraqtuli leqsema sneuleba

ki ganimarteba, rogorc `senT darTva, seni satkivari~ (92); àvadmyofoba~

(33). sneuleba warmoadgens moxmobili sinonimuri rigis dominant leqsemas,

romlis mniSvnelobas, àvadmyofobas~ Seicavs misi mewyvile yvela erTeuli,

xolo mwkrivis calkeuli wevrebi sxvadasxva diferencialuri niSnebiT

ganirCevian dominantisagan, romlebic miuTiTeben avadmyofobis gamomwvev

mizezebze.

u-Zl-ur-eb-a//araZleba: u-Zl-ur-i Zal-/Zl- Zirze darTuli u-ur

uqonlobis saxelTa konfiqsiT iwarmoeba da ganimarteba, rogorc

`SeuZlebeli, gina sneuli~ (53; 92); `dauZlurebuli, avadmyofi, uZluri~ (6,

33). uZlureba//araZleba ki niSnavs imave `SeuZleblobas, avadmyofobas,

sneulebas~ (92, 33). avadmyofobis gamomwvevi mizezi SeiZleba iyos

sxvadasxvagvari da maT Soris fizikurad `dauZlureba~, Zalis arqona.

swored am azrobrivi niuansiT emijneba uZlureba//araZleba leqsemebi

sinonimuri rigis ZiriTad wevrs _ sneulebas.

sinonimuri paralelizmi dasturdeba sneuleba//uZlureba sneuleba//

araZleba wyvilebs Soris m. 10, 1; m. 4, 23 magaliTebSi, rasac berZnulSi

efardeba leqsemebi àvadmyofoba, uZlureba~ (127). wyvilTagan

meore wevrebi uZlureba//araZleba meti konkretulobiT gamoirCevian. maTSi

ikveTeba is mizezi (fizikurad dauZlureba), rac avadmyofobis gamomwvevad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

guemuleba:

viTarca Seaxo, meyseulad ganÃma wyaroÁ igi widovnebisa misisaÁ, da

cna ÃorcTagan, rameTu ganikurna g u e m u l e b i s a g a n, mr. 5, 29 DE.

46

guem-ul-eb-a: guema niSnavs `cemas, tanjvas~ (33, 92). guemuli, ki

Sesabamisad `nacems, natanjs~ warmoadgens (33, 92). aRniSnuli mimReobidan

nawarmoebi abstraqtuli saxeli guemuleba, romelsac gadmoscems

berZnulSi leqsema = àvadmyofobas, tanjvas~ (127, 33).

sneuleba _ salmoba:

gankurnna iesu mravalni s n e u l e b i s a g a n maTisa da

s a l m o b i s a g a n, l. 7, 21 DEC.

rameTu ese yoveli dasabami s a l m o b a T a M ars, m. 24, 8 DEC.

raodenTa aqunda s a l m o b a Á da Seexnes, ganikurnebodes, mr. 3, 10

DE.

salm-ob-a lmoba fuZidan miRebuli abstraqtuli saxelia, rac niSnavs

`tkivils, avadmyofobas, satkivars~ (53; 33). moxmobil konteqstebSi salmoba,

romelsac berZnulSi gadmoscems igive sityva, tkivilisagan

gamowveul àvadmyofobas~ aRniSnavs. igi l. 7, 21 magaliTSi sneulebas

mosdevs winadadebaSi da sinonimuri paralelizmi iqmneba maT Soris.

salmoba dasaxelebul SemTxvevaSi ufro azustebs winamavali sityvis

sneulebis Sinaarss da akonkretebs, rom avadmyofoba SeiZleba gamowveuli

iyos xorcieli tkivilis Sedegad.

mÃurvaleba _ sicxe:

upyra Ãeli da aRadgina igi; da dauteva igi m Ã u r v a l e b a m a n,

mr. 1, 31 DE;

upyra Ãeli da aRadgina; da dauteva igi s i c x e m a n man, C.

ix. agreTve: m. 8, 14; 8, 15; mr. 1, 30.

m-Ãurv-al-eb-a//si-cx-e: am leqsemebs ori mniSvneloba aqvT: 1.

`gacxeleba, sicxare, simxurvale~; 2. `seni sicxisa, gaxurveba sisxlisa

sneulebisgan, cieb-cxeleba, avadmyofoba~ (53; 92; 6; 33). aRniSnuli

abstraqtuli saxelebi moxmobil magaliTebSi (mr. 1, 31...) me-2 mniSvnelobas,

`sneulebas, cieb-cxelebas~ gamoxataven, xolo pirveli mniSvnelobiT isini

sxva sinonimTa rigSi Sedian. maSasadame, sinonimuri wyvili mÃurvaleba//

sicxe temperaturis awevis Sedegad gamowveul avadmyofobas gulisxmobs,

47

romelsac berZnulSi gadmoscems leqsema `sicxiani yofna, cieb-

cxeleba~ (145; 127).

amdenad, ganxiluli sinonimuri abstraqtivebis sayrden, dominantur

leqsemas warmoadgens sneuleba, rac àvadmyofobas~ niSnavs. es semantikuri

niSani àvad yofna~ aerTianebs mwkrivSi Semaval yvela sinonimur erTeuls,

xolo maT Soris gansxvavebas axdenen is diferencialuri niSnebi, anu

sinonimTa diferencialuri komponentebi, romlebic avadmyofobis gamomwvev

mizezze miuTiTeben.

swavla//swaveba _ mcneba _ moZRureba _ qadageba

mcneba _ moZRureba _ swavla:

dagitevebies m c n e b a Á RmrTisaÁ da gipyries m o Z R u r e b a Á

kacTaÁ, mr. 7, 8 DE;

dagitevebies m c n e b a Á RmrTisaÁ da gipyries s w a v l a Á

kacTaÁ, C.

ix. agreTve: mr. 7, 9.

moZRureba _ swaveba:

iyo m o Z R u r e b a d maTa viTar Ãelmwife, mr. 1, 22 C;

a s w a v e b d a maT, viTarca-igi vis aqun ÃelmwifebaÁ, DE.

swavla//swaveba dasaxelebuli sinonimuri rigis dominant erTeulad

miiCneva, romelic semantikuri da eqspresiuli niSniT neitraluri leqsemaa.

swavla 1. àrs raÁ(c) ara icodes, uTxras da swvarTos~; 2. `swavla ars

qadageba~; 3. `xolo sxva swavla ars sakanonod Soltis miReba, viTarca

weril ars 2, 12 fsalm., 23, 16-22 luka: `vswavlo ege da ganuteo~ (64; 92; 6;

33). swavlas berZnulSi gadmoscems leqsema `swavla; darigeba, Wkuis

swavleba; qadageba~ (127; 145).

mcn-eb-a qarTveluri *mcen-/mcn- Ziridan momdinareobs, romlis

amosavali semantika aris `dabareba; Setyobineba~ (65). mcneba ramdenime

mniSvnelobas (lsv-s) Seicavs: 1. `mcneba, sakuTrad: aTni saufloni mcnebani,

RGTisa mier micemulni mosesadmi~; 2. `brZaneba, akrZalva~; 3. `niSani~... mcneba

dasaxelebul konteqstebSi (mr. 7, 8; 7, 9) uflis mier danabareb àT mcnebas~

48

aRniSnavs, romelsac berZnulSi gadmoscems leqsema `mcneba, brZaneba;

Setyobineba~ (145; 168; 127).

mo-ZRu-r-eb-a saerToqarTveluri *ZeRG-/ZRG- Ziridan momdinareobs.

`qarTul ZeRu/-ZRu- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli jRv-/jR-,

lazuri njR- da svanuri JRG-/JeRG-/JoRG-/JoR-~ (65). ZeRG-/ZRu- Ziris

amosavali semantikaa `gagzavna; miZRvna, gaswreba~. moZRuaris Tavdapirveli

mniSvneloba `winamZRols~ ukavSirdeba, xolo Semdeg miiRo `damrigeblis,

maswavleblis~ mniSvneloba. moZRureba ganimarteba, rogorc `swavleba,

darigeba~ (92), romelsac berZnulSi efardeba `swavla, darigeba,

qadageba, moZRvreba~ (145; 168; 127). mcneba da moZRureba ganirCeva Semdegi

diferencialuri niuansebiT. Tu mcneba RvTis mier danabareb mcnebas

aRniSnavs, moZRureba adamianis _ moZRvris, maswavleblis `darigebas,

swavlebas~ gulisxmobs.

swavla _ qadageba:

raJams daasrulna iesu brZanebani ese aTormetTa mimarT mowafeTa

TÂsTa, warvida mier q a d a g e b a d da s w a v l a d qalaqebsa missa,

m. 11, 1 DEC.

mieriTgan iwyo iesu q a d a g e b a d da sityvad, m. 4, 17 DEC.

merme kualad iwyo s w a v l a d zRÂs kidesa zeda, mr. 1, 4 DEC.

qadageba niSnavs: 1. `maRlis xmiT swavleba~; 2. `ganTqma, xmis dagdeba~

(54; 92). qadageba moxmobil konteqstebSi pirvel mniSvnelobas `swavlas~

Seicavs. m. 11, 1 magaliTSi leqsemebi qadageba//swavla sinonimuri

paralelizmis saxiT dasturdeba, sadac qadageba stilisturi Tvalsazri-

siT emijneba swavlas, radgan masSi gamoiyofa eqspresiuli komponenti, rac

maRali xmiT `swavlebas, moZRvrebas~ gulisxmobs. swored aRniSnuli

semantikuri niSani ganarCevs qadageba leqsemas sinonimuri mwkrivis sxva

wevrebisagan.

sixaruli _ mxiaruleba _ mxiarul-yofa _ Sueba _ gancxroma _

saxioba _ pariT mRera

49

moxmobili sinonimuri rigis leqsemebs aerTianebs ZiriTadi

semantikuri niSani, rac yovelgvari sulieri da xorcieli siamovnebis

miRebas, `dasvenebas, garTobas~ ukavSirdeba.

mxiaruleba _ mxiarul-yofa _ sixaruli:

iyos Sen Tana s i x a r u l i da m x i a r u l e b a, da

mravalTa Sobasa missa ganixaron, l. 1, 14 DEC;


inebeT Jam erT m x i a r u l – y o f a Á naTelsa missa, i. 5, 35 C;

inebeT Jam erT s i x a r u l i naTelsa missa, DE.


si-xar-ul-i xar- Zirze darTuli si_ul sawyisis mawarmoebeli

konfiqsiT miiReba. sixaruli aris `yovlis Wmunvisagan Tavisufleba~;

`lxini, wveuleba~ (54; 92; 6). aRniSnuli leqsema Seicavs orive mniSvnelobas,

rogorc sulieri, aseve xorcieli mwuxarebisagan gaTavisuflebas. sixaruli

moxmobili sinonimuri rigis dominant erTeulad iTvleba, romelsac rigSi

Semavali leqsemebi sxvadasxva diferencialuri komponentebiT emijnebian.

m-xi-ar-ul-eb-a saerToqarTveluri *xi- Ziridan momdinareobs. `qarTul

xi- Zirs Seesatyviseba megruli xi- da svanuri xi-~. Sesatyvisobebi

dasturdeba maT semantikaSic (65). abstraqtuli saxeli mxiaruleba

miRebulia moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobisagan mxiaruli, rac niSnavs `gonebiT

gaxarebuls~ (53). mxiaruleba ki ganimarteba, rogorc `grZnoba sulierisa

gansvenebisa~ (92); `simxiarule~ (6). amdenad, mxiaruleba leqsemis semantika,

`sulier~ dasvenebas ukavSirdeba.

mxiaruleba _ sixaruli _ Sueba:

aw m x i a r u l e b a Á da s i x a r u l i jer-ars, rameTu ZmaÁ

ese Seni momkudar iyo da gancocxlda, l. 15, 32 DE;

S u e b a d da s i x a r u l a d jer ars, rameTu ZmaÁ ese Seni

momkudar iyo da gancocxlda, C.

Sueba ganimarteba, rogorc `moSveba; gina nebierad yofna~ (54);

`gancxroma, lxena, lxineba, lxini~ (92; 33). nebierad yofnas, nebas sabas

50

ganmartebiT, ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs. maT Soris aris èrTi romeli igi

nayrovanebisa, gansvenebisa da gemoTmoyvarebis~ (53) mniSvnelobas Seicavs.

maSasadame, Sueba `nayrovanebiT~, imave sma-WamiT da molxeniT miRebul

siamovnebas aRniSnavs.

mxiaruleba//sixaruli da Sueba//sixaruli l. 15, 32 magaliTSi

sinonimuri paralelizmis10 saxiT dasturdeba. maT Soris gansxvaveba,

rogorc aRiniSna, Semdegia: mxiaruleba `sulier~, xolo Sueba `xorciel~

dasvenebas gulisxmobs. sixaruli ki am orive komponents Seicavs.. aRniSnul

wyvilebs berZnulSi Seesatyviseba leqsemebi `sixaruli,

mxiaruleba, siamovnebis miReba, zeimoba~ (145; 168; 127).

Sueba _ gancxroma:

ZÀ Cemi momkudar iyo da cxomda, warwymedul iyo da ipova, da iwyes

S u e b a d, l. 15, 24 C.

ZÀ ese Cemi momkudar iyo da gancocxlda, warwymedil iyo da ipova. da

iwyes g a n c x r o m a d, DE.

gan-cxr-om-a mxiarulebisa da dasvenebis erT-erTi saxea, rac niSnavs:

`TamaSobas, xumrobas, lxins, garTobas, Seqcevas~ (53; 92; 6). Sueba//gancxroma

erTeulebs c. kikviZe nukeva leqsemis sinonimur rigSi ganixilavs, romelic

yovelgvar `Ãorciel gansvenebas~ (39, 262-275) aRniSnavs. magram maT Soris

azrobrivi sxvaoba mainc SeimCneva. Sueba `nayrovanebiT, gemoTmoyvareobiT~

miRebul xorciel siamovnebas ukavSirdeba, xolo gancxroma `TamaSobiT,

xumrobiT, garTobiT~ miRebuli xorcieli siamovnebaa.

sixaruli _ saxioba _ gancxroma _ pariT mRera:

10 erTi striqonis farglebSi dadasturebuli sinonimuri mniSvnelobis

leqsemebi, romlebic specialur literaturaSi `sinonimuri paralelizmis~ saxiT

moixsenieba (94, 692), xSirad vlindeba oTxTavSi. calkeuli redaqciis erT

konteqstSi gamovlenil sinonimur wyvilebs qvemoT calke Tavi eZRvneba da masSi

ganvixilavT. magram zogjer maTi ama Tu im sinonimuri rigidan gamocalkeveba ar

xerxdeba da zogierT paralelur wyvilze gzadagza gveqneba msjeloba.

51

esmoda ÃmaM s i x a r u l i s a Á da g a n c x r o m i s a Á, l.

15, 25 DE;

esma ÃmaÁ s a x i o b i s a Á da p a r i T m e m R e r T a Á, C.

sa-xi-ob-a aseve garTobisa da dasvenebis nairsaxeobaa. igi qarTveluri

*xe-/xi- Ziridan momdinareobs, romlis amosavali semantika, i. abulaZis

mixedviT, berva-cemis Sedegad raime instrumentis xmis gamocemas aRniSnavs

(8, 218-219). leqsikonTa mixedviT saxioba èse ars musika mwyobri ZalTa da

sakravTani da Umoaneba tkbili, galoba Tu simRera~ (54; 92); `musika, simRera,

galoba~ (33).

pariT mRera. es frazeologiuri Sesityveba sixarulis sinonimad

moiazreba. pari sabas ganmartebiT, niSnavs `lins~, xolo lini ki aris

`rvalis saCxarunebeli didi~ (53); `maTes Tavis Targmani: meorRaneTa,

menestveTa, qnariTa da liniTa metyvelTa, pirad-piradiTa siRodiTa

memRerTa~ (53); `mocekvave~ (33). maSasadame, pari `rvalis saCxarunebels~

niSnavs, xolo pariT memReri am saCxaruneblis xmaze an sxvadasxva

instrumentis gamocemul xmaze mocekvaves gulisxmobs.

saxioba da pariT mRera, agreTve sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT

gvxvdeba moxmobil magaliTebSi, romelTac miemarTeba aseve paralelurad

sixaruli da gancxroma. maT berZnulSi Seesatyviseba `gundi, xoro,

ferxuli; xoros simRera~ (168; 145; 127).

amdenad, sixaruli sulier da xorciel `dasvenebas, garTobas~ niSnavs,

xolo masTan sinonimur mimarTebaSi myofi leqsemebi, garTobis

sxvadasxvagvari nairsaxeobebia.

zakuva _ zakuleba _ orguleba _ ukeTureba _ siborote

zakuva _ zakuleba _ orguleba:

Sinagan savse xarT z a k u v i T a da uSjuloebiTa, m. 23, 28 C;

Sinagan xarT savse o r g u l e b i T a da uSjuloebiTa, DE.

uwyoda z a k u l e b a Á igi maTi, mr. 12, 15 C;

Tavadman icoda o r g u l e b a Á maTi, DE.

52

zaku-v-a//zaku-l-eb-a saerToqarTveluri *zaku- Ziridan momdinareobs

(65). `zakua ars piriT siyvarulsa iCemebdes da guliTa boroti daimarxos.

mzakvari eSmaki ars~ (53; 92); `veragoba, Ralati~ (6); `cbiereba, manqaneba,

xerxi~ (33). sawyisis formiT gadmocemuli zakuva leqsema da misgan

nawarmoebi abstraqtuli saxeli zakuleba Seicavs adamianis mier gulSi

Cadebul yovelgvar borot ganzraxvas. dasaxelebul mwkrivSi Semaval

sinonimur leqsemebs aerTianebs swored aRniSnuli semantikuri niSani,

romelsac isini sxvadasxvagvarad gadmoscemen.

or-gul-eb-a kompozituri Sedgenilobis sityvaa. orguli, sabas

ganmartebiT, niSnavs èrTs pirze daudgromels~ (53), xolo abstraqtuli

saxeli orguleba ki aRniSnavs `daundoblobas, eWvianobas, cbierebas,

pirmoTneobas, orpirobas, TvalTmaqcobas, uwrfelobas, Ralats~ (92; 6; 33).

orguleba berZnulSi gadmoicema leqsemiT `motyueba,

TvalTmaqcoba, farisevloba, pirmoTneoba, mliqvneloba~ (145; 168; 127).

zakuleba _ ukeTureba:

gulisÃma-yo iesu z a k u l e b a Á igi maTi, m. 22, 18 DE;

gulisÃma-yo iesu u k e T u r e b a Á igi maTi, C.

Sinagan gulisagan kacTaÁsa gamovlen... u k e T u r e b a n i, mr. 7, 22

DEC.

u-keT-ur-eb-a qarTveluri *keT- zmnuri Ziridan momdinareobs (65).

ukeTuri èse ars mCemebeli keTilisa da moqmedi borotebisa~ (54);

`keTilobis garegani, avi kaci, cudi kaci,~ (92); `cudi, boroti, cbieri,

veragi~ (33). aRniSnul Tvisebebs warmoaCens ganzogadebulad abstraqtuli

saxeli ukeTureba, rac niSnavs `borotebas, cbierebas, veragobas~ (33).

maSasadame, zakuleba leqsemas igi miemarTeba `cbierebis, veragobis~

mniSvnelobiT.

siborote:

kma ars dRisaÁ mis s i b o r o t À igi, m. 6, 34 DEC.

si-bor-ot-e Zvel qarTulSi somxuris meSveobiT nasesxebi sityvaa,

romelsac aWariani ukavSirebs saS. sparsul bo r Zirs (4, 82). Bbor- Zirze

53

darTuli `-ot aris somxuri mawarmoebeli da mTliani gamoTqma boroti

niSnavs `keTrovans~. qarTulSi mas ùkeTuris~ mniSvneloba aqvs~ (59, 189).

boroti ganimarteba, rogorc àvis moqmedi da avi; vnebis momcemi~ (53; 92). am

zedsarTavidan miRebuli abstraqtuli saxeli siborote `borotebas, siaves,

ukeTurebas~ (6) niSnavs. maSasadame, ukeTureba da siborote erTi da imave

mniSvnelobis Semcvelia. gansxvaveba maT Soris mxolod ZirTa

warmomavlobaSia. pirveli sakuTriv qarTuli keT- Ziris mqonea, xolo meore

_ saS. sparsuli bo r Ziridan somxuris meSveobiT nasesxebi.

amrigad, sinonimuri mniSvnelobis abstraqtul saxelebs metwilad

safuZvlad udevT raime Tvisebis aRmniSvneli sityva (zedsarTavi, mimReoba

da a. S.), xolo maTgan nawarmoebi ganyenebuli saxelebi meoreulia.

abstraqtul saxelTa TiToeul sinonimur rigSi gamoiyofa mTavari,

dominanturi leqsema, romelic calkeul wevrTa saerTo mniSvnelobas

Seicavs, xolo Tavad sinonimur mwkrivSi Semavali sxvadasxva wevrebi

(sawyisi, mimReoba, kompoziti; frazeologiuri Sesityveba) Tavisuflad

enacvlebian maT msgavs konteqstebSi da emijnebian sxvadasxva diferenci-

aluri niSnebiT, diferencialuri komponentebiT.

2.2.2. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis mqone qonebis saxelebi

sinonimuri mniSvnelobis qonebis saxelebSi erTmaneTs miemarTebian

-ier, -ovan, -osan sufiqsebiT nawarmoebi leqsemebi. sinonimuri monacvleoba

dasturdeba aseve qonebis saxelebsa da sxva saxis sityvebs Sorisac

(mimReobebi, kompozitebi...)

mdidari _ fasieri _ nayofieri

qonebis saxelebiT gadmocemul moxmobili sinonimuri mwkrivis wevrebs

aerTianebs simdidris mflobeli subieqtis saerTo semantikuri mniSvneloba.

aRniSnul mniSvnelobas yvelaze naTlad gadmoscems leqsema mdidari,

amitom igi mwkrivis dominanta wevria.

mdidari _ fasieri:

m d i d a r i Zniad Sevides sasufevelsa RmrTisasa, m. 19, 23 DEC.

54

Znel ars f a s i e r T a Á SesulaM sasufevelsa RmrTisasa, mr. 10,

23 DEC.

warvida mwuxared, rameTu iyo igi m d i d a r friad, m. 19, 22 DE;

warvida mwuxared, rameTu iyo igi f a s i e r friad, C.

mdidari _ nayofieri

viTarca esma ese mas, mwuxare iqmna, rameTu iyo igi m d i d a r

friad, l. 18, 23 DEC.

xolo igi Sewuxna sityuasa mas zeda da warvida mwuxared, rameTu iyo

igi n a y o f i e r friad, mr. 10, 22 C;

m-did-ar nawarmoebia zedsarTavi saxelisagan didi, romelic

saerToqarTveluri *did- Ziridan momdinareobs. `qarTul did- Zirs

kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli did- da lazuri did-~. Sesatyvisobebi

vlindeba maT semantikaSic (65). did- Zirze darTuli m_ar konfiqsi

moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobis mawarmoebeli formantia (81; 60). mdidari

ganimarteba, rogorc `mravlis mqonebeli~ (53; 92); ùxvi, qonebiani~ (6).

mdidars berZnulSi Seesatyviseba `fasiani, qonebiani, mdidari...~

(145; 168; 127).

fas-ier miRebulia arsebiTi saxelis fas- Zirisagan qonebis saxelTa

mawarmoebeli -ier sufiqsis darTviT. fasi Zvel qarTulSi nasesxebi

sityvaa. mz. andronikaSvilis azriT, igi modis Zveli alanuri *faes (fas)

formidan (4, 112-113). fasis Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba ukavSirdeba

`wvrilfexa saqonels, saSualo zomis cxvars~, rogorc vaWrobis erTeuls,

xolo qonebis, simdidris mniSvneloba man SemdgomSi SeiZina. fasieri

niSnavs `qonebis patrons, qonebians, mdidars~ (6; 33).

na-yof-ier: nayofi yof- zmnuri fuZidan miRebuli warsuli drois

vnebiTi gvaris mimReobaa da zedsarTauli abstraqtivis (nayofieri)

amosavlad swored igi moiazreba. nayofi ganimarteba, rogorc `misgan

gamonaRebi, gina xili, gina naqmari~. nayofieri ki ZiriTadad niSnavs

`nayofis momcems, nayofis momtans, nayofians, msxmoiares~ (53; 92; 6), xolo

`qonebianis, mdidris~ (33) mniSvneloba meoreulia.

55

ganxiluli sinonimuri rigis qonebis saxelebs mdidari//fasieri//

nayofieri aerTianebs, rogorc zemoT iTqva, `simdidris, qonebis~ mflobeli

subieqtis mniSvneloba. isini mxolod ZirTa warmoebis TvalsazrisiT

ganirCevian erTmaneTisagan. mdidari miRebulia zedsarTavi saxelisagan

didi, fasieri iwarmoeba nasesxebi arsebiTi saxelisagan fasi, xolo

nayofieri iwarmoeba vnebiTi gvaris warsuli drois mimReobisagan nayofi,

rac Tavis mxriv yof zmnuri fuZidan miiReba.

brZeni _ gonieri _ mecnieri _ swavluli _ ganswavluli

dasaxelebuli sinonimuri mwkrivis leqsemebi aRniSnaven `naswavl,

mcodne~ pirovnebas, rac sxvadasxva saxis nawarmoebi sityvebiT gadmoicema.

dominantad ki SeiZleba gamoiyos qonebis saxeli mecnieri, romelic

saerTo mniSvnelobis Semcvelia da semantikurad ufro neitralurobiT

gamoirCeva, Tumca sinonimuri erTeulebi brZens metad uwyvildebian.

brZeni _ gonieri:

vinme ars sarwmunoÁ igi monaÁ da b r Z e n i, m. 24, 45 DE;

vinme ukue ars sarwmunoÁ igi monaÁ da g o n i e r i, C.

emsgavsos igi kacsa b r Z e n s a, m. 7, 24 C;

emsgavsos igi kacsa mas g o n i e r s a, DE.

brZeni, mz. andronikaSvilis azriT, momdinareobs saS. sparsuli

sityvidan frazanak `brZeni, mecnieri~ (4, 296). brZeni ganimarteba, rogorc

,,didad Wkviani~ (53); `friad gonieri, mecnieri~ (92; 6). brZens berZnulSi

Seesatyviseba leqsema `gonieri, keTilgonieri, brZeni, Wkviani~ (145;

168; 127).

gon-ier-i saerToqarTveluri *gon- zmnuri Ziridan momdinareobs,

romlis amosavali mniSvnelobaa `mixvedra, gagebineba~ (65). gonieri

ganimarteba Semdegnairad: `gonebiani, gulisÃmieri~ (53), `Wkuiani, mcodne~ (6).

gonebas ki saba Semdegnairad ganmartavs `goneba sam saxed iTqmis: goneba

RmerTi, goneba angelozi da goneba Cveni~ (53). Cveni masalis mixedviT,

gonieri `Wkvians, mcodnes, gulisxmiers (mimxvedri), gamgebs~ aRniSnavs,

rasac berZnulSi gadmoscems igive leqsema

56

brZeni _ mecnieri:

dahfare ese b r Z e n T a g a n da m e c n i e r T a da

gamoucxade ese CCÂlTa, m. 11, 25 DEC.


arRa m e c n i e r iyo wignTa, viTarmed jer-ars misa mkudreTiT

aRdgomad, i. 20, 9 C.

iyveniT Tquen m e c n i e r, viTarca guelni, m. 10, 16 DEC.

me-cn-ier-i qarTveluri *can-/cn- Zirisagan momdinareobs. qarTul cn-

/can- Zirs Seesatviseba megr. Cin- da laz. Cin-. Sesatyvisobebi dasturdeba

maT semantikaSic (65). mecnieris mniSvnelobebia `mcnobeli~ (53). `swavluli,

gamocdili swavlaTa Sina// nacnobi~ (92). Cveni masalis mixedviT mecnieri

`mcodnes, swavluls~ niSnavs. m. 11, 25 magaliTSi leqsemebi brZeni//mecnieri

sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT aris warmodgenili, romelTac berZnulSi

erTi leqsema `gonieri, brZeni, Wkviani~ (127; 145) efardeba. wyvilis

wevrTagan pirveli nasesxebia saS. sparsulidan, xolo meore sakuTriv

qarTuli warmoSobis mqonea.

swavluli _ ganswavluli:

weril ars winawarmetyuelTa, viTarmed: iyvnen yovelni RmrTiT s w a v-

l u l, i. 6, 45 DE;

weril ars winawarmetyuelTa: da iyvnen yovelni g a n s w a v l u l

RmrTisa mier, C.

swavl-ul-i//gan-swavl-ul-i warsuli drois vnebiTi gvaris mimReobaTa

formebia da ganimarteba, rogorc `gawrTvnili, mcodne, mecnieri~ (6).

maSasadame, dasaxelebuli leqsemebi mecniers miemarTebian sinonimebad,

mxolod isini swavlaSi `gawrTvnil~ pirovnebebs gulisxmoben.

amdenad, ganxiluli sinonimuri mwkrivis sityvebi brZeni//gonieri//

mecnieri//swavluli//ganswavluli aRniSnaven `mcodne, naswavl~ pirovnebas.

dominant erTeulad SeiZleba miviCnioT mecnieri, romelic Seicavs saerTo

mniSvnelobas da semantikuri niSniT SedarebiT neitraluria. mwkrivSi

Semavali wevrebi ki mas Semdegi diferencialuri komponentebiT emijnebian:

57

brZeni Seicavs sinonimur-diferencialur komponents _ (sdk-s), romelic

miuTiTebs Tvisebis yvelaze maRal xarisxze: `didad Wkviani~; gonieri

gulisÃmiers~, anu Sinaganad `mimxvedrs~ niSnavs;; swavluli//ganswavluli ki

swavlaSi `gawvrTnil~ pirovnebas warmoadgens.

saxieri _ qvelis-moqmedi _ keTili

saxieri _ qvelis-moqmedi:

moZRuaro s a x i e r o, raÁme keTili vqmne, raÁTa maqundes cxorebaÁ

saukunoÁ, m. 19, 16 DE;

moZRuar q v e l i s m o q m e d, raÁ keTili vqmne, raÁTa maqundes

cxorebaÁ saukunoÁ, C.

romelTa ÃelmwifebaÁ aqus maT zeda, q v e l i s m o q m e d hrqÂan,

l. 22, 25 DEC.

ix. agreTve: m. 19 17; mr. 10, 18.

sax-ier-i iwarmoeba arsebiTi saxelisagan saxe, romelic polisemiuria:

saxe niSnavs `saxes, Sesaxedaobas, garegan Sesaxedavs; magaliTs, msgavsebas;

gamoxatulebas; gvars; mizezs...~ (54; 92; 33). qonebis saxeli saxieri efuZneba

mis erT-erT mniSvnelobas `saxes, Sesaxedaobas, garegnobas~. saxnieri, igive

saxieri niSnavs `lamazs~, anu iseTs `romelsa yoveli saxe ganwyobili

hqondes da saqmiTac keTilismoqmedi iyos~ (64). maSasadame, saxieris

ZiriTadi mniSvnelobaa `keTilsanaxavi, mSvidobiani saxisa~ (92), xolo

`keTili, keTilis moqmedi~ (6; 33) Semdeg ganviTarebulia. saxiers efardeba

berZnulSi `kargi, Cinebuli, keTili; guluxvi, xelgaSlili; keTili,

mowyale~ (145; 168; 127).

qvelis-moqmedi: am kompozitis pirveli komponenti qveli niSnavs

`mowyales, gina keTils~, qvelis-moqmedi ki `mowyalebis moqmeds~ (54);

`keTilismyofels~ (92; 6; 33). qonebis saxeliT gadmocemul leqsemas saxieri

moxmobil magaliTebSi miemarTeba misi msgavsi mniSvnelobis Semcveli

kompoziti qvelis-moqmedi, rac sakuTriv qarTuli warmoSobis mqonea,

radgan berZnulSi mas efardeba martivi sityva

58

saxieri _ keTili:

guliTa k e T i l i T a da s a x i e r i T a isminian sityuaÁ da

SeikrZalian, l. 8, 15 DEC.

keT-il-i saerToqarTveluri *keT- Ziridan momdinareobs (65), rac

niSnavs `saxiers, tkbils~ (92) `kargs, saamos~ (6; 33). moxmobil magaliTebSi

(l. 19, 17; 8, 15) saxieri da keTili sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT

dasturdeba. am SemTxvevaSi teqstis mTargmneli, berZnulSi arsebuli erTi

sityvis ( fardad iyenebs misi mniSvnelobis mqone sinonimurad

monacvle erTeulebs, riTac winadadebas mxatvruli elferi emateba.

patiosani _ Suenieri _ sarwmuno:

patiosani _Suenieri:

movida iosef arimaTieli, p a t i o s a n i mzraxvali, mr. 15, 43 C;

movida ioseb arimaTieli, S u e n i e r i mzraxvali, DE.

pati-osan-i falauri *pativ formisagan momdinareobs (4, 264)11, rac

niSnavs `keTilis mipyrobas sityviTa da saqmiT~ (54). pativ formisagan

nawarmoebi qonebis saxeli patiosani ramdenime mniSvnelobas Seicavs: 1.

`pativcemuli, sapatio, cnobili~; 2. `namdvili, uzado, Seureveli~; 3.

`Zvirfasi; 4. `Sefasebuli~ (6; 33). patiosani dasaxelebuli sinonimuri rigis

sayrden leqsemas warmoadgens, romlis calkeul mniSvnelobebs ukavSirdeba

sinonimuri erTeulebi.

Suen-ier-i ganimarteba, rogorc `Seferebuli~ (54); `Snoiani,

keTilsaxilveli~ (92); `lamazi, mSvenieri; cnobili, saxelganTqmuli~ (6; 33).

Suenieri berZnulSi gadmoicema leqsemiT `pativcemuli; cnobili,

gavleniani, saxelganTqmuli; keTilSobili garegnobis, Rirseuli~ (145; 127).

maSasadame, igi ukavSirdeba sinonimad patiosnis pirvel mniSvnelobas.

patiosani _ sarwmuno:

11 nasesxebi leqsikis Semcvel sinonimur rigebze qvemoT calke gveqneba

sagangebo msjeloba. amjerad ki mxolod im erTeulebs ganvixilavT, romlebic

nawarmoebi leqsikis sinonimur rigebSi Sedian.

59

romelsa aqunda SiSiTa nelsacxebeli nardioni p a t i o s a n i, mr.

14, 3 C;

aqunda alabastriTa nelsacxebeli nardisa s a r w m u n o Á s a Á,

DE.

sa-rwmun-o: `dasajerebeli~ (54); ùeWvelad misando, Seuorgulebeli,

anu WeSmariti, namdÂli~ (92); `sando, saimedo; Seureveli, uzado~ (6; 33).

sarwmuno miemarTeba sinonimad patiosnis me-2 mniSvnelobas, romelsac

berZnulSi gadmoscems leqsema `sarwmuno, namdvili, wminda~ (145;

127).

2.2.3. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis mqone xelobis saxelebi

xelobis saxelTa sawarmoeblad gamoiyofa afiqsebi: me-e, m-ar, me-ur, me-

ul... aRniSnuli mawarmoeblebi erTvian msgavsi Sinaarsis mqone sxvadasxva

fuZeebs da viRebT sinonimuri mniSvnelobis mqone xelobis saxelebs.

meTevzuri _ mesaTxevle _ mTxevar

dasaxelebul sinonimur mwkrivSi Semaval xelobis saxelebs aerTianebs

`mebaduris~, anu Tevzis damWeri subieqtis semantikuri mniSvneloba.

mwkrivis dominant wevrad SeiZleba gamoiyos meTevzuri, romelic

mesaTxevle//mTxevar erTeulebTan SedarebiT semantikurad ufro

neitraluria. aRniSnuli sinonimuri erTeulebi berZnuli sityvis

is = `Tevzis damWeri, mebaduri, meTevze~ (145; 168; 127) Tarmnans

warmoadgenen.

mesaTxevle _ meTevzuri:

iTxevlides raÁ saTxevliTa zRuasa mas, rameTu iyvnes m e s a T x e v-

l e, m. 4, 18 DE;

isaTxevlides raÁ zRuasa mas, rameTu iyvnes igini m e T e v z u r, C.

me-Tevz-ur-i: Tevzi yovelnair wylis binadars hqvia (53; 92). Tevzisgan

nawarmoebi qonebis saxeli meTevzuri ki ganimarteba, rogorc `Tevzis

monadire, meTevze~ (53; 92); `Tevzis mWereli, mebaduri~ (6; 33). meTevzuri,

rogorc iTqva, sinonimuri mwkrivis mTavari wevria, xolo mesaTxevle//

60

mTxevar erTeulebSi ZiriTad mniSvnelobasTan erTad calkeuli azrobrivad

ganmasxvavebeli, diferencialuri niSnebi ikveTeba.

mesaTxevle _ mTxevar:

iTxevlides raÁ igini zRuasa mas, rameTu iyvnes igini m e s a T x e v -

l e, mr. 1, 16 DE;

isaTxevlides saTxeveliTa zRuasa, rameTu m T x e v a r iyvnes, C.

m e s a T x e v l e n i igi gamovides navisa misgan da ganhrcxides

badesa, l. 5, 2 DEC.

me-sa-Txev-l-e//m-Txev-ar qarTveluri *TxeG- Ziridan momdinareobs.

qarTuli Txev- Ziris amosavali semantika `nadirobas, Tevzaobas~

ukavSirdeba. mas Seesatyviseba svanurSi Txe-/Txu-, romlis mniSvnelobac

`Zebnas~, `nadirobas~ Seicavs. saTxeveli niSnavs `sasrol bades~ (54), xolo

mesaTxevle//mTxevari `meTevzes, mebadurs~ (6; 33). moxmobili sinonimuri

wyvili semantikurad erTi da imave mniSvnelobis Semcvelia. gansxvaveba maT

Soris mxolod warmoebis TvalsazrisiT SeimCneva. mesaTxevle me_e

konfiqsiT nawarmoebi xelobis saxelia, xolo mTxevari m_ar konfiqsiT

miRebul moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobas warmoadgens.

mesaTxevle//mTxevari sinonimuri wyvili uSualod miuTiTebs, rom

subieqti Tevzis Sesapyrobad iyenebs saTxevels, anu `sasrol bades~, anu

masSi ikveTeba is instrumenti, xelsawyo, riTac xdeba Tevzis daWera.

aRniSnuli diferencialuri komponentiT gamoirCevian isini mwkrivis

mTavari wevrisagan.

mwyemsi _ meRore:

m w y e m s n i igi maTni ivltodes da uTxres qalaqsa da dabnebsa,

mr. 5, 14 DE;

m e R o r e n i igi ivltodes da uTxres qalaqsa da dabnebsa, C.

mwyems-i qarTuli *mwyes- Zirisagan momdinareobs, romelsac

Seesatyviseba megr. WyeS-/WyiS- da laz. mWkeS-/WkeS-. Sesatyvisobebi vlindeba

maT semantikaSic (65) mwyemsi ganimarteba, rogorc `mecxvare; mwyemsi,

mRdeli; mwyemsi ars mecxvare, xolo kacTa mwyemsi _ mRdeli~ (53);

61

`maZovebeli xvastagTa, viTar mecxuare, menaxire, meRore, mejoge da sxv.,

mwyemsi kacTa e. i. mRudeli~ (92); `menaxire~ (6). aRniSnul mniSvnelobaTagan

mwyemsi Cvens SemTxvevaSi Rorebis meTvalyures niSnavs.

me-Ror-e agreTve qarTuli *Ror- Ziris mqone leqsemaa, romlis

Sesatyvisia megr. Rej- da laz. Rej-. aRniSnuli Zirebis msgavseba

dasturdeba semantikuradac (65). me-e konfiqsiT miRebuli xelobis saxeli

meRore aris `mwyemsi, maZovebeli RorTa~ (92).

mwyemsi//meRore sinonimur wyvilTagan, i. imnaiSvilis TqmiT, meRore

ufro konkretulobiT gamoirCeva, rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia adiSis

teqstisaTvis (29, 192). aRniSnul sinonimur erTeulebs berZnulSi efardeba

`mwyemsi~ (145; 168; 127).

2.2.4. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis mqone daniSnulebis saxelebi

daniSnulebis saxelebSi gvxvdeba sa-e, sa-el, sa-ul mawarmoeblebiT

miRebuli sinonimuri mniSvnelobis leqsemebi. daniSnulebis saxelebs

miemarTebian sinonimebad sxva saxis sityvebic.

bade _ saTromeli _ saTxeveli

moxmobili sinonimuri mwkrivis wevrTa saerTo mniSvnelobaa `Tevzis

saWeri~ xelsawyo. mwkrivis dominantaa semantikuri niSniT neitraluri

leqsema bade, romelsac berZnulSi Seesatyviseba `bade, saTxeveli~

(145; 127), xolo saTromeli da saTxeveli, romlebic leqsema -s

(`dasaWeri, saTrevi bade~ 145; 168; 127) Targmans warmoadgenen, ZiriTad

mniSvnelobasTan erTad Seicaven diferencialur komponentebsac, rac

ganarCevs maT mwkrivis mTavari wevrisagan.

bade _ saTromeli:

hsdeviT b a d À ege marjueniT kerZo, i. 21, 6 DE;

sdeviT-Ra marjul kerZo navisa magis s a T r o m e l i ege, C.

gamoiTrevdes b a d e s a mas TevziTa savsesa, i. 21, 8 DEC.

ix. agreTve: i. 21, 11; mr. 1, 19.

bad-e saerToqarTveluri *bad- Ziridan momdinareobs. es sityva

ixmareba `badis~, agreTve, òbobas qselis~ mniSvnelobiT. semantikuri

62

Sesatyvisobebia qarTul bad- da svan. bad- Zirebs Soris (65). bade

Semdegnairad ganimarteba `bade saxeli ars yoelTa mkedTa Tvaledad

naskulTa...; bade ars TevzTa Sesapyrobeli: saTxeveli, xolixi, Rriponi,

CiCqinuri, mase, zeRma, xelbade da egeviTarni~ (53; 92); `sanadiro bade~ (6).

dasaxelebuli sinonimuri rigis erTeulebi TevzsaWeri badis

semantikiT ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs.

sa-Tr-om-el-i Tr- Zirze darTuli sa-el daniSnulebis saxelTa

mawarmoebeli konfiqsiT aris miRebuli. `saTromeli ese bade grZeli da

Sors mosayari saTevzed; didi bade~ (54); `saTromeli, anu saTreveli,

saTxeveli bade, grZeli da Sorsagdebi~ (92); `saTrevi bade~ (33).

bade _ saTxeveli:

maT meyseulad dauteves b a d À maTi m. 4, 20 DE;

maT meyseulad dauteves s a T x e v e l n i maTni, C.

sa-Txev-el-i saerToqarTveluri *TxeG- Ziridan momdinareobs, rac

`Tevzis daWeris~ semantikas Seicavs (65), xolo masze darTuli sa-el

daniSnulebis saxelTa mawarmoebeli konfiqsia. saTxeveli ewodeba `sasrol

bades~ (54; 92; 33).

maSasadame, saTromeli da saTxeveli, romelic mxolod C

redaqciisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, ZiriTad mniSvnelobasTan erTad

Seicaven diferencialur niSnebs, kerZod: saTromeli _ `grZeli, saTrevi~

bade; saTxeveli _ `sasroli~ bade, riTac azusteben TevsaWeri xelsawyos

mniSvnelobas.

sasxdomeli _ sajdomeli _ savrZeli

moxmobili sinonimuri mwkrivis daniSnulebis saxelebi berZnuli

leqsema -s Targmans warmoadgenen, rac niSnavs `skams~ (127), anu

adamianisaTvis gankuTvnil dasajdom sagans. `skamis~ saerTo mniSvneloba

moepoveba mwkrivis yvela wevrs, romlebic aseve Seicaven ganmasxvavebel

diferencialur niSnebsac.

63

sasxdomeli _ sajdomeli:

s a s x d o m e l i igi msyidelTaÁ maT tredisaTaÁ daumÃua, m. 21, 12

DE;

Teslis mofardulTaÁ daumÃua da s a j d o m e l e b i, romeli

yiddes tredebsa, C.

sa-jd-om-el-i//sa-sxd-om-el-i ricxvSi monacvle zi-//jed- da sxed-

Zirebidan aris miRebuli sa-el daniSnulebis saxelTa mawarmoebeli

konfiqsiT (81; 60, 144-145). sajdomeli//sasxdomeli ganimarteba, rogorc

`dasajdomeli~ (92); `skami, savarZeli~ (6); `grZeli skami, skamebi~ (33).

sajdomelsa da sasxdomels Soris maTi Zirebis mixedviT aris mxolod

sxvaoba. sajdomeli erTi pirovnebisTvis gankuTvnil `skams~ niSnavs, xolo

sasxdomeli mravalis `dasajdoms~ gulisxmobs.

sasxdomeli _savrZeli:

s a s x d o m e l e b i igi msyidelTaÁ maT tredisaTaÁ daumÃua, mr.

11, 15 DE;

s a v r Z l e b i igi tredis mofardulTaÁ daamÃua, C.

sa-vrZ-el-i qarTveluri *GarZ- Ziris Semcveli leqsemaa. `savaraudoa,

rom Zvel qarTulSi dadasturebul formaTagan amosavali unda iyos sa-vrZ-

el- (sa-el cirkumfiqsis darTvam Ziriseuli a-s reduqcia gamoiwvia).

qarTul sa-vrZ-el- fuZis kanonzomieri Sesatyvisia lazuri o-rZu `skami~

(65). savrZeli hqvia `xis skams~ (54); `xis skami keTilWrelebuli~ (92).

maSasadame, savrZeli igive `skamia~, oRond igi xis masalisgan damzadebul

dasajdoms warmoadgens.

2.3. mimReobiT gadmocemuli leqsikuri sinonimebi

mdidari da mravalferovania oTxTavi sinonimuri mniSvnelobis

mimReobebiT, romlebic Cveulebriv warmoqmnilia msgavsi semantikis mqone

zmnuri an saxeluri Zirebisagan. mimReoburi mawarmoeblebis siuxves a.

SaniZe qarTuli enis mravalsaukunovanebiT da Zveli qarTuli enis

dialeqtebis gavleniT xsnida. àrsad ar aris areuli erTmaneTSi

64

sxvadasxva epoqisa da sxvadasxva kilos qoneba, rogorc mimReobebis

formebSi~ (81, 569).

oTxTavis teqstSi gamovlenili sinonimuri rigebis agebaSi yvela

gvarisa da drois mimReobebi iReben monawileobas. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis

mimReobebi ZiriTadad miekuTvnebian sinonimTa leqsikur-semantikur tips,

romlebic aRsaniSni obieqtis sxvadasxva azrobriv niuansebze miuTiTeben,

an mniSvnelobis sxvadasxva diferencialuri komponentebiT ganirCevian

erTmaneTisagan. maSasadame, isini warmoadgenen nawilobriv, relatiur

sinonimebs, radgan mniSvnelobaTa sruli dafarva arc erTi wyvilis wevrTa

Soris ar SeimCneva (67, 292).

2.3.1. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobebi

msgavsi semantikis mqone moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobebSi produqtulia

m-, m-al, m-el, m-ar, m-ul mawarmoeblebi. aRniSnuli afiqsebiT warmoqmnili

mimReobebi urTierTmonacvleoben sxvadasxva saxis leqsikur erTeulebTan,

kerZod, abstraqtul saxelebTan, kompozitur odenobebTan, nasesxeb

sityvebTan da sxv.

mtarvali _ mguemeli _ mtanjveli:

ganurisxna mas ufali da misca igi ÃelTa m t a r v a l T a s a, m.

18, 34 E;

misca igi m g u e m e l T a, C;

misca igi ÃelTa m t a n j v e l T a s a, D.

dasaxelebul sinonimur mwkrivSi Semavali mimReobebi: mtarvali//

mguemeli//mtanjveli, romelTac berZnulSi efardeba leqsema

erTiandebian mefis, an batonis karze mosamsaxure `damsjelis, jalaTis~

(122) mniSvnelobiT. mwkrivSi mTavari sinonimuri erTeulis gamoyofa Wirs,

radgan aRniSnuli erTeulebi ZiriTad mniSvnelobasTan erTad Seicavs

ganmasxvavebel diferencialur komponentebsac.

m-tarv-al-i miRebulia tarv- Ziridan moqmedebiTi gvaris m_ar

konfiqsiT da ganimarteba, rogorc `mrisxane boqauli, mrisxane iasauli~

(53); `xeljoxiani, boqauli, iasauli~ (92); `mtanjveli, mwvalebeli, jalaTi~

65

(33). mtarvali sabas mixedviT, igive mandaturia, rac niSnavs mefeTa karze

myof `Ãelargnosan~ damsjels. maSasadame, mtarvali warmoadgens mefis

karze mosamsaxure `jalaTs~, romelic adamianebs uswordeba fizikurad,

joxis gamoyenebiT. aRniSnul leqsemaSi ikveTeba is komponenti _ joxi,

riTac xdeba adamianis dasja.

m-guem-el-i iwarmoeba qarTveluri *gGem- zmnuri Ziridan, romlis

semantika `cemas~ ukavSirdeba. `qarTul gGem- Ziris Sesatyvisi SeiZleba iyos

megruli gam-. megr. gam-u-a _ cema~ (65). mguemeli ganimarteba, rogorc

`mcemeli~ (53); `zedamdgomeli, Tavmdgomi, mouravi~ (6). mguemeli aRniSnavs

iseT `damsjel~ subieqts, romelic xalxs `cemiT~ uswordeba. maSasadame, aq

diferencialuri komponenti xeliT fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebaa.

m-tanj-v-el-i saS. sparsuli *tani, tank `viwro~ formidan momdinareobs

(4, 377) da ganimarteba, rogorc `tanjvis moqmedi~ (53); `mgvemeli, anu

ganmkiTxveli~ (92). maSasadame, mtanjveli imgvari subieqtia, romelic

adamians yovelgvari saSualebiT, fizikurad da moralurad aviwrovebs.

amdenad, ganxiluli moqmedebiTi gvaris sinonimur mimReobebSi ikveTeba

is ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, romlebic erTvian ZiriTad mniSvnelobas da

TiToeuli maTganis individualurobas warmoaCenen.

xucesi _ moxucebuli _ mRdeli _ beri:

xucesi _ moxucebuli:

zraxva-yves... x u c e s T a erisaTa iesusTÂs, m. 27, 1 C;

zraxva-yves... m o x u c e b u l T a erisaTa iesuÁsTÂs, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 27, 41; mr. 11, 27; i. 7, 45.

x-u-c-es-i//mo-x-u-c-eb-ul-i saerToqarTveluri Ziris mqone leqsemebia,

romelTac Seesatyviseba megr. u-C-aS da svan. x-o-S-a, rac ufrosis Sinaarsis

matarebelia (22, 187; 65). xucesi bibliur TargmanebSi gadmoicema sityviT

romelic Seicavs Semdeg mniSvnelobebs 1. `xalxis uxucesi

wevri, religiuri lideri~ (33); 2. `beri, moxucebuli an ufrosi pativiT~; 3.

`mRvdeli~ (127; 54; 92). xucesi ufroobiTi xarisxis formidan momdinareobs,

66

xolo moxucebuli ki moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobaa. moxmobil magaliTSi (m.

27, 1) isini `xalxis uxuces wevrs, religiur liders~ aRniSnaven.

xucesi _ mRdeli:

raÁsaTÂs mowafeni Senni ara vlenan moZRurebisaebr x u c e s T a Á s a,

mr. 7, 5 DE;

raÁsaTÂs mowafeni Senni ara vlenan msgavsad moZRurebisa mis

m R d e l T a Á s a, C.

m-Rd-el-i RaRadeba fuZeSi daculi Rad- Zirisagan m_el konfiqsiT

nawarmoebi moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobaa m-Rad-el-i _> m-Rd-el-i (77, 95; 34,

30). k. danelias azriT, SesaZloa mRdel fuZeSi xada zmnuri Ziri iyos

daculi da Rad da xad erTi Ziris variantebs warmoadgendes, radgan x a d

a zmna `moxmobas, mowodebas, daZaxebas” aRniSnavs (22, 186). mRdeli ewodeba

1. `qurums, religiur liders~; 2. `mRvdels, sulier mwyemss~ (92; 33).

saxarebis teqstSi mRdeli miemarTeba xucess `xalxis uxucesi wevris,

religiuri lideris~ mniSvnelobiT, radgan `xuces sityva mRvdlis

mniSvnelobiT bibliis Zvel qarTul TargmanSi ara Cans~ (22, 186).

moxucebuli _ beri:

viTar egebis kacisa m o x u c e b u l i s a zegardamo SobaÁ, i. 3, 4

C;

viTar Ãel-ewifebis Sobad kacsa b e r s a, DE.

ber sityvisaTvis amosavalia saS. sparsuli forma pir `moxuci~ piri h

`sibere~, pirak `moxuci qali, dedaberi~ (4, 292). beri ganimarteba, rogorc

`xan-mravali kaci~ (53); `moxucebuli, xandazmuli, beri kaci // monazoni,

SaviT mosili~ (92; 33). bers berZnulSi Seesatyviseba

`moxucebuli, xnieri~ (145; 127). maSasadame, dasaxelebul

magaliTSi (i. 3, 4) igi sasuliero pirs ki ar niSnavs, aramed `xnieri kacis~

mniSvnelobiT miemarTeba moxucebuls.

2.3.2. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis vnebiTi gvaris mimReobebi

vnebiTi gvaris mimReobebi warmoebis TvalsazrisiT afiqsTa siuxviTa

da mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. gvxvdeba prefiqsiT, sufiqsiT da prefiqs-

67

sufiqsiT warmoqmnili msgavsi semantikis mimReoburi leqsikuri formebi.

warmoebis es didi SesaZlebloba TavisTavad ganapirobebs vnebiTi gvaris

formebis farTo gamoyenebas oTxTavis sinonimur sistemaSi.

sinonimur rigebSi gvxvdeba -il, -el, -ul, sa-, sa-o, sa-el, sa-u, me-e,

mo-ul afiqsebiT warmoqmnili msgavsi semantikis mqone vnebiTi gvaris

mimReobebi. calkeul SemTxvevebSi aRiniSneba mimReobebsa da sxva saxis

sityvebs Soris sinonimuri mimarTeba.

Svili _ naSobi _ Ze:

SemZlebel ars RmerTi qvaTa amaTgan aRdginebad S v i l a d

abrahamisa, m. 3, 9 DEC.

Zal-uc RmerTsa aRdginebad qvaTa amaTgan n a S o b a d abrahamisa,

l. 3, 8 DEC.

ix. agreTve: l. 23, 28; m. 23, 37; m. 11, 19.

kacsa visme esxnes or Z e; da mouÃda pirvelsa mas da hrqua:

S v i l o, warved dRes da iqmode venaÃsa Cemsa, m. 21, 28 DEC;

ver Ãel-ewifebis Z e T a siZisaTa, vidre siZÀ igi maT Tana ars,

marxvad, mr. 2, 19 DE;

SemZlebel arian-me n a S o b n i qorwilisani, vidre siZe igi maT

Tana-Ra ars, C.

Sv-il-i//na-S-ob-i saerToqarTveluri *Sev-/Sv Ziridan momdinareobs (65)

Svils berZnulSi efardeba `Cvili, bavSvi; Svili~ (145; 168); `naSobi

kacTa, vaJi anu qali~ (54; 92; 6). orive sinonimuri erTeuli mimReobaa, oRond

im gansxvavebiT, rom naSob formaSi zmnuri Sinaarsia SenarCunebuli, xolo

Svili ki gasubstantivebuli sityvaa (22, 180).

Ze niSnavs `vaJiSvils~ (54; 6); `zogjer ars saxeli sazogado, viTa

Svili~ (92). Zes berZnulSi gadmoscems leqsema romlis mniSvneloba

ufro farToa ganimarteba, rogorc 1. `Svili, naSobi, Ze~; 2.

`STamomavali, memkvidre~ (145; 127; 78, 129) moxmobil magaliTebSi Ze

Tavisuflad monacvleobs konteqstebSi rogorc SvilTan, ise naSobTan,

magram yvela SemTxvevaSi Ze `vaJiSvilis~ mniSvnelobas Seicavs.

68

saflavi _ samare _ samaroban

saflavi _ samare:

mimsgavsebul xarT s a f l a v T a gangozilTa, m. 23, 29 DE;

mimsgavsebul xarT s a m a r e T a ganglorwnilTa, C.

movals ganTiad riJraJu oden s a m a r e s a mas da ixila lodi

igi aRRebuli karisagan mis s a f l a v i s a Á s a, i. 20, 1 C.

dadva igi gamokueTilsa mas s a m a r e s a, l. 23, 53 C;

dadva igi s a f l a v s a gamokodilsa, DE.

saflavebi _ samaroban:

romelsa sayoflad aqundave s a f l a v e b i, mr. 5, 3 DE;

romeli myof iyo s a m a r o b a n s a, C.

sa-fl-av-i saerToqarTveluri *fal-/fl- Ziridan sa- prefiqsiT

nawarmo-ebi momavali drois mimReobaa. qarTul fal- Zirs kanonzomierad

Seesatyviseba megr. ful- da laz. ful-. aRniSnuli Zirebi semantikuradac

msgavsia. fal-/fl- Ziris amosavali semantika ukavSirdeba `damalvas~,

xolo sxva mniSvnelobebi meoreulia (65). saflavi ganimarteba, rogorc

`mkvdarT samarxo~ (54); àdgili mkGdarT dasamarxavi da samare igive,~ (92);

`samarxi, saflobi~ (6).

sa-mar-e//sa-mar-oban: samare ukavSirdeba samarad, samaradiso formebs,

rac `samudamos~, igive `saflavs~ (54; 92) niSnavs. samaroban ki mravlobiTis

SinaarsiT gadmoscems `saflavis~ mniSvnelobas, romelsac (mr. 5, 3)

magaliTSi miemarTeba saflavebi, xolo berZnulSi maT efardeba leqsema

`sasaflao~ (122). mxolobiTis formiT gadmocemul vnebiTi gvaris

mimReobebs saflavi//samare, berZnulSi efardeba `saflavi, akldama;

saflavis qva; Zegli~ (145; 127).

saflavi//samare//samaroban sinonimuri mniSvnelobis vnebiTi gvaris

mimReobebs Soris Semdegi azrobrivi gansxvaveba vlindeba: saflavis

semantika `daflvas~, anu `damalvas~ Seicavs, romelsac SeZenili aqvs

micvalebulis `samarxis~ mniSvneloba; samare ukavSirdeba samaradiso

formas, rac `samudamos~ niSnavs (54). maSasadame, samare Serbilebulad,

69

evfemisturad gadmoscems adamianTa samudamo samyoflis, anu saflavis

mniSvnelobas; samaroban ki mravlobiTis Sinaarsis Semcvelia da mraval

saflavs gulisxmobs, rac `sasaflaos~ warmoadgens.

mofarduli _ msyideli _ momsyideli _ ganmsyideli _ vaWari

mofarduli _ msyideli:

savrZlebi igi tredis m o f a r d u l T a Á daamÃua, mr. 11, 15 C;

sasxdomelebi igi m s y i d e l T a Á maT tredisaTaM daumÃua, DE.

mo-fard-ul-i ukavSirdeba saS. sparsul pardač sityvas (4, 386). masze

darTuli -ul sufiqsi ki saS. gvaris mawarmoebelia. mofarduli

ganimarteba, rogorc `msyidveli, momsyidelni~ (53); `vaWari~ (92);

`gamyidveli~ (33). maSasadame, mofarduli niSnavs, rogorc `gamyidvels~,

aseve `myidvels~.

mofarduli _ momsyideli _ ganmsyideli:

gamoasxa yoveli m o f a r d u l i da m o m s y i d e l e b i

taZarsa mas Sina, m. 21, 12 C;

gamoasxa yoveli igi g a n m s y i d e l i, DE.

m-s-yid-el-i//gan-m-s-yid-el-i: `syid(v)is moqmedi~ (53); `vaWari~ (6).

moxmobil magaliTSi (mr. 11, 15, C) mofarduli da momsyideli sinonimuri

paralelizmis formiT aris naxmari, sadac pirveli wevri saS. sparsulidan

nasesxebi leqsemaa da niSnavs, rogorc `gamyidvels~, aseve `myidvels~, xolo

meore wevri konkretulad saqonlis `Semsyidvels~ gulisxmobs. aRniSnul

sinonimur mimReobebs berZnulSi efardeba zmnuri sityva `gayidva,

fulze gadacvla~ (145; 127).

vaWari:

msgavs ars sasufeveli caTaÁ kacsa v a W a r s a, romeli eZiebn

keTilsa margalitsa, m. 13, 45 DEC.

vaWar-i momdinareobs saS. sparsuli vačar `bazari~, vačarakan `vaWari~

formidan (4, 320-321). vaWari ganimarteba, rogorc `msyidveli, msyidvel-

gamsyidveli~ (53); `saqonelT mofarduli~ (92); `momsyidveli~ (6, 154). vaWris

mniSvneloba ukavSirdeba agreTve `Secdenas, motyuebas~ (45, 106-108), Tumca am

70

mniSvnelobiT vaWari saxarebis teqstSi ar dasturdeba. dasaxelebul

konteqstSi (m. 13, 45) igi saqonliT movaWres gulisxmobs.

ganTesuli _ mimoganbneuli:

nuukue g a n T e s u l T a maT warmarTTa egulebis mislvad, i. 7, 35

DE;

nuukue m i m o g a n b n e u l T a maT warmarTTa mivides, C.

gan-Tes-ul-i qarTveluri *Tes- Ziridan aris nawarmoebi. `qarTul Tes-

Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli Tas- da lazuri Tas-. svanuri

eqvivalenti jer-jerobiT gamovlenili ar aris~. Sesatyvisobebi gvaqvs

dasaxelebuli Zirebis semantikaSic~ (65). leqsikonTa mixedviT ganTesva

niSnavs `ganbnevas~ (53; 92); `gafantvas, daTesvas~ (6; 33), xolo warsuli

drois vnebiTi gvaris mimReoburi forma ganTesuli ki `gafantuls,

gabneuls~ warmoadgens (33).

mimo-gan-bn-e-ul-i iwarmoeba ganbneva formidan, rac niSnavs `dafantvas~

(53); `gafantvas, mimodabnevas~ (92); `gaSlas, gagdebas, daTxevas~ (6);

mimoganbneva gamoxatavs `gafantvas aqeT-iqiT, рассейвать~ (92); mimoganbneuli

ki `gafantuls~ aRniSnavs (6; 33). mimogan- rTuli zmniswini swored

sxvadasxva adgilze, sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT `gafantvis~ niuanss aniWebs

aRniSnul leqsemas.

sinonimuri wyvili ganTesuli//mimoganbneuli berZnulSi gadmoicema

sityviT `ganTesva~ (145; 127).

Sewuxebuli _ mwuxare _ SeWuvnebuli _ SeZrwunebuli _ Seurvebuli _

saarebuli _ tanjuli

dasaxelebuli sinonimuri mwkrivis mimReobebi gadmoscemen adamianis

iseT mdgomareobas, romelic raime avadmyofobisa da sazrunavisagan Zlier

`naRvliani da SeWirvebulia~. dominant erTeulad SeiZleba CavTvaloT

Sewuxebuli, romelic Tavisuflad SeiZleba Caenacvlos konteqstSi

sinonimuri mwkrivis nebismier wevrs.

Sewuxebuli _ mwuxare _ SeWuvnebuli _ SeZrwunebuli:

S e w u x e b u l ars suli Cemi vidre sikudildmde, m. 26, 38 DE;

71

S e W u v n e b u l ars suli Cemi misikudidmde, C.

S e Z r w u n e b u l ars suli Cemi sikudidmde, daadgeriT aqa da

iRÂZebdiT, L.

mimoixila maTa risxviT da m w u x a r e d sibrmisaTÂs gulisa

maTisa, mr. 3, 5 DE;

mixeda maT mrisxaned S e W u v n e b u l a d sibrmesa mas zeda

gulisa maTisasa, C.


Se-wux-eb-ul-i//m-wux-ar-e: Sewuxebuli vnebiTi gvaris mimReoburi

formaa, xolo mwuxare saS. gvarisa. wux- qarTul Zirs Seesatyviseba

svanurSi wxG-, romelTa semantikac `Sewuxebas; wuxils~ ukavSirdeba (65).

wuxili niSnavs `senTagan da sazrunavTagan didad SeWirvebas~ (54).

sinonimuri wyvili Sewuxebuli//mwuxare ki aRniSnavs ùrvil, naRvlian,

daRonebul~ pirovnebas (92).

Se-Wuvn-eb-ul-i ganimarteba, rogorc `Sewuxebuli, Seviwroebuli,

SekumSuli~ (11, 48-49; 33), anu Sinaganad, sulierad danaRvlianebuli.

SeWuvnebuli aRniSnuli mniSvnelobiT miemarTeba Sewuxebuls m. 26, 38

magaliTSi, xolo mr. 3, 5 konteqstSi SeWuvnebulad gulisxmobs adamianis

iseT gamometyvelebas, rodesac mwuxarebas igi garegnulad `warbis xriT~

gamoxatavs (54).

Se-Zrwun-eb-ul-i: SeZrwuneba niSnavs `SiSiT SeSfoTebas da kankals~

(92). SeZrwunebuli SiSisagan gamowveul Sinagan, sulier `SeSfoTebas,

Sewuxebas~ gulisxmobs.

sinonimur mimReobebs Sewuxebuli//mwuxare//SeWuvnebuli//SeZrwunebuli

berZnulSi efardeba `Zlier naRvliani, mwuxare;

ukiduresad Sewuxebuli~ (127).

Seurvebuli:

naTlis-RebaM maqus naTlis-Rebad da viTar S e u r v e b u l var,

vidremde aResrulos, l. 12, 50 DEC.

72

Se-urv-eb-ul-i niSnavs `damZimebuls~, didi mwuxarebisagan Sepyrobil

pirovnebas (54). aRsaniSnavia, rom Seurvebuli mxolod dasaxelebul

magaliTSi (l. 12, 50) dasturdeba saxarebis teqstis orsave (DE-C)

redaqciaSi da moxmobili sinonimuri rigis wevrad moiazreba.

msxuerpli _ Sesawiravi _ mrguliad dasawuvel

msxuerpli _ Sesawiravi:

Sewire m s x u e r p l i Seni, m. 5, 24 C;

Sewire S e s a w i r a v i Seni, DE.

msxuerpli polisemiuri leqsemaa da ganimarteba, rogorc `Sesawiravi

RGTis nivTi, anu saklavi cxoveli, romelsaca msoflioni uxmoben saRGToT,

anu zvarad. // kGalad vedreba da qeba RGTisa guliTa mxurvaliTa, viTar

daviT winaswarmetyGeli msxverplad RGTisad uwods sulsa Semusrvilsa da

aRpyrobasa xelTasa Sewiravs msxverplad samwuxarod. // msxverpli ewodebis

kerpTadmica sazorvelsa saklavsa. // msxGerpli ars, raÁca vin xelaRebiT

gamoiRos visTGisme (92). msxuerpls berZnulSi gadmoscems sityva

`msxverpli, Sesawiravi; msxverplSewirva~ (145; 127). msxuerpli

zemoaRniSnul sinonimuri rigis sityvebs aerTianebs `RmrTisadmi Sesawiravi

cxovelis~ mniSvnelobiT.

Se-s-a-wir-av-i wir- zmnuri Zirisagan aris warmoqmnili vnebiTi gvaris

momavali drois mawarmoebeli sa- prefiqsiT. Sesawiravi niSnavs: `saRvTo

ZRvens~ (92); `saCuqars, misacemels; msxverpls; saganZurs~ (33). Sesawiravi,

rogorc aRiniSna, ramdenime mniSvnelobas Seicavs. moxmobil sinonimur

rigSi igi aRniSnavs `RmrTis saCuqars~, rasac berZnulSi efardeba

`ZRveni, saCuqari~ (145; 127).

msxuerpli _ Sesawiravi _ mrguliad dasawuveli:

Seyuarebad moyuasi viTarca Tavi TÂsi; ufroÁs ars ese yovelTa

m s x u e r p l T a da S e s a w i r a v T a, mr. 12, 33 DE;

Seyuarebad moyuasi viTarca Tavi TÂsi; da ufroÁs ars yoelTa

m r g u l i a d d a s a w u v e l T a da m s x u e r p l T a, C.

73

mrguliad-dasawuvel èse ars msxverplsa ra mTliv dawviden~ (53; 92);

`mTlianad dasawveli msxverpli~ (33). mrguliad-dasawuveli kalkuri

kompozitia, romelic berZnuli modelis mixedviT aris Sedgenili. igi

gadmoscems -s (`mTlad~, `vwvav~ zmnis mimReoba) da

niSnavs `mTlad Sesawvav samsxverplo cxovels~ (22, 88). mrguliad-

dasawuveli da msxuerpli sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT gvxvdeba

oTxTavis teqstSi (mr. 12, 33), rasac berZnulSi Seesatyviseba

`yovlad Sesawvavi~ da `msxverpli, msxverplSewirva~ (145;

127).

moxmobili masaliT, bunebrivia, ar amoiwureba oTxTavSi qonebis,

daniSnulebis, xelobis saxelebiT Tu mimReobebiT gadmocemuli sinonimuri

leqsika. sanimuSod moyvanili masala miuTiTebs, rom sinonimur mwkrivSi

Semaval wevrebSi ZiriTad mniSvnelobas erTvis damatebiTi mniSneloba,

cnebis erT-erTi niSani, romelzec xdeba yuradRebis gamaxvileba da romlis

gamokveTasac cdilobs saxarebis mTargmneli Tu redaqtori. zemoganxi-

luli sinonimuri leqsemebi radgan umeteswilad azrobrivad gansxvavdebian

erTmaneTisagan, amitom isini ZiriTadad sinonimTa semantikur jgufs

miekuTvnebian.

2.4. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis kompozituri leqsika

Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikuri fondi mdidaria sityvaTwarmoebis

iseTi saSualebiT, rogoricaa kompozicia, anu Txzva. kompoziciis

morfologiuri da semantikuri struqtura sadReisod safuZvlianad aris

Seswavlili qarTveluri enebis _ qarTulis (81, 147-162; 89, 224-227; 46, 165-186),

svanuris (28, 296-304), megrul-Wanuris (141, 70; 130, 0129-0132) monacemTa

gaTvaliswinebiT. garkveulia agreTve Zveli qarTuli enis kompozitTa

struqtura (83, 56-58) da zogierTi maTganis mimarTebis sakiTxi ucxoenovan

(berZnul da somxur) erTeulebTan (79, 59-90; 24, 82-102; 32).

kompozicia, rogorc aRiniSna, Zvel qarTul enaSi sityvaTwarmoebis

aqtiuri saSualebaa. oTxTavis teqstSi gvxvdeba sinonimuri mniSvnelobis

mqone kompozitebis sxvadasxvagvari warmoeba. Txzuli sityvebi zogadad

74

SeiZleba iyos: fuZegaorkecebuli (reduplikaciuri) da fuZegansxvavebuli

(nairfuZiani).

kompoziciis wesebi yvela dasaxelebul enas Tavisi aqvs (79, 62), magram

unda aRiniSnos, rom berZnuli ena did gavlenas axdenda ara marto

qarTulze, aramed yvela im enaze, romlebzec bibliuri wignebi iTargmna

berZnulidan (22, 78).

oTxTavis sinonimur rigebSi gvxvdeba sakuTriv qarTuli

warmomavlobis kompozitebi, berZnuli modelis mixedviT kalkirebuli

kompozitebi anu msgavsi semantikis mqone berZnul-qarTuli erTeulebi da

tipologiurad somxuri kompozitebis fardi Txzuli leqsemebi.

2.4.1. qarTuli warmomavlobis kompozitTa Semcveli sinonimuri rigebi

sinonimuri mniSvnelobis kompozitTagan sakuTriv qarTuli

warmomavlobisad miCneulia imgvari odenobebi, `romelSic realizebulia

modeli _ sazRvrulad gamoyenebuli ars. saxeli + atributuli

msazRvreli~ (22, 79-80). amgvari kompozitebis mkvidr qarTulobaze mianiSnebs

is faqtic, rom ìsini metwilad naxmaria msgavsive Sedgenilobis

ucxoenovani kompozitebis fardad, romelTa kompoziciis modelia _

msazRvreli + sazRvruli (22, 80).

msgavsi semantikis mqone Txzuli sityvebis qarTul warmomavlobas

metyvelebs is garemoebac, rom qarTul TargmanSi isini ixmarebian

ucxoenovani (berZnuli, somxuri) arakompozituri, martivi sityvebis badlad

(77, 63-73; 24, 95-101).

gaorkecebul saxelebSi gamoiyofa arsebiT, zedsarTav da sxva

saxelebiT Txzuli leqsikuri formebi, romelTac miemarTeba sinonimuri

mniSvnelobis kompozituri odenoba, an msgavsive Sinaarsis martivi sityva,

romelTagan gaorkecebuli saxelebi aZliereben, eqspresiul Zalas aZleven

sityvis mniSvnelobas (83, 56). maSasadame, sinonimur wyvilebSi Semavali

kompozituri erTeulebi umeteswilad stilisturi sinonimebia, romelTac

teqstSi mxatvruli datvirTva aqvT.

oTxTavSi sinonimuri mimarTebebi dasturdeba rogorc kompozitur

erTeulebs Soris, ise kompozitur da martiv sityvebs Soris.

75

niavqari _ borbali _ armuri:

da iyo meyseulad b o r b a l i qarisaÁ didi, mr. 4, 37 DE;

da iyo n i a v q a r i qarisa didisaÁ, C.

gardamoÃda a r m u r i qarisaÁ zRuasa mas zeda, da aRivseboda navi

igi, l. 8, 23 DEC.

niav-qari ganimarteba, rogorc `Zlieri da sastiki qariSxali, буря~ (92);

`grigali~ (6; 33).

bor-bal-i saerToqarTveluri *bor- Ziridan momdinareobs. qarT. bor-

borbali; borbal-a òboba~; megr. bor- bor-bol-i-a òboba~; laz. bo(r)-

bom-bul-a òboba~. `borbal- fuZisaTvis òbobas~ mniSvnelobis SeTavseba

moulodneli ar aris (qselis qsovisas oboba trialebs, brunavs). borbal-a

`triala~, òboba~ (65). maSasadame, leqsema borbali meti eqspresiuli

Sinaarsis Semcvelia, radgan mis mniSvnelobaSi igulisxmeba qaris

intensiuri wriuli moZraoba (Sdr. Tanamedrove qarborbala), rac `grigals~

niSnavs.

armuri ganimarteba, rogorc `Rrubelnisli Zlieri da qariani~ (53);

`Rrubelnisli qariani da elviani~ (92). `burusi, bindi; grigali~ (6).

aRsaniSnavia, rom armuri mxolod aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi dasturdeba (l. 8,

33) oTxTavis teqstis orsave (DE-C) redaqciaSi da ganmartebaTa mixedviT

`grigals~ niSnavs, oRond iseTs, Rrublian da nislian amindSi rodesac

qari qris da Tan elva anaTebs. moxmobil sinonimur kompozitebs niav-

qari//borbali//armuri berZnulSi gadmoscems arakompozituri leqsema

`qariSxali, Sturmi~ (145; 127).

ganTiadi _ ciskari _ xvalisagan _ diliTi

ganTiadi _ ciskari:

msTuad g a n T i a d s a mas mivides samaresa mas, l. 24, 22 C;

mivides igini c i s k a r s a saflavsa mas, DE.

gan-Ti-ad-i saerToqarTveluri *Ten- Ziridan momdinareobs. `qarTul

Ten- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli Tan-, lazuri Tan- da

svanuri Ten-(Tn-<Ten~ (65). ganTiadi ganimarteba Semdegnairad: `dila

76

moaxl(o)ebuli~ (53); `dilis moaxloeba, gaTeneba, gariJraJi~ (92). ganTiads

berZnulSi Seefardeba sityvebi àdre diliT, gaTenebamde~

(145; 127). ganTiadi sinonimur rigSi dominanturi leqsemaa, romelsac

miemarTebian leqsikuri erTeulebi ciskari//xvalisagan//diliTi.

cis-kari sakuTriv qarTuli warmomavlobis kompozituri sityvaa,

romelic Sedgeba komponentebisagan ca+kari. `qarTul ca- Zirs

kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli ca- da lazuri ca-... dec (`ca~)

svanurSi qarTulidanaa nasesxebi~ (65). agreTve, `kar-/kr Zirs kanonzomierad

Seesatyviseba svanuri kar-/kr. svan. li-kr-e `gaReba~ (65). maSasadame, cis-

karis Tavdapirveli semantika sityvasityviT `cis gaxsnas, cis gaRebas~

ukavSirdeba.

ganTiadi _ xvalisagan:

g a n T i a d, viTar aRmovid[o]da qalaqad, SeemSia, m. 21, 18 C;

x v a l i s a g a n movidoda iesu qalaqad da SeemSia, DE.

xval-is-a-gan Seicavs Semdeg mniSvnelobebs: 1. `dReis meore dRe~ (54);

`dReis Semdgom, meores an momavals dRes~ (92); 2. `xvalindeli dRe~ (33); 3.

`dilas~ (6; 33). moxmobil konteqstSi (m. 21, 18). xvalisagan ukavSirdeba

leqsema ganTiads `dilis~ mniSvnelobiT, romelTac berZnulSi efardeba

`diliT gaTenebamde~ (145; 127).

ganTiadi _ diliTi:

Tana-warhvidodes g a n T i a d, mr. 11, 20 DE;

Tana-warhvidodes d i l i T i, C.

dil-iT-i: dilas saba gaciskrebis budeSi ganixilavs, xolo

gaciskrebas Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `gaciskreba ars uwinaresi ganTiadisa,

xolo ganTiadi ars mowevna naTlebisa, raime nawili, xolo alioni, ra Rame

da dRe gairCeodes, amaT yovelTa dila, vidre mzis moslva(d)mde~ (53); `Jami

gariJraJidan vidre mzis amosvladmde da vidreme SuadRemdeca~ (92); `xvale,

meore dRe; ganTiadi, ciskari~ (6).

maSasadame, dila//diliTi zogadad meore dResac aRniSnavs, gaTenebidan

SuadRemde da gariJraJidan mzis amosvlamde drosac. Cvens SemTxvevaSi

77

diliTi mxolod erTgan ixmareba adiSis redaqciaSi (mr. 11, 20), romelsac

sinonimis saxiT miemarTeba oTxTavis sxva redaqciebSi ganTiadi, rac

gariJraJidan mzis amosvlamde drois monakveTs aRniSnavs.

mama-deda _ deda-mama _ mSobelni:

vidremde mouwodes m a m a - d e d a T a misTa, i. 9, 18 DE;

vidremde mouwodes m S o b e l T a, C.

aRdgen Svilni d e d a – m a m a T a zeda TÂsTa, m. 10, 21 C;

m a m a – d e d a T a, DE.

mama-deda//deda-mama sakuTriv qarTuli warmomavlobis

fuZegansxvavebuli kompozitebia da niSnavs `ded-mamas, mSoblebs~ (33). mas

berZnulSi efardeba arakompozituri sityva `mSobelni~ (145; 127).

aRniSnul kompozitTagan Zveli qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ZiriTadad

mama-deda wevrTa Tanmimdevroba, xolo iSviaTad SeiniSneba Sebrunebuli _

deda-mama Tanmimdevroba.

m-Sob-el-n-i saerToqarTveluri *SeG-/SG- zmnuri Ziridan m-el

konfiqsiT nawarmoebi moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobaa (65). mSobels saba

ganmartavs, rogorc `dedas~ (53), xolo am sityvis mravlobiTis forma

gulisxmobs, rogorc dedas, aseve mamas. mSobeli aris `meSvi, deda SvilTa

// xolo zogad ewodebis ded-mamasa~ (92); `dambadebelni~ (6).

mamasaxlisi _ saxlis ufali:

uwyoda Tumca m a m a s a x l i [s] m a n, m. 24, 43 C;

ukueTumca uwyoda s a x l i s a u f a l m a n, DE.

mama-saxlisi: `saxlT ufrosi~ (53); `saqarTvelosa Sina mefobis

xarisxis SemoRebadmde ewodeboda uxucessa qarTlosis STamomavloba-

Tagansa, viTar uaRressa mmarTebelsa da mosamarTlesa, msgavsad ZvelTa

romaelTa, Pater familias. // aw sofelTa Sina uxmoben qevxasa, anu nacvalsa. //

monasterT mamasaxlisi~ (92); `winamZRvari monastrisa~ (6); `saxlis ufrosi~

(33). saleqsikono ganmartebebis Tanaxmad mama-saxlisis ZiriTadi

mniSvnelobaa `saxlis ufrosi~. am semantikas Seicavs igi Cvens masalaSic,

xolo danarCeni mniSvnelobebi Semdgom aris ganviTarebuli.

78

saxlis-ufali: ufali ori mniSvnelobiT ixmareba 1. `RmerTi~; 2.

`patroni vaJi, patroni kaci~ (54). dasaxelebul SemTxvevaSi meore

mniSvneloba igulisxmeba da mTlianad kompoziti ganimarteba, rogorc

ùfrosi patroni saxlisa~ (92); `saxlis, (ojaxis) ufrosi~ (33).

dasaxelebul sinonimur wyvilTagan sakuTriv qarTuli warmoSobisaa

mama-saxlisi, radgan berZnulSi mas efardeba `saxlis ufrosi~

(145; 127), ris pirdapir Targmansac warmoadgens saxlis-ufali. maSasadame,

saxlis-ufali berZnulis mixedviT kalkirebuli kompozitia.

Sjulis-mecnieri _ Sjulis-moZRuari _ Sjulis-mdebeli:

aha esera S j u l i s m e c n i e r i vinme aRdga, gamohscdida mas,

l. 10, 25 DEC;

miugo iesu da hrqua S j u l i s m o Z R u a r T a maT da

farisevelTa, l. 14, 3 DEC.

hkiTxa erTman man maTganman S j u l i s m d e b e l m a n

gamocdiT, m. 22, 35 C.

Sjulis-mecnieri: Sjuli/rCuli sityvisaTvis amosavalia saS. sparsuli

fuZe sač- ìyo Sesaferisi, Ãamsi, wesieri, Rirsi, saWiro da sxv.~ (4, 272).

Sjulis ganmarteba amgvaria: `Sjuli ese ars moses mier SemoRebuli,

romeli RmerTman ficarTa qvisaTa dauwera aTni igi taepni, moqalaqoba da

Sesmena maTi~ (54); `rCuli, mcneba. // sarwmunoeba~ (92; 6; 33). Sjulis-mecnieri

niSnavs `kanonis mcodnes, sarwmunoebis wignTa, kanonTa mcodnes da

ganmmartebels~ (6; 33);

Sjulis-mdebeli//rCulis-mdebeli aseve aris `kanonmdebeli, sarwmuno-

ebis wignTa komentatori~, xolo Sjulis-moZRuari `kanonis, an sarwmuno-

ebis maswavlebeli~ (6; 33). CamoTvlili sinonimuri rigis kompozitebi

sakuTriv qarTuli Sedgenilobisa arian, radgan berZnulSi maT yvelgan

efardeba sityva `kanonmdebeli, kanonis mcodne, advokati~ (145; 127).

ZÂr-ZÂrad _ borotad:

ufalo, Seiwyale ZÀ Cemi, rameTu axlis pirovan ars da Z Â r -

Z Â r a d iguemebis, m. 17, 15 C;

79

ufalo, Seiwyale ZÀ Cemi, rameTu cisad-cisad b o r o t a d

iguemebis, DE;

ZÂr-ZÂrad: ZÂri Semdegnairad ganimarteba: `boroti, avi, gina ubedureba~

(92), xolo ZÂr-ZÂrad ki _ rogorc ùborotesi, usastikesi~ (6); `Zalian

Znelad~ (33). k. danelias ganmartebiT, fuZegaorkecebuli kompoziti ZÂr-

ZÂrad meti eqspresiulobiT xasiaTdeba da tipologiur msgavsebas avlens

saTanado somxur erTeulTan, radganac berZnulSi esadageba arakompozi-

turi odenoba `cudad, saSinlad; daundoblad~ (22, 82; 122). borotad

ki ganimarteba, rogorc `Zvirad~.

kacad-kacadi _ kaci _ TiToeuli:

kacad-kacadi _ kaci:

dauteos k a c a d - k a c a d m a n mamaÁ TÂsi da dedaÁ TÂsi da

Seeyos colsa TÂssa, mr. 10, 7 C;

dauteos k a c m a n mamaÁ TÂsi da dedaÁ TÂsi da Seeyos colsa

TÂssa, DE.

kacad-kacadi _ TiToeuli:

ganibnineT k a c a d - k a c a d i TÂsa adgild da me martoÁ

damitevoT, i. 16, 32 DE;

ganibnineT T i T o e u l a d adgild TÂsa, da me martoÁ damiteoT,

C.

ix. agreTve: m. 25, 15; 26, 22; l. 16, 5; i. 6, 7; 16, 32.

kaci//kacad-kacadi ganimarteba rogorc `TiToeuli kaci; igive

TiToeuli~ (53; 92); `kaci, yoveli kaci, yoveli erTi, calkeuli~ (6);

`TiToeuli, yoveli, mTlianad~ (139; 33).

TiToeuli gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelia da niSnavs `TÂTo-TÂTos,

erT-erTs, anu kacad-kacads~ (92; 6).

dasaxelebul sinonimur wyvilTagan kacad-kacadi sakuTriv qarTuli

warmomavlobis fuZegaorkecebuli kompozitia, radgan berZnulSi aRniSnul

erTeulebs (kacad-kacadi//TiToeuli) Seesatyviseba arakompozituri leqsema

`yoveli, TiToeuli~ (145; 127).

80

rogorc cnobilia, gramatikuli sqesi saerTod ar gadmoicema

morfologiuri saSualebiT qarTulSi. kacad-kacadi am SemTxvevaSi

sinonimuri leqsikiT gamoxatulebas warmoadgens (TiToeuli)

sityvisa, romelic niSnavs yvela mamakacs (22, 462).

2.4.2. berZnul-qarTul kompozitTa Semcveli sinonimuri wyvilebi

fasis sacavi _ fasis Sesawiravi:

dadga iesu winaSe f a s i s s a c a v s a mas, mr. 12, 41 DE;

dadga iesu winaSe f a s i s S e s a w i r a v s a, C.

fasis-sacavi: am kompozitis pirveli komponenti fasi momdinareobs Zv.

alanuri *faes (fas) formidan, rac Tavdapirvelad niSnavda `cxvars,

wvrilferxa saqonels (=1 cxvars); saSualo zomis cxvars, vaWrobis

erTeuls~ (4, 113). Zvel qarTulSi fasi, romelic nasesxebi sityvaa, Semdeg

mniSvnelobebs Seicavs `sasyideli~ (54); `Rirebuleba nivTTa, anu TeTri

saxmari sasyidlad maTsa~ (92); `simdidre, qoneba~ (33). sa-cav-i sa- prefiqsiT

nawarmoebi vn. gvaris momavali drois mimReobaa, rac niSnavs `Sesanaxavs~

(54; 92). fasis-sacavi ki ganimarteba, rogorc `TeTris Sesakrebeli, salaro~

(54; 92); `xazina, salaro~ (6); `saganZuri~ (32).

fasis-Sesawiravi leqsemis meore komponenti Se-sa-wir-av-i, agreTve sa-

prefiqsiT nawarmoebi vn. gvaris momavali drois mimReoburi formaa, rac

niSnavs `SeZRvnils~ (54). mTliani kompozituri odenoba fasis-Sesawiravi ki

ewodeba `xazinas, salaros, saganZurs~ (6; 33).

kompozituri sinonimebi fasis-sacavi//fasis-Sesawiravi tipologiur

msgavsebas avlenen Sesabamis berZnul erTeulTan `taZris

saganZuri; WurWeli SesawiravisTvis~ (145; 127; 22, 83).

puris ufali _ mTavari taZrisaÁ

mouwoda p u r i s a u f a l m a n man siZesa mas, i. 2, 9 DE;

miugo siZesa mas m T a v a r m a n man mis t a Z r i s a m a n, C.

puris-ufali: puri garda sakvebisa niSnavs agreTve `lxins~ (54);

`sadils, wveulebas~ (6). puris-ufali ki ewodeba `maspinZels~ (92; 6);

`sufris ufross, lxinis meTaurs~ (33).

81

mTavari taZrisaÁ: am kompozitis pirveli komponenti mTavari niSnavs

ùfross; didebuls, anu mflobels~ (53; 92); `winamZRols, meTaurs...~ (33).

meore komponenti taZari ki polisemiuri leqsemaa, rac aRniSnul

SesityvebaSi (mTavari taZrisa) iTavsebs mniSvnelobebs `nadimoba; puroba,

lxini, nadimi dResaswauli~ (92); `wveuleba~ (6); `sadili, lxini, (gawyobili)

magida~ (33). moxmobil sinonimur wyvilTagan puris-ufali qarTuli

Sedgenilobis kompozitia, xolo mTavari taZrisaÁ warmoadgens berZnuli

`lxinis, magidis gamrigebeli~ (145; 127) pirdapir Targmans.

boroti _ borotis-moqmedi _ ukeTuri _ ZÂri _ ZÂris-moqmedi

boroti _ ukeTuri:

ukueTu Tquas b o r o t m a n man monaman, m. 24, 48 DE;

ukueTu Tquas u k e T u r m a n man monaman, C.

ix. agreTve: m. 12, 39; 18, 32; 20, 15; 21, 45.

boroti _ ZÂri:

miiRe keTili Seni cxorebasa Sensa, da lazare egreve b o r o t i,

l. 16, 25 DE;

miiRe keTili cxorebasa Sensa, da lazare egreve Z Â r n i, C.

ix. agreTve: m. 6, 39; mr. 3, 4; m. 15, 4; m. 17, 15.

borotis moqmedi _ ZÂris moqmedi:

gamovidodian... b o r o t i s m o q m e d n i aRdgomasa

sasjelisasa, i. 5, 29 DE;

gamovidodian... Z Â r i s a m o q m e d n i aRdgomad sasjelisad, C.

ukueTumca ara iyo b o r o t i s m o q m e d i, aramca migeciT Sen

ege, i. 18, 30 DE;

ara Tumca Z Â r i s m o q m e d iyo kaci igi, aramca migeciT igi

Sen, C.

ix. agreTve: i. 18, 30.

bor-ot-i//borotis moqmedi Zvel qarTulSi somxuris meSveobiT

nasesxebi sityvaa, romelsac àWariani ukavSirebs saS. sparsul bor~ Zirs (4,

82). bor- Zirze darTuli `-ot aris somxuri mawarmoebeli da boroti

82

niSnavs `keTrovans~. qarTulSi mas ùkeTuris~ mniSvneloba aqvs~ (59, 189).

boroti leqsikonTa mixedviT ganimarteba, rogorc àvis moqmedi da avi~ (53);

àvi, Zviris SemamTxveveli, vnebis momcemi~ (92); `cudi, saZageli~ (6).

borotis-moqmedi ki aris igive àvis Camdeni~ (53); `ZÂris moqmedi~ (92).

u-keT-ur-i qarTveluri *keT- zmnuri Ziridan aris miRebuli uaryofiTi

mimReobis mawarmoebeli u-ur konfiqsiT (65). ukeTuri ganimarteba

Semdegnairad: èse ars mCemebeli keTilisa da moqmedi borotebisa~ (54);

`keTilobis garegani, avi kaci, cudi kaci~ (92) ase rom, ukeTuri cbier,

verag, cudis mkeTebel pirovnebas aRniSnavs.

ZÂri saS. sparsulidan nasesxebi erTeulia. `qarT. ZÂr-//Zur- < saS.

spars. zur -idan. (daweriloba `Zur~-ic gvxvdeba xelnawerebSi. a. SaniZis

azriT, u-sa da Â-s monacvleoba kilouri movlenaa. Sdr. wÂma da wuma da

sxva misTanani~ (80, 049; 4, 404-405). ZÂri ganimarteba `borotiviT~ (54);

`boroti, avi, gina ubedureba~ (92); `Suri, avi, cudi~ (6); `cudi, boroti~ (33).

ZÂris-moqmedi niSnavs imave `borotis moqmeds~ (92; 6; 33).

sinonimuri mniSvnelobis kompozitebi ZÂris-moqmedi//borotis-moqmedi

Tavisi SedgenilobiT miCneulia xan mxolod somxur erTeulebTan axlos

mdgomad, xanac berZnul-somxuri erTeulebis yalibisad (Sdr.

`boroti~, `Zviri~, `vakeTeb~). k.

danelias dakvirvebiT, `roca berZnul teqstSi naxmar rTul sityvas

qarTulsa da somxur TargmanebSi msgavsive Sedgenilobis kompoziti

gamoxatavs, qarTuli da somxuri kompozitebis arsebobas TargmanSi

metwilad apirobebs berZnuli wyaro~ (22, 77).

amdenad, dasaxelebuli sinonimuri kompozitebi ZÂris-moqmedi//borotis-

moqmedi berZnuli modelis mixedviT Sedgenilad iTvlebian.

2.4.3. somxur-qarTul kompozitTa Semcveli sinonimuri wyvilebi

adre-adre _ adre _ meyseulad _ munquesve

adre-adre _ adre:

miiRe wigni Seni da dajed, dawere a d r e - a d r e ergasisi, l. 16,

6 C;

83

miiRe ÃeliT-werili Seni da dajed a d r e da dawere ergasisi, DE.

adre qarTveluri *adr- Ziridan momdinareobs. qarT. adr- adr-e `male,

xval~, Seesatyviseba megr. ord- ord-o `dila~ da laz. odr-/ord- odr-o/

ord-o `male, Cqara~; `ganuwyvetliv~ (65). adre leqsikonTa mixedviT

ganimarteba: `malesaviT~ (53); `mswrafl, anu uwinares Jamisa~ (92); `male,

mswrafl, maSinve~ (6); `Cqara, male~ (33).

adre-adre kompoziti ki tipologiur msgavsebas avlens saTanado

somxur erTeulTan (22, 84). fuZis gaorkeceba ki mas ufro met eqspresiulo-

bas aniWebs. adre-adre niSnavs Zalian `male, swrafad~ (6); `Cqara, male~ (33).

adre-adre _ meyseulad:

gamoÃda a d r e - a d r e sisxli da wyali, i. 19, 34 C;

m e y s e u l a d gamoÃda sisxli da wyali, DE.

meyseulad: meyi niSnavs `wams~, xolo meyseulad ganimarteba, rogorc

`swrafad, anazdeulad, munquesve~ (92); `maSinve, uecrad, saCqarod~ (6);

ìmwamsve, myis, saswrafod~ (33).

adre _ meyseulad _ munquesve:

a d r e momiZRuanos igi aqa, mr. 11, 3 C;

m e y s e u l a d moavlinos aqa, DE.

m e y s e u l a d moavlinnes igini, m. 21, 3 DE;

m u n q u e s v e moavlinnes igini, C.

ix. agreTve: m. 21, 2.

munques//munquesve: `munqvesve~ (53); `maSinve anazdad, Tqmasa Tanave~ (92);

`mswrafl, maSinve, myis~ (6); ìmwamsve, myis, saswrafod~ (33). sinonimuri

erTeulebi adre-adre//adre berZnulSi gadmoicema sityviT àdre,

swrafad, saCqarod~ (145; 127), xolo meyseulad, munquesve formebs

Seesatyviseba `dauyonebliv, saswrafod, maSinve~ (145; 127).

didi _ did-Zali _ did-didi _ mravali _ friadi

did-Zali _ didi _ did-didi

iyo mun kolti RorTaÁ d i d Z a l i, mTasa gare mZovari, mr. 5, 11

DE;

84

iyo mun kolti RorebisaÁ d i d i, mZovari mTasa Tana C.

rameTu yo Cem Tana d i d - Z a l i Zlierman, l. 1, 49 DE;

rameTu yo Cemdamo d i d - d i d n i Zlierman C.

did-i//did-didi qarTveluri *did- Ziridan momdinareobs (65), rac

niSnavs: `sxGasa zeda umetesi SesaxedaviTa, anu saqmiTa, kGalad fasiTa,

simZimiTa da sxv.,~ (92); àramciredi~ (6). fuZegaorkecebiT miRebuli

kompoziti did-didi `Zalian dids~ niSnavs da Seicavs diferencialur

komponents, romelic Tvisebis yvelaze maRal xarisxze miuTiTebs. did-didi

tipologiur msgavsebas avlens saTanado somxur erTeulebTan, radgan

berZnulSi mas arakompozituri odenoba miesadageba `didi,

uzarmazari; maRali, farTo, grZeli~ (145; 127).

did-Zali: am kompozitis meore konponenti Zali niSnavs `Zalas Rones,

Zlierebas, simtkices...~ (92). did-Zali ki ganimarteba, rogorc `mraval

ricxÂ; friad mravali, sakmao~ (92; 6).

did-Zali _ mravali:

Sekrba eri d i d Z a l i misa, mr. 5, 21 DE;

Sekrba eri m r a v a l i misa, C.

mravali m. andronikaSvilis miTiTebiT, momdinareobs iranuli

mara Ziridan (4, 254) da ganimarteba Semdegnairad: `mravali ese ars oridam

aTasamde~ (53); ùricxvi, uTvalavi~ (92); `bevri~ (6).

did-Zali _ friadi:

aqunda SiSiTa nelsacxebeli nardioni patiosani, d i d Z a l i s a

sasyidlisaÁ, mr. 14, 3 C;

aqunda alabastriTa nelsacxebeli nardisa sarwmunoÁsaM f r i a d i s

a sasyidlisaÁ, DE.

fri-ad-i Zvel qarTulSi nasesxebia osuri fyr/fur Ziridan, rac

ganimarteba, rogorc `Zalian bevri~ (4, 71); `didad mravali, gina meti~ (54);

`didad, mravlad, Zlier~ (92); `mravali~ (6).

ganxilul sinonimur mwkrivSi Semavali zedsarTav saxelTa dominanta

aris didi, romelic stilisturi niSniT neitraluri leqsemaa, xolo

85

mwkrivSi Semavali wevrebi: did-Zali//did-didi//mravali//friadi ZiriTad

mniSvnelo-basTan erTad Seicaven eqspresiuli TvalsazrisiT diferencia-

lur komponents, rac Tvisebis yvelaze maRal xarisxs gamoxatavs.

maSasadame, sinonimur mwkrivebSi Semavali kompozitebi ufro meti

intensiobiT, eqspresiulobiT gamoirCevian, vidre maTi mewyvile martivi

sityvebi da oTxTavis teqstSi maTi gamoyeneba stilisturi, eqspresiulobis

mizniT aris ganpirobebuli.

86

Tavi III

nasesxebi leqsika oTxTavis sinonimur sistemaSi

qarTul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi sinonimTa warmoqmnis erT-erT

wyarod sityvaTa sesxebas miiCneven (94, 689-695; 48, L – LV; 67, 35; 56, 91)...

`yoveli enis xvedria leqsikuri ukmarisoba, yoveli ena saWiroebs ucxouri

leqsikis masalis gamoyenebas~ (94, 689). qarTul saliteraturo enaSi

ucxouri leqsikis sesxeba ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia Semdegi

TaviseburebiT: 1. rodesac àma Tu im sityvis zusti ekvivalenti Sesabamisi

qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebisa, arc amJamad mogvepoveba da arc

istoriuladaa dadasturebuli qarTulSi~ (74, 20); 2. SesaZloa, msesxebel

enaSi `sityvieri gamosaxuleba arsebobdes, magram ena mainc sesxulobs

ucxour saxelwodebas~ (94, 689-690). ucxouri sityvebis danergvas qarTuli

eqvivalentebis gverdiT S. ZiZiguri `sinonimur paralelizms~ uwodebs (94,

692). unda aRiniSnos, rom `yovelgvari sityvaTa sesxeba enis sinonimikas ar

ukavSirdeba~ (56, 93). magram, Tu enaSi Semodis axali sityva, roca am enaSi

arsebobs imave mniSvnelobis aRmniSvneli sityva, aseT SemTxvevaSi ùcxouri

sityvisa da misi `damxvduri~ ekvivalentis erToblioba qmnis sinonimebs~

(95, 51).

oTxTavSi uxvad gvxvdeba nasesxebi leqsika, rac umeteswilad

Targmanis gavleniT aixsneba, magram maTi arseboba saxarebis teqstSi,

agreTve enaTa kontaqtebis Sedegia, anu zepiri sesxebiTac aris

ganpirobebuli. saxarebis teqstSi gvxvdeba berZnuli, iranuli, ebrauli,

somxuri enebidan nasesxebi leqsemebi, romlebic msgavsi semantikis mqone

qarTul an TviT nasesxeb enobriv erTeulebs miemarTebian da sinonimur

wyvilebsa Tu rigebs qmnian.

a) sinonimuri rigis sityvaTagan an sinonimur wyvilTagan SesaZloa

erTi leqsema nasesxebi iyos, meore ki sakuTari leqsikuri fondidan. b)

orive leqsema SeiZleba nasesxebi iyos da ixmarebodes e. w. `bilingvuri

sinonimuri wyvilebis~ saxiT.

87

3.1. berZnuli leqsikis Semcveli sinonimuri mwkrivebi

evangele _ saxareba _ xareba _ Txroba _ qadageba

evangele _ saxareba:

stovasa mas aRsamaRlebelisasa e v a n g e l À markozis TavisaÁ, gv.

168, 29 L.

s a x a r e b a markozis TavisaÁ, gv. 110 DE;

dasabami s a x a r e b i s a Á iesu qristÀsi, Zisa RmrTisaÁ, mr. 1, 1

DEC.

evangele berZnuli leqsemis fardia da niSnavs

`sasixarulo ambis uwyebas, cnobas, Setyobinebas...~ (12, 151; 117, 265; 145; 127).

sa-xar-eb-a//xar-eb-a: saxareba imave tipis sawyisad miiCneva, rogoricaa

saareba, aRsaareba, samnoba (88, 227; 34, 259). sawyisuri SinaarsiT ki

odensufiqsuri forma xareb-a ixmareba, xolo prefiqs-sufiqsur saxarebas

terminis mniSvneloba aqvs miRebuli da gasubstantivebulia sa-

derivaciuli (daniSnulebis mawarmoebeli) prefiqsis meSveobiT (22, 182).

saxareba ganimarteba Semdegnairad: `saxareba aris sibrZne, simarTle da

Zliereba, samive swore da erT~ (53); `moZRGreba macxovrisa CGenisa ieso

qristesi, mis mier moniWebulisaTÂs Cvendamo sasufevelisa. // wigni, oTxTa

maxarebelTagan aRwerili, queyanasa zeda cxovrebisa da saqmeTaTÂs

qristesTa. // amis wignisagan sakiTxavi TÂToeulisa dRisa eklesiasa Sina~

(92); `saxareba oTxTavi~ (6).

k. danelias aRniSvniT, `marTalia, oTxTavis Zvel qarTul redaqciebSi

berZnuli -is fardad saxareba ixmareba, magram es terminologiuri

uniformaciis meore Sedegs unda asaxavdes. adre mas sxva sityvebic

enacvleboda. qristianuli xarebis mniSvnelobiT, romlisaganac saxareba

terminia nawarmoebi, Zvel qarTulSi Txrobac uxmariaT da qadagebac~ (22,

182).

xareba _ Txroba:

movals mariam magdaleneli da a x a r e b s mowafeTa maT, viTarmed

ixila man ufali, i. 20, 18 C;

88

movida mariam magdaleneli T x r o b a d mowafeTa misTa, rameTu

ixila ufali, DE.

qadageba:

warvediT maxlobelad dabnebsa da qalaqebsa, raÁTa munca u q a d a-

g o T, mr. 1, 38 DEC;

Txr-ob-a: `Tqma ambvisa, saqmisa, moTxroba, amboba~ (92); `Setyobineba,

moxseneba~ (6).

qadag-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc `maRlis ÃmiT swavleba~ (54); `xmamaRlad

moZRGreba, swavla; ganTqma, xmisdagdeba, TÂT Tqmuli, anu saTqmelad

dawerili moZRGreba~ (92); `moxmoba, uwyeba, RaRadeba~ (6).

maSasadame, xareba Zirs gaaCnia ori mniSvneloba: 1) `cnobeba,

Setyobineba~ (86, 193-224); 2) kargi ambis cnobeba _ Setyobineba. amdenad,

saxareba aRniSnavs àra marto qristes cxovreba _ moRvaweobis Semcvel

wigns, aramed imasac rom es wigni kargs, saukeTesos, sasixarulos Seicavs~

(22, 183).

qva _ marmarilo:

iyvnes mun sarwyulni q v i s a n i, i. 2, 6 DE;

mun dges takukni m a r m a r i l o Á s a n i, C.

qva sabas ganmartebis mixedviT azogadebs mis sxvadasxva saxeobebs.

avtors mohyavs qvis ocdaaTamde dasaxeleba: `sila, qviSa, RorRi, xvinWa,

lodi, kbode...~ (54). qvis aRmniSvneli leqsema berZnulSi ufro polisemi-

urobiT gamoirCeva, romelic gadmoicema sityviT `qva, qvis lodi;

sasinji qva; mTis broli; saTamaSo qva; Zvirfasi qva; saflavis qva; qviani

mdebareoba; Sjulis ficari~ (145; 127).

marmarilo berZnuli formidan momdinareobs (127), rac

aRniSnavs Zvirfas qvas, anu `drungils~ (53). n. CubinaSvili am sityvas ufro

amomwuravad ganmartavs: `drungali, kldis qva ferad-feradi da ufrore

TeTri, gaiTlebis friad Tanaswored, aqGs elvareba da naTlis gardacema

sarkis msgavsi. ixmarebis gansaSveneblad SenobaTa~ (92). maSasadame,

marmarilo igive qvaa, oRond igi Zvirfasi qvis semantikis Semcvelia, rac

89

mis diferencialur niSnad iTvleba. aRniSnul magaliTSi (i. 2, 6) sinonimur

wyvils qva//marmarilo efardeba leqsema. amitom, marmarilo, romelic

C redaqciaSi ixmareba, ar unda warmoadgendes berZnuli sityvis

Targmans, radgan berZnulSi marmarilos specialuri leqsema

gadmoscems (gamocx. 18, 12). maSasadame, SesaZloa C redaqciis

mTargmneli iyenebda iseT nusxas, sadac sityva dasturdeboda,

xolo DE redaqciisa ki iseTs, sadac sityva ixmareboda.

godori _ sfÂridi _ kueli

godori _ sfÂridi:

ravdeni g o d o r i aRiReT, m. 16, 9 C;

raodeni s f Â r i d i aRiReT, m. 16, 10 DEFGHIK.


godori _ kueli:

raodeni g o d o r i savsÀ namusrevi aRiReT, mr. 8, 19 DEFGHIK;

ravdeni k u e l i savsÀ natexisaÁ aRiReT, C.


sfÂridi berZnuli leqsemidan aris nasesxebi da ganimarteba,

rogorc `mownuli, wnuli, kalaTa~ (145; 127); `sfiridi ars WurWeli naTxazi

WilTagan da baiasa(gan) da xis qerqisagan; zambili, zmilaki da yovelive

Txzuli~ (54); `Wilobis tomara, naTxzi, baiaTagan, WilTa da xralTa~ (92);

`godori~ (33).

godori: `wkeplis WurWeli~ (53); `wnuli WurWeli nergis wnelTagan,

коша, кошница, короб~ (92).

kueli igive `godoria~ (33). berZnuli sfÂridis sinonimuri mewyvileebis

godorisa da kuelis ZirTa warmomavloba gaurkvevelia.

bisoni _ zeezi:

kaci vinme iyo mdidari da imoseboda igi ZoweuliTa da b i s o n i-

T a, l. 16, 19 DEFGHIK;

kac erT vinme iyo mdidar da imoseboda ZoweuliTa da z e e z i T a,

C.

90

bisoni nasesxebia berZnulidan: `bisoni, Txeli tilo~ (145; 127);

`samoseli(a) samRdelo~ (53); `Zveleburad qsovili rame elvare, виссон. //

samRGdelTmTavro Sesamoseli garedam~ (92); `sufTa tilo~ (6); `bambis

wminda qsovili, xmarobdnen SigniT Casacmelad; Sdr. zeezi~ (33).

zeezi: èse ars orferi Zafi, da Zafi da sirma erTad SesTuli~ (53);

`mkedi da sirma erTad SesTuli orferad~ (92); ìgivea, rac bisoni~ (33).

amdenad, bisoni èlvare samosels~ niSnavs, xolo zeezi orferi

Zafisgan damzadebul samosels warmoadgens.

qlamindi _ Zoweuli:

q l a m i n d i mewamuli Sehmoses mas, m. 27, 27; 31 DECFGHIK.

Sehmoses mas Z o w e u l i, mr. 15, 17 DECFGHIK.

qlamindi berZnuli sityvidan momdinareobs da ganimarteba,

rogorc `qlamindi, labada, mosasxami, mantia~ (145; 127); `samefo

wamosasxmelia filonis msgavsi, usaÃelo~ (54); `samefo mantia~ (92).

`wamosasxmeli~ (6); `porfiri, Zoweuli, wiTeli feris zemoTa mosasxami,

romelsac mefeebi da mTavarsardlebi icvamdnen~ (33).

Zoweuli: `Zowi ars msgavsi rame mdelosi jenuas zRvasa Sina, viTarca

Svlisa rqani, broweulis yvavilis feri...~ (54); `wiTeli marjani, broweulis

yGavilis feri, коралл, комист. // feradi zezi~ (92).

rogorc aRiniSna, qlamindi igive porfiria. es ukanaskneli oTxTavSi

ar dasturdeba, magram gvaqvs calke aRebuli sityva Zoweuli, romelic

ramdenjerme gvxvdeba da yvela SemTxvevaSi efardeba berZnulSi sityvas

Tumca oTxTavis teqstSi porfiri//Zoweuli leqsemebs Soris

sinonimuri mimarTeba ar dasturdeba, magram moipoveba Zvel aRTqmaSi:

`dasdvan mas Zoweuli samoseli, ricx. 4, 7 G; dahburon mas zeda samoseli

yovlad porfiri, pd~.

maSasadame, qlamindi//Zoweuli//porfiri erTsa da imave Zvirfas

samefo mosasxams aRniSnaven da sinonimebad moiazrebian.

ezo _ stova _ kretsabmeli _ baki

ezo _ stova:

91

iyo ierusalÀms cxovarT sabanelsa mas, romelsa erqumis hebraelebr

be-Tesda, xuT e z o d iyo, i. 5, 2 DE;

xuT s t o v a iyo, CFGHIK.

ezo leqsikonTa mixedviT aris `galavani moxrili~ (53); `sasaxleTa

Sesaxvedri adgili, mozRudvili usarTulod~ (92); ìalqani, farda,

galavani, kari, sadgomi, saxli, sarTuli~ (6); èzo; kretsabmeli, farda;

stoa~ (33). maSasadame, ezo polisemiuri leqsemaa, romlis amosavali seman-

tika aris `mozRudva, dafarva~. swored am mniSvnelobebs Seicavs ezosTan

sinonimur mimarTebaSi myofi sityvebi.

stova berZnuli sityvidan aris nasesxebi da ganimarteba Semdeg-

nairad: `svetebiani minaSeni, karibWe~ (145; 127); `kamara~ (54); `miSenebuli

kamara~ (92); àivani~ (6); `svetebiani minaSeni, ganyofileba~ (33).

ezo _ kretsabmeli:

ganipo e z o Á taZrisaÁ mis organ, l. 23, 45 C;

ganipo k r e t s a b m e l i mis taZrisaÁ mis Soris, DEFGHIK.

kretsabmeli ganimarteba, rogorc `karis fardagi~ (53; 92); `farda~ (6;

33). berZnulSi kretsabmels Seesatyviseba `farda, safari~ (127).

ezo _ baki:

sxuanica cxovarni midgan, romelni ara arian amis e z o Á s a n i,

i. 10, 16 DE FGHIK;

sxuaca cxovar arian Cemni, romel ara arian amis b a k i s a n i, C.

baki: `mozRudvili~ (53); `mrgGlad movlebuli Robe an ficruli

xvastagT dasayenebeli. // mzisa anu mTovaris garemo zogjerme xiluli

naTlis sartyeli~ (92). berZnulSi baki gadmoicema sityviT èzo; taZris

gareTa ezo; sasaxle, mefis kari; baki (cxvrisaTvis)~ (145; 127). Cvens

SemTxvevaSi baki swored pirutyvisaTvis (cxvrisaTvis) gankuTvnil

`mozRudvil~ sadgoms aRniSnavs.

stratioti _ erisagani _ erisakaci:

s t r a t i o t T a maT Seiyvanes igi Sinagan ezosa mas, mr. 15, 16

DECFGHIK;

92

maSin e r i s a g a n T a maT mTavarisaTa wariyvanes iesu taZrad, m.

27, 27 DE FGHIK;

maSin e r i s a k a c T a maT bWisaTa wariyvanes iesu urakparakad, C.

ix. agreTve: i. 19, 2; 23; 32.

stratioti berZnuli sityvaa: ganimarteba rogorc

`mebrZoli, jariskaci~ (139; 122); `berZul(ad) mÃedari~ (54); `jariskaci,

mxedari, molaSqre, воин, солдат~ (92; 6; 33).

er-isa-gan-i//erisa kaci berZnuli qarTuli Sesatyvisebia,

romlis mniSvnelobebia `jariskaci, mxedari, molaSqre, воин (92); `jariskaci,

eriskaci, kaci, saero piri, msoflio, mdabio~ (6; 33).

calke unda iTqvas berZnulidan nasesxeb leqsemaTa Semcvel im

sinonimur wyvilebze, romlebic oTxTavis or Zvel redaqciaSi ar gvxvdeba

da dasturdeba oTxTavis or bolo redaqciaSi, anu eqvTime da giorgi

mTawmidelebis mier redaqtirebul nusxaSi. amgvari mimarTebebi dasturdeba

Semdeg sinonimur wyvilebs Soris:

asari _ dangi:

anu ara ori siri a s a r i s ganisyidebis, m. 10, 29 FGHIK;

anu ara ori siri erTis d a n g i s ganisyidebis DEC.

asari momdinareobs berZnuli sityvidan da ganimarteba,

rogorc àsari, wvrili moneta~ (127); `dangi~ (53); `dinaris meocedi wona

vecxlisa, anu dangi~ (92).

dangi: `sami(s) keratis wona~ (53); `wona 3 keratisa, anu 12 qeris

marculisa, xolo 20 dangi ars erTi satiri, anu erTi didraqma; aramed

sazogadosa Sina xmarebasa dangi ars misxlis meeqvsedi, anu erTi vercxlis

Saurianis wona~ (92); `yvelaze wvrili spilenZis fuli~ (33). maSasadame,

asari//dangi wvrili spilenZis monetis saxelwodebebs warmoadgenen.

kodrati _ kotori:

ver gamoxÂde mier, vidre ara misce ukuanaÁskneli k o d r a t i, m.

5, 26 HIK;

ver gamoxÂde mier, vidre ara misce dangisa k o t o r i DEC.

93

kodrati berZnuli fardi leqsemaa, romelic ganimarteba

Semdegnairad: `kvadrati, groSi; wvrili moneta~ (127); `mwvlili~ (53); `mwGli,

folis naoTxali~ (92).

kotori: `puris natexi~ (53; 92); `naWeri, natexi, namceci~ (33). moxmobil

konteqstSi (m. 5, 26) aRniSnuli sinonimuri wyvili ufro gulisxmobs

ukanasknel `groSs~, vidre `puris natexs~, an `namcecs~.

statiri _saswori:

aRuRe piri misi da hpoo mis Soris s t a t i r i, m. 17, 27 DEC;

aRuRe piri misi da hpoo mas Sina s a s w o r i HIK.

statiri berZn. sityvis fardia, rac ganimarteba Semdegnairad:

`stateri, oqros stateri~ (145; 127); `Zveleburi oqros fuli woniT oris

didraqmisa, anu 4 drahknis odeni da fasiT 20 drahknis vecxlis fasi~ (92).

saswori: èrTi, erTi satiria~ (54); `fulis erTeuli; vecxlis saswori

4 draqmes udrida, oqrosi _ 20-s~ (33). maSasadame, berZnuli da misi

qarTuli Sesatyvisi saswori oqrosagan damzadebul fulis erTeuls

warmoadgenda, romelic 20 draqmis ekvivalenturi iyo.

3.2. iranuli leqsikis Semcveli sinonimuri mwkrivebi

sicxe _ xorSaki _ mÃurvaleba

sicxe _ xorSaki:

raJams samxriT qari qrin, hsTqÂT, viTarmed s i c x À iyos, l. 12, 55

DE;

raJams samxriT qrin, sTqÂT, viTarmed x o r S a k i iyos, C.

si-cx-e saerToqarTveluri *cx- Ziridan momdinareobs. qarTul cx- Zirs

Seesatyviseba megr. Cx-/nCx-, laz. Cx-/nCx- da svan. Six-/Sx-. Sesatyvisobebi

gvaqvs dasaxelebuli Zirebis semantikaSic (65). leqsikonTa mixedviT sicxe

àrs ganZlierebuli simÃurvale mzisa Tu cecxlisa, gina haerisa, gina

snebiTa ganÃurvebulisa~ (54); ànTeba, gaxurveba sisxlisa sneulebisgan, жар

(в крови), горячка (болезнь). // cxeli tarosi, xGarSaki mzisagan, жар, зной.

saxeni amisi: siTbo, papaneba, xvarSaki, unjufa, Wrtiali da sxv.~ (92).

94

xorSaki nasesxebia falauri xaršak sityvidan da ganimarteba, rogorc

`sicxe, gvalva, momakvdinebeli qari~ (4, 412); `qari Semwveli~ (54); `Semwveli

sicxe mzisa, зной~ (92); `sicxe, papanaqeba~ (33).

sicxe _ mÃurvaleba:

dauteva igi s i c x e m a n man, mr. 1, 31 C;

dauteva igi m Ã u r v a l e b a m a n, DE.

m-Ãurval-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc `gacxeleba~ (53); `sicxare,

simxurvale, горячесть. // seni sicxisa, xurveba, cxeleba, горячка~ (92);

`cxeleba, cieb-cxeleba~ (6; 33).

maSasadame, sicxe orgvar mniSvnelobas Seicavs, romlis ZiriTadi

mniSvnelobaa bunebrivi temperatura mzisgan, cecxlisgan an sxva raimesgan

gamowveuli. am mniSvnelobiT sicxes miemarTeba falauridan nasesxebi

xorSaki da berZnulSi maTi Sesatyvisia `sicxe~ (145; 127), xolo meore

mniSvneloba àvadmyofobas~ ukavSirdeba da am mniSvnelobiT sicxes

miemarTeba mÃurvaleba, romelTa fardia berZnulSi `sicxiani yofna,

cieb-cxeleba~ (145; 127).

spetak _ ganspetakeba _ ganTeTreba:

ixileT yanebi, rameTu s p e t a k arian samkalad awve, i. 4, 35 DE;

ixileT yanobiri ege, rameTu g a n T e T r e b u l arian da axan

mkad, C.

ver Zal-gic erTisa Tmisa g a n s p e t a k e b a d, gina daSavebad, m.

5, 36 DE;

ver SemZlebel xarT erTisa Tmisa g a n T e T r e b a d, anu

daSavebad, C.

spetak-i//gan-spetak-eb-a: spetaki falauri spēt/spētak sityvidan aris

nasesxebi (4, 372-373), romelic niSnavs `TeTrs~ (53; 92; 6; 33). ganspetakeba,

Sesabamisad `gaTeTrebas~ ewodeba.

gan-TeTr-eb-a//gan-TeTr-eb-ul qarTveluri *TeTr- fuZidan momdina-

reobs. z. sarjvelaZis azriT, TeTr- fuZe Ter- Ziris reduplikaciiT aris

95

miRebuli da misi amosavali semantika daculia svanur Ter- ZirSi, romelic

ukavSirdeba `Tvals; Cenas~. Te `Tvali~, Te-r-a `Cans~ (58, 172).

TeTri ganimarteba Semdegnairad: `spetaki, gina vecxli~ (53); `spetaki,

Tovlis feri. // TeTri fuli, vecxlis fuli~ (92). TeTrisgan nawarmoebi

sawyisisa da mimReobis formebi ganTeTreba//ganTeTrebul Sesabamisad

`gaspetakebas, gaspetakebuls~ aRniSnavs, romelTa fardia berZnulSi

`TeTri, brwyinvale~ (145; 127).

amdenad, falauridan nasesxebi spetakis qarTuli eqvivalentia TeTri,

magram e. doCanaSvilis ganmartebiT, spetaksa da TeTrs Soris niuansobrivi

gansxvaveba iCens Tavs: `spetaks xmaroben Zalian naTelisaTvis,

elvarisaTvis~ (24, 188). maSasadame, spetakSi ikveTeba diferencialuri

komponenti, rac Tvisebis gamovlenis yvelaze maRal xarisxze miuTiTebs.

asparezi _ utevani:

iyo beTania maxlobel ierusalÀmsa viTar aTxuTmet a s p a r e z

oden, i. 11, 18 C;

iyo beTania maxlobel ierusalÀmsa viTar aTxuTmet oden u t e v a n,

DE.

asparezi: am sityvisaTvis amosavalia saS. sparsuli forma

aspres//aspras, `cxenT sarbieli, sigrZis sazomi~ (4, 283). leqsikonTa mixedviT:

àsparezi somxurad stadions hqvian, xolo qarTulad mindorsa, romel ars

meidani~ (53); `stadioni, utevani, an sarbieli. // meidani, saTamaSo adgili,

anu mindori~ (92). asparezs efardeba Sesabamis berZnul teqstSi

_`stadioni~, romelic sabas ganmartebiT `143 biji iqnebis~ (53).

maSasadame, moxmobil magaliTSi (i. 11, 18) es sityva swored `sigrZis

sazomis~ mniSvnelobiT aris naxmari. oTxTavSi asparezi mxolod manZilis

sazomis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba, magram sxva teqstebSi dasturdeba

`cxenTsarbielis~ mniSvnelobiTac. kerZod:

`viTarca-igi romelni asparezsa cxenTasa erTi-erTsa uswroben da

ganscxrebied, da sarbieli veraM poian... “ (82, 26, 18).

96

utevani ki aris igive `stadioni, anu sarbieli~ (54) da miCneulia

somxuridan nasesxeb enobriv erTeulad (135, XXXVII; 158, 273-279).

amdenad, moxmobil erTeulebSi nasesxeb leqsemaTa Soris gvaqvs

sinonimuri mimarTeba.

3.3. ebrauli leqsikis Semcveli sinonimuri mwkrivebi

satana _ eSmaki:

warved Cemgan, s a t a n a, sacnaur Cemda xar, m. 16, 23 FGHIK;

warved Cemgan, e S m a k o, rameTu sacnaur Cemda xar, DEC.

viTar Ãel-ewifebis e S m a k s a e S m a k i s a gansxmaM, mr. 3, 23

DEC.

satana: (ebr. satan, berZn. somx. satana). es sityva

ebraulidan momdinareobs da aRniSnavs `mters, mowinaaRmdeges,

bralmdebels, cilismwamebels; aseve aRniSnavs _ eSmaks, RmerTis mters,

maSasadame, adamianis mtersac; Zvel qarTulSi ki mÃdoms~ (12, 151; 117, 860; 22,

137; 55; 92); satana sazogadod `mowinaaRmdegis~ mniSvnelobiT ufro Zv.

aRTqmaSia naxmari (ricx. 22-22-32; III mef. 5, 4), magram oTxTavis teqstSiac

dasturdeba (m. 6, 23) satana//eSmaki leqsemaTa sinonimuri mimarTeba. Tumca

oTxTavis or Zvel redaqciaSi es leqsema ar gvxvdeba. satana dasturdeba

oTxTavis or bolo redaqciaSi, sadac eqvTime mTawmidels igi uTargmneli

dautovebia ara imitom rom misi Sesatyvisi ar iyo qarTulSi, aramed ùfro

metad imis gamo, rom am tipis sityvebi gavrcelebuli iyo (morwmuneTa

Soris) da isedac kargad esmodaT maTi mniSvneloba~ (35, 85).

eSmaki avesturi aeŠma formidan momdinareobs. èSmaki qarTuli

mwerlobis ufro adrindel ZeglebSi gvxvdeba, vidre eSma. eSmaki saSualo

sparsuli formaa, xolo eSma axali sparsuli (daboloeba ak>ah>a_ax.

sparsulSi)~ (4, 315). eSmaki ganimarteba Semdegnairad: èSmaki dasabam

keTilisa arsebisagan Seqmna RmerTman, aramed aRzvavna da ampartav(a)nebisa

mier daeca, gar(d)mocvivnes da bnel iqmn(n)es. eSmaki gamoiTargmanebis

Semasmenelad, gina sawuTrod, gina Jamierad, gina Wmunvad~ (53); `satana, suli

97

boroti, arawminda~ (92); `satana, macduri, boroti, avi suli~ (6). maSasadame,

sinonimuri sityvebi satana//eSmaki orive nasesxebia.

mamona _ fasi:

isxeniT Tavisa Tquenisa megobarni m a m o n a Á s a mimarT

sicruvisa, l. 16, 9 DE FGHIK;

iyveniT Tavebisa Tquenisa megobreb f a s i s a g a n sicruvisa, C.

mamona: (qaldeuri fuZea mamo n, ebr. mammo n, sir.-arab. mamo na, berZn.

am fuZis mniSvnelobaa `simdidre, qoneba, yovelgvari SenaZeni, maT

Soris oqros, vercxlis fuli. mamonas bibliaSi gadataniTi mniSvneloba

aqvs da aRniSnavs angarebas~ (22, 158). es sityva leqsikonTa mixedviT

ganimarteba, rogorc `simdidre, anu simdidris RGTaeba~ (92); `simdidre~

(127); ùsamarTlo vercxlismoyvareba; qoneba~ (6; 33). mamona oTxTavSi orive

mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba `simdidris da warmarTuli RvTaebis saxelad~ (m. 6,

24; l. 16, 9, 11, 13). Tumca paralelur redaqciebSi sinonimebis saxiT

(mamona//fasi) mxolod l. 16, 9-Si dasturdeba, romelic `simdidres~

aRniSnavs.

fasi, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, nasesxebia Zv. alan. *feas (fas) formidan (4,

113) da ganimarteba Semdegnairad `sasyideli~ (54); `Rirebuleba nivTTa, anu

TeTri saxmari sasyidlad maTsa // Rirseba, anu pativi~ (92); `simdidre,

qoneba~ (33). aRniSnul SemTxvevaSic (mamona//fasi) nasesxeb leqsemebs Soris

gvaqvs sinonimuri mimarTeba.

mesia _ qriste _ cxebuli:

mesia _ qriste:

vpoveT m e s i a, romel ars TargmanebiT: q r i s t e, i. 1, 41 DEC

FGHIK.

vici, ufalo, rameTu m e s i a movals, romelsa hrqÂan q r i s t e,

i. 4, 25 DECFGHIK.

qriste _ cxebuli:

miugo petre da hrqua: Sen xar q r i s t e, ZÀ RmrTisaÁ, l. 9, 20 DE;

miugo petre da Tqua: c x e b u l i RmrTisaÁ, CFGHIK.

98

mesia: (ebr. maŠih, maŠiah, sir. mŠiha, berZsomxuri mesia). es

Zvelebrauli sityva (maSiha) saxarebis teqstSi `cxebuls~, `samefo cxebuls~

(mefed kurTxeuls) niSnavs~ (117, 573; 12, 148). ebr. maSiha Zvel aRTqmaSic

agreTve aRniSnavs: `qurums, mRvdels, ufals, mTavars~. misi Targmania berZn.

romelic iesos mudmiv epiTetad iqca da Semdgom sakuTar saxelad

iqna gaazrebuli. leqsikonTa mixedviT mesia aris `cxebuli uflisa~ (55);

`messia, ebrauli cxebuli, saxeli ese ekuTvnis iesu qristesa~ (92; 33). adre

efrem mcires sworad hqonda warmodgenili am sityvis istoriuli

mniSvneloba, roca werda: èbraelTa TÂssa enasa sxuaÁ saxeli aqus

`cxebulisaÁ~, ese igi ars `qriste~ (84, 92). `mesia qarTulSi berZnulis

saSualebiTaa Semosuli, magram qarTulSi gvaqvs am sityvis aRmosavluri

formac mSia (57, 239). mSia amJRavnebs qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo

terminologiis kavSirs asurulTan / siriulTan. marTlac sir. mSiha `mefed

cxebuls~ niSnavs (162, 133).

k. danelias aRniSvniT, `mwignobrul qarTuls mesia dRemde SemorCa,

oRond `mxsnelis~ mniSvnelobiT da ara `cxebulisa~. aseTi gadaazreba

mesiasTan qristes dakavSirebiT moxda, Torem Zveladve icodnen, rom

ebrauli iesuas (berZn. iesus) Targmania macxovar~ (22, 142).

paseqi _ pasqa _ vneba _ zatiki _ ucomoeba _ balarjoba

paseqi _ vneba:

moaxloebul iyo p a s q a Á igi huriaTaÁ, i. 2, 13 DE;

iyo p a s q a Á, romel ars v n e b a Á, mr. 14, 1 DE.

sada ars sayofeli Cemi, sada p a s e q i mowafeTa CemTa Tana vWamo,

mr. 14, 14 DE;

sada ars vani igi Cemi, sada v n e b a T a Á igi mowafeTa CemTa Tana

SevWamo, C.

odes p a s q a s a mas dahklvides, mr. 14, 12 DE;

raJams v n e b a T a s a mas dahklvides, C.

paseqi/paseki/paska: (ebr. pasah, sir. pesah, berZn. , somx. paseq).

paseqi//pasqa ebraelTa dResaswaulis aRmniSvneli sityvaa, romelic

99

gazafxulze buniobas imarTeboda nisanis (aprilis) Tvis 14-s, rogorc

mosavlis dResaswauli. Semdeg daukavSirda ebraelTa egviptis tyveobidan

gamosvlas, monobidan daxsnis dRes. `gvian ebraulidan momdinare

berZnulSi gaazrebuli iqna, rogorc `vneba gancdili~

zmnisagan momdinared qristes vnebasTan dakavSirebiT da qristes aRdgomis

dResaswaulad gaSinaarsda~. amdenad, arasworia roca paseqi vnebis

dResaswaulad ganimarteba. (22, 135). am sityvis sinonimebad bibliis wignTa

qarTul TargmanebSi zatiki da vneba aris naxmari. paseqi da pasqa

dResaswaulTan erTad am dResaswaulze `Sesawirav kravsac~, an `Tikansac~

aRniSnavda.

leqsikonTa mixedviT pasqa//paseqi ganimarteba, rogorc `Cinebuli

dResaswauloba uriaTa mosaxsenebelad gamoslÂsa maTisa egÂptiT, пасха,

, xolo qristeaneni vuwodebT sauflosa dResa qristes aRdgomisasa~

(92). èbraelTa dResaswauli egviptidan gamosvlis saxsovrad dawesebuli.

misi sinonimebia `pasqa~, `vneba~ zogjer, agreTve `zatiki~, magram pasqis

formiT berZnuli sityva gaugiaT da qarTulad `vnebad~ uTargmniaT; paseqi,

`sapaseqod dakluli kravi; sapaseqo saWmeli~ (33). amdenad, paseqi qarTulSi

ori mniSvnelobiT Sevida. 1. èbraelTa dResaswauli egviptelTa monobidan

gamoxsnis aRmniSvneli~; 2. `qristes aRdgomis dResaswauli~ (33).

vneba: `paseqi, zatiki, ucomoebis dResaswauli; sapaseqod dasaklavi

kravi~ (33). vneba zemodasaxelebuli orive mniSvnelobiT miemarTeba pasqas.

igi `dResaswaulis~ mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba magaliTSi mr. 14, 1, xolo,

`sapaseqod dasaklavi kravis~ SinaarsiT dasturdeba mr. 14, 12 DE-Si,

romelTac berZnulSi zemodasaxelebuli efardeba.

paseqi _ zatiki:

iyo maxlobel p a s e q i, dResaswauli igi huriaTaÁ, i. 11, 55 DE;

maxlobel iyo z a t i k i igi huriaTaÁ, C.

raÁTa SeWamon p a s e q i igi, i. 18, 28 DE;

raÁTa SeWamon z a t i k i igi, C.

100

zatiki ganimarteba, rogorc `gamoÃsna, gina ganTavisufleba~ (53);

`somxurad dResaswauli. // zoggan daudviaT paseqis magier, // wigni

sagalobelTa paseqidam vidre yovelTa wmidaTa kÂriakedmde~ (92); `paseqi,

dResaswauli huriaTa, msxverpli~ (6); `sapaseqod dasaklavi kravi~ (33).

pasqa _ ucomoeba:

moaxlebul iyo dResaswauli igi u c o m o e b i s a Á, romelsa

hrqÂan p a s q a Á, l. 22, 1 DE.

ix. agreTve: mr. 14, 1; i. 2, 13.

moiwines dReni igi u c o m o e b i s a n i, odes Rirda p a s q a Á

igi daklvad, l. 22, 7 DE.

u-com-o-eb-a: comi berZnuli `comi; droJi~ (145; 127) sityvidan aris

nawarmoebi. coms erTdroulad erTvis uqonlobis u- da abstraqtulobis

mawarmoebeli -eba afiqsebi. ucomoeba èse ars martis mTvarisa meaToTxmete

dRe, romelsa Sina huriani Svid dRe ucomosa Wamden, romel ars paseqi,

romelsa Sina ivno qristeman; dResaswauli balarjobisa, romel ars

ucomoeba~ (53; 54; 6); èbraelTa erTi dResaswauli, roca aufuari puri unda

eWamaT~ (33).

ucomoeba _ balarjoba:

pirvelsa mas dResa u c o m o e b i s a s a mouÃdes mowafeni iesus,

m. 26, 17 DE;

pirvelsa mas b a l a r j o b a s a mouÃdes mowafeni iesus, C.

balarj-ob-a: leqsikonTa mixedviT ùcomoobis kvira~ (53; 92); èbraelTa

dResaswauli, roca isini sjulisamebr balarjs Wamen~ (6); `dResaswauli,

roca afuebuli comis Wama ar SeiZleboda~ (33).

sinonimuri wyvili ucomoeba//balarjoba berZnulSi gadmoicema sityviT

ùcomoeba, ucomoebis dResaswauli~ (145; 127).

3.4. somxuri leqsikis Semcveli sinonimuri mwkrivebi

Cororodi _ oTxTa samTavroTa mTavari:

mas Jamsa Sina esma herodes C o r o r o d s a hambavi iesusi, m. 14, 1

C;

101

mas Jamsa Sina esma herodes, oTxTa samTavroTa mTavarsa, hambavi

iesuÁsi, DE.

oTxTa samTavroTa mTavars Seesatyviseba berZnulSi xolo

somxurSi am sityvis gadmosacemad gamoiyeneba Cororodi, rac meoTxeds

niSnavs (22, 86). maSasadame, oTxTavis teqstSi dadasturebuli

berZnuli `tetrarqi~ (145; 127) Sesatyvisi Cororodi `qveynis oTx

nawils, an meoTxeds~ niSnavs.

rezi _ saxueveli:

gamovida mkudari igi, kruli ferÃiT, ÃeliT r e z i T a, da piri

misi daxueul iyo sudriTa, i. 11, 44 C;

gamovida mkudari igi, Sekruli ÃeliTa da ferÃiTa da s a x u e v e-

l i T a, DE.

rezi ganimarteba, rogorc `grZeli tilo saxvevad~ (6); `saburveli,

saxvevi~ (33). berZnulSi rezi gadmoicema sityviT `Tasma, Rvedi;

samgloviaro lenti, bafTi, an saburveli zewari, sudari~ (145; 127). e.

doCanaSvili gvaZlevs cxrils, sadac adiSis nusxaSi warmodgenili sityvebi

balarjoba, dangi, varSamagi, pari, rezi, stevi, takuki, SiSi, Cororodi

upirispirdeba winareaTonurisa da giorgiseuli redaqciebis nusxaTa

leqsikas. somxuri Targmanis Sesatyvis adgilas adiSis oTxTavSi

dadasturebul sityvas (rezi) vxvdebiT~ (25, 206). `zemoT CamoTvlil

leqsemaTagan SiSi, Cororodi da rezi Zveli qarTuli enis sxva ZeglebSi

ar dasturdeba~ (63, 59).

sa-xu-ev-el-i qarTveluri *xG- Ziris mqone leqsemaa, rac niSnavs

`zonars an bawars, risame mosaWidebels~ (92). aRniSnul magaliTSi (i. 11, 14)

saxueveli micvalebulis `Sesaxvevs~ niSnavs.

jurRumuli _ Ãnarcu _ mTxrebli _ danaxeTqi

jurRumuli _ Ãnarcu:

STavardes igi dResa SabaTsa j u r R u m u l s a, m. 12, 11 DE;

STavardes igi SafaTsa Sina Ã n a r c u s a, C.

mTxrebli _ danaxeTqi:

102

zeda amas yovelsa m T x r e b l did ars Soris Cuensa da Tquensa,

l. 16, 26 C;

amas yovelsa Tana Soris Cuensa da Sensa d a n a x e T q i didi

damtkicebul ars, DE.

m-Txr-eb-l-i saerToqarTveluri *Txar- zmnuri Ziris Semcveli

leqsemaa. qarTul Txar-/Txr- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megr. Txor-

laz. Txor-/nTxor- da svan. STxar-/STxr-. Sesatyvisobebi vlindeba

dasaxelebul ZirTa semantikaSic (65). mTxrebli ganimarteba Semdegnairad:

`xelovnebiT amoTxrili, anu bunebiT ormo~ (92); `Txrili~ (6); `Txrili,

ormo, ufskruli~ (33).

jurRumuli: es leqsema somxuridan aris Semosuli qarTulSi (25, 18).

jurRumuli warmoadgens mTxreblis nairsaxeobas, kerZod, igi aris `Wa,

wyalT savsebeli~ (92); `Wa, ormo (wyliani), Txrili, arxi, wyalsadineli~ (6;

33).

Ãnarcu àrs mTxrebli miwisa msgavsad mRvimisa~ (54; 92); `xrami,

Txrili, ormo~ (6; 33). sinonimuri rigis sityvebi mTxrebli//jurRumuli//

Ãnarcu berZnulSi gadmoicema sityviT òrmo~ (145; 127).

da-na-xeTq-i: leqsikonTa mixedviT `naprali gausvleli~ (53); `naprali

wiaRsavalad SeuZlebeli, didi flate momzRGleuli~ (92); `Txrili,

ufskruli~ (6; 33). danaxeTqs berZnulSi Seesatyviseba leqsema òrmo,

naprali, ufskruli~ (145; 127).

maSasadame, mTxrebli da misi Sesatyvisi somxuri leqsema jurRumuli

bunebrivad amoTxril wylian, an uwylo òrmos~ niSnavs. Ãnarcu igive

òrmoa~, oRond didi zomis, `mRvimis msgavsi~. danaxeTqi ki gadaulaxav

naprals, anu ùfskruls~ warmoadgens.

ganbokleba _ keTrovneba _ ganboklebuli _ keTrovani

ganbokleba _ keTrovneba:

munquesve ganeSora mas g a n b o k l e b a Á igi, mr. 1, 42 C;

meyseulad ganeyara misgan k e T r o v n e b a Á igi, DE.

103

ganboklebuli _ keTrovani:

wardga mis winaSe g a n b o k l e b u l i, m. 8, 2 C;

k e T r o v a n i vinme mouÃda, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 11, 5; 26, 6; l. 17, 12.

gan-bokl-eb-a//gan-bokl-eb-ul-i miCneulia somxuridan nasesxeb sityvad

da niSnavs `keTrs, keTriT daavadebuls~ (59, 189; 33, 82); `keTris sneulebas~

(53).

keTr-i//keTr-ovan-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc `ÃorcTa ganTeTreba da

qertli~ (53); `seni friad saZageli da kninRa ukurnebeli, romel gamoesxmis

sruliads tanzed TeTri muwukebi qertliviT da dasqdeba simpaliT; keTriT

sneuli~ (92); `keTriani, avadmyofi~ (33).

zemodasaxelebuli sinonimuri leqsemebi berZnulSi gadmoicema

sityviT `keTri~.

cxadia, ganxiluli sityvebiT ar amoiwureba oTxTavis sinonimur

sistemaSi nasesxebi leqsikis Semcveli sinonimuri rigebi. zemoganxilul

masalas SeiZleba daematos:

berZnul leqsemaTa Semcveli sinonimuri rigebi: konqi//embazi//sabaneli

(i. 7, 9; 13, 5); lagÂni//sarwyuli//takuki (mr. 14, 13; i. 2, 6);

aloe//nelsacxebeli; legeoni//gundi; keisari//mefe; (mr. 12, 14);

fsalmuni//galoba (l. 24, 44; m. 26, 30); eklesia//krebuli àxal aRTqmaSi

eklesia yovelTvis adamianebs miemarTeba da ara Senobebs~ (12, 145) (m. 16, 18;

18, 17); berZuli//hromaebri...

gvxvdeba imgvari berZnuli sityvebic, romelTac oTxTavis teqstis

mixedviT sinonimuri mewyvileebi ar moepovebaT, magram Tu Zveli qarTuli

enis teqstebs saerTod ganvixilavT, SesaZloa zogierT maTgans sinonimuri

ekvivalentebi gamouCndes. aseTebia magaliTad: litra (berZn. i. 12, 3;

19, 39); margaliti (berZn. , m. 7, 6; 13, 45; 46); milioni (berZn. m.

5, 41); navi (berZn. , m. 4, 21; 22; 8, 23; 24; 9, 1; 13, 2...); stamani (berZn.

, mr. 7, 4); tegani (berZn. l. 11, 22); sandali (berZ.

mr. 6, 9...

104

oTxTavis sinonimur rigebSi SedarebiT meti raodenobiT dasturdeba

iranuli enebidan nasesxebi sityvebi; aseTebia: Jami (fal. zaman, zamanak)

//dReni (l. 1, 57...); taZari (Zv. sp. tačara) //saxli//samRdelo//vani (iran. vahana) //

savane//sadguri//sayofeli (m. 11, 1; mr. 8, 3; 14, 14; i. 14, 2...); draqme//drahkani

(ax. sp. dahgan) // satiri (m. 10, 13; 20, 2; 9; l. 15, 9); amboxi (sp. ambo h)

//eri//SfoTi (m. 9, 23; 25; 26, 47; 55; 27, 24; mr. 3, 9; 5, 27; 30; 31; 14, 43; 22, 27...);

knin//kninak (Zv. ir. *kunin) //mcire//mciredi (m. 18, 10; 14; mr. 14, 35; i. 16, 16; 17...);

stevi (os. teva) //Tma (m. 1, 6; 3, 4); WeSmariteba//WeSmariti (saS. sp. čašmdit)

//simarTle//nandÂlv (m. 6, 33; l. 23, 47; i. 3, 21); dangi (fal. dank) //asari (m. 10,

29); urakparaki (fal. frapadak) //savaWro//ubani (m. 11, 16; mr. 7, 4); alagi (saS.

sp. arak, alak) //adgili//moadgili (i. 5, 13)...

semitur leqsemaTa Semcvel sinonimur rigebs ganekuTvneba agreTve:

amen// amÀn (ebr. amen) //marTliad (i. 1, 51...); basroba (sir. basir) //kicxeva (mr.

15, 20...); mangali (sir. maggala) //mRuli; meÃmle//mexarbe...

amdenad, oTxTavSi sakmao raodenobiT gvxvdeba nasesxebi leqsikis

Semcveli sinonimuri rigebi. ucxouri sityvebi ZiriTadad dasturdeba

adiSis (C) teqstSi, xolo maTi Sesatyvisi leqsikuri eqvivalentebi

oTxTavis sxva redaqciebSi. aRniSnuli nasesxebi leqsemebi sxvadasxva

wyarodan momdinareoben. esenia: berZnuli, iranuli, ebrauli (semituri),

somxuri. cxadia berZnul_iranul_semituri momdinareobis sityvebi

uSualod pirvelwyarodan rodi iqneba SeTvisebuli, aramed isini qarTulSi

moxvdnen sxvadasxva enis meSveobiTac. leqsemaTa udidesi nawili qarTulSi

berZnulidan aris Semosuli.

berZnulidan nasesxebi leqsemebi, romlebic ZiriTadad, rogorc iTqva,

adiSis (C) redaqciaSi dasturdeba `gulisxmobs imas, rom oTxTavis adiSuri

redaqciis avtors xelT hqonia berZnuli dedani~ (77, 114). rac imas mowmobs,

rom umetesi wili oTxTavSi dadasturebuli berZnuli leqsemebisa

uSualod Targmanis gavleniT aixsneba (25, 203).

agreTve, oTxTavSi, kerZod adiSis (C) redaqciaSi daculi iranulidan

nasesxebi erTeulebi rogoricaa àmboxi, ampartavani, asparezi, bevri,

105

boroti, Jami, urakparaki qarTuls somxuris gziT unda hqondes nasesxebi,

raki bgeriTi Sedgenilobis mxriv qarTuli formebi mxars uWers ufro am

sityvebis somxur saxes, vidre pirvelwyaros~ (25, 203). magram gvaqvs iranuli

leqsikidan nasesxebi saxeucvleli sinonimur wyvilTa calebi, rogoricaa:

grivi, gundi, dangi, vaWari, mari, roWiki, spetaki, tagari, tanjva... aseTi

SemTxvevebSi savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom falauridan qarTulis mier

uSualo sesxebasTan gvqondes saqme (7, 099; 25, 203).

sinonimur rigebSi dadasturebuli siriul_semituri warmoSobis

sityvebi qarTulSi berZnulis an berZnulis gavlenis gziTac aris

SeTvisebuli. ase magaliTad: amin, gehenia, mamona, muri, pasqa. berZnulsac da

somxursac siriulis gziT aqvs miRebuli (25, 204).

zogierTi nasesxebi leqsema, rogoricaa: balarjoba, dangi, varSamagi,

pari, rezi, stevi, takuki, SiSi, Cororodi saerToa adiSis (C) redaqciasa da

oTxTavis Sesabamis somxur teqstSi, magram am sityvebis arsebobac arafers

metyvelebs qarTuli teqstis somxurze damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. am tipis

sityvaTa udidesi nakadi qarTul enas ara mwignobruli, aramed zepiri gziT

unda hqondes SeTvisebuli (25, 204).

106

Tavi IV

zmnuri sinonimuri rigebi oTxTavSi

oTxTavis sinonimur sistemaSi sxva leqsikur erTeulebTan SedarebiT

yvelaze vrclad zmnuri sinonimebi aris warmodgenili. sinonimur zmnaTa

siuxves upirvelesad ganapirobebs zmnis semantikuri struqtura, romelic

ufro tevadi da moqnilia, vidre danarCeni metyvelebis nawilebisa.

sxvadasxva meqanizmze dayrdnobiT zmnebs SeuZliaT warmoqmnan axali

leqsikuri erTeulebi, riTac mravalferovani xdeba zmnis semantika.

`qarTveluri enebis garda arc erT iberiul-kavkasiur enas ar SeuZlia

saxelis fuZisagan iseTi nair-nairi axali fuZeebi awarmoos, rogorc

qarTulSi gvaqvs~ (71, 033). produqtiulobis mxriv gansakuTrebiT mdidaria

saxelis fuZisagan zmnaTa warmoeba (70, 94-113). zmnur sinonimur rigebs

amdidrebs saxelzmnuri, sawyisisa da mimReobebis formebi, romlebic

Tavisuflad enacvlebian maTi msgavsi semantikis mqone zmnur leqsemebs.

sinonimur zmnebSi gansakuTrebuli funqcia akisria zmniswinebs,

romelTac SeuZliaT msgavsi Zirebidan axali leqsikuri mniSvnelobebis

mqone leqsemaTa warmoqmna. agreTve, maT aqvT unari zmnis semantikaSi

damatebiTi niuansis Setanisa, romelic zmnas gansakuTrebul elfers

aniWebs. garda amisa, zogjer zmniswinian formebs meti eqspresiuloba

axasiaTebT (13, 33-34).

oTxTavSi gamoiyofa sinonimur zmnaTa sxvadasxva semantikuri jgufi,

TiToeul semantikur rigSi ikveTeba dominanturi, maintegrirebeli leqsema,

romelic Tavisuflad enacvleba struqturaSi Semaval nebismier wevrs.

metyvelebis sxva nawilebTan SedarebiT, dominanturi statusis mqone zmna

teqstSi gamoirCeva yvelaze maRali sixSiriT, yvelaze ufro farTo

mniSvnelobiT (e. i. ufro didi eqstensionaliT) (15, 366). igi semantikurad da

stilisturad neitraluria. dominanta leqsemisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia

makroniSani, anu ZiriTadi semantikuri niSani, romelic devs sinonimuri

rigis yvela leqsemaSi _ es aris maTi identifikaciis safuZveli, xolo

diferenciacias axdens is niuansobrivi datvirTvis mqone semantikuri

107

niSnebi, anu sinonimTa diferencialuri komponentebi, romelic erTvis

ZiriTad mniSvnelobas da ganasxvavebs maT dominanturi leqsemisagan (13, 32).

4.1. moZraobis semantikis mqone sinonimur zmnaTa rigebi

oTxTavis zmnur sinonimur sistemaSi Cven ZiriTadad ganvixilavT val/-

Ged-/Gid- Ziris mqone zmnur leqsemebs, romlebic subieqtis an obieqtis

gadaadgilebis procesSi gamoxataven moZraobas (26, 39). aRniSnul Zirs

erTvis sxvadasxva zmniswini da miiReba moslva, mislva, aRslva, warslva,

Tanawarslva, garewarslva da sxv. zmnuri formebi, romelTaganac

TiToeuli maTgani cal-calke sinonimur rigs qmnis

val/-Ged-/Gid- Zirisagan miRebul zmniswinian formebs sinonimur rigSi

dominant leqsemaTa statusi gaaCniaT, xolo calkeuli wevrebi sxvadasxva

semantikuri Tu stilisturi niSnebiT emijneba maT.

moslva _ mowevna _ miwevna _ moaxleba _ moxeba _ moÃdoma _

SemTxueva _ mogebeba _ moyvaneba

dasaxelebuli sinonimuri rigis zmnaTa ZiriTadi semantikuri niSania

subieqtis `moZraoba, svla, gadaadgileba~ saaqeTo mimarTulebiT. mwkrivis

dominantur leqsemas warmoadgens moslva zmna, romelic aRniSnavs swored

subieqtis gadaadgilebas saaqeTo mimarTulebiT. igi semantikuri da

stilisturi TvalsazrisiT neitraluri leqsemaa, romelic Tavisuflad

enacvleba sinonimur mwkrivSi Semaval yvela erTeuls. calkeul wevrebSi

ki niuansuri datvirTvis mqone diferencialur niSanTa mateba SeiniSneba,

riTac isini ganirCevian dominanturi zmnisagan.

moslva _ mowevna _ miwevna:

Se-oden-riJuneboda, da arRa m o s r u l iyo maTa iesu, i. 6, 17 DE;

aha dabnelda, da vidre arRa m o w e v n u l iyo maTa iesu, C;

m o v i d a iuda skarioteli, erTi aTormetTagani, mr. 14, 43 DE;

m o i w i a iuda, erTi aTormetTagani, C.

ix. agreTve: m. 23, 35; i. 4, 27; 12, 28; 16, 4; 16, 32.

m o v i d a pirvelad saflavad, i. 20, 4 DE;

m i i w i a pirvel samaresa mas, C.

108

mo-slv-a qarTveluri *val-/Ged-/Gid- Ziridan momdinareobs, romlis

ZiriTadi semantikaa `moZraoba, svla~ (65). samecniero literaturaSi

dadasturebulia, rom mo- zmniswini saaqeTo orientacias aRniSnavs (91, 73;

138, 133, $, 111; 81, $ 62; 42, $ 302, 306, 307, 308, 312, 313; 42, 82).

mo-slv-a ganimarteba, rogorc `movides vinme~ (53); ìgive 1 da 2

pirisadmi, raÁca 3-dmi mislva, приходить~ (92). moslva zmnas berZnulSi

efardeba `mosvla~ (145; 127).

mo-w-ev-a//mi-w-ev-n-a or mniSvnelobas Seicavs: 1. `mowevna igive 1 da 2

pirisadmi, raic miwevna 3-dmi, moRweva, mosvla~; 2. `drois mosvla~ (92; 6; 33).

maSasadame, moweva zmna garda `mosvlisa~ niSnavs agreTve drois

moaxlovebas. igi, erTi mxriv, Sedis moslva zmnis sinonimur jgufSi rigiT

wevrad, xolo, meore mxriv, qmnis calke sinonimur qvejgufs

moaxleba//moxeba//SemTxueva leqsemebis saxiT.

moslva _ moÃdoma _ miÃdoma:

m o v i d e s misa mRdelT moZRuarni igi da mwignobarni, mr. 11, 27 C;

m o u Ã d e s mas mRdelT moZRuarni da mwignobarni, DE.

m o v i d a pilatesa da gamoiTxova guami iesuÁsi, m. 27, 58 DE;

m i u Ã d a pilates da mohsTxovna Ãorcni igi iesusni, C.

kacsa visme esxnes or Ze; da m i u Ã d a pirvelsa mas da hrqua, m. 21,

28 C;

kacsa visme esxnes or Ze; da m o u Ã d a pirvelsa mas da hrqua, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 26, 50; 26, 69; 28, 9; mr. 6, 33; l. 20, 1.

mo-Ãd-om-a//mi-Ãd-om-a saerToqarTveluri *Ãad-/Ãed-/Ãd- Ziridan

momdinareobs. `qarTul Ãd- Zirs Seesatyviseba megruli rT-, lazuri xT- da

svanuri Ãed-/Ãd-~. Sesatyvisobebi dasturdeba dasaxelebul ZirTa

semantikaSic, romlis ZiriTadi mniSvnelobaa `svla, mosvla~ (65).

moÃdoma leqsikonTa mixedviT aris `Tav-auzidrad moslva~ (53); àxlos

mislva, приступать, подходить~ (92); `moaxloeba, Sexvedra; moxdoma, mowevna~ (6);

`mosvla (vismesTan)~ (33).

109

moxmobil ganmartebaTagan moÃdoma àxlos mosvlas~ anu sabas TqmiT,

`Tav-auzidrad~ mosvlis diferencialur niSans Seicavs, romelsac efardeba

berZnulSi zmnebi `mosvla, moaxloeba; movardna,

Tavdasxma~ (145; 127).

moweva//miwevna, moÃdoma//miÃdoma erTeulebi Tavisuflad enacvlebian

moslva zmnas konteqstebSi, radgan dasaxelebul zmnur sinonimTa mo- da mi-

zmniswinian formebSi moubari piri zmnas pirianobiT ar ukavSirdeba. mo-

zmniswinis xmarebisas igi (moubari piri) zmniT gamoxatul moqmedebas misi

sasruli poziciidan uyurebs da orientacia saaqeToa, xolo mi- zmniswins

maSin xmarobs, roca moqmedebas sawyisi poziciidan uyurebs da Sesabamisad

orientaciac saiqeToa (26, 61).

moweva _ moaxleba _ moxeba:

aha esera m o i w i a Jami, da Ze kacisaÁ miecemis ÃelTa codvilTasa,

m. 26, 45 C;

aha esera m o a x l e b u l ars Jami, da ZÀ kacisaÁ mieces ÃelTa

kacTa codvilTasa, DE.

raJams m o i w i a Jami nayofisaÁ, m. 21, 34 DE;

raJams m o e x o Jami nayofisaÁ, C.

mo-axl-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc `moaxloeba~ (6; 33); ìgive 1 da 2

pirisadmi, raÁca 3-dmi miaxleba, приближаться~ (92).

moweva//moaxleba sinonimuri zmnebi m. 26, 45; 21, 34 magaliTebSi drois

mosvlas aRniSnaven da ara fizikurad gadaadgilebas. aseT SemTxvevaSi,

aRniSnul zmnebs SeZenili aqvT damatebiTi semantikuri niuansi (119, 20). aq

drois `cvlilebazea~ saubari da ara moZraobaze, radgan drois fizikurad

gadaadgileba SeuZlebelia (110, 243).

moweva//moaxleba berZnulSi gadmoicema zmniT, rac niSnavs

`moaxloebas, daaxloebas; axlos yofnas, gverdiT yofnas~ (145; 127).

mo-x-eb-a: leqsikonTa mixedviT `miaxleba, SeerTeba~ (6); `Sexeba,

moaxloeba~ (33); moxeba zmna moxmobil konteqstSi (m. 21, 34) drois

moaxloebas gulisxmobs. am SemTxvevaSic msjelobaa ara fizikurad

110

gadaadgilebaze, aramed drois cvlilebaze. moxebas berZnulSi

Seesatyviseba zmna `Sexeba; xelis xleba~ (145; 127).

moweva _ SemTxueva:

raJams m o i w i i s Wiri gina devnulebaÁ sityÂsa misTÂs, meyseulad

dabrkoldian, mr. 4, 17 DE;

raJams S e e m T x u i i s Wiri anu devnulebaÁ sityÂsa misTÂs,

munquesve cTian, C.

Se-mTxu-ev-a qarTveluri *mTxG- Ziris mqone leqsemaa, romlis ZiriTadi

mniSvnelobaa `dartyma, Tavdasxma~, xolo `Sexvedra~ meoreulia. leqsikonTa

mixedviT SemTxueva ganimarteba rogorc `Semoyra~ (54); `qmna, moweva, micema

mizezisa savnebelad. // Sexvedra momavalTa urTierTisad...~ (92); `Sexvedra,

Seyra, Segebeba~ (6; 33). SemTxueva zmna aRniSnul konteqstSi (l. 17, 12),

moulodnelad Sexvedris niuanss Seicavs. mas berZnulSi Seesatyviseba

`mosvla; Sexvedra...~ (145; 127).

SemTxueva _ mogebeba:

S e e m T x Â n e s mas aTni kacni ganboklebulni, l. 17, 12 C;

m i e g e b v o d e s mas aTni keTrovanni kacni, DE.

mo-geb-eb-a: leqsikonTa mixedviT niSnavs `migebebas, win Sexvedras,

встречать~ (92; 6). mogebeba zmnas berZnulSi efardeba `svla, wasvla,

gamgzavreba; Sexvedra, mosvla~ (145; 127).

amdenad, ganxiluli sinonimuri rigis zmnaTa ZiriTad semantikur

niSans warmoadgens fizikurad gadaadgileba saaqeTo orientaciis mixedviT.

am mniSvnelobas Seicavs mwkrivis dominanturi erTeuli moslva zmna,

romelsac sxvadasxva azrobrivad diferencialuri niSnebiT emijneba

calkeuli wevrebi.

mislva _ moslva _ miaxleba _ wiaR-slva _ mitontmaneba _

migual _ Sexeba _ mixeba

mislva _ moslva _ miaxleba:

m i v i d a simon-petresa da erTisa mis mowfisa, i. 20, 2 C;

m o v i d a simon-petresa da sxÂsa mis mowafisa, DE.

111

Tavadi iesu m i e a x l a da m i v i d o d a maT Tana, l. 24, 15

C;

Tavadi iesu m i e a x l a maT Tana da Tana-uvidoda, DE.

moslva _ moaxleba _ miaxleba:

m o v i d e s adgilsa mas, romelsa hrqÂan Txemisa adgili, l. 23, 33

DE;

m i e a x l n e s adgilsa mas, romelsa erqumis Txem, C.

viTarca m o v i d o d a da m i e a x l a saxlsa mas, l. 15, 25 DE;

viTar m o v i d o d a da m o e a x l a saxlsa mas, C.

mi-slv-a: leqsikonTa mixedviT `siaruliT miwevna sacnaurad

adgiladmde, идти, приходить~ (92). mislva zmna saiqeTo mimarTulebis

moZraobas gamoxatavs, rasac miuTiTebs zmniswini mi-. mislva zmnas, romelic

mwkrivis dominanturi erTeulia, berZnulSi Seesatyviseba `misvla,

mosvla; wasvla, gadevneba; daaxloeba, ukan midevneba; gamgzavreba...~ (145;

127).

mi-axl-eb-a qarTveluri *xal-/xl- Ziridan momdinareobs. qarTul xal-

formas kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli xol- da laz. xol-. ismis

sakiTxi xal-/xl- formis svanuri m-a-x-e (<<axali>>) formasTan mimarTebis

Sesaxeb (161, 94), miT umetes, rom x- qarTulSiac iCens Tavs _ Semo-m-e-x-o

<<momiaxlovda>>; e-x-o-s <<axlos iyos>>~ (65). miaxleba iqeT, III pirTan

`miaxlovebas, axlos misvlas~ niSnavs (92; 33), rasac berZnulSi gadmoscems

zmna `miaxloeba, miyvana; daaxloeba~ (145; 127).

moslva//miaxleba//moaxleba zmnebi sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT

dasturdeba l. 15, 25 magaliTSi. sadac wyvilTagan meore wevri

miaxleba//moaxleba meti konkretulobiT gamoirCeva, radgan igi gulisxmobs

subieqtis garkveul punqtTan àxlos misvlas, miaxloebas~.

mislva _ wiaRslva:

Sevides navsa da m i v i d o d e s wiaR zRuasa mas kafarnaumd, i. 6,

17 DE;

Sesxdes navsa, w i a R v i d o d e s zRuasa mas kaparnaumd kerZo, C.

112

wiaR-slva: zmniswini wiaR- ixmareba wyalze gadasvlis aRsaniSnavad.

wyali SeiZleba iyos mdinare, tba, zRva. a. SaniZem am zmniswinis genezisi

warmoadgina Semdegnairad: wiaR<wi-aR<wylis-aR (iseve, rogorc

wisqvili<wylis fqvili (81, 237).

wiaRslva zmna ganimarteba, rogorc `gadaslva, переходить~ (92); `ganvla,

gadalaxva~ (6); `wyalze gadasvla~ (33). maSasadame, wiaR- zmniswinis darTviT

slva zmnis mniSvnelobaSi damatebiTi semantika Semodis, romelic, rogorc

aRiniSna, `wylis gadalaxvas~ ukavSirdeba. wiaRslvas berZnulSi efardeba

zmna `gadasvla; gadayvana...~ (145; 127).

mislva _ mitontmaneba:

vidre me m i v i d o d i, sxuani uwinarÀs Cemsa STaÃdian da

ganikurnian, i. 5, 7 DE;

vidre me m i v t o n t m a n e b d i, sxuaÁ Cemsa uadres SdaÃdis, C.

mi-tontman-eb-a niSnavs `Znelad siaruls, tortmans~ (6); `mitortmanebas,

barbaciT misvlas~ (33). iv. imnaiSvilis ganmartebiT, mivtontmanebdi zmniT

ùfro konkretulad aris gadmocemuli movlenis arsi: marTlac im kacis

siaruls, romelic 38 wlis ganmavlobaSi iyo avad, `mivtontmanebdi~

(dRevandeli mivtortmandebi) ufro Seefereba, vidre `mividodi~ (30, 192).

mitontmanebas berZnulSi miemarTeba zemodasaxelebuli zmna .

mislva _ migual:

m i v e d da uCuene Tavi Seni mRdelsa, mr. 1, 44 DE;

m i g u a l e da uCuene Tavi Seni mRdelsa, C.

mi-gual: `misvla~ (6); `midi~ (33). guale zmna mxolod brZanebiTi kilos

formiT ixmareba, rac aRniSnul magaliTSi (mr. 1, 44) II pirisadmi mimarTvas

gamoxatavs.

miaxleba _ Sexeba _ mixeba:

arasada m i e a x l n i a n huriani samaritelTa, i. 4, 9 C;

ara S e e x n i a n huriani samaritelTa, DE.

sada-igi mparavi ara m i e x e b i s, l. 12, 33 DEC.

113

mi-x-eb-a//Se-x-eb-a formebi berZnulSi gadmoicema zmniT

`miaxloeba, misvla, SeerTeba...~ (122); àxlos misvla, anu mitana xelisa,

прикасаться, коснуться~ (92); `Sexeba, xelis miyofa~ (6; 33). mixeba//Sexeba zmnuri

formebi imdenad axlos misvlas aRniSnavs, rom uSualod obieqtTan

fizikur Sexebas gulisxmobs.

maSasadame, moxmobili sinonimuri rigis dominanturi erTeuli mislva

zmna semantikuri da stilisturi TvalsazrisiT neitraluri leqsemaa,

romelic ar Seicavs raime damatebiT semantikur niSans, garda saiqeTo

orientaciisa, xolo misi mewyvile zmnebi Semdegi diferencialuri

komponentebiT emijnebian mas: miaxleba//moaxleba erTeulebi aRniSnaven

garkveul punqtTan fizikurad àxlos misvlas, miaxlovebas~; wiaRslva

zmna `wyalze gadasvlas~ niSnavs, sadac wiaR- zmniswini damatebiT

semantikas sZens slva zmnis mniSvnelobas; mitontmaneba garkveul punqtamde

Zliv-ZliobiT, `barbaciT, tortmaniT~ misvlas warmoadgens; miguale zmna

brZanebiTi kilos formaa, rac subieqtis garkveul adgilamde misvlis

moTxovnas gulisxmobs; mixeba//Sexeba zmnebi ki subieqtis obieqtTan

misvlas da imavdroulad fizikurad Sexebas aRniSnaven.

aRmoslva _ aRslva _ aRmoÃdoma _ aRmoceneba _ aRmovlineba _

aRmobrwyineba _ aRguale

moxmobili sinonimuri zmnebis ZiriTadi semantikuri niSania subieqtis

fizikurad gadaadgileba `qvevidan zeviT~. mwkrivis dominanta wevria

aRmoslva zmna, romelic Tavisuflad enacvleba konteqstebSi sinonimuri

rigis nebismier wevrs, xolo misi mewyvile erTeulebi sxvadasxva

diferencialuri niSnebiT emijnebian mas.

aRmoslva _ aRslva:

a R m o v i d i a n mamaÁ da dedaÁ misi, l. 2, 41 DE;

a R v i d i a n mSobelni misni, C.

ganTiad, viTar a R m o v i d [o] d a qalaqad, S[e]emSia m. 21, 18 C.

aRmo-slv-a//aR-slv-a formebi or mniSvnelobas Seicaven: 1. `qvevidam

zeviT kerZo Zrva, amoslva, восходить, всходить~ (92); 2. àRmoceneba~ (6). aR-

114

//aRmo- zmniswinebi miuTiTeben moZraobas, gadaadgilebas qvevidan zeviT (92;

138, $ 102; 81, 248; 71). aRniSnuli zmniswinebi saaqeTo orientacias

gamoxataven, oRond aR-is gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi moubari piri im mxares

aris, saidanac moqmedeba iwyeba, aRmo-s gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi ki im mxares,

saiTkenac moqmedeba miemarTeba (26, 181). aRmoslva//aRslva leqsemebs

berZnulSi Seesatyviseba àmosvla; aRmoceneba...~ (145; 127).

aRmoslva _ aRmoÃdoma _ aRmoceneba:

raJams a R m o v i d o d a wylisa misgan, m. 3, 16 DE;

a R m o Ã d a mier wyliT, C.

sxuaÁ davarda queyanasa keTilsa da mohscemda nayofsa, a R m o v i-

d o d a da aRorZndeboda, mr. 4, 8 DE;

sxuaÁ davarda queyanasa keTilsa da gamoscis nayofi a R m o c e n e-

b u l i da aRorZinebuli, C.

odes daeTesis, a R m o Ã d i s da iqmnis igi ufroÁs yovelTa

mxalTa, mr. 4, 32 DE;

raJams daeTesis, a R m o s c e n d i s da iqmnis igi ufroÁs

yovelTa mxalTa, C.

Tesli keTili davsTeseT agaraksa Sensa? vinaÁ a R m o s c e n d a

RuarZli, m. 13, 27 DE.

aRmo-Ãd-om-a leqsemac or mniSvnelobas Seicavs: 1. àmosvla, amoxdoma~;

2. àRmoceneba~ (92; 6; 33). aRmoÃdoma orive mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba oTxTavSi.

ixmareba, rogorc zemoT mimarTuli moZraobis aRsaniSnavad, kerZod,

`wylidan amosvlis~ (m. 3, 16) mniSvnelobiT, ise mcenaris àRmocenebis~ (mr. 4,

32) mniSvnelobiTac, romelTa fardia berZnulSi zmna àmosvla;

aRmoceneba...~ (145; 127).

aRmo-cen-eb-a saerToqarTveluri *cen- Ziris mqone leqsemaa. qarTul

cen- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megr. Can- laz. Can- da svan. Sen-.

Sesatyvisobebi vlindeba aRniSnul ZirTa semantikaSic, romlis

mniSvnelobac `gazrdas; nayofis gamoRebas~ ukavSirdeba (65). aRmoceneba

ganimarteba, rogorc àmosvla~ (53); `miwiT aRorZineba mcenareTa,

115

произрастать, прозябать~ (92); àmosvla, amoyvana, amodineba~ (6). aRmocenebas

berZnulSi miesadageba leqsema `gamozda, gazrda; amosvla,

amodineba~ (145; 127).

aRmoÃdoma _ aRmobrwyineba:

viTarca mzÀ a R m o h Ã d a da dahscxa, mr. 4, 6 DE;

a R m o b r w y i n e b a s a mzisasa dascxa mas, C.

aRmo-brwy-in-eb-a qarTveluri *berwy-/brwy- saxeluri Ziridan

momdinareobs. igi ukavSirdeba `naperwkal~ formas (65). aRmobrwyineba

sawyisis formiT enacvleba amoÃdoma zmnas, rac dasaxelebul magaliTSi

(mr. 4, 6) `mzis amosvlas~ aRniSnavs, romlis fardia berZnulSi

zemoaRniSnuli leqsema

aRguale:

megobaro, a R - r e - g u a l e zemo kerZo, l. 14, 10 DEC.

aR-gual-e: guale ganimarteba, rogorc ìare, Cqara svla~ (53);

`mdabiurad gole (zmna ese ixmarebis mxolod brZanebiTad), iare, wamodi,

warved...~ (92). aRguale brZanebiTi kilos forma ki miemarTeba meore pirs,

rac misamarTi piris zemoT asvlis Sesrulebas moiTxovs (33). mas

Seesatyviseba berZnulSi `zemoT amosvla~ (145; 127).

zemoganxilul sinonimur zmnaTa ZiriTadi semantikuri mniSvnelobaa

`qvevidan zeviT gadaadgileba~, romelsac Seicavs rigis dominanturi

erTeuli aRmoslva, xolo mwkrivSi Semavali calkeuli wevrebi Semdegi

azrobrivi niuansebiT ganirCevian ZiriTadi zmnisagan: aRmoÃdoma ixmareba,

rogorc zemoT mimarTuli moZraobis aRsaniSnavad, kerZod `wylidan

amosvlis~ mniSvnelobiT, ise mcenaris àRmocenebis~ mniSvnelobiTac;

aRmoceneba zmnis semantika mxolod mcenaris miwidan àmozrdas, amosvlas~

ukavSirdeba; aRmobrwyineba mzis amosvlas aRniSnavs; aRguale zmna ki

brZanebiTi kilos formaa, rac subieqturi piris `zemoT asvlis~ aucilebel

Sesrulebas gulisxmobs.

gamoslva _ gamoÃdoma _ gamobutkova _ gamoquan

gamoslva _ gamoÃdoma:

116

g a m o v i d e s igini naviT, mr. 5, 2 DE;

g a m o Ã d a igi mier naviT, C.

gamo-slv-a zmna sinonimuri rigis mTavari wevria, rac Signidan gareT

mimarTul moZraobas aRniSnavs. leqsikonTa mixedviT ki igi ganimarteba,

rogorc `qveyniT, gina saxliT gamocla datevebiT~ (53); `Signidam gareT

ganslva~ (92). gamo- zmniswini swored Signidan gareT, 1 pirisaken moZraobis

mimarTulebas gamoxatavs (26, 215-242).

gamo-Ãd-om-a zmna moxmobil magaliTSi (mr. 5, 2) navidan `gadmosvlis~

mniSvnelobas gadmoscems.

gamoslva _ gamobutkova:

raJams rtoni misni daCCÂan, da furceli g a m o v a l n, m. 24, 32

DE;

raJams rtoni misni daCCian, da furceli g a m o b u t k o i n, C.

gamo-butk-ov-a qarTveluri *butk- Ziris Semcveli leqsemaa. `lazuri

butk- Ziri kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba qarTul butk- Zirs~, romelTa

semantika ukavSirdeba `foTols; futkars~ (65). butk- saxeluri Ziridan

miRebuli gamobutkova zmna ganimarteba Semdegnairad: èse igi ars

daiyvavilos ra, xili gamoCinebul iqmnas~ (53); `gamokvirtva, kvirtis gaSla~

(6); `CirTis, kvirtis gamoReba~ (33).

gamoslva _ gamoquan:

raJams rtoni misni daCCÂan, da g a m o v a l n furceli, mr. 13, 28

DE;

raJams rtoni misni molbian, da g a m o a q u n furceli, C.

gamo-quan: `gamotana, gamoReba~ (6); `gamoaqvs xolme~ (33). gamoaqun zmna

moqmedebis mravalgzisobas gamoxatavs, rac moxmobil konteqstSi (mr. 13, 28)

mravali `furclis~ anu foTlis gamosvlas aRniSnavs. sinonimuri zmnebi

gamoslva//gamobutkova//gamoquna berZnulSi gadmoicema leqsemiT

àRmo-ceneba; gazrda, gamozrda (foTlisa)~ (145; 127).

maSasadame, sinonimuri rigis zmnaTa dominanti wevri gamoslva

Signidan gareT mimarTul moZraobas aRniSnavs. am semantikas Seicavs

117

mwkrivis yvela erTeuli. ZiriTadi niSnis gverdiT calkeul wevrTa

mniSvnelobaSi ikveTeba agreTve damatebiTi diferencialuri niSnebic:

gamoÃdoma navidan `gadmosvlas~ aRniSnavs; gamobutkova zmnis mniSvneloba

mcenaris gamosvlas, `kvirtis gamoRebas~ ukavSirdeba; gamoquan ki

moqmedebis mravalgzisobas gamoxatavs da mcenaris mravalgzis

gamofoTvlas gulisxmobs.

moyvaneba _ warmodgineba _ mogura _ morTuma _ mopyroba _

moReba _ mobma

moxmobil sinonimur zmnaTa ZiriTad semantikur niSans warmoadgens

obieqtis fizikurad gadaadgileba garkveuli subieqtis mimarTulebiT.

obieqti SeiZleba iyos adamiani an cxoveli, romlis moZraoba saaqeTo

orientaciisaa da Sesabamisad mo- zmniswini miuTiTebs aRniSnul

mimarTulebas. sinonimuri rigis dominanturi erTeulia moyvaneba zmna,

romelic Tavisuflad enacvleba konteqstebSi mwkrivis nebismier wevrs.

moyvaneba _ warmodgineba _ mogura:

m o i y v a n e T, w a r m o a d g i n e T Cem winaSe kaci ese

viTarca ganmdrekeli erisaÁ magis, l. 23, 14 C;

m o m g u a r e T me kaci ese, viTarca gardamaqceveli erisaÁ, DE.

mo-yv-an-eb-a leqsikonTa mixedviT ganimarteba, rogorc `cxo(v)elT

morTma, Tan moidevnos~ (53); `moyvana, motana~ (6). moyvaneba zmna moxmobil

sinonimur rigSi ZiriTadad sulieri obieqtis, adamianis `moyvanas~

aRniSnavs, romlis fardia berZnulSi leqsemebi `moyvana;

mogvra...~ (127).

warmo-dg-in-eb-a: warmo- zmniswini gadmoscems daxril sibrtyeze

Ziridan zeviT, `Cvens simaRlemde~ moZraobas (26, 121). warmodgineba zmna

ganimarteba, rogorc `winaSe dadgineba, представлять...~ (92). moyvana//

warmodgineba l. 23, 14-Si sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT dasturdeba,

sadac moyvana zogadad sulieri obieqtis, kerZod, adamianis `moyvanas~

aRniSnavs, xolo warmodgineba kauzatiuri formaa, sadac subieqturi piri

moqmedebs pirdapir obieqtze sxvisi davalebiT. al. oniani kauzativs

118

aigivebs SualobiT kontaqtTan. mkvlevari miuTiTebs, rom `mniSvneloba ar

aqvs -in da -evin sufiqsebiT gamoxatul kategorias kontaqts vuwodebT,

kauzativs, Tu orive maTgans mivaniWebT sinonimur terminTa statuss~ (50,

142). moxmobil magaliTSi (l. 23, 14) warmoadgineT zmniT ufro konkretulad

aris gadmocemuli moqmedeba. igi niSnavs obieqtis moyvanas, da imavdroulad

`win dayenebas~. sinonimuri wyvili moyvaneba//warmodgineba berZnulSi

gadmoicema erTi zmniT

mo-gur-a saerToqarTveluri *gGar- Ziridan momdinareobs. `qarTul

guar-/gur- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megr. gor- da svan. gGr-~ (65).

*gGar- Ziris amosavali semantikuri viTareba daculia svanurSi. mogura

leqsikonTa mixedviT ganimarteba, rogorc `moyvana~ (53); `moyGana erTisa,

anu mravalTa, da 3 pirisadmi iTqmis migGra, aramed mravalTaTGis sakuTrad

ars mosxma, приводить, приносить~ (92). mogura, rogorc aRiniSna, erTis

`moyvanasac~ gulisxmobs da mravlisac. Cveni masalis mixedviT mogura zmna

orive mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba.

moyvaneba _ morTuma:

m o h y v a n d e s misa yovelni sneulni da eSmakeulni, mr. 1, 32 DE;

m o a r T u m i d e s mas yovelsa sneulebsa da eSmakeulebsa, C.

ix. agreTve: mr. 9, 19; 9, 20.

mo-rTu-m-a: ùaRresTa moscemdes~ (53); `miReba, motana me-3 pirisadmi,

приносить~ (92; 6). morTuma zmnas berZnulSi efardeba `gamoyvana

(gareT); morTmeva...~ (145; 127). morTuma zmna dasaxelebul magaliTebSi sxvisi

daxmarebiT mravali avadmyofis me-3 pirTan moyvanas gulisxmobs.

moyvaneba _ moReba:

m o i y v a n e s igi golgoTisa adgilsa, mr. 15, 22 DE;

m o i R e s igi golgoTasa, adgilsa, C.

mo-R-eb-a ramdenime mniSvnelobas Seicavs: 1. àReba, miReba~; 2. `miReba,

gamorTmeva~; 3. `motana, moyvana (ob. mx.-Si)~; 4. `mixma, mixda, warTmeva~ (92; 33).

moReba zmna moxmobil konteqstSi me-3 mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba, rac erTi

119

pirovnebis _ qristes golgoTaze moyvanas aRniSnavs. morTuma//moReba

sinonimur wyvils berZnulSi efardeba zmna `motana, moyvana~ (127).

morTuma _ mogura _ moReba:

m o a r T u m i d e s mas yrmebsa, mr. 10, 13 C;

m o h g u r i d e s mas yrmebsa, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 9, 32; 12, 22; 17, 16; 19, 13; mr. 8, 22; mr. 10, 13.

m o a r T u a Tavi misi lanklasa zeda, mr. 6, 28 C;

m o i R o Tavi misi feSxueniTa, DE.


mo-rTu-m-a: ùaRresTa moscemdes~ (53); `miReba, motana me-3 pirisadmi,

приносить~ (92; 6). morTumas berZnulSi efardeba zmna `moyvana,

morTmeva; msxverplis moyvana~ (145; 127). morTuma zmnaSi xazgasmulia am

sinonimis dadebiTi stilisturi funqcia, radgan igi pativsacem

pirovnebasTan raimes `mokrZalebiT~ motanas an moyvanas gulisxmobs.

mobma:

m o i b T zuaraki igi msuqani, l. 15, 23 DEC;

mobma: `mobmaa Ãbo anu zuaraki dakodili moiyvanos~ (53); `moyvana

(Tokmobmulisa)~ (33). mobma zmnaSi gamaxvilebulia yuradReba im

ìnstrumentze~, saganze anu Tokze, rac gankuTvnilia moqmedebis

Sesasruleblad. swored es niuansi aniWebs mobma zmnis mniSvnelobas

gansxvavebul elfers (119, 408; 108, 242).

aRslva _ Seslva _ aRÃdoma _ aRmaRleba _ Seyvaneba aR-slv-a _ Se-sl-v-a:

munquesve aÁZula mowafeTa TÂsTa a R s l v a d navsa, mr. 6, 45 C;

meyseulad awuevda mowafeTa S e s l v a d navsa, DE.

aR-slv-a//Se-slv-a: aR- da Se- zmniswinebi qarTveluri enebisaTvis

saerToa. kerZod, qarTul aR-/a zmniswins Seesatyviseba megruli o- da

lazuri o-. qarTul Se- zmniswinis kanonzomieri Sesatyvisi ki aris

lazurSi Sqa- (Sq-/Ska-<Sqa) (54). zmniswini aR- àRniSnavs mimarTulebas

qvevidan zeviT~ (143, 81; 71; 26), xolo Se- zmniswinis ZiriTadi funqciaa

garedan SigniT mimarTulebis Cveneba (92, 81). Se- Tavisuflad monacvleobs

120

agreTve aR- zmniswinTan. aRslvad//Seslvad sinonimuri sawyisebi moxmobil

konteqstSi (mr. 6, 45) aRniSnaven navSi Casxdomis process. i. veSapiZis

aRniSvniT, `Cans, navSi Casxdoma miCneuli iyo, rogorc qvevidan zeviT

mimarTuli moZraoba~ (26). aRslva//Seslva formebs berZnulSi efardeba

leqsema àsvla, Sesvla~ (145; 127).

aR-slv-a _ aR-Ãd-om-a:

viTar a R v i d o d a igi navsa, evedreboda mas, mr. 5, 18 C;

viTarca a R Ã d a iesu navsa, evedreboda mas, DE.

aR-Ãd-om-a: leqsikonTa mixedviT niSnavs `maRla Sesvla, maRla Sevla~

(54); `maRla aslva~ (6; 33). aRslva//aRÃdoma sinonimuri wyvili moxmobil

konteqstSi (mr. 5, 18) navze asvlis Sinaarss gadmoscemen, rasac akonkretebs

maTi berZnuli Sesatyvisi zmna `Sesvla; gemze Sesvla~ (145; 127).

aR-slv-a _ aR-maRl-eb-a:

viTarca a R v i d e s angelozni igi zecad, l. 2, 15 DE;

viTar a R i m a R l e s maTgan angelozTa maT cad, C.

aR-maRl-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc `maRla asvla~ (53); `maRla aweva, anu

aslva // dResaswauli Semdgomad paseqisa meormocesa dResa mosaxsenebelad

xorciTa zecad aRslÂsa qristesisa~ (92); `maRlad qceva; aRdgena; aReba,

arfxvra; gaamayeba; cad asvla (qristesi)~ (6). aRmaRleba moxmobil

konteqstSi angelozTa zecaSi asvlas niSnavs, rasac berZnulSi gadmoscems

leqsema àmaRleba; Sesvla~ (145; 127).

aR-slv-a _ Se-yvan-eb-a:

unda a R s l v a Á misi navsa mas, i. 6, 21 C;

unda maT, raÁTamca S e i y v a n e s igi navsa mas, DE.

Se-yvan-eb-a leqsikonTa mixedviT niSnavs: `miSueba Seslvad sadme

suldgmulTa~ (92; `Seyvana, Setana~ (6; 33). Seyvaneba moxmobil magaliTSi (i.

6, 21) sxvisi daxmarebiT navze Sesvlas da masSi Casxdomas aRniSnavs,

romelic berZnulSi gadmoicema zmniT `Setana, Seyvana~ (145; 127).

121

ganslva _ warslva _ mislva _ gamoslva _ ganÃd-a _ gamoÃda _

gamoÃdoma _ ganvla _ dateveba _ cvaleba

gan-slv-a _ war-slv-a:

aw g a n v e d i T gansavalTa zeda gzaTasa, m. 22, 9 C;

w a r v e d i T meboZirebsa gzaTasa, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 20, 1; 6; 21, 75; mr. 2, 12; 13; 11, 19; l. 4, 41; 10, 35; 17, 29.

gan-slv-a _ mi-slv-a:

g a n v i d e T Cuen vidre beTlemadmde, m. 2, 15 DE;

m i v i d e T beTlemadmde, C.

gan-slv-a leqsikonTa mixedviT niSnavs: `gar waslva~ (53); `gareT

gamoslva, anu gaRma ganslva~ (92). ganslvas berZnulSi efardeba zmna

`wasvla, gamgzavreba, gadaadgileba; gadasvla...~ (145; 127).

war-slv-a//mi-slv-a iseTive mniSvnelobis mqonea, rogorc ganslva.

oRond mcire gansxvavebas mainc avlenen war- da mi- zmniswinebi. warslva

gulisxmobs `wasvlas, ganSorebas saidame~ (92; 6), romlis fardia berZnulSi

zmna `siaruli, wasvla...~ (145; 127). mislva ki daniSnulebis

adgilamde misvlas, anu n. CubinaSvilis ganmartebis mixedviT, `siaruliT

miwevnas sacnaurad adgiladmde~ (92), romelsac miemarTeba berZnulSi zmna

`misvla~ (145; 127).

gan-slv-a _ gamo-slv-a:

g a n v i d e n angelozni da ganarCinen ukeTurni marTalTagan, m. 13,

49 C;

g a m o v i d e n angelozni da ganaSornen ukeTurni igi, DE.

gamo-slv-a: gan-//gamo- zmniswinebi Signidan gareT mimarTulebas

aRniSnaven, magram TavianTi xangrZlivi arsebobis manZilze maT zogi sxva

funqciac Camouyalibda (167, 215-242). gamoslva ganimarteba, rogorc `qveyniT,

gina saxliT gamocla datevebiT (53); `Signidam gareT ganslva~ (92);

`gamosvla, amosvla~ (6). maSasadame, sinonimuri erTeulebi

ganslva//gamoslva `gareT waslva, gareT gamosvlas~ aRniSnaven, mxolod

gamoslva `gareT gasvlas~ niSnavs im adgilis saerTod datovebiT, saidanac

122

xdeba gadaadgileba. gamoslva berZnulSi gadmoicema zemodasaxelebuli

zmniT .

gan-slv-a _ gan-Ãd-a:

suli ege arawmidaÁ, g a n v e d kacisa magisgan, mr. 5, 8 DE;

g a n Ã e d, sulo arawmidao, magis kacisagan, C.

gan-slv-a _ gamo-Ãd-a:

g a n s r u l ars eSmaki asulisagan Senisa, mr. 7, 29 DE;

g a m o Ã d a eSmaki igi asulisagan Senisa, C.

g a n v i d a sulebi igi arawmidaÁ kacisa misgan, mr. 5, 13 DE;

g a m o Ã d a sulebi igi arawmidebi, C.

gan-Ãd-a//gamoÃd-a niSnavs, rogorc `wasvlas, gamosvlas~, agreTve

`gaZevebas, gagdeba~ (53; 92; 6; 33). ganÃdas berZnulSi miemarTeba zmna

`gaZeveba, gagdeba; misvla...~ (139; 122). gamoÃdas ki Seesatyviseba

leqsemebi, `gamosvla, wasvla; gamgzavreba; gadasvla...~ (145).

n. mari gamoTqvamda mosazrebas, rom `Ãed-/Ãd- fuZis mqone formebi

gacilebiT ufro arqaulia, vidre val//ved//vid-isa, romelic TiTqmis

Tanamedrove qarTulis formebs gvagonebso (143, 173) iv. imnaiSvilis

miTiTebiT ki, èrTsa da imave ZeglSi Tanabrad aris warmodgenili

orivenairi formebi~ (29, 202).

gan-slv-a _ da-tev-eb-a:

coli Tu g a n v i d e s qmrisagan da SeerTos sxuasa, mr. 10, 12 DE;

mamakacman Tu d a u t e o s coli TÂsi da col-eyos sxuaÁ, DE.

da-tev-eb-a zmnis mniSvnelobebia `gaSveba~ (53); `gagdeba, gaSveba, xelis

aReba, Tavis danebeba, ganSoreba~ (92). dateveba moxmobil magaliTSi (mr. 10,

22) colis gaSvebas niSnavs, romelsac berZnulSi miesadageba leqsema

`gaSveba~ (145; 127).

gan-slv-a _ cval-eb-a:

g a n v i d e s igi amier sofliT da mivides mamisa, i. 13, 1 DE;

i c v a l o s amier sofliT mamisa, C.

123

cval-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc: `gamocvla~ (53); `gamocGla sxvarigad,

anu sxva frad~ (92); `Secvla, gadanacvleba~ (6). cvaleba moxmobil

konteqstSi (i. 13, 1) niSnavs am soflidan imier sofelSi `gadanacvlebas~,

anu `sikvdils~12. igi berZnulSi gadmoicema `meore mxares

gasvla, gadasvla; gadasaxleba...~ (145; 127) leqsemebiT.

gan-slv-a _ gan-vl-a:

TÂT Sensaca sulsa g a n v i d e s maxÂli, l. 2, 35 DE;

Sensa Tavsa g a n v l o s maxÂlman, C.

gan-vl-a: `warvla, Tana warslva, Tanawarxdoma~ (92). ganvla

dasaxelebul magaliTSi (l. 2, 25) `gulisxmobs jer garedan SigniT

moZraobas, Semdeg ki maSinve Signidan gareT gasvlas, gacilebas~ (26, 12). am

SemTxvevaSi sinonimuri wyvili ganslva//ganvla romelTac berZnulSi

gadmoscems leqsikuri erTeulebi `gamsWolad gasvla~

(145; 127), raimeSi gavlis, kerZod, sxeulSi maxvilis gavlis Sinaarss

gadmoscems.

miqceva _ moqceva _ warslva _ ukuncema _ gareukunqceva _ ukunqceva _

ukunmoqceva _ ukundgoma _ ukumomarT slva _ marTlukun slva

mi-qc-ev-a _ mo-qc-ev-a _ war-slv-a:

m i i q c a munve da adidebda RmerTsa, l. 17, 15 C;

m o i q c a da ÃmiTa didiTa adidebda RmerTsa, DE.

ix. agreTve: l. 2, 39; 45; 9, 10; 24, 23; 52.

m i i q c a saxid TÂsa, l. 1, 56, C;

w a r v i d a saxid TÂsa, DE.

mi-qc-ev-a _ ukun-cema:

m i a q c i a oc da aTi igi vecxli mRdelT moZRuarTa maT, m. 27, 3

DE;

u k u n s c a vecxli igi mRdelT moZRuarTa C.

12 cvaleba zmnas Cven kidev davubrundebiT qvemoT `sicocxlis Sewyvetis

semantikis~ mqone zmnur sinonimTa ganxilvisas.

124

mi-qc-ev-a leqsikonTa mixedviT ganimarteba, rogorc `mibrun(v)eba~ (54);

`mibruneba, ukan micema~ (92); `mibruneba, mixra, mimxroba~ (6); `mibruneba,

dabruneba~ (33). miqceva zmna ori mniSvnelobiT ixmareba oTxTavis teqstSi:

1. subieqtis fizikurad gadaadgilebas, saxlSi `mibrunebas~ gamoxatavs,

rasac adasturebs warslva zmna (l. 1. 56) xolo me-2 SemTxvevaSi igi niSnavs

`dabrunebas~, anu fulis ùkan micemas~ (26), rasac ukuncema zmna gamoxatavs.

mo-qc-ev-a ganimarTeba, rogorc `gamobruneba~ (54); `moqceva, mobruneba;

SeerTeba sarwmunoebisadmi~ (33; 6); `mobruneba~ (92). miaqcia//moaqcia

formebSi moubari piri zmnas pirianobiT ar ukavSirdeba, amitom miaqcia

zmnis xmarebisas igi sawyisi piziciidan uyurebs moZraobis dinamikas, xolo

moaqcia zmnis xmarebisas sasruli, anu im poziciidan, sadac TviTon

imyofeba.

ukumo-qc-ev-a _ mo-qc-ev-a:

romeli iyos... velsa gare, nu u k u m o i q c e v i n kualad, l. 17,

31 DE;

romeli iyos velsa gare, nu m o i q c e v i n kualad, C.

ukumo-qc-ev-a _ ukun-qc-ev-a:

romeli velsa gare iyos, nu u k u m o i q c e v i n, m. 24, 18 C;

romeli velsa gare iyos, nu u k u n i q c e v i n, DE.

ukun-qc-ev-a//ukumo-qc-ev-a: zmniswinebi ukun-//ukumo- ori ZiriTadi

mniSvnelobiT ixmarebian. 1. aRniSnaven ukana areSi moqmedebas, 2. gadmoscemen

ukan dabrunebis Sinaarss (81, $ 311). ukunqceva//ukumoqceva moxmobil

konteqstebSi niSnavs `gamobrunebas~ (54); ùkan gabrunebas, ukan mibrunebas~

(92; 6; 33).

ukun-qc-ev-a _ ukun-dg-om-a:

mravalni mowafeTa misTaganni u k u n i q c e s, i. 6, 66 DE;

mravalni mowafeTa misTaganni u k u n d g e s, C.

ukun-dg-om-a: `gandgoma, ganSoreba, anu Ralati~ (92); `daxeva ukan,

gabruneba~ (6); `gandgoma, gacileba, ukan gabruneba~ (33). ukundgoma zmna

125

dasaxelebul konteqstSi (i. 6, 66) `gandgomas, Ralats~ aRniSnavs, rasac

berZnulSi efardeba zemodasaxelebuli leqsemebi.

ukun-qc-ev-a _ ukumomarT slva:

u k u n i q c e s gare da daecnes queyanasa, i. 18, 6 DE;

u k u m o m a r T v i d o d e s da daecnes queyanasa, C.

ukun-qce-ev-a _ marTl ukun slva:

u k u n i q e c Cemgan, eSmako, mr. 8, 33 C;

w a r v e d m a r T l u k u n Cemgan, eSmako, DE.

ukumomarT slva//marTlukun slva: ukumomarT//marTlukun formebi

Seicaven mniSvnelobebs ùkan, ukniT~ (6); ùkan, Cem momarT~ (33). maSasadame,

sinonimuri Sesityvebebi ukumomarT slva//marTlukun slva gamoxataven ukan

gadaadgilebiT moZraobas moubari piris poziciisaken. berZnulSi ki maT

SeesatyvisebaT zmna `mobruneba...~ (145; 127).

Sedgoma _ midevneba _ modevneba _ Tana-slva _ Seyofa

Se-dg-om-a _ mi-devn-eb-a _ mo-devn-eb-a:

S e u d g e s simon-petre da sxuaÁ igi mowafÀ, i. 18, 15 C;

m i h s d e v d a iesus simon-petre da sxuaÁ igi mowafÀ, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 20, 29; 20, 34; 27, 55; mr. 1, 18; 2, 14; 10, 34; i. 1, 37; 1, 38;

1, 40; 6, 2; 10,4; 10,5.

romeli S e m o m i d g e s me, ara vidodis bnelsa, i. 8, 12 DE;

romeli m o m d e v d e s me, bnelsa ara vidodis, C.

Se-dg-om-a//Semo-dg-om-a ganimarteba Semdegnairad: `midevneba~ (54); `Tan-

midevneba~ (92); `gayola, miyola~ (6); `miyola, midevneba~ (33). Sedgoma//

Semodgoma sinonimur zmnebs berZnulSi miemarTeba leqsikuri erTeuli

ùkan, Semdeg svla~ (127).

mi-devn-eb-a//mo-devn-eb-a aris igive `Sedgoma~ (92); `gayola~ (6); `miyola,

wayola~ (33). es zmnebi `Cqara~ siarulis, moZraobis niuanss Seicaven.

Se-dg-om-a _ Tana slva:

saxeliTa SeniTa eSmakTa ganasxmida, romeli Cuen ara S e g Â d g e s,

mr. 9, 38 DE;

126

saxeliTa SeniTa eSmakTa ganhÃdida, romel Cuen T a n a ara v a l s,

C.

Tana slva niSnavs èrTad svlas~ (6). berZnulSi ukan slvas miemarTeba

leqsema `gayola, midevneba~ (145; 127).

Se-dg-om-a _ Se-y-of-a:

S e u d g a erTsa moqalaqesa mis soflisasa, l. 15, 15 DE;

S e e y o erTsa moqalaqeTagansa, C.

Se-y-of-a ganimarteba, rogorc: `SeerTeba, midgma, Seziareba, Sewyoba~ (6;

33). am zmniT gadmocemulia jer SeerTebis da Semdeg moZraobis, gadaadgile-

bis mniSvneloba, rasac akonkretebs kidec misi berZnuli Sesatyvisi

`SeerTeba, mWidrod Tanasvla~ (127).

ganÃda _ gangdeba _ gamogdeba _ ganZeba _ gansxma _ ganvlineba _

ganyeneba _ ganbneva _ ganTxeva _ gandeba

gan-Ãd-a _ gan-sx-m-a:

me belzebuliTa g a n v h Ã d i eSmakTa, m. 12, 27 C;

me belzebuliTa g a n v a s x a m eSmakTa, DE.

suliTa RmrTisaÁTa g a n v h Ã d i me eSmakTa, m. 12, 28 C;

suliTa RmrTisaÁTa g a n v a s x a m eSmakTa, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 12, 24; 12, 26; mr. 1, 34; 1, 39; 3, 22; 3, 23; 6, 13; i. 16, 2.

ganÃda: leqsikonTa mixedviT èse ars ganZeba gare, gina mdinareTa da

ÃevTa ganvla, gina hambavTa da sityvaTa gansmena, gina samoselTa ganZrcva

da eseviTarni~ (53); `gare ganZeba, gangdeba~ (92); `gaZeveba, gaxda~ (6);

`gagdeba, gaZeveba; gansvla, ganTqma, gavrceleba (ambisa)~ (33). maSasadame,

ganÃda leqsema polisemiuria, misi ZiriTadi mniSvnelobaa `gaZeveba,

gagdeba~. swored `gaZevebis~ mniSvnelobiT aerTianebs igi misi sinonimuri

rigis yvela zmnas. dasaxelebuli sinonimuri rigis zmnebSi ganÃdas

berZnulSi efardeba `gagdeba, gaZeveba, gaSveba~ (145; 127).

gan-sx-m-a ricxvSi monacvle zmnaa da mravlis `gandevnas, gaZevebas~ (6);

`gayras~ (33) niSnavs.

127

gan-Ãd-a _ gan-gd-eb-a _ gamo-gd-eb-a:

SeukreniT magisi ferÃni da Ãelni da g a n Ã a d e T ege bnelsa, m.

22, 13 C;

SeukreniT magas Ãelni da ferÃni da g a n a g d e T ege bnelsa, DE.

g a n a g d e s igi gare sayurZensa mas, mr, 12, 8 C;

g a m o a g d e s igi mier savenaÃiT, DE.

gan-Ãd-a _ gan-Z-eb-a:

esma iesus, viTarmed g a n Ã a d e s igi gare, i. 9, 35 C;

esma raÁ iesus, rameTu g a n a Z e s igi gare, DE.

rad Cuen ver uZleT mas g a n Ã d a d, mr. 9, 28 C;

raÁsaTÂs Cuen ver SeuZleT mas g a n Z e b a d, DE.

gan-gd-eb-a: `gangdeba ars ra usulo ganiSoro, xolo ganZeba, ra

sulieri ganiSoro~ (53); `ganZeba, ganxveba~ (92); `mitoveba, gacla, gaZeveba~

(33).

gan-Z-eb-a: `ganZeba cxovelTaTvis iTqmis, raÁTa ganidevnos, xolo

usuloTaTvis gangdeba~ (53); `gandevna, ganxveba, gagdeba~ (92); `gaZeveba,

gagdeba~ (6; 33).

ganZeba//gangdeba zmnebs Soris imgvari gansxvaveba ar dasturdeba Cvens

masalaSi, rogorc saba ganmartavs, radgan orive SemTvevaSi sulieri

arsebis gagdeba igulisxmeba. gansxvaveba maT Soris, mxolod isaa, rom

gagdeba fizikuri zemoqmedebis Sedegad `moSoreba, gagdebas~ aRniSnavs,

xolo ganZeba iZulebis gziT obieqtis `mocilebas, gaZevebis~ niuanss

Seicavs.

gan-Ãd-a _ gan-yen-eb-a:

viTarca g a n Ã a d a eSmaki igi, ityoda marTl yruÁ, m. 9, 33; DE;

viTar g a n e y e n a eSmaki igi, ityoda yruÁ igi, C.

gan-yen-eb-a polisemiuri leqsemaa, romelic ganimarteba Semdegnairad:

`gadgineba kacTa, gina wyalSi raÁc gahqna areviT, gina Tovlma(n) da

xorgman Seiyenos ra(Á)me~ (53); `ganyra, gayra~ (92); `gacla; gandgoma;

128

gandevna~ (6). ganÃda//ganyeneba sinonimuri wyvili dasaxelebul magaliTSi (m.

9, 33) èSmakis gandevnas, ganSorebas~ aRniSnavs.

gan-vl-in-eb-a _ gan-bn-ev-a:

mdidarni g a n a v l i n n a cudni, l. 1, 53 C;

mdidarni g a n a b n i n a cudni, DE.

gan-vl-in-eb-a: `daTxovna, gamoyvana saxlidam~ (92); `gaSveba, gagzavna~ (6;

33). ganvlineba zmniT aRiniSneba subieqtis mier obieqtis iZulebiT

gadaadgileba gaurkveveli mimarTulebiT.

gan-bn-ev-a: am zmnis semantikac `daTxovnas, gaSvebas~ aRniSnavs, mxolod

igi sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT `gafantvas~ gulisxmobs (6; 33)

gan-bn-ev-a _ gan-Tx-ev-a:

jerkuali igi gare g a n a b n i i a n, m. 13, 48 C;

jerkuali igi gare g a n s T x i i a n, DE.

gan-Tx-ev-a ganimarteba rogorc: `gangdeba, ganZeba, galalva~ (92);

`gayra~ (33). aRniSnul magaliTSic ganTxeva zmna, iseve, rogorc gansxma

mravlis `gagdebas~ aRniSnavs.

gan-d-eb-a:

arca queyanasa, arca skoresa sargebel ars, aramed gare g a n d v a n

igi, l. 14, 35 DEC.

gan-d-eb-a niSnavs `gagdebas~ (6; 33). gandeba zmna Seicavs usulo sagnis,

obieqtis gagdebis, moSorebis semantikas.

dasaxelebuli zmnuri sinonimuri erTeulebi ganÃda//ganvlineba//

gansxma// ganZeba//gangdeba//ganyeneba//ganbneva//gandeba berZnulSi gadmoicema

leqsemiT

gare-warÃdoma _ Tana-warÃdoma _ Tanawarslva _ gare-warcodeba _

Tana-warcduneba _ warcduneba

gare-warÃdoma _ Tana-warÃdoma:

ukueTu jer-ars, raÁTamca g a r e – w a r h Ã d a mas Jami igi, mr. 14,

35 C;

ukueTu SesaZlebl ars, raÁTa T a n a – w a r m Ã d e s Jami ese, DE.

129

gare-warÃda _ Tana-warslva _ warcTuneba:

abba mamao, yoveli SesaZlebel ars Senda, g a r e – w a r m Ã a d e

m e sasumeli ese, mr. 14, 36 C;

aba mamao Cemo, yovelive SesaZlebel ars Sen mier T a n a – w a r-

s l v a d sasumeli ese Cemgan, DE.

w a r m a c T u n e me sasumeli ese Cemgan, L.

Tana-warcduneba:

T a n a – w a r i c T u n e ukeTurebaÁM ÃorcTagan SenTa, ekles, 11,

10. O.

gare-war-cod-eb-a//Tana-war-cod-eb-a: leqsikonTa mixedviT àcTenas,

aSorebas, acilebas~ (6; 33) niSnavs. adgilobiTi zmniswini gare- Seicavs

`sagnisagan daSorebis~ mniSvnelobas (143, $ 49, 102; 26, 286). war- zmniswini

miuTiTebs moqmedebis sawyis punqtze da aRniSnavs, rom moZravi sagani am

punqts Sordeba. `war- zmniswinis am Sinaarss kidev ufro aZlierebs gare-

zmniswinis mimateba~ (26, 286). k. danelias TvalsazrisiT, saqmis viTareba

sxvagvaria, am fuZeebTan Tana-s ar unda hqondes gaclis, gverdis avlis

mniSvneloba da zedmetad unda iyos darTuli berZnuli da

zmniswinTa gadmosacemad. amas amtkicebs Semdegi: svlis, moZraobis

aRmniSvnel zmnebTanac ki `Tana~ gverdis avlas ki ar gamoxatavs, rogorc

Cveulebriv fiqroben, aramed Tanaobas. Tana-warval, Tana-warvid, Tana-

warÃdoma fuZeebSi ki Tana-s ar aqvs pirveladi (Tanaobis, erTianobis)

mniSvneloba da amitom rTul fuZeebad miaCniaT aseTi zmnebi. aRniSnul

zmnebSi TiTqos gavlis nacvlad gverdis aqcevis niuansi Tana-s Sehqondes.

magram gauTvaliswinebeli rCeba is, rom berZnulSi zmnas ) erTi

zmniswini aqvs, xolo qarTulSi mis fard fuZes ori (Tana-war),

romelTagan war- warmoadgens bunebriv Sesatyviss, xolo Tana zedmetad

naxmars. amitom, aRniSnavs mkvlevari, mas mcdarad miewereba im mniSvnelobis

(gverdiT Cavlis) gadmocema, rasac uamisod s fardad xmarebuli war-

axerxebs (22, 145).

130

gare-war-Ãd-om-a niSnavs agreTve `gverdis avlas, acTenas, aSorebas,

acilebas~ (6; 33).

Tana-war-slv-a zmnac `gavlas, gverdis avlas, acTenas~ (6; 33)

aRniSnavs.

war-cT-un-eb-a àcdena, aSoreba~ (33). es zmna moTavsebulia ioanes

saxarebis bolos da Seicavs markozis saxarebis (14, 33-37) sakiTxavs. SaniZis

gamocemaSi es fragmenti L simboloTia aRniSnuli.

gare-war-m-cod-e zmnuri forma a. SaniZem Secdomad miiCnia, igi

sqolioSi Caitana da ZiriTad teqstSi garewamÃade forma Seitana (es forma

aris warmodgenili winaaTonur versiebSi, xolo giorgiseul redaqciebSi

Tanawarslvad gvaqvs). z. sarjvelaZis miTiTebiT àdiSis xelnaweris

Cvenebis Casworeba saWiro ar iyo, radganac garewarcodeba zmna aSorebis,

acdenis, daSorebis mniSvnelobiT sxvaganac dasturdeba: tÂrTisa Cuenisa

aRkidebaÁ ara garewaricodeT, ag. Zegl. I, 179, 9). teqstebSive agreTve

gvxvdeba cod zmnuri Zirisagan wamoqmnili sxva formebic~ (62, 74).

maSasadame, garewarcodeba//Tanawarcodeba//garewarÃda//Tanawarslva/war-

cTuneba sinonimuri mniSvnelobis zmnebia, romelTac berZnulSi

SeesatyvisebaT `gverdis avla, acdena, aSoreba; gasvla,

gadasvla~ (145; 127). adgilobiTi zmniswinebi Tana da gare aZliereben,

eqspresiul Zalas mateben dasaxelebul sinonimur zmnebs.

amdenad, moZraobis Sinaarsis Semcvel sinonimur zmnebs aerTianebs

subieqtis fizikurad `gadaadgilebis, svlis~ ZiriTadi semantikuri niSani,

rac maTi identifikaciis safuZvels warmoadgens. calkeul mwkrivTa

dominanturi leqsemebi moslva, mislva, aRmoslva, gamoslva, moyvaneba...

aRniSnaven mxolod subieqtis garkveuli mimarTulebiT gadaadgilebas,

xolo semantikuri da stilisturi TvalsazrisiT isini neitraluri

leqsemebia, ar arian Seferilni raime damatebiTi niSniT. calkeul mwkrivSi

Semavali zmnebi ki dominant leqsemas umeteswilad semantikuri, azrobrivi

niSnebiT emijnebian, anu isini ZiriTad mniSvnelobasTan erTad Seicaven

damatebiTi niuansuri datvirTvis mqone diferencialur niSnebs, rac maT

131

individualur xasiaTs avlens da ganarCevs rigSi Semavali sxva

leqsemebisagan.

moZraobis semantikis Semcveli sinonimuri zmnebi warmoadgenen

relatiur anu nawilobriv sinonimebs, radgan mniSvnelobaTa mTeli

moculobiT erTmaneTs ver faraven. ganxilul zmnebSi umeteswilad

semantikuri saxis sxvaoba SeiniSneba, amitom isini sinonimTa semantikur

jgufs ufro miekuTvnebian, vidre stilisturs.

4.2. mdgomareobis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi

dadgoma _ dadgroma _ dadgineba _ damtkiceba _ dayovneba _

dayofa _ lodna _ damkÂdreba _ daSToma _ dabudeba _ adgil-

pyroba _ ferÃis dapyroba

mdgomareobis Sinaarsis Semcvel zmnaTa ZiriTad semantikur niSans

warmoadgens subieqtis erT adgilze gaCerebis, `dadgomis~ mniSvneloba.

mwkrivis dominanturi erTeulia dadgoma//dadgroma zmna, romelic

Tavisuflad enacvleba sinonimuri rigis nebismier wevrs, xolo calkeuli

erTeulebi sxvadasxva diferencialuri niSnebiT ganirCevian ZiriTadi

leqsemisagan.

dadgroma _ dadgoma:

d a a d g r a mariam mis Tana sam TTue, l. 1, 56 DE;

d a d g a mariami mis Tana sam TTue, C.

ix. agreTve: l. 2, 9; i. 7, 9.

da-dgr-om-a//da-dg-om-a qarTveluri *deg-/dg- Ziridan momdinareobs.

`qarTul deg- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megr. dg- da laz. dg-~

Sesatyvisobebi vlindeba dasaxelebul ZirTa semantikaSic, romelTa

ZiriTadi mniSvnelobaa `dadgoma, gaCereba~ (65). amave Zirs ukavSirdeba

Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi gavrcelebuli formebi, romlebic `dabrmavebas~

gamoxataven (61, 89). Tumca `dabrmavebis~ mniSvnelobiT dadgoma zmna

oTxTavis teqstSi ar dasturdeba. da- zmniswini miuTiTebs moZraobis

mimarTulebas zevidan qveviT. samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli

132

mosazrebiT da-s mniSvneloba momdinareobs miwis aRmniSvneli dab- Zirisagan

(81, 268).

da-dgr-om-a//da-dg-om-a leqsikonTa mixedviT ganimarteba, rogorc

`ra(i)ca cxoveli slvisagan davardes, gina savanesa da funduksa kacman

daisadguros, gina nadiri slvisagan daecados; ze dgoma~ (53); `geba,

daSToma; fexiT Sedgoma romelsame adgilsa zeda, стать. // TGalis dadgoma,

dabrmaveba, xedvis mokleba~ (92); `Sedgoma, gaCereba~ (6); `darCena, dadgoma~

(33).

dadgroma//dadgoma leqsikur formebs berZnulSi Seesatyviseba

leqsemebi àdgilze gaCereba, darCena; dalodeba...~ (145; 127).

dadgoma _ damtkiceba:

yoveli qalaqi anu saxli, ganyofili Tavsa zeda TÂssa, ver

d a d g e s, m. 12, 25 C;

yoveli qalaqi gina saxli, romeli ganevTis Tavsa TÂssa, ver d a e m -

t k i c i s, DE.

ix. agreTve: mr. 3, 24; 3, 25; 3, 26.

da-m-tkic-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc `damagreba~ (53); `mtkiced dadgineba,

утверждать...~ (92); `damyareba, gamagreba~ (6); damtkiceba leqsemas efardeba

berZnulSi zmnuri erTeulebi `dadgoma, myarad yofna;

mtkiced dadgoma~ (145; 127).

dadgroma _ dayovneba:

mis Tana d a a d g r e s mas dReTa Sina, i. 1, 39 DE;

mis Tana d a i y o v n e s mas dResa, C.


da-yov-n-eb-a qarTveluri *yoG- Ziris Semcveli leqsemaa, romlis

mniSvnelobaa `dacda, dayovneba~ (65); `dagvianeba~ (53); `SeCereba, dawynareba~

(6). dayovneba moxmobil konteqstebSi mcire droiT `SeCerebis, dacdis~

niuanss Seicavs.

dadgroma _ dayofa:

Sevida d a d g r o m a d maT Tana, l. 24, 29 DE;

133

Sevida d a y o f a d maT Tana, C.

da-y-of-a: `myofobis qmna; xanT dazma~ (54); `dadgroma sadme, mocda an

dagvianeba~ (92); `yofna, rComa, dgoma~ (6); `(drois) gatareba~ (33). dayofa

zmna gaurkveveli xniT erT adgilze drois gatarebas aRniSnavs, romlis

fardia berZnulSi `dayofa, drois gatareba...~ (127).

dadgroma _ lodna:

d a a d g e r i T aqa da iRÂZebdiT mr. 14, 34 DE;

e l o d e T aqa da iRÂZebdiT, C.

lod-n-a: `mocda rame momav(a)lisa~ (53); `mocda, molodeba, чаять, ждать~

(92); `lodini~ (6). maSasadame, lodna zmna raimes molodinSi erT adgilze

gaCerebis mniSvnelobas gadmoscems.

dadgroma _ damkÂdreba:

monaÁ arasada d a a d g r e s saxlsa Sina ukunisadmde, i. 8, 35 DE;

monaman ara d a i m k Â d r i s ukunisadmde saxlsa Sina, C.

ix. agreTve: i. 8, 35; 14, 16; 5, 38; 6, 56.

da-mkÂdr-eb-a: `saniadagod dapyroba, saniadagod dasaxleba~ (53; 92);

`dasaxleba, dapatroneba~ (6). damkÂdreba zmnaSi gamokveTilia erT adgilze

samudamod dadgomis, `dasaxlebis~ semantikuri niuansi.

dadgroma _ daSToma:

yovelsa romelsa hrwmenes Cemi, bnelsa Sina ara d a a d g r e s, i.

12, 46 DE;

yovelsa romelsa vhrwmene, bnelsa Sina ara d a S T e s, C.

da-ST-om-a: `darComa~ (53); ìgive TÂTvnebiTad, оставаться~ (92); `darComa,

darCena~ (6; 33). maSasadame, daSToma sakuTari nebiT darCenas aRniSnavs.

dadgroma _ damkÂdreba _ dabudeba:

d a d g r o m a d rtoTa misTa, m. 13, 32 C.

d a i b u d i a n rtoTa misTa, DE;

mfrinvelTa cisaTa d a i m k Â d r e s rtoTa misTa, l. 13, 19 C;

mfrinvelTa cisaTa d a i b u d e s rtoTa misTa, DE.

134

da-bud-eb-a zmna nasaxelaria, romelic miRebulia bud- Zirisagan. am

Ziris semantika `budis, saTavsis, kalapotis~ mniSvnelobebs ukavSirdeba (65).

dabudeba zmna moxmobil konteqstebSi frinvelTa mier TavianTi saTavsis,

budis xis totze gakeTebas da masSi dabinavebas, `damkvidrebas~ aRniSnavs

(6). dabudeba leqsemis fardia berZnulSi `dabudeba~ (145; 127).

dadgroma _ adgil-pyroba:

d a - R a - a d g r a adgilsa mas, sadaca iyo, or dRe, i. 11, 6 DE;

a d g i l - i p y r a mun, sada iyo, or dRe, C.

adgil-pyroba SedgenilobiT rTuli zmnaa. misi pirveli komponenti

adgili niSnavs, `sadgurs, samyofs, dasadgomels~ (53). mTliani zmna adgil-

pyroba ki gulisxmobs raime sadgurSi, samyofSi `Sedgomas, SeCerebas~ (6),

drois ramdenime xniT gatarebas.

amdenad, ganxiluli sinonimuri rigis zmnaTa dominantur leqsemas

warmoadgens dadgoma//dadgroma. misi ZiriTadi mniSvneloba aris erT

adgilze `dadgoma, gaCereba~. am semantikas Seicavs dadgroma zmnis mewyvile

yvela leqsema, romelTac ZiriTad mniSvnelobasTan erTad erTvis

damatebiTi diferencialuri komponentebi. damtkiceba `myarad, mtkiced~

dadgomas aRniSnavs; dayovneba mcire droiT `SeCerebas, dacdas~

warmoadgens; dayofa gaurkveveli xniT erT adgilze `drois gatarebas~

gulisxmobs; lodna raimes molodinSi dacdis mniSvnelobas Seicavs;

damkÂdreba erT adgilze `saniadagod~ anu samudamod dasaxlebas aRniSnavs;

daSToma `TÂTvnebiTad~, anu sakuTari nebiT darCenas usvams xazs; dabudeba

frinvelTa mier TavianTi saTavsis, budis xis totze gakeTebas da masSi

dabinavebas gulisxmobs; adgil-pyroba ki raime samyofSi mcire xniT

`SeCerebas~ aRniSnavs.

4.3. sityvis tabu da sinonimia. sicocxlis Sewyvetis semantikis mqone

sinonimuri zmnebi.

sinonimTa warmoqmnis meqanizms sxva wyaroebTan erTad sityvis tabu da

misi evfemiurad monacvle leqsika warmoadgens (49, XLIII-L; 90, 174; 105, 74-87).

sinonimiis warmoqmna frazeologiuri CanacvlebiTac xdeba (129, 21-38),

135

radgan enis leqsikur sistemas qmnian sityvebi da frazeologiuri

erTeulebi. frazeologizmebi, rogorc myari Sesityvebebi SeiZleba

daukavSirdes romelime sityvas, an sityvaTa erTobliobas da sinonimuri

rigis wevri gaxdes (13, 75; 129, 29-30). sicocxlis Sewyvetis semantikis mqone

sinonimur sityvebSi tabuirebulia sityva sikudili, xolo misi fardi

sinonimuri odenobebi umeteswilad am leqsemis evfemiurad monacvle

erTeulebi da frazeologiuri Sesityvebebia, romlebic Serbilebulad

gadmoscemen im grZnobas, rac adamianis sulisa da xorcis gayris Sinaarss

ukavSirdeba.

moklva _ mokudineba _ mokudoma _ sikudili _ mowyueda _ mosrva _

warwymeda _ aRsruleba _ gardacvaleba _ Sesueneba _ sulis aRmobera _

sulis ganteveba _ sulis aRmoteveba _ amier sofliT cvaleba _ amier

sofliT ganslva _ sulis warwymeda _ sulis ganÃueba _ sulis warÃda

moklva _ mokudineba:

yoveli krebuli erisaÁ eZiebdes cru mowameTa iesuÁsTÂs, raÁTamca

m o k l e s igi, m. 26, 59 DE;

eZiebdes crus wamebasa iesusTÂs, raÁTamca m o a k u d i n e s igi, C.

ix. agreTve: m. 27, 1; mr. 9, 31.

si-kud-il-i//mo-kl-v-a//mo-kud-in-eb-a qarTveluri *kGed-/kGd- Ziridan

momdinareobs. qarTul kued-/kd- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba svan.

kGad- `wayvana, dakargva sikvdilis gamo~, kGed- `danaklisi~; es-kud-is

`Semcirdes~ (65). sikudilis amosavali semantika swored svanurSi dacul

`daklebas, Semcirebas~ ukavSirdeba.

sikudili ganimarteba Semdegnairad: `mdgomareoba, romelic iwyeba

miwieri cxovrebis dasasruls~ (114, 915); `sulisa da Ãorcis gayra~ (54);

`dasruleba sicocxlisa, ganSoreba sulisa xorcTagan, смерть~ (92).

sikudili//mokudineba berZnulSi gadmoicema sityvebiT

`sikvdili, moklva, mokvdineba, micvaleba~ (145; 127).

moklva _ mowyueda _ mosrva:

sulsa ver Ãel-ewifebis m o k l v a d, m. 10, 28 DE;

136

sulTa TquenTa ver SemZlebel iyvnen m o w y u e d a d, C.


sxuaTa maT Seipyres monani igi da m o s r n e s, m. 22, 6 C;

sxuaTa Seipyrnes monani igi misni, agines da m o w y Â d n e s, DE.

mo-sr-v-a//mo-wyued-a ricxvSi monacvle zmnebia, romlebic fizikuri

zemoqmedebis Sedegad mravlis mokvlas, anu àmowyvetas, daxocvas~

aRniSnaven (53; 92; 6; 33). sinonimuri wyvili mosrva//mowyueda berZnulSi

gadmoicema zmniT `mokvla, ganadgureba~ (145; 127).

mokudoma _ aRsruleba:

asuli Cemi aw-Ra esera m o k u d a, m. 9, 18 C;

asuli Cemi aw-Ra a R e s r u l a, DE.


aR-srul-eb-a ganimarteba rogorc `bolos gaTaveba~ (53); `gaTaveba,

исполнять. // axdena, сбываться. // gardacvaleba, умереть~ (92); `gardacvaleba,

mospoba~ (6); `Sesruleba, dasruleba; gaTaveba, sikvdili~ (33). maSasadame,

aRsruleba leqsemis ZiriTadi mniSvnelobaa `gaTaveba, Sesruleba,

dasruleba~, xolo `gardacvaleba~ meoreulia. amdenad, igi sikudilis

evfemiuri monacvlea. berZnulSi aRsruleba gadmocemulia aseve evfemiuri

sityviT `sikvdili; damTavreba, dasruleba~ (145; 127).

sikudili _ gardacvaleba:

g a r d a i c v a l o s igi s i k u d i l i s a g a n cxorebad, i.

5, 24 DEC.

umjobes ars kacisa erTisa s i k u d i l i erisaTÂs, i. 18, 14 DEC.

garda-cval-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc `Secvla, adgilmonacvleoba~ (6).

dasaxelebul magaliTSi (i. 5, 24) gardacvaleba sikvdilis gamo adgilis

gadanacvlebas niSnavs. berZnulSi gardacvalebas gadmoscems leqsema

`wasvla, datoveba; gadasvla, gadaadgileba; mokvdoma~ (145; 127).

Sesueneba:

mravalni guamni (Ãorcni, C) S e s u e n e b u l T a wmidaTani

aRdges, m. 27, 52 DE.

137

Se-suen-eb-a saerToqarTveluri *su- Ziridan momdinareobs. qarTul su-

en- formas Seesatyviseba megr. Sv-and-, laz. Sv-an-/Sv-aj- da svanuri SG-em-

fuZeebi. Sesatyvisobebi vlindeba maT semantikaSic, romelTa amosavali

mniSvneloba ukavSirdeba `mosvenebas, dasvenebas~ (65). Sesueneba ganimarteba,

rogorc `drois micema mosasveneblad daRalulisa, дать кому отдых, покой. //

pativiT Setana sadme wmidaTa xatTa da misTanaTa. // mosveneba, dasveneba,

отдыхать, успокоиваться. // gardacGaleba, умирать, почить~ (92); `gardacvaleba,

aRsruleba~ (6; 33).

mosrva _ warwymeda:

movides da m o s r n e s queyanis moqmedni, mr. 12, 9 DE;

movides da w a r w y m i d n e s moqmedni igi mis venaÃisani, C.

war-wymed-a ganimarteba, rogorc `dakargva~ (54); àRspoba, anu gamoxveba

netarebisagan~ (92); `dakargva, gamoleva, cToma~ (6); `dakargva, daRupva~ (33).

leqsikonTa mixedviT, warwymedis ZiriTadi mniSvnelobaa `dakargva~, xolo

`daRupva~ anu igive `sikvdili~ meoreulia. warwymedas efardeba berZnulSi

`datoveba, darCena; dakargva...~ (145; 127).

sulis aRmobera _ sulis ganteveba _ sulis aRmoteveba:

iesu aRuteva ÃmaÁ da a R m o b e r a s u l i, mr. 15, 37 C;

iesu Ãma-yo ÃmiTa didiTa da g a n u t e v a s u l i, DE.

iesu kualad RaRad-yo ÃmiTa didiTa da g a n u t e v a s u l i, m.

27, 50 DE;

iesu Ãma-yo ÃmiTa didiTa da a R m o u t e v a s u l i, C.

ix. agreTve: mr. 15, 39; l. 23, 46; i. 19, 30.

sulis aRmobera//sulis ganteveba//sulis aRmoteveba evfemiurad

monacvle frazeologizmebia sikudilisa13. animalisturi warmodgenis

13 mecnierTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imis Taobaze, Tu sad unda iqnes

ganxiluli am saxis mimarTebani: leqsikur sinonimiaSi Tu frazeologiur

sinonimiaSi. c. kikviZes al. neimanis `qarTul sinonimTa leqsikonis~ naklad miaCnia

sityva sinonimebis gverdiT frazeologizmebis warmodgena, xolo n. dugarovi amas

138

mixedviT, yovel sxeulSi Casaxlebulia suli, romelic mas sicocxles

aniWebs. adamiani manam aris cocxali, sanam suli udgas. suli, sxeulisagan

gansxvavebiT, aramaterialuri, TavisTavadi, ukvdavi ram aris da sikvdilis,

sxeulTan gayris Semdegac ganagrZobs arsebobas imqveyniur samyaroSi (72,

600; 3, 80) es Sexeduleba asaxulia sikvdilis evfemiurad monacvle

SesityvebebSi: suli aRmobera//suli ganuteva// suli aRmouteva. aRmobera

niSnavs àmoSvebas~ (6), xolo ganteveba `gaSvebas~ (53; 92; 6). dasaxelebul

sinonimur odenobebs aRmobera suli//ganuteva suli berZnulSi

erTeulebi gadmoscemen, romelTa

mniSvnelobaa `sikvdili, gardacvaleba...~ (145; 127). maSasadame, aRniSnuli

sinonimuri Sesityvebebi sakuTriv qarTuli Sedgenilobis arian, radgan maT

berZnulSi erTi leqsikuri erTeuli miemarTeba.

sulis aRmoteveba: amoteveba leqsikonTa mixedviT niSnavs àmoSvebas~.

sulis amoSveba ki sikvdilTan aris gaigivebuli (33). sinonimuri wyvili

aRmouteva suli//ganuteva suli m. 27, 50-Si berZnul teqstSic Sesabamisi

SesityvebiT aris gadmocemuli, rac niSnavs `sulis

amoSvebas _ sikvdils~ (145; 127).

amier sofliT cvaleba _ amier sofliT ganslva:

uwyoda iesu, rameTu mowevnul ars Jami misi, raÁTa i c v a l o s

a m i e r s o f l i T mamisa, i. 13, 1 C;

icoda iesu, rameTu moiwia Jami misi, raÁTa g a n v i d e s igi

a m i e r s o f l i T da mivides mamisa, DE.

amier sofliT cvaleba//amier sofliT ganslva: es frazeologizmebi

gulisxmoben am soflidan, am qveynidan im sofelSi anu saiqioSi

`gadanacvlebas, mislvas~, rac sikvdilTan gaigivdeba.

sulis warwymeda _ sulis ganÃueba:

SraÁ sargebel ars kacisa ukueTu SeiZinos sofeli yoveli da s u l

i TÂsi w a r i w y m i d o s, mr. 8, 36 DE;

savsebiT kanonzomierad miiCnevs da frazeologizmebis CanacvlebiT warmodgenil

sinonimebs leqsikur sinonimiaSi ganixilavs (129, 29-30).

139

raÁ-me sargebel ars kacisa, Se-Tu-iZinos sofeli yoveli da

g a n e Ã u a s s u l i TÂsi, C.

sulis warwymeda//sulis ganÃueba: sinonimuri zmnebi warwymeda da

ganÃueba aRniSnaven `dakargvas, daRupvas, daklebas, waRebas~ (53; 92; 6; 33),

xolo evfemiuri Sesityvebebi sulis warwymeda//sulis ganÃueba sikudilis

Sesatyvis frazeologizmebad moiazrebian.

sulis warÃda:

moadges mas huriani da etyodes: vidremde s u l T a CuenTa

w a r g u Ã d i ? ukueTu Sen xar qriste, gÂTxar Cuen gancxadebulad, i.

10, 24 DEC.

sulis warÃdoma ganimarteba, rogorc `sulis amosvla, sulis

amoxdoma~ (92; 33). am Sesityvebas Sesabamis berZnul TargmanSic esadageba

frazeologizmi `mokvla, gangmirva~ (145; 127).

mTels bibliaSi gatarebulia is azri, rom codva da sikvdili

erTmaneTTan arian kavSirSi. `sikvdili aris nawili im sasjelisa, rac

adams ewia RvTisadmi daumorCileblobis gamo. roca qriste jvarze mokvda,

man Tavis Tavze itvirTa adamianur codvaTa yvela Sedegi, Tavisi aRdgomiT

ki sikvdili sZlia~ (12, 151). Tavad sikudilis monacvle dasaxelebuli

frazeologizmebis mniSvneloba komponentebis mTlianobas ki ar udris,

aramed misi Semadgeneli nawilebis pirdapir mniSvnelobaTa jamis mTliani

metaforuli gadaazrebiT miiReba (13, 74). maSasadame, zemoaRniSnuli

sinonimuri frazeologizmebi semantikurad dauSleli komponentebia,

romlebic qmnian erT mTlian gagebas da leqsema `sikudilis~ eqvivalentebs

warmoadgenen.

4.4. SiSis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi

SiSis semantikis Semcvel zmnaTa dominantur erTeulebs warmoadgenen

Sin- Zirisagan miRebuli SeSineba//Sineba formebi, romlebic semantikuri da

stilisturi TvalsazrisiT neitraluri leqsemebia. isini Tavisuflad

enacvlebian rigSi Semaval nebismier wevrs, xolo maT mewyvile zmnebSi

eqspresiuli niSnis mateba SeiniSneba.

140

SeSineba _ SeZrwuneba _ Zrwola _ damedgreba _ aRtydoma

SeSineba _ SeZrwuneba:

xolo maT S e e S i n a, i. 6, 19 DE;

S e Z r w u n d e s didad, C.

xolo dedakacsa mas S e e S i n a da Z r w o d a, mr. 5, 33 DE;

xolo dedakaci igi S e S i n d a da Z r w o d a, C.

xolo igini S e Z r w u n d e s da S e S i n e b u l iyvnes, l.

24, 37 DE.


Se-Sin-eb-a//Sin-eb-a: SiSi ganimarteba, rogorc `mwuxareba momavlisagan,

anu moaxlebulisa Zviris SemTxvevisa, страх. // morCileba, ridis qoneba~ (92).

Sineba//SeSineba ki leqsikonTa mixedviT niSnavs `SiSis micemas, aSinebdes~

(54); `SiSisagan gankrTomas~ (92), romelTac miemarTeba berZnulSi zmna

`SeSineba; SiSisagan gaqceva~ (145; 127).

Se-Zrwun-eb-a//Zrw-ol-a: `SiSiT aTrToleba~ (54); `SiSiT SeSfoTeba,

kankali, TrTola, потрясать, устрашать~ (92); àcaxcaxeba; SekrToma~ (6);

`SeSineba; Sewuxeba~ (33). SeZrwuneba//Zrwuneba leqsikur erTeulebs

berZnulSi Seesatyviseba zmnebi `SeSineba, SiSi; gakvirveba, gaoceba,

aRelveba~ da `caxcaxi, kankali; SiSisagan akankaleba~ (145; 127).

Sineba//Zrwola sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT gvxvdeba mr. 5, 33-sa da l.

24, 37-Si, sadac SeZrwuneba meti eqspresiulobiT, `caxcaxiT~ gamoxatavs

SiSis gancdas.

SeZrwuneba _ SiSi _ damedgreba:

nu S e Z r w u n d e b i n guli Tqueni, nuca e S i n i n, i. 14, 27

DE;

nu S e Z r w u n d e b i e d gulni Tquenni, da nuca d a h m e d-

g r d e b i T, C.

da-me-dgr-eb-a zmna berZnulSi gadmoicema leqsemiT `SeSineba~

(145; 127). moxmobil konteqstebSi saxarebis mTargmneli iyenebs sinonimTa

substituciur monacvleobas, riTac Tavidan icilebs erTi da imave sityvis

141

uxerxul gameorebas. SeZrwuneba//damedgreba eqspresiuli Sinaarsis

Semcveli zmnebia. SeZrwuneba, rogorc aRiniSna, `caxcaxiT~ gamoxatavs

SiSis gancdas, xolo damedgreba SiSisagan uZravad gaCerebas, gaqvavebas

gulisxmobs.

SeZrwuneba _ aRtydoma:

raJams gesmodian brZolani da hambavi brZolaTani nu S e h s Z r w u n-

d e b i T, mr. 13, 7 DE;

raJams gesmodis Tquen brZolaM da ÃmaM wyobisaÁ, nu a R t y d e b i T,

C.

aR-tyd-om-a SiSisagan ànTebas, SeSfoTebas~ gulisxmobs, romlis

Sesatyvi-sia berZnulSi zmna

dakÂreba _ gankÂreba _ kÂreba _ Secbuneba _ dasuleba _

gankrToma _ Sineba

dakÂreba _ kÂreba _Secbuneba:

yovelman erman ixiles igi da d a u k Â r d a da mirbiodes misa, mr.

9, 15 DE;

yovelman man erman ixila, S e c b u n d e s da mirbiodes, C.

d a u k Â r d e b o d a sityuaTa maT misTa zeda madlisaTa, l. 4, 22

DE;

u k Â r d a sityuaTa maT misTa zeda madlisaTa, C.

da-kÂr-eb-a//gan-kÂr-eb-a//kÂr-eb-a saerToqarTveluri *kGir- Ziridan

momdinareobs. `qarTul kuir- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli

kvir-, lazuri kvir- da svanuri kGir-~, romelTa semantikac `gakvirvebas;

yuradRebis miqcevas; dakvirebas~ ukavSirdeba (65).

da-kÂr-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc `didxan damzera~ (53); `didad

gancÂfreba, удивляться. // dastereba, grZlad sinjva, всматриваться~ (92);

`gaoceba, gonis dakargva, gaStereba, gasuleleba, SeSineba~ (6); `gakvirveba~

(33). dakÂrebas miemarTeba berZnulSi zmna `gakvirveba, gaoceba,

gancvifreba, gaStereba...~ (145; 127).

142

Se-cb-un-eb-a: `gaSterebasaviT~ (54); `gakvirveba~ (33). maSasadame,

Secbuneba zmna SiSisagan gaSterebas niSnavs.

dakÂreba _ gankÂreba _ dasuleba:

mowafeTa d a u k Â r d e b o d a sityuasa amas zeda, mr. 10, 24 DE;

mowafeni igi misni d a s u l e b u l iyvnes sityuasa mas, C.

ixiles igi da g a n u k Â r d a, l. 2, 48 DE;

xedved mas da d a s u l b i a n, C

da-sul-eb-a//Se-sul-eb-ul: leqsikonTa ganmartebiT `daCumeba~ (53);

`gaoceba, gaStereba, gonis dakargva~ (6); `SeSfoTeba, dabneda~ (33). amdenad,

dasuleba//Sesulebul leqsikuri formebi SiSisagan `gonis dakargvas~, xmis

Cavardnas, anu `dadumebas~ aRniSnaven.

gan-kÂr-eb-a//kÂr-eb-a: leqsikonTa mixedviT aris `SiSi didi(sa)

ocnebisagan~ (53); àRtacebiTi grZnoba uCveulosa risme xilÂsa, anu

saocrebisagan, удивлять, изумлять, дивиться~ (92); `gaoceba, gaStereba, gaSeSeba~

(6). gankÂreba//kÂreba leqsikur erTeulebs efardeba zmna

`gakvirveba, gaoceba, gancvifreba~ (145; 127).

dakÂreba _ gankrToma _Sineba:

ixiles Wabuki erTi, mjdomare marjueniT kerZo, romel mosil iyo

samosliTa spetakiTa, da d a u k Â r d a, mr. 16, 5, C;

ixiles Wabuki mjdomarÀ marjueniT kerZo, Semosili samosliTa

spetakiTa da g a n h k r T e s, DE.

xolo man hrqua maT: nu g a n h k r T e b i T, mr. 16, 6 DE;

man hrqua maT: nu g e S i n i n, C.

gan-krT-om-a qarTveluri *kerT-/krT- Ziris mqone leqsikuri erTeulia.

`qarTul krT- Ziris kanonzomieri Sesatyvisebia megruli kuT- da lazuri

kuT-~ (65). gankrToma niSnavs `SeSinebas; anazdi mcire SiSs~ (53); ànazdad

gakÂrvebas da SiSs~ (92). maSasadame, gankrToma moulodneli gakvirvebiT

gamowveul SiSs niSnavs, romelsac berZnulSi Seesatyviseba leqsema

`SiSisgan gaSeSeba~ (145; 127).

143

amdenad, SeSineba//Sineba erTeulebs sinonimuri rigis wevrebi

ZiriTadad eqspresiuli niSniT emijnebian. amitom, SiSis semantikis jgufSi

Semavali leqsemebi sinonimTa stilistur tips ufro miekuTvnebian, vidre

semantikurs.

4.5. cemis semantikis aRmniSvneli sinonimuri zmnebi

cema _ tanjva _ guema _ reka _ ÃÂrTiT cema _ SoltiT cema _

qviT cema _ qviT datÂnva

cema _ tanjva _ guema:

xolo moqmedTa maT h s c e s da t a n j e s da waravlines igi

calieri, l. 20, 10 DEC.

mas Jamsa miiyvana iesu pilate da g u e m a igi, i. 19, 1 C;

maSin miiyvana pilate iesu da t a n j a igi, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 8, 29; 10, 17; 20, 19; 23, 34; mr. 12, 5; 13, 9.

c-em-a qarTveluri *c- Ziridan momdinareobs. `qarTul c- Zirs

Seesatyviseba megruli C- da lazuri C-~, romelTa semantika `dartymis;

micemis; kbenis; dajaxebis~ mniSvnelobebs Seicavs (65). cema zmna leqsikonTa

mixedviT Semdegnairad ganimarteba: àrgniT cema; saboZvris boZeba~ (54);

`(vcem) odesca niSnavs gvemasa, maSina ara romelTame droTa Sina miiRebs

zeddarTulTa, бить, ударять~ (92). cema zemodasaxelebul sinonimur rigSi

mxolod `dartymis~ semantikas Seicavs, romelsac efardeba berZnulSi zmna

`rtymeva, cema~ (145; 127).

tanj-v-a nasesxebia skr. formidan tanč (4, 377), romelic ganimarteba,

rogorc ùwyalo(d) gvema~ (54); `guema, wvaleba, wameba, мучить, бить~ (92);

`gvema, cema; dasja~ (6; 33). rogorc aRiniSna, tanjva cemis mniSvnelobas

Seicavs, oRond Zlieri anu ùwyalod~ cemis niuanss gadmoscems. tanjvas

miemarTeba berZnulSi zmna `magrad cema, gamaTraxeba, gaSoltva~

(145; 127).

zmnuri erTeulebi cema//tanjva sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT

dasturdeba l. 20, 10-Si. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi paralelizmis iseT saxesTan

gvaqvs saqme, rodesac sinonimuri wyvilis pirveli wevri sakuTriv qarTuli

144

warmoSobis mqone erTeulia, xolo meore ki nasesxebi, ucxo enis

kuTvnileba (97, 692- 695). sagulisxmoa, agreTve dasaxelebul wyvilTa Soris

semantikuri gansxvaveba. tajva meti eqspresiulobiT gamoirCeva, igi

Seubraleblad fizikur zemoqmedebas gulisxmobs, xolo cema neitraluri

stilisturi niSniT xasiaTdeba.

guem-a qarTveluri *guem- Ziridan momdinareobs. qarTul guem- guemas,

Seesatyviseba megruli gam- gamu-a `cema~ (65). guema zmnas berZnulSi

efardeba leqsemebi `tanjva, wameba...~ da `cema, kanis

gadayvelfa, gadatyaveba, gadaZroba~ (145; 127). maSasadame, guema kanis

gadaZrobamde cemas gulisxmobs.

guema _ SoltiT cema:

maSin miuteva maT baraba, xolo iesu g u e m a da misca maT raÁTa

juars-acuan, m. 27, 26 C;

maSin miuteva maT barabaÁ, xolo iesus S o l t i T a h s c a da

misca maT, raÁTa juars-ecuas, DE.

SoltiT cema: es Sesityveba ixmareba agreTve dartymis aRsaniSnavad (m.

27, 26) sadac yuradReba gamaxvilebulia moqmedebis insrtumentze, Soltze

anu riTac sruldeba moqmedeba. SoltiT cema Sesityvebas berZnulSi

efardeba zmna `gamaTraxeba, gaSoltva~ (145; 127).

ÃÂrTiT cema _ reka:

iwyes vieTme nerwyuvad pirsa missa da Ã Â r T i T a c e m a d misa,

mr. 14, 65 DE;

dahburian pirsa missa, h r e k e d mas da etyÂed, C.

ÃÂrTiT cema//rek-a: reka aris `dakakuneba; moreka nadirTa; sareklis

krva~ (54; 92); `kakuni~ (6). maSasadame, reka zmna imgvar moqmedebas aRniSnavs,

roca fizikuri zemoqmedebis anu cemis Sedegad gamoicema `raxunis,

kakunis~ xma. ÃÂrTiT cema ki niSnavs `mjiRiT~ anu muStiT cemas. (54) reka

zmnaSi aqcenti gakeTebulia moqmedebis instrumentis dartymiT gamocemul

Tanmxleb xmaze. ÃÂrTiT cema//reka leqsemebis fardia berZnulSi zmna

`joxis cema; muStiT cema...~ (127).

145

qviT cema _ qviT datÂnva:

RaRadebn da q v i T a i c e m n Tavsa TÂssa, mr. 5, 5 DE;

RaRadebn da q v i T a d a i t Â n v i n, C.

qviT cema//qviT datÂnva: `Tavis gaWyleta~ (6); `qvis TavSi cema, qviT

Tavis gatexa~ (33). sinonimuri Sesityvebebi qviT cema//qviT datÂnva

berZnulSi gadmoicema erTi leqsemiT `dartyma, cema, dartymis

miyeneba~ (145; 127). dasaxelebul sinonimur wyvilSic ikveTeba is

insrtumenti, riTac sruldeba moqmedeba rogorc amas budagovi miuTiTebs

(129, 408).

4.6. daZaxebis, xmobis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi

wodeba _ mowodeba _ miwodeba _ mowesa _ Cineba _ rquma _ xada _

moxada _ Sexada _ Ãmoba _ Ãmis-yofa _ RaRadeba _ RaRad-yofa _

yivili

wod-eb-a _ Cin-eb-a:

ara moved w o d e b a d marTalTa, aramed codvilTa sinanulad, m.

2, 17 DE;

ara mosrul var C i n e b a d marTalTa, aramed codvilTa, C.

wod-eb-a _ rqu-m-a:

amisaTÂs e w o d a agaraksa mas, agaraki sisxlisaÁ, m. 27, 8 DE;

amisaTÂs e r q u a agaraksa mas agarak sisxlis, C.

saxlsa Cemsa saxl Tavyanis-sacemel e w o d o s, mr. 11, 17 C;

saxlsa Cemsa saxl salocvel e r q u a s, DE.

ix. agreTve: i. 15, 15;

mo-wod-eb-a _ mo-xad-a:

warvediT meboZirebsa gzaTasa da raodennica hpovneT, m o u w o d e T

qorwilsa amas, m. 22, 9 DE;

aw ganvediT gansavalTa zeda gzaTasa da ravdenica hpooT, m o x a-

d e T qorwilsa amas, C.

ix. agreTve: m. 11, 16; i. 4. 16; 9, 24; 11, 8.

146

mi-wod-eb-a _ Se-xad-a _ mi-xad-a:

Sevida meored taZarTa maT pilate, m i u w o d a iesus, i. 18, 33 C;

Sevida pilate kualad taZrad da S e h x a d a mun iesus, DE.

m i h x a d e s iesus da mowafeTa misTa qorwilsa mas, i. 2, 2 DEC.

mo-wod-eb-a _ Ãm-ob-a:

vidre filipes Ã m o w o d e b a d m d e Senda, rameTu iyav leRusa

mas queSe, gixile Sen, i. 1, 48 C;

vidre filipesa U m o b a d m d e Senda, iyav raÁ leRusa queSe,

gixile Sen, DE.

mo-wes-a:

romelni m o u w e s e d moyuasTa maTTa, l. 7, 39 CD;

romelni m o u w e n d moyuasTa maTTa, E.

Ãm-ob-a _ RaRad-eb-a:

romel Ã m o b d a taZarsa mas Sina, m. 21, 15 C;

romel R a R a d e b d a taZarsa mas Sina, DE.

Ãm-ob-a _ RaRad-yofa:

Ã m o b d e s ÃmiTa didiTa: Semiwyalen Cuen, iesu, m. 20, 30 DE;

R a R a t – y v e s da Tques: Semiwyalen Cuen, iesu C.

meyseulad Ã m a – y o mamaman mis yrmisaman, mr. 9, 24 DE;

munquesve R a R a t – y o mamaman mis yrmisaman, C.

Ãm-ob-a _ xad-a:

romelTame Tana mdgomareTa viTar esma, ityodes, aha elias u Ã m o b s,

mr. 15, 35 C;

romelTame mun mdgomareTa esma da ityodes: aha elias h Ã a d i s, DE;

qaTmis Ãm-ob-a _ yiv-il-i:

vidre qaTmisa Ã m o b a d m d e, sam gzis uvar-myo me, m. 22, 36 DE;

vidre qaTmis y i v i d m d e, sam gzis uvar-myo m[e], C;

ix. agreTve: mr. 13, 35; 14, 30;

147

wod-eb-a//mo-wod-eb-a//mi-wod-eb-a leqsikuri erTeulebi qarTveluri

*wod- Ziridan momdinareoben. `qarTul wod- ùwods, wodeba~ Seesatyviseba

svanuri WGd-, li-WGd-i `kiTxva~, xe-WGd-i-el èkiTxeba~ (65).

wod-eb-a leqsikonTa mixedviT ganimarteba, rogorc `daZaxili, Zaxeba~

(54); `daZaxeba, xmoba// darqmeva, saxelis micema~ (92); `daZaxeba~ (6); `(saxelis)

darqmeva; mowodeba, moxmoba~ (33). wodebas berZnulSi efardeba zmna

`daZaxeba, mowodeba; saxelis darqmeva~ (145; 127).

rqu-m-a saerToqarTveluri *reqG-/rqG- Ziridan momdinareobs. `qarTul

rqu- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli raqv- da svanuri req-/raqG-~,

romelTa semantika `Tqmas, laparaks~ ukavSirdeba (65). rquma ganimarteba,

rogorc `hrqva, uTxra~ (54); `xmarebuli srulTa Sina droTa, xolo

awindelsa Sina Tqma~ (92).

mo-wod-eb-a zmna ki aRiniSnavs Semdegs: `mowodeba ars moyvasTa moÃmoba,

xolo moxade _ uaRresisa da dauZaxe udaresTaTvis~ (53); `moxmoba, mowveva~

(92); `daZaxeba, Sekreba~ (6).

mi-wod-eb-a niSnavs agreTve `daZaxebas, miwvevas~ (6). mi- zmniswini

Sesabamisad saiqeTo mimarTebas aRniSnavs. mowodeba//miwodeba formebs

berZnulSi miemarTeba zemodasaxelebuli zmna

mo-wes-a zmnac aseve `mowodebas, moxmobas, daZaxebas~ niSnavs, romlis

fardia berZnulSi `daZaxeba, moxmoba, saxelis darqmeva~ (145; 127).

Cin-eb-a ganimarteba, rogoc `gamorCeva, mowodeba, anu daniSvna

romelsame saqmesa zeda~ (92); `wveva~ (6); `mowveva, mowodeba~ (33).

xad-a: leqsikonTa ganmartebiT `RmerTs mouwoda, gina uaRressa~ (54; 92);

`mipatiJeba, miwveva, mowodeba, moxmoba, daZaxeba~ (33).

mo-xad-a: moxad-e ùaRress mouwode~ (53); `daZaxeba, mowodeba, moxmoba,

mowveva~ (33). maSasadame, moxada `mowodebas~ aRniSnavs, oRond ùaRresis

mowodebas~. mixade//moxade erTeulebs berZnulSi gadmoscems zmna

`xmamaRla daZaxeba, miwveva, mipatiJeba~ (127).

Se-xad-a zmnac `mowodebas, mowvevas, daZaxebas~ niSnavs (6; 33), oRond

moxmobil konteqstSi (i. 18, 33) Sexada forma garedan SigniT `SepatiJebas,

Sexmobas~ gulisxmobs, romlis fardia berZnulSi kvlav zmna.

148

Ãmoba//Ãmis-yofa: `xmis gamoReba// mowodeba, moxmoba~ (92); `daZaxeba,

JRera, yvirili; mowodeba~ (6); `yvirili, xmamaRla daZaxeba, dayvireba~ (33).

Ãmoba//Ãmis-yofa erTeulebi berZnulSi gadmoicema zmniT `dayvireba,

Rriali, yvirili...~ (145; 127).

RaRad-yofa momdinareobs qarTveluri Rad- Ziridan. `qarTul Rad- Zirs

Seesatyviseba lazuri Rod- (lazurSi Rod- Zirs ukavSirdeba, rogorc

`Tqmis~, aseve `qmnis~ mniSvnelobebi) da svanuri Rd- (*Rad)~ (65). RaRad-yofa

leqsikonTa mixedviT Semdegnairad ganimarteba: èse iTqmis yovelive

ÃmamaRlobiT Ãmis-yofa...~ (54); `xmamaRla zaxili~ (92); `daZaxeba~ (6);

`yvirili, xmamaRla Zaxili~ (33). RaRad-yofa gadmoicema berZnulSi zmniT

yiv-il-i: `maRali Ãmianoba~ (54); `mamlis xmianoba, kivili, RaRadeba

kacTa~ (92); `Zaxili~ (6). moxmobil magaliTSebSi (m. 22, 36...) yivili `mamlis

xmianobas~, anu dayivlebas aRniSnavs.

4.7. motacebis, moparvis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi

gamoReba _ gamorTuma _ moquma _ iavaris-yofa _ gamotyuenva

gamo-R-eb-a:

vis Ãel-ewifebis saxlsa Zlierisasa Seslvad da WurWeli misi

g a m o R e b a d, m. 12, 29 DE;

gamo-R-eb-a saerToqarTveluri *R- Ziridan momdinareobs, romlis

semantika `waRebas; warTmevas~ ukavSirdeba (65). gamoReba ganimarteba,

rogorc `Signidam gamotana~ (53); `gamotana, anu gamozidva, warmoeba,

aRmoceneba~ (92); `mocema, motana, gamocileba, CamorTmeva~ (6).

gamo-R-eb-a gamo-rTu-m-a:

g a m o i R e T samoseli igi pirveli da SehmoseT mas, l. 15, 22 DE;

g a m o a r T u T magas kuarTi igi winaÁ da STaacuT magas, C.

gamo-rTu-m-a niSnavs `naqonebi Tvisi mouRos~ (53); `miRebas, CamorTmevas~

(92); `gamorTmevas, morTmevas~ (6). gamorTuma aRniSnul konteqstSi samoslis

gamotanas aRniSnavs, romelsac berZnulSi efardeba zmna `gamorTmeva,

napirze gamotana...~ (127).

149

gamo-R-eb-a _ mo-qum-a:

g a m o i R i s erTman oc da aTi da sammeoci da asi, mr. 4, 8 C;

m o a q u n d a ocdaaTeuli, samoceuli da aseuli, DE.

mo-qun-a leqsemas berZnulSi miemarTeba zemodasaxelebuli zmna

romelic dasaxelebul konteqstSi (mr. 4, 8) mravali nayofis `gamotanas~

aRniSnavs

iavaris-yofa:

ver uZlis Seslvad saxlsa Zlierisasa da WurWrisa misisa i a v a r i s

– y o f a Á, m. 12, 29 C.

iavar-yofa ganimarteba, rogorc `mitaceba; nadavlad Cagdeba~ (6);

`gaZarcva, akleba, dataceba~ (33).

iavaris-yofa _ gamo-tyuen-v-a:

arca uZlis vin Seslvad saxlsa Zlierisasa da WurWeli misi iavar-

yvis, mr. 3, 27 C;

arca Ãel-vis-ewifebis Seslvad saxlsa Zlierisasa da WurWeri misi

g a m o t y u e n v a d, DE.

gamo-tyu-en-v-a niSnavs `gaZarcvas, alafobas, tyved wayvanas~ (6; 33).

iavaris-yofa//gamotyuenva sinonimur erTeulebs berZnulSi Seesatyviseba

zmna `Sepyroba; miTviseba; gaZarcva~ (127).

4.8. xilvis, gamocxadebis semantikis gamomxatveli sinonimuri zmnebi

gamocxadeba _ gancxadeba _ gamoCineba _ gamoCena _ Cueneba _

sacnaur-yofa _ grZnoba

gamo-cxad-eb-a _ gan-cxad-eb-a:

sam gzis g a m o u c x a d a iesu Tavi TÂsi mowafeTa TÂsTa, i. 21, 14

DE;

sam gzis g a n e c x a d a iusu mowafeTa maT, C.

gamo-cxad-eba: leqsikonTa mixedviT ganimarteba, rogorc `gamoCenasa-

viT~ (53); `gamoCena // apokalipsi, wigni ioane maxareblisa~ (92); `ganmarteba,

gaSiSvleba, gacnoba; gamoCena, naTlisReba; saxe, azri~ (6).

150

gan-cxad-eb-a: `sacxadod Seqmna~ (53); `cxadad gamoCena, gamocxadeba~ (92);

Cveneba, gamoCena, zmaneba, gamoaSkaraveba~ (6). gamocxadeba// gancxadeba

sinonimur erTeulebs berZnulSi efardeba zmna `gamoCena,

gamocxadeba, gamoaSkaraveba~ (145; 127).

gan-cxad-eb-a _ gamo-cxad-eb-a _ gamo-Cin-eb-a:

aravin farulad rasme iqmn da hnebavn, viTarmca g a n c x a d e b u l

iyo, i. 7, 4 DE;

rameTu ara ars, romeli dafarulad ras vin iqmn da g a m o a C i-

n e b n Tavsa TÂssa kadnier yofad, C.

ara ars saÁdumloÁ, romelimca ara g a n c x a d n a, da arca

dafaruli raÁ ars, romeli ara g a m o C n d e s, mr. 4, 22 C;

ara ars dafaruli, romeli ara g a m o c x a d n e s, arca

saidumloÁ, romeli ara gancxadebulad movides, DE.

gan-cxad-eb-a _ gamo-cxad-eb-a _ gamo-Cen-a:

egre iyos dRe igi, odes Ze kacisaM g a m o c x a d n e s, l. 17, 30 C;

egreve iyos dRÀ igi, odes ZÀ kacisaÁ g a m o C n d e s, DE.

ara ars dafaruli, romeli ara g a m o C n d e s, arca saidumloÁ

romeli ara gamocxadnes, m. 10, 26 DE;

ara ars dafarul, romel ara g a n c x a d n e s, arca saidumloÁ,

romeli ara g a m o C n d e s, C.

gamo-Cin-eb-a//gamo-Cen-a ganimarteba rogorc, `sacxadod qmna~ (53);

`danaxveba, gamotana sanaxavad // gamocxadeba // aRmoCineba, warmoCineba~ (92);

`gamocxadeba, Cveneba, gaSiSvleba~ (6). gamoCineba//gamoCena leqsikur formebs

miemarTeba berZnulSi zemodasaxelebuli zmna xolo

gamocxadeba//gamoCena sinonimur wyvils gadmoscems `gaxsna,

gamoaSkaraveba~ (145; 127).

gamo-cxad-eb-a _ Cuen-eb-a:

g a m o e c x a d a mas angelozi uflisaÁ, l. 1, 11 C;

e C u e n a mas angelozi uflisaÁ, DE.

151

Sevides wmidasa qalaqsa da g a m o e c x a d n e s mravalTa, m. 27,

53 DE;

Sevides wmidasa qalaqsa da e C u e n n e s mravalTa, C.

Cuen-eb-a: `gankvirebiT xilva~ (54); `danaxveba, gamocxadeba // moCveneba,

anu sizmari~ (92); `Cveneba, moCveneba, xilva, zmaneba, sizmari~ (6; 33). Cveneba

leqsemas `dasizmrebis, moCvenebis mniSvneloniT berZnulSi efardeba zmna

`Cveneba, danaxva; xilva, xolo `gamocxadebis, danaxvebis~

mniSvnelobiT mas gadmoscems zemodasaxelebu-li leqsikuri forma.

gamo-cxad-eb-a _ gamo-Cin-eb-a _sacnaur-yofa:

rameTu ara ars dafaruli, romeli ara g a m o c x a d n e s, arca

saidumloÁ, romeli ara s a c n a u r i y o s, l. 8, 17 DEC.

rameTu sityuaÁca Seni g a m o g a C i n e b s Sen, m. 26, 73 DE;

rameTu sityuaÁca Seni s a c n a u r g y o f s Sen, C.

sacnaur-yofa niSnavs imave `gamoCinebas~ (6). gamoCineba//sacnaur-yofa

erTi winadadebis farglebSi dasturdeba sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT

(l. 8, 17) da orive formas leqsema miesadageba.

gamo-Cin-eb-a _ xil-v-a:

movides da Tques, viTarmed g a m o C i n e b a Á c a angelozTaÁ

i x i l e s, l. 24, 23 DE;

movides da ityodes, viTarmed: x i l v a Á angelozTaÁ v i x i-

l e T, C.

gamo-cxad-eb-a _ Cuen-eb-a _ xil-v-a:

C u e n e b a Á raÁme i x i l a taZarsa mas Sina, l. 1, 22 DE;

x i l v a Á i x i l a taZarsa mas, C.

angelozi uflisaM g a m o e c x a d a C u e n e b i T iosefs

egÂptes, m. 2, 19 C;

angelozi uflisaÁ g a m o u C n d a x i l v i T iosebs, DE.

xil-v-a: ganimarteba, rogorc `naxva~ (54); `naxva, gancda, gasinjva, anu

Cveneba~ (92); `naxva, SeniSvna, gasinjva, Cveneba, sizmari, Sesaxedaoba,

sanaxaoba, Cena, gaxela~ (6); `xedva, naxva; moCveneba; sizmari; saxe, Sesaxedao-

152

ba~ (33). xilvas, romelsac `moCvenebis, gamocxadebis~ mniSvneloba aqvs

aRniSnul konteqstebSi berZnulSi gadmoscems leqsikuri erTeuli

`Cveneba, gamocxadeba~ (145; 127).

xilva _ Sexilva _ xedva _ gancda

xil-v-a _ Se-xil-v-a:

i x i l v i d e s urTierTas mowafeni da ver icnes visTÂs ityoda, i.

13, 22 DE;

S e x i l n e s urTierTas mowafeTa misTa da Sezrundes, C.

xil-v-a _ xed-v-a:

i x i l e T da mRÂZare iyveniT da ilocevdiT, mr. 13, 33 DE;

x e d e v d i T da iRÂZebdiT da Tayuanis-scemdiT, C.

xed-v-a _ gan-cd-a:

Tualsa Sina Sensa diresa ara i x e d a v, m. 7, 3 C;

diresa Tualsa Sina Sensa ara g a n i c d i, DE.

Se-xil-v-a niSnavs èrTmaneTis Sexedvas~ (33). Se- zmniswins swored

damatebiTi semantika Semoaqvs xilva zmnis mniSvnelobaSi.

xed-v-a àrs Tvalis Cena, gina saqme sacnauri, gina mecniereba~ (54);

`TvaliT garCeva~ (92); `mzera, SeniSvna, krZalva~ (6); xilva//Sexilva//xedva

sinonimur erTeulebs berZnulSi Seesatyviseba zmna `danaxva, Sexedva,

cqera...~ (154; 127).

gan-cd-a: `danaxva, monax(v)eba, gamocda~ (53); `gamocda, gasinjva //

danaxva, ganxilva, gasinjva~ (92); `danaxva, Sexedva, cqera; gasinjva,

gamoZieba; cnoba~ (6). maSasadame, gancda polisemiuri leqsemaa, romelic

moxmobil magaliTSi (m. 7. 3) `Sexedvas, danaxvas~ niSnavs, rasac berZnulSi

efardeba zmna `SeniSvna, danaxva~ (145; 127).

4.9. dacinvis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi

kicxeva _ gankicxva _ basroba _ mRera _ gmoba _ Seuracxeba _

Seuracx-yofa

kicx-ev-a _ basr-ob-a:

igini e k i c x e v d e s mas, mr. 5. 40 C;

153

igini h b a s r o b d e s mas, DE.

kicx-ev-a leqsikonTa mixedviT aris `qirdad agdeba, agdeba~ (54);

àgdeba, dacineba~ (92); `gmoba, dacinva, sacinlad agdeba~ (6; 33).

basr-ob-a ganimarteba, rogorc `gardametebuli gankicxva~ (53; 92);

`dacinva, gmoba~ (6; 33). ase rom,Bbasrobac dacinvaa, mxolod igi metismetad,

gadametebulad dacinvas niSnavs, romelsac Seesatyviseba berZnulSi

`Zviris Tqma, avad xseneba, daZraxva, gakilva, gaWorva~

(145; 127).

kicx-ev-a _ basr-ob-a _ gm-ob-a:

romelni Tana-warhvidodes, e k i c x e v d e s mas, mr. 15, 29 C;

Tana-warmavalni igi h g m o b d e s mas, DE.

Tana-warmavalni igi h b a s r o b d e s mas, m. 27, 39 C.

Tana-warmavalni igi h g m o b d e s mas, DE.

ix. agreTve: m. 26, 65; mr. 14, 64.

gm-ob-a ganimarteba, rogorc `sityva RmrTis uaris-yofisa da Sjulis

damÃsneliA~ (53); `gineba, Seuracx-yofa, lanZRva, Zraxva~ (92; 6). maSasadame

gmoba Seuracxmyofel dacinvas, lanZRvas gulisxmobs, romelsac efardeba

berZnulSi zemodasaxelebuli zmna

kicx-ev-a _ mRer-a:

e k i c x e v e d mas da etyÂed: gixaroden, meufeo huriaTao, m. 27, 29

C;

e m R e r d e s mas da etyodes: gixaroden, meufeo huriaTao, DE.

mRer-a leqsikonTa mixedviT: `mRera ars esenica WadrakTa da nardTa da

yovelTa samorinoTa TamaSoba, da orolTa mravalgvarad brunebasac(a)

mRerad(ve) ityvian...~ (53); `msofliuri galoba, simRera. // TamaSoba. // kicxeva,

dacinva~ (92); `Zvra, TamaSoba, xtoma, cekva; dacinva (6; 33). maSasadame, mRera

polisemiuri leqsemaa. dasaxelebul sinonimur rigSi ki igi `dacinvas~

niSnavs, romlis fardia berZnulSi àbuCad agdeba, masxrad agdeba~

(145; 127).

kicx-ev-a _ Seuracx-yofa _ Se-uracx-eb-a:

154

e k i c x e v d e s mTavarni igi maT, l. 23, 35 C;

S e u r a c x – h y o f d e s mTavarnica igi maT, DE;

jer-ars Zisa kacisaÁ vneba friad da S e u r a c x – y o f a d

moxucebulTagan, mr. 8, 31 DE;

jer-ars Zisa kacisaM friad vnebad da S e u r a c x e b a d, C.

Seuracx-yofa//Se-uracx-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc: `miuCnevloba da

angariSSi ar Caagdos~ (54); `dawuneba, ukadrisad miCneva; arafrad miCneva~

(92); ùpatioeba, arafrad miCneva; arafrad Cagdeba, gineba, Zageba; Sercxvena~

(6); àrad Cagdeba, ukugdeba, uaryofa, pativis arcema~ (33). Seuracx-yofas

berZnulSi miesadageba `Seuracyofa...~ (145; 127).

basr-ob-a _ gan-kicx-v-a _ Seuracx-yofa:

raJams daasrules b a s r o b a Á igi mis zeda, ganhZarcues Zoweuli

igi, mr. 15, 20 C;

odes g a n k i c x e s igi, ganhsZarcues mas Zoweuli igi, DE.

rameTu vecxlis moyuare iyvnes da S e u r a c x – h y o f d e s

mas, l. 16, 14 DE;

rameTu vecxlis moyuare iyvnes, g a n k i c x e s igi, C.

gan-kicx-v-a: sasacilod agdeba~ (53); `gaqirdva, agdeba~ (92) `dacinva~ (6;

33). gankicxva berZnulSi gadmoicema zmniT `dacinva, sacinlad

agdeba~ (145; 127).

4.10. gatexis, damtvrevis semantikis mqone sinonimuri zmnebi

ganxeTqa _ ganTqdoma _ gantexa _ damusrva _ Semusrva _ ganpeba _

ganxeva _ gamobRleZa

gan-xeTq-a _ Se-musr-v-a:

jaWÂTa da borkiliTa Sekrul iyo igi da g a n x e T q i s da

S e m u s r i s igi, mr. 5, 4 DEC.

gan-xeTq-a _ gan-sTqd-om-a:

arca STaasxian RÂnoÁ axali TxierTa ZuelTa, raÁTa ara g a n x e T-

q n e s Txierni, m. 7, 19 DE;

155

arca STaasxian RÂnoÁ axali TxierTa ZuelTa, ukueTu ara

g a n s T q d i a n Txierni, C.


gan-xeTq-a _ gan-p-eb-a:

uZÂres g a n x e T q i l iqmnis, mr. 2, 21 C;

ufroÁsad g a n i p i s, DE.

gan-p-eb-a _ gan-x-ev-a:

ara g a n v a p o T ege, aramed wil-vigdoT magas zeda, i. 19, 24 C;

ara g a n v x i o T ese, aramed wils-vigdoT amas zeda, DE.

mo-p-eb-a _ gamo-RleZ-a:

ukueTu ara, m o a p i s cocxalica igi misgan axalman man ZuelisaÁ,

mr. 2, 21, DE;

ukueTu ara, g a m o i R l i Z i s sworad TÂsa axalman man

ZuelisaÁ,

C.

gan-tex-a _ da-musr-v-a:

g a n t e x n a purni igi da miscemda mowafeTa TÂsTa, mr. 6, 41 C;

d a m u s r a puri igi da mihscemda mowafeTa TÂsTa, DE.

movides erisaganni igi da pirvelisaM mis g a n u t e x n e s wÂvni, i.

19, 32 DE;

movides erisa kacni da pirvelsa mas d a u m u s r n e s wÂvni, C.

gan-tex-a _ Se-musr-v-a _ da-sxer-a:

lerwami S e m u s r v i l i ara g a n t e x o s, m. 12, 20 DE;

lerwami d a s x e r i l (i) ara S e m u s r o s, C.

gan-xeTq-a//gan-sTq-d-om-a leqsikonTa mixedviT ganimarteba Semdegnairad:

`miwaTa da kldeT(a) ganpeba, gina werilTa da naqsovTa daxeva~ (53);

`gagleja, gaxeCa, daxeva // ganxeTqa qGeyanisa~ (92); `gaxeva, gawyveta;

gaskdoma, gaxeTqa~ (6); `gagleja~ (33). ganxeTqa leqsemas berZnulSi efardeba

`gaxeTqva, SuagulSi gawyveta~ (145; 127).

156

gan-tex-a saerToqarTveluri tex- Ziridan momdinareobs. `qarTul tex-

Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli tax-, lazuri tax- da svanur tx-

(*<tex). Semonaxulia la-tx-i (<<satexi; weraqvi>>) fuZeSi~ (Sesatyvisobebi

vlindeba aRniSnul ZirTa semantikaSic (65). gantexa ganimarteba, rogorc

`Semusrva~ (53); òrad gaCexa, anu wGrilad damusrva); `mtvreva~ (6). gantexa

zmnas berZnulSi Seesatyviseba `gatexa, motexa~ (145).

Se-musr-v-a ganimarteba, rogorc `damtvreva~ (54); `damtGreva, dalewa~

(92); `dafSvna, damsxvreva~ (6); `gatexa~ (33).

da-musr-v-a: `daamtvria~ (53); `dalewa, damsxvreva~ (92); `damtvreva,

dawvrilmaneba, dafSvna~ (6); `damtvreva, damsxvreva~ (33). maSasadame,

damusrva//Semusrva zmnuri sinonimebi wvril nawilebad dafSvnas, damtvrevas

aRniSnaven, romelTac berZnulSi gadmoscems zmna `damtvreva,

damsxvreva...~ (145; 127).

gan-p-eb-a qarTveluri *pu- Ziridan momdinareobs. qarTul p- gan-p-eb-a

<<gapoba; gakveTa; gaxeTqva>>, miemarTeba svanuri pu- na-pu <<naWeri; lukma>>

(65). ganpeba èse ars frinvelni ra frTiTa haerTa ganapobs, gina navi, anu

Tevzi, anu kaci da cxo(v)eli SeslviTa wyalTa ganapobs. samoslis gaxevac

ganpebad iTqmis~ (53); `Suaze gaWra, gankveTa, gaCexa, gaxeTqa, an gagleja.

//mfrinvelTagan haeris gakveTa freniTa, anu navTa da kacTagan wylisa _

curviTa~ (92); `gapoba, ganxeTqileba~ (6); `gagleja, gaxeva~ (33). maSasadame,

ganpeba polisemiuri erTeulia. dasaxelebul mniSvnelobaTagan Cvens

magaliTSi (mr. 2, 21) igi samoslis `gaxevas~ aRniSnavs, romelic berZnulSi

gadmoicema leqsemiT `gapoba, gaxeva...~ (145;).

gan-x-ev-a: `tyavis gankveTa~ (53); `naqsovT, anu qartis gagleja, gafrewa~

(92); `gaxeva~ (6). ganxeva//ganpeba//ganxeTqa sinonimuri erTeulebi berZnulSi

gadmoicema sityviT `gaxeva, gagleja, garRveva, gaxeTqa~ (145; 127).

gamo-RleZ-a zmnis semantika `gamoglejas~ (6; 33) ukavSirdeba.

ganpeba//ganxeTqa//gamobRleZa erTi winadadebis farglebSi dasturdeba

sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT, sadac ganpeba//ganxeTqa mxolod `gaxevas~

niSnavs, xolo gamoRleZa mTlianad samoslis nawilis `gamoglejas~,

mocilebas warmoadgens.

157

4.11. Sepyrobis, cixeSi Casmis semantikis Semcveli sinonimuri zmnebi

Segdeba _ STagdeba _ Seyeneba _ Sesuma _ Sevrdoma

Se-gd-eb-a _ Se-yen-eb-a:

SfoTisaÂs da kacis-klvisa S e g d e b u l iyo sapyrobilesa, l.

23, 25 DE;

aRZrvisaTÂs da kacis-klvisaTÂs S e e y e n a sapyrobilesa, C.

kacis-klvisaTÂs S e g d e b u l iyo sapyrobilesa, l. 23, 19 DE;

kacis-klvisaTÂs S e y e n e b u l iyo sapyrobilesa Sina, C.

Se-gd-eb-a _ STa-gd-eb-a _ Se-su-m-a:

S e a g d o igi sapyrobilesa, vidremde misces mas Tana-nadebi igi, m.

18, 30 E;

S T a a g d o igi sapyrobilesa, vidremde misces mas Tana-nadebi, D;

S e s u a igi sapyrobilesa, vidremdis mosces Tana-nadebi igi, C.

Se-gd-eb-a _ Se-vrd-om-a:

arRa S e e g d o iohane sapyrobilesa, i. 3, 24 C;

arRa S e v r d o m i l iyo iovane sapyrobilesa, DE.

Se-gd-eb-a//STa-gd-eb-a: es sinonimuri zmnebi niSnavs `Cagdebas~ (6; 33). Se-

zmniswini aCvenebs `Ria sferodan daxurul sferoSi, anu garedan SigniT~

mimarTul moZraobas. `SigniT~ termini gulisxmobs `sagnis yovelmxriv

daxurul Siga ares~. magram, Se- zmniswins amave SinaarsiT enacvleba STa-

zmniswini, rac aRniSnavs `garedan SigniT mimarTulebas zevidan qveviT

moZraobis pirobebSi~ (26, 204-205). swored aRniSnuli Sinaarsia gadmocemuli

sinonimuri rigis zmnebSi Segdeba// STagdeba//Seyeneba//Sesuma//Sevrdoma.

Se-yen-eb-a: leqsikonTa mixedviT `dilegTa ra kaci daapyra, gina

aRmarTTa maval yos, gina mowesed SeasakuTros, gina Secdomili masve gzasa

zeda daayenos~ (54); `SeCereba, mocva, Cagdeba~ (6); `Casma, Cagdeba~ (33). yeneba

zmna zmniswinis gareSe àRdgomas~ (54), anu vertikalur mdgomareobaSi

gaCerebas niSnavs. Seyeneba zmnuri forma ki gulisxmobs sapyrobileSi

`Casmas~ da imavdroulad xazs usvams iq drois gatarebas fexze dgomiT.

158

Segdeba//STagdeba//Seyeneba sinonimur zmnebs berZnulSi efardeba

`Caketva, gamoketva; dapatimreba~ (154; 127).

Se-su-ma: `SigniT dajdineba, SewyGdeva~ (92); `Cagdeba, Casma~ (6); `Sesma,

daleva; Segdeba, Casma~ (33). maSasadame, Sesuma zmna garedan SigniT

`Segdebis, Semwyvdevis~ mniSvnelobas gadmoscems da Tan miuTiTebs

daxurul sivrceSi, kerZod, cixeSi jdomiT mdgomareobaSi yofnaze.

Se-vrd-om-a: òris(av) muÃliT daCoqeba~ (54); `muxldadgmiT Sevedreba~

(92); `Cavardna~ (6; 33). aRniSnul zmnaSi xazgasmulia cixeSi Segdeba da

imavdroulad sapyrobileSi xanis dayofa muxlze moyril viTarebaSi.

sinonimuri rigis erTeulebi Sevrdoma//Sesuma berZnulSi gadmoicema zmniT

`Segdeba, Casma~ (145; 127).

4.12. dabnevis semantikis gamomxatveli sinonimuri zmnebi

ganbneva _ mimoganbneva _ ganqreva _ ganTesva

gan-bn-ev-a _ gan-qr-ev-a:

romelsa zeda daeces, g a n a b n i o s igi, m. 21, 44 C;

romelsa zeda daeces, g a n a q r i o s igi, DE.

mimo-gan-bn-ev-a _ gan-Tes-v-a:

nuukue m i m o g a n b n e u l T a maT warmarTTa mivides, i. 7, 35 C;

nuukue g a n T e s u l T a maT warmarTTa egulebis mislvad, DE.

gan-bn-ev-a: gan- zmniswini, rogorc wesi, aRniSnavs Signidan gareT

moZraobas (26, 215-242), magram igi agreTve zogjer aRniSnavs moZraobas

sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT (iqve, 233-234). swored am ukanasknel mniSvnelobas

Seicavs igi ganbneva//mimoganbneva//ganTesva//ganqreva sinonimur zmnebSi.

ganbneva ganimarteba, rogorc `gafantva~ (53); `gafantva, mimodabneva;

`gafantva, gaSla, aSliloba~ (92; 6).

mimo-gan-bn-ev-a: mimo- rTuli zmniswinia, romelic aqeT-iqiT, wriul

moZraobas gamoxatavs (26, 45). mimoganbneva niSnavs `gafantvas aqa iqiT,

midamo~ (92).

gan-Tes-v-a qarTveluri *Tes- Ziris mqone leqsikuri erTeulia.

`qarTul Tes- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megruli Tas- da lazuri

159

Tas-. Sesatyvisobebi vlindeba maT semantikaSic, romelic `Tesvas~

ukavSirdeba (65). ganTesva niSnavs `ganbnevas~ (53; 92); `gafantva, daTesva~ (6;

33).

gan-qr-ev-a: qarTveluri *qar-/qr- Ziridan momdinareobs. qarTul qar-/qr-

`ganqarveba~-s, megrulSi Seesatyviseba nqir- gon-qir-af-a `gaqroba~, svanurSi

qar-qr- ad-qar-G-e `dakargva~ (65). ganqarveba ganimarteba, rogorc `wurilad

dalewa, an ganiaveba~ (92); `gafantva; gaqroba~ (6; 33).

ganbneva//ganqreva formebs berZnulSi efardeba zmna `ganiaveba,

ganTesva, ganbneva~ (145; 127). ganTesva//mimoganbneva sinonimur wyvils ki

miemarTeba `ganbneva, ganTesva~ (145; 127).

amrigad, oTxTavis teqstSi gamoyofili moZraobis, mdgomareobis,

sicocxlis Sewyvetis, SiSis, cemis, motacebis, dacinvis, ganbnevis...

Sinaarsis Semcveli sinonimuri rigis zmnebis analizma aCvena, rom TiToeul

rigSi Semavali leqsemebi saerTo semantikuri siaxloviT xasiaTdebian.

yvela jgufSi ikveTeba dominanturi statusis mqone leqsema, romelic

saerToa mwkrivis yvela wevrisaTvis, xolo calkeul wevrTa identifikacia

erT konkretul semantikur niSans emyareba.

moZraobis Sinaarsis Semcvel sinonimTa rigebisaTvis ganmsazRvrelia

val-/Ged-/Gid- Ziri, romlis semantika ukavSirdeba `svlas, gadaadgilebas~.

igi stilisturi da semantikuri niSniT neitraluria, xolo aRniSnuli

Ziridan miRebuli zmniswiniani formebi moslva, mislva, aRmoslva,

gamoslva, moyvaneba... TavianTi rigebisaTvis warmoadgenen sayrden leqsemebs,

romlebic ar Seicaven raime damatebiT diferencialur niSnebs, aRniSnaven

mxolod subieqtis garkveuli mimarTulebiT gadaadgilebas. TiToeul

mwkrivSi Semavali zmnebi dominant erTeuls sxvadasxva semantikur-

diferencialuri niSnebiT emijnebian, rac maT individualur mniSvnelobas

aniWebs.

mdgomareobis Sinaarsis Semcveli sinonimuri rigisaTvis saerToa

`dadgomis, gaCerebis~ semantika. mwkrivis sayrdeni wevria dadgroma zmna,

romelic ar aris Seferili stilisturi da semantikuri niSniT. igi

Tavisuflad enacvleba mwkrivSi Semaval yvela erTeuls, xolo calkeuli

160

zmnebi sxvadasxva niuansebiT ganirCevian dominanti sityvisagan. damtkiceba

`myarad, mtkiced~ dadgomas aRniSnavs; dayovneba mcire droiT `SeCerebas,

dacdas~ warmoadgens; dayofa gaurkveveli xniT erT adgilze `drois

gatarebas~ gulisxmobs; lodna raimes molodinSi dacdis mniSvnelobas

Seicavs; damkÂdreba erT adgilze `saniadagod~ anu samudamod dasaxlebas

aRniSnavs; daSToma Tavisi nebiT darCenas warmoadgens; dabudeba frinvelTa

mier TavianTi saTavsis, budis xis totze gakeTebas da masSi dabinavebas

gulisxmobs; adgil-pyroba ki raime samyofSi mcire xniT `SeCerebas~

aRniSnavs.

sicocxlis Sewyvetis semantikis mqone zmnebSi yuradReba

gamaxvilebulia sinonimTa warmoqmnis iseT wyaroze, rogoricaa sityvis

tabu da evfemizmi. mwkrivis dominanti wevria sikudili//moklva, romelic

stilistur-semantikuri niSniT neitraluri leqsemaa, xolo misi fardi

sinonimuri odenobebi warwymeda//aRsruleba//gardacvaleba//Sesueneba//sulis

aRmobera//sulis ganteveba// sulis aRmoteveba//amier sofliT cvaleba//amier

sofliT ganslva//sulis warwymeda// sulis ganÃueba//sulis warÃda...

umeteswilad sikudilis evfemisturad monacvle erTeulebi da

frazeologiuri Sesityvebebia, romlebic Serbilebulad gadmoscemen im

grZnobas, rac adamianis sulisa da xorcis gayris Sinaarss ukavSirdeba.

SiSis semantikis Semcveli zmnebis sayrden leqsemas warmoadgens

SeSineba. igi stilisturi TvalsazrisiT neitraluria, ar Seicavs

damatebiT semantikur niuansebs. rigSi Semaval calkeul wevrebSi ki

eqspresiuli niSnis mateba SeiniSneba. SeZrwuneba gamoxatavs `caxcaxiT~

SiSis gancdas; damedgreba SiSisagan `dafrTxobas~ gulisxmobs; aRtydoma

SiSisagan ànTebas, SeSfoTebas~ aRniSnavs; dasuleba//Sesuleba leqsikuri

formebi SiSisagan `gonis dakargvas~, xmis Cavardnas anu `dadumebas~

aRniSnaven; gankrToma moulodneli gakvirvebiT gamowveul SiSs niSnavs;

gancToma SiSisagan `Wkuaze SeSlas, sigiJes, SeSlilobas~ gulisxmobs da a.

S. maSasadame, calkeuli wevrebi eqspresiuli niSnis mixedviT ganirCevian

dominanti leqsemisagan, rac teqstis mxatvrulad gaformebas emsaxureba.

161

cemis, galaxvis semantikis mqone sinonimuri rigis dominanturi wevria

cema zmna. igi neitraluria eqspresiuli TvalsazrisiT, aramarkirebulia

stilisturad, xolo mwkrivis calkeuli wevrebi eqspresiuli niSnebiT

ganirCevian misgan. guema kanis gadaZrobamde cemas niSnavs; tajva

ùmowyalod~, Seubraleblad fizikur zemoqmedebas gulisxmobs;

frazeologiur SesityvebebSi ÃÂrTiT cema// SoltiT cema// qviT cema//qviT

datÂnva ikveTeba moqmedebis dros gamoyenebuli instrumenti riTac

sruldeba obieqtze fizikuri zemoqmedeba. ÃÂrTiT cema gulisxmobs mjiRiT

anu muStiT cemas; SoltiT cema miuTiTebs, rom obieqtze fizikuri

zemoqmedeba sruldeba SoltiT, anu maTraxiT; qviT cema//qviT datÂnva

aRniSnaven qvis saSualebiT adamianisaTvis fizikuri zianis miyenebas.

msgavsi viTarebaa sxva semantikur jgufebSi gaerTianebuli sinonimuri

rigis zmnebSic, romlebic dominantur leqsemas emijnebian ZiriTad

mniSvnelobaze sxvadasxva semantikuri niSnebis matebiT.

identuri semantikuri moculobis ori sinonimuri zmna saxarebis

teqstSi Cveni masalis mixedviT ar dasturdeba, rac oTxTavSi absoluturi

sinonimiis arsebobis sakiTxs zmnebSi kiTxvis niSnis qveS svams. amitom

warmodgenili sinonimuri zmnebi relatiur, nawilobriv anu kvazisinonimebs

miekuTvnebian.

4.13. sinonimuri paralelizmi oTxTavis teqstSi

oTxTavis calkeul redaqciaSi zogjer erTi winadadebis farglebSi

dasturdeba sinonimuri wyvilebi, rac lingvistur literaturaSi

`sinonimuri paralelizmis~ saxeliT moixsenieba (94, 57). erT garkveul

konteqstSi erTmaneTis gverdigverd naxmari sinonimur wyvilTa calebi

xSir SemTxvevaSi damazustebel rols asruleben da mravalmxriv

axasiaTeben cnebas (22, 472; 15, 367). amitom, maTi gamoyeneba teqstSi

umeteswilad mxatvruli mizniT aris ganpirobebuli, rac gadmosacemi

Sinaarsis gaZlierebas da emociur gamoxatvas emsaxureba (22, 473).

saxarebis teqstSi sinonimur wyvilebSi umeteswilad nasesxebi

leqsemebi SeiniSneba da maTi fardi qarTuli eqvivalentebi erTgvari

162

ganmmarteblis rolSi gamodian, rac ucxouri sityvis danergvis erTgvar

saSualebad miiCneva (94, 57).

yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT sinonimuri paralelizmis ramdenime

SemTxvevaze. a) sinonimur wyvilTagan erTi wevri ucxouri warmomavlobisaa,

xolo meore sakuTari enis fondis kuTvnilebas warmoadgens; b) sinonimuri

wyvilis orive wevri sakuTriv qarTuli warmoSobisaa; g) sinonimuri

wyvilis orive wevri nasesxebia.

a) sinonimur wyvilTa Soris erTi wevri nasesxebia, meore ki sakuTari

enis leqsikuri fondidan aris.

sanTeli _ lampari:

movida mun s a n T l e b i T a, l a m p r e b i T a da

saWurveliTa, l. 8, 16 DECFGHIK.


sa-nT-el-i qarTveluri *naT- Ziridan momdinareobs. qarTul naT- Zirs

Seesatyviseba megr. noT- da laz. noT-. Sesatyvisobebi vlindeba aRniSnuli

Zirebis semantikaSic (65). sanTeli ganimarteba, rogorc àRsanTebeli~ (54);

`patruqzed Camosxmuli cvili an qoni asanTebad, светильник, свеча~ (91);

`lampari, kandeli~ (6).

lampari berZnuli idan aris nasesxebi, romelic

ganimarteba, rogorc `CiraRdani, sanTeli; manaTobeli...~ (127); `sanaTi, gina

fanari~ (53); àsanTebeli kandeli, светильник~ (91); `sanTeli, an kandeli~ (6).

lampari berZnulSi polisemiuri leqsemaa, xolo oTxTavSi igi mxolod

`sanTlis~ mniSvnelobiT aris Semosuli.

lampari//sanTeli oTxTavis or Zvel redaqciaSi mxolod aRniSnul

magaliTebSi gvaqvs (l. 8, 16; i. 18, 3) sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT,

romelsac berZnulSi erTi leqsema gadmoscems.

brwyinvale _ spetaki:

samoseli misi iqmna m b r w y i n v a l e da s p e t a k viTarca

Tovli, mr. 9, 3 DE;

samoseli misi iqmna b r w y i n v a l e, s p e t a k friad, C.

163

brwyinvale qarTveluri *berwy-/brwy- Ziridan momdinareobs da

ganimarteba, rogorc `saCino, gina TeTri elvare, gina TeTri saCino~ (53);

èlGare, bzinGare, anu naTlis feri, светлый~ (91); `naTeli~ (6).

spetaki falauri spēt/spētak sityvidan aris nasesxebi (4, 372-373) da

niSnavs `TeTrs~ (53; 91; 6; 33). berZnulSi spetaks gadmoscems leqsema

`TeTri~ (127; 145). e. doCanaSvilis ganmartebiT, moxmarebis

TvalsazrisiT spetaksa da TeTrs Soris niuansobrivi gansxvaveba iCens Tavs

`spetaks xmaroben Zalian naTelisaTvis, elvarisaTvis~ (24, 188).

brwyinvale da spetaki sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT dasturdeba

mr. 9, 3-Si, romlebsac berZnulSi erTi leqsema `TeTri,~ (127; 145).

gadmoscems. brwyinvale, rogorc aRiniSna, `naTlis fers, naTels~ ewodeba,

xolo misi momdevno leqsema spetaki aseve `Zalian naTels~ gulisxmobs,

rac Tvisebis yvelaze maRal xarisxze miuTiTebs.

rabi _ moZRuari:

hrques mas: r a b i, romel iTargmanebis: m o Z R u a r, sada iyofi,

i. 1, 38 DECFGHIK.

rabi//rabbuni: (ebr. rab, sir. rabi, berZn. somx. rabbi). es sityva

berZnulis gziT aris Semosuli qarTulSi `didis batonis da Semdgom

moZRvar-maswavleblis mniSvnelobiT~ (22, 140). k. danelia aRniSnavs, rom

rabi formaSi ì qarTuli saxelobiTis niSani ki ar aris, aramed ebrauli,

siriuli kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli `Cemi~ e. i. rab-i = `moZRvari Cemi~.

adre mas sapatio mwignobarT eZaxdnen, Semdgom axal aRTqmaSi ioane

naTlismcemlisa da qristes mimarT ixmareba~ (22, 140). maSasadame, rabi

èbrauli sityvaa, = maswavlebels~ (33).

mo-ZRu-ar-i saerToqarTveluri *ZeRG-/ZRG- Ziridan momdinareobs.

qarTul ZeRu-/ZRu- Zirs kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba megr. jR-/njRv-, laz.

njR- da svan. JRG-/JoRG-, romelTa semantika aris `gagzavna; gaZRola;

gaswreba~ (65). moZRuaris amosavali mniSvnelobac `gaswrebas~ ukavSirdeba

(65). moZRuari ganimarteba, rogorc òstati~ (53); `maswavlebeli,

damrigebeli, mwGarTneli, учитель, наставник. //aRsarebisa an gandobis mama,

164

духовник, отец духовный~ (92; 33). moZRuari moxmobil magaliTSi (i. 1, 38),

rogorc misi ebrauli eqvivalenti (rabi), `maswavlebels, damrigebels~

niSnavs.

abba/aba _ mama:

a b a, (abba, C) m a m a o Cemo, yovelive SesaZlebel ars Sen mier, mr.

14, 36 DE.

abba/aba: (ebr. , sir. aba, berZn. . es sityva semituri Ziris mqonea,

romlis etimologiuri mniSvneloba ucnobia. sazogadod aRniSnavs mamas,

wminda da sulier mamas; tomis, xalxis mamamTavars (6; 33; 139). mogvianebiT

ki pativiscemis gamomxatvel epiTetad iqca. ebraulidan berZnulSi

Semosuli axali aRTqmis wignebSi sinonimadaa naxmari -isa da

orive gverdi-gverd gamoiyeneba, rogorc sinonimuri wyvili (22, 144).

mama saerToqarTveluri *mam- Ziridan momdinareobs (65) da polisemiuri

leqsemaa. `mama ars RmerTi dambadeblobiTa, mama ars Semqmneli; mamad

iTqmnian moZRvari, mR(vr)deli, aRmzrdeli, ostati, gina kaci uxucesi~ (53;

91). dasaxelebul magaliTSi (mr. 14, 36) mama `moZRvars, maswavlebels~

gulisxmobs.

brZeni _ mecnieri:

dahfare ese b r Z e n T a g a n da m e c n i e r T a da

gamoucxade ese CCÂlTa, m. 11, 25 DEC.


brZeni momdinareobs saS. sparsuli sityvidan frazanak `brZeni, mecnieri~

(4, 296). brZeni ganimarteba, rogorc ,,didad Wkviani~ (53); `friad gonieri, anu

mecnieri, мудрый, премудрый~ (92; 6). brZens berZnulSi Seesatyviseba leqsema

`gonieri, brZeni, Wkviani~ (145; 127).

me-cn-ier-i qarTveluri *can-/cn- Ziris Semcvelia (65), rac niSnavs

`mcnobels~ (53). `swavluls, gamocdils swavlaTa Sina, учёный // nacnobs,

знакомый~ (92). Cveni masalis mixedviT mecnieri `mcodnes, swavluls~

niSnavs m. 11, 25 magaliTSi sinonimuri paralelizmis formiT warmodgenili

165

wyvili brZeni//mecnieri berZnulSi gadmoicema erTi leqsemiT

`gonieri, brZeni, Wkviani~ (127; 145).

b) sinonimur wyvilTa wevrebi sakuTriv qarTuli warmomavlobisaa

mcneba _ swavla _ moZRureba _ qadageba

mcneba _ moZRureba _ swavla:

dagitevebies m c n e b a Á RmrTisaM da gipyries m o Z R u r e b a Á

kacTaÁ, mr. 7, 8 DE;

dagitevebies m c n e b a Á RmrTisaM da gipyries s w a v l a Á

kacTaÁ, C.

ix agreTve: mr. 7, 9;

mcn-eb-a qarTveluri *mcen-/mcn- Ziris Semcveli leqsemaa, romlis

amosavali semantika aris `dabareba; Setyobineba~ (65). mcneba ramdenime

mniSvnelobas Seicavs: 1. `mcneba, sakuTrad: aTni saufloni mcnebani, RGTisa

mier micemulni mosesadmi, десять заповедей~; 2. `brZaneba, akrZalva~; 3.

`niSani~... mcneba dasaxelebul konteqstebSi (mr. 7, 8; 7, 9) uflis mier

danabareb àT mcnebas~ aRniSnavs, romelsac berZnulSi gadmoscems leqsema

`mcneba, aTi mcneba, brZaneba; Setyobineba~ (145; 168; 127).

swavla qarTveluri *waG- Ziridan momdinareobs (65) da ramdenime

mniSvnelobas Seicavs: swavla 1. àrs raM(c) ara icodes, uTxras da

swvarTos~; 2. `swavla ars qadageba~; 3. `xolo sxva swavla ars sakanonod

Soltis miReba, viTarca weril ars 2, 12 fsalm., 23, 16-22 luka: `vswavlo ege

da ganuteo~ (64; 92; 6; 33). swavlas berZnulSi gadmoscems leqsema

`swavla; darigeba, Wkuis swavleba; qadageba~ (122; 139).

mo-ZRu-r-eb-a, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, saerToqarTveluri *ZeRG-/ZRG-

Ziridan momdinareobs (65). moZRuari niSnavs `damrigebels, maswavlebels~,

xolo abstraqtuli saxeli moZRureba ki ganimarteba, rogorc `swavleba,

darigeba, учение, наставление, предание (92), romelsac berZnulSi efardeba

`swavla, darigeba, qadageba, moZRvreba; swavleba, rCeva-

darigeba~ (145; 168; 127). mcneba//moZRureba//swavla moxmobil konteqstebSi

erTi winadadebis farglebSi ixmarebian, romlebic ganirCevian Semdegi

166

mniSvnelobaTa niuansebiT. Tu mcneba RvTis mier danabareb aT mcnebas

aRniSnavs, moZRureba da swavla adamianis _ moZRvris, maswavleblis

`darigebas, swavlebas~ gulisxmobs.

swavla _ qadageba:

raJams daasrulna iesu brZanebani ese aTormetTa mimarT mowafeTa

TÂsTa, warvida mier q a d a g e b a d da s w a v l a d qalaqebsa missa,

m. 11, 1 DEC.

qadageba: 1. `maRlis xmiT swavleba~; 2. `ganTqma, xmis dagdeba~ (54; 92).

qadageba moxmobil konteqstSi pirvel mniSvnelobas `swavlas~ Seicavs. m. 11,

1 magaliTSi leqsemebi qadageba//swavla sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT

dasturdeba, sadac qadageba meti eqspresiuli Sinaarsis Semcvelia anu igi

maRali xmiT `swavlebas, moZRvrebas~ gulisxmobs.

borkili _ sakrveli _ jaWu:

mraval gzis j a W Â T a da b o r k i l i T a Sekrul iyo igi, mr.

5, 4 DE;

Seborkilian igi j a W Â T a da s a k r v e l i T a, C.


jaWu qarTuli *jaWG- Ziridan momdinareobs. `qarTuli jaWu- Ziris

megruli eqvivalentia Zewkv- (*Zowkv- umlautis Sedegad)~ (65). zogierTi

mkvlevari am sityvas megrul-Wanuridan nasesxebad miiCnevda (145, 29; 88, 129-

130; 52, 96-97; 136, 237), magram b. gigineiSvilis mtkicebiT, am sityvis zanizmad

miCneva gamarTlebuli ar aris da igi qarTuli warmomavlobisaa (17, 741).

jaWu ramdenime mniSvnelobas Seicavs. igi aris `rkinisa da sxvaTa

metallTagan Seqmnili Tvali an rgoli erTimeoreSi gayrilni abjarTa da

javSanTani, броня. // Sesaborkilebeli amgvaradve Seqmnili, цепь, верига. //

canda, qvabT sakidari. // Zewkvi, anu Siba TvalmargalitiT asxmuli gulzed

da mxarzed Camosavlebi, romelsa ewodebis maniaki da farRuli, цепь,

цепочка~ (91). moxmobil konteqstebSi jaWu niSnavs `borkils~ (6).

bork-il-i qarTveluri *bark- Ziridan momdinareobs `megruli *bork-

kanonzomierad Seesatyviseba bark- formas. megruli bork-il-i `fexi~...

167

borkil fuZe, romelic uZveles werilobiT ZeglebSia dadasturebuli,

megrulidan da lazuridan aris nasesxebi (18, 594). Zvel qarTulSi bark-al-

fuZe `fexsac~ aRniSnavda: igi kelobda barkliTa, Sesaq. 32, 33 O. misi

ZiriTadi mniSvneloba barkali Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi meoreuli Cans.

aRsaniSnavia, rom `Zvel qarTulSi borkil- sityvis sinonimia sakrveli~ (65).

borkili ganimarteba Semdegnairad: `ferxT Sesakravi~ (53); `fexT Sesakravi

jaWvi rkinisa~ (91).

sa-krv-el-i iwarmoeba `saerToqarTveluri *kar-/kr- zmnuri Ziridan~,

romlis semantikac `Sekvras~ ukavSirdeba. `Sekvris~ mniSvnelobiT efardeba

mas qarTvelur enaTa Zirebi megr. kir-, laz. kor-/kir- (65). sakrveli

ganimarteba, rogorc `Sesakravi~ (54); `raic ram Sesakravia, узы, оковы~ (91);

`borkili~ (6).

maSasadame, sinonimuri mimarTebebi sakuTriv qarTuli warmomavlobis

leqsemebs Soris gvaqvs. Cveni masalis mixedviT wyvilis pirveli wevri jaWu

aRniSnavs rkinis rgolebisagan damzadebul adamianis fizikuri moZraobis

SemzRudav sagans, xolo momdevno leqsemebi borkili//sakrveli

akonkreteben, rom es sagani gamoiyeneba fexebis Sesakravad. dasaxelebul

wyvilebs berZnulSi efardeba mxolod erTi leqsema `jaWvi~ (127; 145).

g) sinonimur wyvilTagan orive wevri nasesxebia

parafsidi _ pinaki:

ganswmed gareSesa sasumelisa da p a r a f s i d i s a da p i n a -

k i s a s a, m. 23, 25 K.

parafsidi//parafsiti nasesxebia berZnuli formidan da

ganimarteba, rogorc `langari, sini an Tasi, fiala, jami~ (127; 145);

`sakmevlis WurWeli~ (53); `pinaki, badia an sini, блюдо~ (91); `TefSi, WurWeli~

(33).

pinaki fardia berZnuli sityvisa , rac ganimarteba Semdegnairad:

`dafa, ficari, fodnosi, an langari~ (127; 145); `didi jami an TefSi xisa,

блюдо~ (91); `TefSi~ (6).

168

berZnulidan SeTvisebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi parafsidi da pinaki

sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT dasturdeba qarTuli oTxTavis ori bolo

redaqciis K nusxaSi, romelTac berZnulSi efardeba mxolod erTi leqsema

. isini orive `langars, jams aRniSnaven~, oRond pinaki xisgan

damzadebul `did jams~ aRniSnavs. iv. imnaiSvilis dakvirvebiT, oTxTavis am

adgilas jer erT-erTi amaTgani iyo, Semdeg moundomebiaT misi Secvla

meore sinonimuri caliT, igi miuweriaT gverdiT, magram pirvelis waSla da

amoReba daviwyebiaT da gadamwers orive forma gadauweria upretenziod (35,

359).

kinsoni _ xarki:

miCueneT me k i n s o n i s a Á x a r k i s a Á, m. 22 19 FG;

kinsoni laTinuri censos formidan momdinareobs (139). berZnulSi misi

Sesatyvisia `xarki~ (145; 127) forma. iv. imnaiSvilis dakvirvebiT,

èfTvimes, rogorc Cans, Tavis redaqciaSi jer kinsoni Seutania

uTargmnelad, Semdeg iqve miuweria misi Targmani _ xarkisaM, xolo

berZnuli kinsonisaÁ-s amoSla daviwyebia, an ubralod miuweria

gverdiT imis saCveneblad, rom amis Targmania `xarkisaM~-o da darCa merme

wauSleli~ (35; 87).

SesaZloa, leqsema kinsoni laTinurSi Tavdapirvelad fulis, monetis

saxeobas warmoadgenda, rogorc asari, kodrati da sxv. Savaraudoa, rom

xarkis gadaxda amgvari monetis (censos) saxiT xdeboda, xolo Semdgom mas

unda SesZenoda zogadad xarkis, `gadasaxadis~ mniSvneloba.

xarki ganimarteba, rogorc `sameufo xarji, debuleba, asaRebi (54; 91);

`gadasaxadi, gadasaxdeli~ (33). xarki araqarTuli warmoSobis mqone

sityvaa. maSasadame, igi romelime ucxo enidan unda iyos SeTvisebuli

qarTulSi.

zmnuri sinonimebis paralelurad xmarebisas wyvilis erT-erTi wevri,

umeteswilad meore, ufro meti gamomxatvelobiTi da espresiuli Sinaarsis

Semcvelia. tirilis semantikis Semcvel sinonimur zmnebSi dominanti wevria

169

tirili, xolo mwkrivis momdevno wevrebi eqspresiuli niSnis matebiT

emijnebian mas.

tirili _ godeba _ tyeba _ glova

tirili _ godeba _ tyeba:

misdevda mas simravle erisaÁ mis da dedebisaÁ romelni t i r o d e s

da e t y e b d e s mas, l. 23, 27 C;

Seudga mas simravlÀ erisaÁ da dedaTaÁ, romelni e t y e b d e s da

h g o d e b d e s, DE.

rameTu h s t i r o d e T da h g o d e b d e T Tquen, xolo

sofelsa uxarodis, i. 16, 20 DEC.

s t i r o d e s mas yovelni da e t y e b d e s, l. 8, 52 DEC.

tirili _ glova:

vaÁ Tquenda, romelni iciniT aw, rameTu i g l o v d e T da h s t i-

r o d i T, l. 6, 25 DEC.


tir-il-i: `tirilica esreT ganiyofebian: rameTu cremli ars uÃmo

oden cremlis dena; vaeba ars avajiTa da keTilis sityviTa satirals rasme

ityodes da cremleodes; godeba ars ÃmakeTilobiT zrun-SewyobiT gulis

satkivarTa sityvaTa mgosnoba...~ (54); `mwuxareba, gamoCenili cremlis

deniTa..., плач~ (91); `cremlva, moTqma~ (6). tirils berZnulSi Seesatyviseba

leqsema `tirili~ (127; 145).

god-eb-a ganimarteba, rogorc `SeÃmobiT tirili~ (53); `moTqmiT

tirili~ (91). godebas efardeba berZnulSi zmna `samgloviaro

simRera; moTqmiT tirili~ (127; 145).

ty-eb-a aris `moTqma TavSi cemiT; glova~ (6); `tirili piris xokiTa da

TavSi xelis SemokvriT~ (33). tyebas berZnulSi Seesatyviseba leqsema

`dartyma, cema; mwared atireba~ (127; 145).

gl-ov-a qarTveluri *gl- Ziridan momdinareobs. `qarTul gl- Zirs

Seesatyviseba megr. rg-.~ Sesatyvisobebi vlindeba aRniSnuli Zirebis

semantikaSic (65). glova èse ars samwuxarosa saqmesa zeda vaebiT, tiriliT

170

da SewuxebiT yof(n)a~ (54); `vaeba, tirili, плакать, сетовать~ (91); `datireba,

mglovareba~ (6). glovas efardeba berZnulSi leqsema `datireba,

sevdianoba, dardi~ (127; 145).

amdenad, sinonimuri rigis mTavari wevria tirili, xolo misi mewyvile

zmnebi godeba//tyeba//glova erTi konteqstis farglebSi miemarTebian mas

sinonimuri paralelizmis saxiT. romelTagan tirili eqspresiuli da

emociuri niSniT neitraluri leqsemaa, romelsac winadadebaSi pirveli

adgili uWiravs, xolo misi sinonimuri mewyvileebi mosdeven mas da ufro

aZliereben, eqspresiuli ZaliT warmoaCenen `mwuxarebis~ mniSvnelobas.

godeba `moTqmiT~, maRali xmiT tirils aRniSnavs; tyeba `piris xokiTa da

TavSi xelis SemokvriT~ tirils gamoxatavs; glova raime samwuxaro ambis

gamo `vaebiT~ tirils gulisxmobs.

eqspresiuli niSnis mateba SeiniSneba agreTve Cven mier zemoT

ganxilul SiSis da cemis semantikur jgufSi Semaval zmnebSi. paralelur

formaTagan SeSineba stilisturi TvalsazrisiT neitraluria, xolo

Zrwola//SeZrwuneba// damedgreba mosdeven mas da aZliereben eqspresiulad

SiSis mniSvnelobas. Zrwola//SeZrwuneba gamoxatavs `caxcaxiT~ SiSis

gancdas; damedgreba SiSisagan `dafrTxobas~ gulixmobs.

cemis semantikis Semcvel zmnebSi cema//tanjva sinonimuri

paralelizmis saxiT dasturdeba l. 20, 10 magaliTSi, sadac cema

neitraluria eqspresiuli TvalsazrisiT, xolo misi momdevno leqsema

tanjva meti eqspresiulobiT gamoirCeva, romelic Seubraleblad fizikur

zemoqmedebas `gamaTraxebas~ aRniSnavs.

sinonimebis paralelurad xmarebis SemTxvevebi dasturdeba, agreTve

zemoT ganxilul sxvadasxva semantikur jgufSi Semaval leqsemebSi. aseTi

wyvilebia: sneuleba//uZlureba (m. 10, 1); sneuleba//araZleba (m. 4, 23);

sneuleba// salmoba (l. 7, 21); sixaruli//mxiaruleba (l. 1, 14; 1, 28);

sixaruli//Sueba (l. 15, 32); sixaruli//gancxroma (l. 15, 25); saxioba//pariT

mRera (l. 15, 25); mofarduli//msyideli (m. 21, 12); msxuerpli//Sesawiravi (mr.

12, 39); msxuerpli//mrguliad dasawuveli (mr. 12, 39); pasqa//vneba//ucomoeba (l.

22, 7; l. 22, 1). brZeni//mecnieri//mwignobari (m. 11, 25; l. 10, 21; m. 23, 34);

171

keTili//saxieri (l. 8, 15; 19, 17); tilo//ardagi (l. 24, 12; i. 19, 40; 20, 6; 7);

mislva//miaxleba (l. 24, 15); moslva//moaxleba (l. 15, 25);

moyvaneba//warmodgineba...

cxadia, warmodgenili masaliT ar amoiwureba oTxTavis teqstSi

arsebuli leqsikuri sinonimebi. zemoganxiluli erTeulebi warmoadgenen

mxolod nawils im sinonimuri leqsikisa, romelic saxarebaSi dasturdeba.

rogorc aRiniSna, teqstSi yvelaze meti raodenobiT sinonimuri zmnebi

moipoveba, romlebic sxvadasxva semantikur jgufebSi erTiandebian.

4.14. sxvadasxva semantikur jgufSi gaerTianebuli sinonimuri rigis

zmnebi (masala mxolod adgilis miTiTebiT).

uwyeba//rquma//cnobeba//Txroba//miTxroba//rwmuneba//moswaveba:

uwyeba//rquma, i. 15, 15; uwyeba//cnobeba, l. 2, 15; uwyeba//Txroba, i. 11, 57;

miTxroba//Txroba, m. 28, 11; uwyeba//rwmuneba, l. 16, 28; uwyeba//moswaveba, i. 12,

33.

mixedva//mimoxedva//mimoxilva//mimodaxilva//mimodastuanva//gancda:

mixedva// mimoxilva, mr. 3, 5; mixedva//mimodaxilva, mr. 3, 34; mixedva//gancda, m.

6, 28; mimoxedva//mimodastuanva, mr. 5, 32; mimoxilva//mimodaxilva, mr. 9, 8.

dateveba//miteveba//ganteveba//daSToma//dagdeba//dabneva//dageba//winadageba//

dafena: dateveba//miteveba, mr. 14, 52; dateveba//ganteveba, m. 19, 9; dateveba//

daSToma, mr. 12, 20; 12, 21; 12, 22; dateveba//dagdeba, m. 27, 46; mr. 15, 34;

dateveba//miSueba, i. 11, 48; dagdeba//dabneva, m. 27, 5; mr. 10, 50; dagdeba//dadeba,

m. 15, 26; winadageba, l. 10, 8; dafena, mr. 11, 8.

miReba//moReba//gamoReba//mogeba//Sewynareba//gemos xilva//qoneba//aRÃoca

//TanamiReba//moxuma//aRnTeba//aRteveba//mogeba//mokueTa//aRReba:

miReba//moReba, m. 19, 29; mr. 10, 30; l. 18, 30; miReba//gamoReba, m. 17, 25;

miReba//mogeba, m. 10, 9; miReba//Sewynareba, m. 10, 41; 13, 20; mr. 4, 16; i. 3, 32; 3, 33;

miReba//gemos xilva, m. 27, 34; miReba//qoneba, l. 3, 15; 23, 26; i. 3, 16; 3, 36; 5, 24;

6, 40; 8, 12; miReba//aRÃoca, i. 11, 48; miReba//TanamiReba, mr. 8, 14;

moReba//moxuma, m. 27, 59; mr. 8, 6; i. 6, 11; moReba//mokueTa, mr. 6, 27;

mokueTa//aRReba, i. 15, 2; moxuma//aRnTeba, m. 25, 1; moxuma//aRteveba, mr. 4, 32.

172

dgoma//dadgoma//dadgroma//modgoma//wardgoma//Tana-dgoma//yofna//geba:

dgoma //dadgoma, m. 3, 31; i. 7, 37; 21, 4; dgoma//dadgroma, l. 1, 22; dgoma//

modgoma, i. 11, 42; dgoma//wardgoma, m. 27, 11; dgoma//Tanadgoma, mr. 15, 39;

dgoma//yofna, i. 2, 6; dgoma//geba, mr. 12, 34.

cxovneba//cxoreba//gancocxleba//ganrineba//Ãsna: cxovneba//gancocxleba,

l. 15, 24; cxovneba//ganrineba, mr. 13, 20; l. 23, 35; cxoreba//ganrineba, m. 16, 25;

mr. 8, 35; cxoreba//Ãsna, i. 3, 17; 4, 22; 12, 47; ganrineba//Ãsna, m. 27, 40; mr. 15, 30;

i. 12, 27.

teveba//cadeba//ufleba//miteveba//ganteveba//dateveba: teveba//miteveba, i.

12, 7; teveba//cadeba, m. 8, 22; teveba//ufleba, 24, 43; mr. 1, 34; 5, 19; 11, 16;

miteveba//ganteveba, l. 23, 25; miteveba//dateveba, mr. 10, 2;

ganteveba//aRmoteveba, l. 23, 46; i. 9, 30.

ganSoreba//ganyeneba//ganyra//ganvToma//ganrCeva: ganSoreba//ganyeneba, m. 9,

24; 10, 9; 19, 6; mr. 6, 7; ganSoreba//ganyra, mr. 1, 42; l. 24, 51;

ganSoreba//ganvToma, l. 12, 43; ganSoreba//ganrCeva, m. 13, 49.

inaÃiT-jdoma//inaÃiT-dgoma//inaÃiT-mjdomare//meinaÃe//Tana-meinaÃe// da-

sxdoma//dajdoma//mÃnisTaoba//zemojdoma: inaÃiT-jdoma//inaÃiT dasxdoma, mr.

6, 39; 8, 6; inaÃiT-jdoma//inaÃiT-dgoma, m. 9, 19; 26, 7; 20; mr. 14, 3; l. 24, 30;

inaÃiT-jdoma//mÃnisTaoba, mr. 12, 38; inaÃiT-mjdomare//meinaÃe, i. 13, 28;

inaÃiT-dgoma//dajdoma, l. 17, 7; inaÃiT-dgoma//dasxdoma, mr. 6, 40; 14, 18

inaÃiT-dasxdoma//dasxdoma, mr. 6, 38; 8, 6; meinaÃe//TanameinaÃe, m. 14, 9; mr. 6,

22.

Seracxa//yofa//pyroba//qoneba//goneba//ganzraxva: Seracxa//yofa, l. 15, 19;

Seracxa//pyroba, m. 14, 5; Seracxa//qoneba, m. 21, 46; Seracxa//goneba, i. 16, 2;

Seracxa//ganzraxva, i. 11, 50.

gankiTxva//gansja//dasja//sasjeli: gankiTxva//gansja, m. 19, 28; gankiTxva//

dasja, l. 16, 37; i. 18, 31; gankiTxva//sasjeli, i. 8, 26.

darRueva//ganrRueva//daÃsna//daÃsnili//ganqarveba: darRueva//daÃsna, i. 2,

19; m. 27, 40; ganrRueuli//daÃsnili, m. 9, 2; 9, 6; daÃsna//ganqarveba, i. 7, 23.

cnoba//gulisÃmis-yofa//gamocda//uwyeba//goneba//Sewynareba//codna//

grZnoba//moÃseneba//mogoneba//swaveba//sibrZne//gulisÃma//gulis dadeba:

173

cnoba//gulisÃmis-yofa, m. 9, 4; mr. 5, 30; 6, 33; 8, 17; 12, 12; l. 1, 22; 2, 50; i.

7, 17; 7, 51; 8, 27; 28; 32; 10, 6; mr. 2, 8; 6, 33; 13, 14; i. 10, 33; 13, 28; 16, 18; 16, 9; 11;

cnoba//gamocda, m. 16, 3; cnoba//goneba, mr. 5, 29; cnoba//Sewynareba, i. 17, 8;

cnoba//codna, i. 13, 17; uwyeba//codna, m. 6, 8; 6, 32; 24, 36; 13, 32; 22, 16; 20, 22; 24,

42; 25, 13; 24, 43; mr. 6, 20; 9, 6; 12, 15; 11, 33; 12, 14; 13, 35; 13, 33; 14, 40; i. 2, 9; 2,

24; 3, 2; 7, 28; 5, 13; 6, 64; 9, 30; 11, 57; 9, 20; 9, 29; 14, 4; 12, 35; 13, 1; 13, 3; 13, 11;

14, 5; 15, 15; 16, 18; 18, 21; 21, 12; 21, 24; 19, 10; 19, 35; 24, 25; l. 16, 15;

uwyeba//cnoba, m. 24, 29; l. 1, 18; i. 8. 52; 13, 7; 13, 35; 14, 20; 17, 7; 17, 23; 21, 4;

21, 17; cnoba//codna//uwyeba, i. 14, 7; cnoba//grZnoba, mr. 9, 30; uwyeba//grZnoba,

m. 9, 30; gulisÃmis-yofa//grZnoba, m. 26, 10; gulisÃmis-yofa//uwyeba, mr. 13, 29;

i. 5, 6; 10, 38; gulisÃmis-yofa//mogoneba, l. 2, 17; gulisÃmis-yofa//swaveba, mr.

13, 28; l. 1, 4; gulisÃmis-yofa//sibrZne, l. 2, 47; gulisÃmis-yofa//gulisÃma,

mr. 12, 33; gulisÃmis-yofa//gulis dadeba, l. 2, 19.

Ãel-wifeba//Zleba//SeZleba//Zal-deba//SesaZlebel-yofa//jer-yofa// geba//

adgil-geba//Seugvanebel-yofa//Rireba//cal//qmna: Ãel-wifeba//Zleba, m. 12, 34; i.

5, 44; Ãel-wifeba//SeZleba, m. 12, 29; 19, 25; mr. 2, 7; 2, 19; 3, 23; 3, 24; 3, 25; 3, 26;

3, 27; 5, 3; 9, 3; 10, 26; l. 16, 13; i. 3, 27; 6, 52; 6, 60; 9, 16; 10, 21; Ãel-wifeba//geba,

m. 9, 15; i. 10, 35; Ãel-wifeba//floba, mr. 3, 15; 6, 7; i. 19, 10; Ãel-wifeba//jer-

yofa, m. 20, 15; Ãel-wifeba//SesaZlebel-yofa, m. 10, 28; Ãel-wifeba//qmna, mr. 6,

5; i. 9, 4; Ãel-wifeba//cal, mr. 3, 20; SeZleba//Zleba, m. 17, 19; l. 13, 24; i. 11, 37;

14, 30; SeZleba//Zal-deba, m. 9, 28; 26, 53; 26, 61; mr. 8, 4; l. 3, 8; i. 8, 43; 15, 5;

SeZleba//Rireba, m. 26, 9; Zal-deba//Zleba, m. 20, 22; mr. 9, 22; 9, 23; 10, 38; 10, 39;

geba//adgil-geba, m. 17, 11; geba//Seugvanebel-yofa, l. 17, 1; geba//SesaZlebel-

yofa, i. 3, 9; SesaZlebel-yofa//jer-yofa, mr. 15, 5; jer-yofa//Rireba, m. 18, 33;

i. 4, 20; 4, 24; 23, 23; 27, 6.

yofa//qmna//saqme//Seqmna//goneba//gamoCineba//sworeba//cema//sasyidel-yofa//

mo-yida//Seracxa//wrfel-yofa//Ãmis-yofa//saswaul-

yofa//warmarTeba//Tqma//mowodeba// jer-yofa//saswaulis xilva: yofa//qmna, m.

20, 12; 21, 21; 21, 43; 23, 5; mr. 1, 17; 5, 33; 6, 5; 7, 13; 7, 37; 9, 39; 14, 9; l. 2, 48; 1,

25; i. 2, 11; 4, 54; i. 6, 30; 7, 4; 11, 47; 8, 29; 10, 41; 11, 47; 13, 27; 14, 31; 20, 20;

yofa//saqme, i. 3, 2; 8, 44; 9, 16; 9, 33; yofa//Seqmna, i. 2, 16; yofa//goneba, i. 8, 53;

174

yofa//cema, m. 24, 24; mr. 13, 22; yofa//Serisxva, l. 15, 19; yofa//Tqma, i. 11, 42;

yofa//dadgroma, i. 10, 40; yofa// gamoCineba, i. 11, 33; qmna//saqme, i. 5, 19;

qmna//Seqmna, m. 10, 16, i. 1, 10; 9, 11; qmna//SeTxzva, i. 12, 2; Ãmis-yofa//mowodeba, m.

20, 32; saswaulis yofa//saswaulis xilva, l. 23, 8.

1. mwuxareba//zrunva//Wiri//iwroeba//vneba//tanjva//guema//saareba// urva//

uZlureba//dawuxeba//Sewuxeba//SeWuvneba//SeWirveba//Seurveba//Sezruneba:

2. zrunva//urva//Sewuxeba//Wirveba//mwuxareba//gulis sityua//dasuleba

//gulis Tquma//wadili//ndoma:

3. zraxva//Tquma//rquma//ganzraxva//zraxvis yofa//gulis zraxva//gulis

sityua// zrunva: mwuxareba//zrunva, mr. 14, 19; mwuxareba//zrunva//urva, m. 26,

37; zrunva//Wiri, m. 22, 16; mr. 4, 38; 12, 4; Wiri//vneba, m. 27, 19; Wiri//iwroeba, i.

16, 33; urva//saareba, mr. 6, 48;

saareba//tanjva, l. 16, 24; 16, 25; urva//guema, mr. 7, 25; urvili//uZluri,

l. 6, 18; zrunva//zraxva, mr. 13, 11; zraxva//zraxvis-yofa, mr. 3, 6;

zraxva//rquma, mr. 9, 4; zraxva//ganzraxva, mr. 2, 6; 8, 17; 8, 18; l. 6, 11; zraxvis-

yofa//rquma, m. 21, 38; zraxva//gulis-sityua, l. 24, 38;

gulis sityua//zraxva, mr. 7, 21; gulis sityua//gulis Tquma, m. 13, 17;

gulis sityua//wadili, l. 15, 16; gulis sityua//dasuleba, mr. 14, 33; gulis

Tquma//wadili, l. 17, 22; wadili//ndoma, l. 23, 8.

4. ganzraxva//ganracxa//Seracxa//dakÂreba//gonebas modgoma: ganzraxva//

ganracxa, l. 14, 31; ganzraxva//Seracxa, i. 11, 50; ganzraxva// gonebas modgoma,

l. 11, 17; ganzraxva//dakÂreba, l. 24, 4.

mogeba//migeba//geba//adgil-geba//miReba//momarTeba//sityua// sityÂs-geba//

sityÂs migeba//sityÂs mirTuma//miTxroba//gancocxleba//gancxoveleba//

cxoneba//gankur-neba: mogeba//migeba, mr. 12, 34; 14, 60; mogeba//geba//adgil geba,

m. 17, 11; mr. 9, 12; mogeba//miReba, m. 10, 9; mogeba//momarTeba, l. 15, 17;

mogeba//sityua, mogeba// gancocxleba, m. 12, 13; gancocxleba//gancxoveleba, i.

7, 23; gancocxleba// cxomeba, l. 15, 24; gancocxleba//gankurneba, i. 5, 9;

migeba//sityÂs-geba, m. 22, 46; 26, 62; mr. 14, 40; i. 19, 9; sityÂs-geba//sityÂs

migeba, l. 20, 26; sityÂs-geba//Ãdoma i. 2, 24; 19, 12; sityÂs mirTuma//miTxroba,

i. 1, 22.

175

moZRureba//swaveba//swavla//ganswavla//mcneba//sityua//Cueneba//moReba:

moZRu- reba//swaveba, i. 9, 34; mr. 1, 22; 7, 7; 7, 13; moZRureba//swavla, m. 15, 2;

mr. 7, 8; 1, 27; swavla//ganswavla, l. 23, 16; i. 6, 45; swaveba//mcneba, mr. 7, 7;

swaveba//sityua, i. 18, 21; swaveba//Cueneba, l. 3, 7; swaveba//moReba, mr. 7, 4.

risxva//ganrisxeba//Serisxva//gulis=wyroma//gulis ganwyroma//yeneba:

risxva //ganrisxeba, i. 11, 38; risxva//Serisxva, m. 19, 13; risxva//gulis-wyroma,

mr. 4, 41; 14, 4; risxva//yeneba, mr. 10, 13; ganrisxeba//gulis ganwyoba, m. 20, 24;

21, 16; ganrisxeba//gulis ganwyroma, m. 26, 8.

Seiwreba//SeWirveba//SeWuvneba//Seurveba//Sewuxeba//Sezruneba: Seiwreba//

SeWirveba, mr. 5. 31; Seiwreba//Seurveba, l. 5, 24; SeWuvneba// Sewuxeba, m. 26, 38;

Sewuxeba//Sezruneba, m. 17, 23; Sewuxeba//dawuxeba, mr. 10, 22.

dumeba//dadumeba//piris dayofa//piris dakrva//utyuad dadgroma: dumeba//

dadumeba, l. 19, 39; 19, 40; 20, 26; dumeba//piris dakra, m. 22, 12; dadumeba//piris

dayofa, mr. 4, 39; dadumeba//utyuad dadgoma, l. 1, 22...

176

daskvniTi debulebebi

sinonimia enis leqsikur-semantikuri sistemis erT-erTi Semadgeneli

nawilia, romelic yvela enaSi arsebobs da enobriv universalias

warmoadgens. igi nebismieri formiT sinqroniul aspeqtSi ganixileba.

sinonimTa ganxilvisas ZiriTad kriteriums warmoadgens sityvaTa

saerTo (ideografiuli) mniSvnelobebi. aseTi sityvebi aucileblad erT

cnebasTan unda iyvnen Tavsebadi.

1. Cven vaanalizebT leqsemebs Soris sinonimur mimarTebas ZiriTadad

qarTuli oTxTavis or Zvel da or bolo redaqciebSi da amdenad, misi

ganxilva Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikur masalaze xorcieldeba.

2. oTxTavis teqstSi gamovlenil leqsikur sinonimTa umravlesobas

Seadgens zmnebi. Tumca masalis siuxve maTi sruli ganxilvis

SesaZleblobas ar iZleva. agreTve, didi raodenobiT dasturdeba

sityvaTwarmoebiT miRebul sinonimTa jgufebi. SedarebiT mcire raodenobiT

moipoveba arsebiTis, zedsarTavis da metyvelebis sxva nawilTa sinonimuri

mwkrivebi.

3. oTxTavSi gamoyofili leqsikuri sinonimebi jgufdeba sinonimur

mwkrivebSi. yoveli sinonimuri mwkrivis wevrebi identificirdebian

dominantasTan _ semantikurad ufro martiv, stilisturad SedarebiT

neitralur da sintaqsurad naklebad `mdgrad~ wevrTan.

sinonimTa Soris gansxvavebani or ZiriTad saxeobamde daiyvaneba. es

gvaZlevs sinonimebis klasificirebis saSualebas semantikur (ideografiul),

stilistur da semantikur-stilistur sinonimebad.

4. Cveni masalis mixedviT dadasturebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi

nawilobrivi, relatiuri sinonimebia, romlebsac saerTo mniSvneloba aqvT

da gansxvavdebian niuansebiT. niuansad moiazreba sinonimTa diferencialuri

komponenti. sinonimTa diferencialuri komponentebi _ es aris minimaluri

elementebi, romlebic leqsikur-semantikur variantebs qmnian. es is niSnebia,

romelTa gamokveTasac cdilobs sityvaSi adamiani, Cvens SemTxvevaSi ki

177

saxarebis mTargmneli. amitom, cnebaTa sruli damTxveva ar gvaqvs arc erTi

metyvelebis nawilis doneze, rac oTxTavis teqstSi e.w. àbsoluturi

sinonimiis~ arsebobas kiTxvis niSnis qveS svams.

5. polisemia da sinonimia: sinonimia, rogorc zogadenobrivi

universalia, mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli iseT zogadenobriv universaliasTan,

rogoricaa polisemia. es kavSiri ganpirobebulia imiT, rom polisemiuri

sityvis mniSvnelobaTa gamijvna xdeba sinonimTa Sepirispirebisas, xolo

sinonimuri mwkrivis gansazRvra, Tavis mxriv, damokidebulia imaze, Tu

rogor gaemijneba erTmaneTs polisemiuri sityvis mniSvnelobebi.

sityvis polisemiuri struqturidan gamomdinare, sinonimebis

Sepirispirebisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba sityvis azrobrivi struqturis

minimaluri elementebi _ leqsikur-semantikuri variantebi (lsv-ebi).

polisemiuri sityvebi sinonimuri xdebian TavianTi erT-erTi mniSvnelobiT,

sxva mniSvnelobebiT ki SeiZleba gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisagan.

sinonimTa warmoqmna sxvadasxva saSualebiT xdeba. naSromSi yuradReba

gamaxvilebulia sinonimTa warmoSobis iseT wyaroebze, rogoricaa:

sityvaTwarmoeba, sityvis sesxeba, tabu da evfemizmi.

6. sityvaTwarmoeba oTxTavis leqsikuri sinonimebiT gamdidrebis erT-

erTi ZiriTadi saSualebaa. sinonimuri mniSvnelobis derivaciuli afiqsebi

erTvian msgavsi semantikis mqone fuZeebs, romlebsac ukavSirdeba amosavali

leqsemis sagnobrivi mniSvneloba da viRebT iseT semantikur jgufebs,

rogoricaa: sinonimuri mniSvnelobis abstraqtuli, qonebis, uqonlobis,

daniSnulebis, xelobis... saxelebi.

sinonimuri rigebis gamdidreba xdeba agreTve mimReoburi leqsikiTac,

sadac gamoiyofa yvela drois da gvaris mimReobani.

6.1. kompozicia: mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs saxarebis sinonimur

sistemaSi kompozitur leqsikas. sinonimur wyvilebSi vxvdebiT, rogorc

qarTuli warmomavlobis, ise berZnul-qarTuli da somxur-qarTuli

Sedgenilobis Txzul sityvebs. kompoziciiT warmoqmnili sinonimuri

leqsemebi ufro meti intensiobiT, eqspresiulobiT gamoirCevian, vidre maTi

mewyvile martivi sityvebi.

178

7. sesxeba: siuxviTa da mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva oTxTavis teqstis

nasesxebi leqsika. sesxeba upirvelesad ganpirobebulia Targmanis uSualo

gavleniT da aseve zepiri gziTac. sinonimebs sxvadasxva enidan nasesxebi

leqsika maSin warmoqmnis, roca mimReb enaSi ukve arsebobs imave cnebis

aRmniSvneli erTeulebi. magram saxarebis teqstSi dasturdeba iseTi

SemTxvevebic, roca nasesxeb sityvebs qarTuli eqvivalentebi ar eZebneba.

oTxTavSi gvxvdeba berZnuli, ebrauli, somxuri, iranuli enebidan

nasesxebi enobrivi erTeulebi, romlebic miemarTebian qarTul

ekvivalentebs da sinonimur wyvilebsa Tu rigebs qmnian. cnebaTa sruli

damTxveva nasesxebi leqsikis Semcvel sinonimur wyvilebSic ar dasturdeba,

radgan zogi ucxouri sityva polisemiuria da romelime konkretuli

mniSvnelobiT, anu erT-erTi lsv-iT aris Semosuli qarTulSi. zog maTganSi

semantikuri niuansebi ikveTeba, zogic ki stilisturi TvalsazrisiT

ixmareba da teqstis mxatvrul gaformebas emsaxureba.

8. tabu da evfemizmi: sinonimTa warmoqmnis erT-erT wyaros sityvis

tabu da misi evfemiurad monacvle leqsika warmoadgens. saxarebaSi amgvari

SemTxvevebi dasturdeba `sicocxlis Sewyvetis~ semantikis Semcvel zmnur

sinonimebSi. teqstis mTargneli Tu gadamweri Tavs aridebs

sikudili//moklva// mokudineba leqsemebis xmarebas da konteqstSi maT iseT

evfemiur erTeulebs unacvlebs, rogoricaa: aRsruleba//gardacvaleba//

Sesueneba//daZineba//sulis aRmobera//sulis ganteveba da sxv. amgvari sityve-

biT Serbilebulad aris gadmocemuli is grZnoba, rac sityva sikudilis

xmarebas Tan axlavs.

9. sinonimuri paralelizmi: oTxTavSi gvxvdeba calkeuli redaqciis

farglebSi erTmaneTis gverdiT sinonimTa paraleluri xmarebis SemTxvevebi.

amgvari movlena literaturaSi `sinonimur paralelizmad~ moixsenieba. erT

garkveul konteqstSi erTmaneTis gverdigverd naxmari sinonimur wyvilTa

calebi xSir SemTxvevaSi damazustebel rols asruleben da mravalmxriv

axasiaTeben cnebas. ganxilulia sinonimTa paralelurad xmarebis Semdegi

SemTxvevebi: a) sinonimur wyvilTagan erTi wevri ucxouri warmomavlobisaa,

xolo meore sakuTari enis fondis kuTvnilebas warmoadgens; b) sinonimuri

179

wyvilis orive wevri sakuTriv qarTuli warmoSobisaa; g) sinonimuri

wyvilis orive wevri nasesxebia. sinonimTa paraleluri formiT xmareba

teqstSi umeteswilad mxatvruli mizniT aris ganpirobebuli, rac

gadmosacemi Sinaarsis gaZlierebas da emociur gamoxatvas emsaxureba.

10. mniSvnelovan Sedegebs iZleva oTxTavis teqstis sinonimuri

leqsikis ganxilva berZnul teqstTan mimarTebaSi. xSirad sinonimuri

mniSvnelobis leqsemebi erTi konkretuli redaqciis farglebSi ixmareba.

berZnul teqstSi naxmari erTi da igive sityva Sesabamis qarTul TargmanSi

mgavsi Sinaarsis mqone ramdenime leqsikuri saSualebiT gadmoicema, rac

aadvilebs maT Soris sinonimurobis dadgenas.

ufro zedmiwevnilobiTa da sizustiT berZnul leqsemebs adiSis

redaqciis leqsika gadmoscems, radgan aRniSnuli redaqciis avtori ufro

kargad icnobs berZnuli sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis mniSvnelobebs.

11. oTxTavSi yvelaze vrclad zmnuri sinonimebi arian warmodgenili,

radgan zmnis semantika sxva metyvelebis nawilebTan SedarebiT ufro tevadi

da moqnilia.

zmnuri sinonimuri rigebis ageba konkretuli leqsemebis leqsikur

komponentebad daSlas efuZneba. yoveli axali leqsikuri erTeuli amgvar

komponentTa matebiT miiReba. dominanturi sayrdeni leqsema semantikur-

stilisturi neitralurobiT da araeqspresiulobiT xasiaTdeba, xolo

masTan sinonimur rigSi Semavali wevrebi semantikur-diferencialuri

niSnebiT ganirCevian ZiriTadi leqsemisagan.

oTxTavis sinonimur sistemaSi warmodgenili zmnebi erTiandebian

sxvadasxva semantikur jgufebSi da amis mixedviT aris ganxiluli. Esenia:

moZraobis, mdgomareobis, sicocxlis Sewyvetis, SiSis, cemis, xilvis,

motacebis, dacinvis, gatexis, dabnevis... semantikur jgufSi Semavali

leqsemebi. yvelaze vrclad moZraoba-gadaadgilebis Semcveli sinonimuri

zmnebia warmodgenili. am jgufis ZiriTadi sayrdeni Ziria val-/Ged-/Gid.

masze sxvadasxva zmniswinebis darTviT viRebT moslva, mislva, ganslva,

gamoslva, aRslva, da sxv. formebs, romlebic Tav-Tavisi sinonimuri

rigisaTvis ZiriTad, dominantur leqsemebs warmoadgenen, xolo sinonimur

180

mwkrivSi Semavali TiToeuli wevri sxvadasxva azrobrivi niuansebiT Tu

eqspresiuli niSnebiT emijneba maT. msgavsi viTarebaa sxva semantikur

jgufebSi gaerTianebul sinonimur zmnebSic.

12. oTxTavis redaqciebSi gamovlenili sinonimuri mniSvnelobis

leqsikis warmoCineba da ganxilva SeZlebisdagvari sisruliT pirvelad

xorcieldeba aRniSnul naSromSi. saxarebis teqstSi da saerTod Zveli

qarTuli enis ZeglebSi leqsikuri sinonimiis problemis kvleva vrcel

masalaze dayrdnobiT SemdgomSi ufro farTo Sewavlas saWiroebs.

181

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183

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184

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185

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186

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