Muslim Violence Against Buddhists-thailand

8/7/2019 Muslim Violence Against Buddhists-thailand

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MUSLIM VIOLENCE AGAINST BUDDHISTSIN THAILAND

Dr. Daya Hewapathirane

Buddhists account for about 95% of the population of Thailand andmost foreigners refer to it as the Land of Yellow Robes. Buddhism

has been the established religion or spiritual force in Thailand formany centuries, according to some historic sources, since the 9thcentury, and therefore has had a marked influence on the lives of thepeople of Thailand. Buddhism has been the main spring from whichflow its culture and philosophy, its art and literature, its ethics andmorality, and many of its folkways and festivals. There are more than21,000 Buddhist shrines and monasteries scattered throughout thecountry. Thailand is a country where the king is constitutionallystipulated to be a Buddhist and the upholder of Buddhism. All theThai kings in the recorded history of present-day Thailand have beenadherents of Buddhism.

Thailand is one of those rare countries in South and Southeast Asiawhich was not under European colonial powers at any time in itshistory and therefore not subject in the past to the influence ofCatholicism or Christianity.

A SMALL MINORITY OF MUSLIMS

Muslims account for a mere 4.6% of population. About two-third ofMuslims in Thailand are ethnically Malay and the balance consistsare those who have migrated to Thailand from China, Malaysia,

Indonesia, Pakistan, Cambodia, Myanmar and Bangladesh. TheMalay Muslims of Thailand are concentrated mostly in thesouthernmost provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, Songkhla andChumphon. Their language is a dialect of the Malay language. Mostof the non-Malay Muslims are scattered here and there in Thailandwith a concentration in Bangkok. Northern Thailand is home to someBurmese, Pakistani and mixed Muslims. In the far North and in some
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Central and Southern urban centres there are some Thai Muslims ofChinese Hui origin.

Most of Thailands Muslims consider themselves to belong to theSunni branch of Islam and almost all mosques are associated withSunni Islam. However, the Islamic faith in Thailand has becomeintegrated with many beliefs and practices not integral to Islam. In

the South, animistic practices indigenous to Malay culture are mixedwith Islam. There are 3,494 mosques in Thailand with the largestnumber in Pattani province in the South. There are more than 200Muslim schools in Thailand.

ISLAMIC SEPARATIST INSURGENCY

A separatist insurgency is taking place in Southern Thailand,particularly in the Pattani region which is made up of threesouthernmost provinces. Its beginnings were evident in the latter halfof the 20th century and in recent decades; Muslim separatists have

increasingly and openly rallied against the central government ofThailand, accusing the government of ethnic-religious bias,discrimination and corruption.

In recent years Islamic extremists have been spreading fear amongthe indigenous Buddhists of the region, using violence and brutality.They have resorted to the random killing of Buddhists, includingschool teachers and Buddhist monks. Also, they have murderedMuslims working in public institutions in Southern Thailand and thosewho are suspected to be supportive of the Thai Government andmembers of the Thai Military forces. A brutal attack on a Buddhist

temple in the town of Pattani in 2005 is seen as an attempt bymilitants to deepen the religious divide between Muslims andBuddhists in Thailand's deep South. About 20 insurgents stormedthe Promprasith Temple in Pattani's Panare district, armed withassault rifles, knives, machetes, fireworks and petrol. They thenhacked a 76-year-old monk to death while two teenage templenovices died in the hail of gunfire. The temple was set ablaze. Thenews from Promprasith came as a shock to the rest of Thailand.Muslims and Buddhists had lived in this area in harmony and peacefor a long time. Buddhists here never had any conflict with theirMuslim neighbors. The militants appear to be outsiders who want to

create a rift between Buddhists and Muslims. The increasedoccurrence of violence in the South has been spilling over into otherprovinces as well.

During 2000, authorities responded with military force and legalaction to separatist activity in the south. In February 2000, securityforces dealt a severe blow to the New Pattani United LiberationOrganization, a Muslim separatist group and killed its leader whowas responsible for 90 percent of the terrorist activities in Narathiwat,
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a southern Thai province. In 2004, the Thai government officiallyrecognized attacks in Thailand as terrorist acts performed by thevarious insurgent groups that were in the country.

INCREASING TREND IN VIOLENCE

Although separatist violence has occurred for decades in the southern

region, the campaign escalated in 2004. Over 4300 lives have been lostsince the year 2004 owing to Islamic insurgency. Buddhist monkshave been beheaded, children killed and civilians attacked. Morethan 500 people have been killed in 2004 in three southern Thaiprovinces. Massive killings occurred throughout the mid to late 2000sand as of 2010, nearly 4,000 people had been killed due to insurgentviolence. The death toll has increased to 2,579 by mid-September 2007and surpassed 3000 in March 2008. By the end of 2010, insurgency-related violence had increased. In the first few weeks of January in 2011nine Buddhists have been killed in Southern Thailand by Islamic terrorists.In a separate attack four members of Thai armed forces have been killed.Many Buddhists have left their traditional home in Southern Thailand inorder to escape the ongoing Islamic insurgency.

According to Lee Jay Walker (www.theseoultimes.com) writing toThe Modern Tokyo Times, under the title Islamic Terrorists kill moreBuddhists in Southern Thailand, states that Southern Thailandresembles modern day Afghanistan and Somalia because in boththese nations the radical Sunni Islamists show their extremeintolerance of other faiths. In addition to Buddhists, moderateMuslims are also being killed by radical Sunni Islamic fanatics ofSouthern Thailand. The methodology of killing is intended to spreadfear to all who oppose the Islamization of Southern Thailand.

GRUESOME NATURE OF VIOLENCE

Professor Thitinan Pongsudhirak, a Professor of InternationalRelations at Bangkok's Chulalongkorn University says "Thegruesome fashion of beheadings of Buddhists by Muslim assailants... is not normal violence" "it is driven by deep animosity andhatred." Muslim extremists believe that violence, including killingcivilians, is justified as a means to restore sharia or Islamic law andmaintain Islamic cultural identity. According to the adherents of thisbrand of Islamist activism, they are engaged in a jihad or a holy

struggle against Islams enemies, including even fellow Muslims whohave abandoned what the extremists view as true Islam.

HATE LITERATURE AGAINST BUDDHISTS

One approach that these extremists use in Southern Thailand is thedistribution of hate literature in the form of pamphlets, against theBuddhists. They are meant to intimidate the local Buddhist
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community. They are also used a warning mechanisms. One suchDocument states "Dear every Siamese Buddhist Thai who lives nearthe police stationsI'll give you three days for you to leave myland. Otherwise, I will kill, burn, destroy all Buddhist ThaipropertyThe Buddhist Thai will never live in peace. If you leavethe house, travel or go to work, you will die violently. I will wait foryou for 24 hours, in every direction" (Pamphlet No.22). Another

states "The Islamic warriors of Pattani announce the purpose that wewill never stop killing the Siamese kafir (infidel) and will never stopdestroying army weapons, the economy, politics, education and theSiamese kafir society until we regain the land of Pattani andestablish the state of Pattani Darulslam. I ask for Muslim Malays tobe the witnesses." (Pamphlet No 23).

ISLAMIC INSURGENT GROUPS

In the 20th century, there were 5 main Islamic insurgent groupsresponsible for terror attacks in Thailand. One group was called the

Patani Malay National Revolutionary Front-Coordinate, or BRN-Coordinate. The second insurgent group was the National LiberationFront of Patani (BNPP) which was the first organized armedresistance group active in the 1970s and 1980s, but had becomedefunct. The third insurgent group was the Patani United LiberationOrganization (PULO) operating mainly from exile in Syria andSweden where its supporters lived. It had a working relationship withBRN. The fourth insurgent group was the Islamic MujahidinMovement of Patani (GMIP) formed in 1995 by Afghanistan warveteran Nasoree Saesaeng. This group was linked to the Malaysia-based militant organization Kumpulan Mujahidin which, in turn had

close ties with the Indonesia- based Jemaah Islamiya. The fifth maininsurgent group was the United Front for the Independence ofPatani, commonly known as Bersatu.

INVOLVEMENT OF FOREIGN MUSLIM NATIONS

In the last decade, there has been evidence that Islamic institutionsof foreign Muslim nations have been involved in promoting Islamicradicalization and the doctrine of Islamic Jihad in Thailand. Thaiauthorities knew for quite some time that many Muslim Thai activistshad been to overseas Islamic schools, where they came under

influence of hard-line Muslim teachers. Some were reported to havejoined the jihad against the Soviet Army in Afghanistan and returnedto Thailand as extremists.

According to Michael Scott Doran, a Professor of Near EasternStudies at Princeton University, this brand of Islamist extremism isnot a new phenomenon. The basic sentiment of todays Muslimextremists has flourished in the Islamic world for decades. In recentdecades the newfound wealth of the oil-rich Middle Eastern Islamic


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countries and massive immigration of Muslims to the West, Islamicfundamentalism has been on the rise and the dormant spirit ofJihadism has been rekindled once again. This fervor has beentranslated into various forms of upheavals and terrorism and worldpeace has been put in jeopardy. In 2001 it was reported that of the28 terrorist organizations in the world, 11 are Islamist and that therewere thousands of Islamist terrorists in more than 60 countries.

MUSLIM MADRASAS INDOCTRINATE THE YOUNG

Another approach that these extremists use is enumerated well byZachary Abuza in his book titled Militant Islam in Southeast Asia(Crucible of Terror). It highlights the role of Islamic schools calledMadrasas in indoctrinating the younger generation. The authorcomments that "In their pursuit of the creation of Islamic states, manySoutheast Asian jihadis established Islamic schools to indoctrinate,propagate, and recruit. The leaders of many militant groups inSoutheast Asia, including the Laskar Jihad, Kampulan Mujahidin

Malaysia, and Jemaah Islamiya, returned from Afghanistan andestablished a network of madrasas as the base of their operationsand recruitment." These radical Islamic madrasas, with unrestrictedmaterial support from foreign Muslim countries, have begun to recruitand brainwash many Muslim children and youth in Islamic Jihadistmovement and Islamic fundamentalism. This is a dangerous trendand a great threat to peace and security of Thailand.

THAI MUSLIMS TRAINED IN FOREIGN MADRASAS

The extensive media reporting in Pakistan on the presence of foreign

students in Pakistani madrasas, which followed the reports of theinvolvement of three British citizens of Pakistani origin in the Londonexplosions of July 7, 2005, has revealed the presence of nearly athousand Thai Muslims from Pattanis, in the Pakistani madrasas.Until the Pakistani media gave an estimate of the number of Thaistudents in their madrasas, the world was not aware of the largenumber of Thai Muslims in Pakistani Madrasas. It is now known thatmadrasas in Bangladesh also contain large numbers of ThaiMuslims. Many of these Thai Muslims have enrolled themselves inthe madrasas of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) andBaluchistan, which are the hotbeds of the activities of the Taliban

and the Wahhabi-Deobandi organizations of Pakistan. Some of themhave also undergone training in the jihadi training centres of theTaliban and Gulbuddin Heckmatyar's Hizbe Islami (HEI) and havebeen participating in the current Taliban-HEI-Al Qaeda offensive inAfghanistan from sanctuaries in the NWFP and Baluchistan." SouthAsia Analysis Group -- Terrorism in Southern Thailand by B. Raman,Paper No. 1501, 15/08/2005.


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Thai authorities are investigating possible links between separatistgroups and Islamic terrorist organizations such as JemaahIslamiyah, which seeks a pan-Islamic state in Southeast Asia. It'sblamed for attacks including the 2002 bombing in Bali that claimed202 lives.

MALAYSIAN CONNECTION

Thailand's Muslim youth often go to Malaysia to study, especially inthe northern state of Kelantan, where terrorists wanted by Thaiauthorities have allegedly gone into hiding. Indeed, Malaysia hasn't

just served as a safe haven for Thai religious warriors. Until the late1990s, Indonesian hate preacher Abu Bakar Bashir, now in detentionin Jakarta on charges of "planning to overthrow the government,"taught at a Malaysian religious school, where he indoctrinated themembers of terrorist group Jemaah Islamiyah, who killed 202 peoplein the October 2002 nightclub bombings on the resort island of Bali.

Terror is everywhere. Although Indonesia recently reported the deathof dangerous bomb-maker Azahari bin Husin a member of thenotorious Indonesian terrorist organization Jemaah Islamiyah andthe man believed responsible for the 2002 attacks in Bali, amongother acts of terror, the whereabouts of the more than 40 suicidebombers he trained remain a mystery.

Despite problems in Thailand and Malaysia, international observersand Western intelligence experts are even more concerned aboutIndonesia, Southeast Asia's largest country. With its 212 millioninhabitants, including 185 million Muslims, the giant island nation is

the world's most populous Islamic country.

Indonesian authorities have arrested more than 200 members ofterrorist group Jemaah Islamiyah in recent months, but acts of terrorcommitted by Muslim fanatics have not subsided. Six hooded men inblack staged an especially brutal attack in 2005 on the island ofSulawesi, where they beheaded three Christian schoolgirls in theiruniforms and placed one of the severed heads in front of a church(MARCH OF THE EXTREMISTS, Attacks Threaten Religious Harmony inSoutheast Asia, By Jargen Kremb ,Translated from the German byChristopher Sultan, November 21, 2005).

HATRED TOWARDS NON MUSLIMS

Extremist Muslims in particular appear to dislike all infidels -Buddhists, Christians, Hindus and Jews. Also, there is evidence thatsome Muslims hate each other and murder each other. Sunnisslaughter Shias, Shias slaughter Sunnis, both Shias and Sunnis jointogether to slaughter Ahamediyas. Bloodshed, mass murder,terrorism and violence appear to be a part of Muslim culture then


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and now (Islamic Terrorists Kill More Buddhists in SouthernThailand, Assyrian International News Agency - Posted 1-27-2011,http://leejaywalker.wordpress.com).

The history of Islam is a story of constant war and suppression ofother peoples in the world. The constant inclination of Islam hasbeen to wage war and capture foreign lands. Prophet Mohammad

himself led military expeditions and killed people with his own hands.The Arab Empire was won and consolidated by Islamizing itspeoples using the fury of its faith in god who desires everyone tosubmit to him.

Most of the Koran is replete with passages that call for war onunbelievers and venomous hate of those who would notacknowledge its god. The following quotation from the Koran willillustrate the mentality of Prophet Mohammed. Let those who wouldexchange the life of this world for the hereafter fight for the cause ofgod, whoever fights for the cause of god whether he dies or

triumphs, we shall richly reward him The true believers fight for thecause of god but the infidels fight for the devil. Fight then against thefriends of Satan

NON-MUSLIMS ARE INFIDELS

The intention of Thailands radical Sunni Islamists is to have a landwith no Buddhists and to create an Islamic Sharia state. The usualbeheadings of innocents is deemed to be justified on the groundsthat non-Muslims are infidels in accordance with the Koran andHadiths. This applies to the Koran for 9:29 states "Fight those who

believe not in Allah nor the last day, nor hold that forbidden whichhath been forbidden by Allah and his apostle nor acknowledge thereligion of truth of the people of the Book (Jews and Christians) untilthey pay jizya (tax on non-Muslims) with willing submission and feelthemselves subdued."

Verse 9:73 in the Koran also states "O Prophet! Strive hard (wagewar) against the unbelievers and the Hypocrites and be firm againstthem. Their abode is Hell, -- an evil refuge indeed." While the Hadith9:4 says "Wherever you find infidels kill them; for whoever killsthem shall have reward on the Day of Resurrection."

Zachary Abuza, the author of "Militant Islam in Southeast Asia,"states that Buddhists have been forced to flee in a "de facto ethniccleansing." He further continued by stating that "The social fabric ofthe south has been irreparably damaged." Meanwhile Sunai Phasuk,a political analyst at Human Rights Watch, comments that "Buddhistmonks have been hacked to death, clubbed to death, bombed andburned to death." Therefore, it is clear that this Sunni Islamicinsurgency is following a path that involves the destruction of all non-


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Muslim elements within society or the complete subjugation of allnon-Muslims by the rule of fear.

THE ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE

The most notable movement in the region is Jemaah Islamiya whichis often linked with Al Qaeda and this Sunni terrorist Islamic

organization desires to create more chaos and hatred in order tospread its influence and obtain its ultimate objective. This objective,

just like the radical Sunni Islamic objective in Afghanistan, Iraq,Pakistan, Somalia, and other nations, is to create an Islamic Shariastate and enforce the slavery of non-Muslims by a policy of totalsubjugation based on fear. They have threatened parents to notsend their children to any school but the private Islamic schools.They have forced businesses closed on Fridays. Suffis andmoderate Sha'afis have been routinely targeted. Also, it is noticeablethat more women are covering up in purdah.

Overall, it is clear that elements within Southern Thailand desire anon-Buddhist land. The younger generation of Muslims are beingbrainwashed against Buddhists. This hatred and alienation of theyounger generation began after many studied at internationaluniversities throughout the Middle East. Funding from the MiddleEast is being used to spread radical Sunni Islamic versions of Islam.Although the hidden war in Southern Thailand by radical SunniIslamists is being aimed at moderate Muslims and Buddhists alike,the Buddhists it is feared face complete annihilation and one daySouthern Thailand may end up like Afghanistan, Central Asia, andother areas which once had thriving Buddhist communities.

A CHALLENGE TO THAI MILITARY

Growing violence is proving a challenge to the Thai military. "Themost dangerous battle in Southeast Asia's religious melting pot,says terrorism and al-Qaida expert Rohan Gunaratna, "is currentlybeing waged in Southern Thailand." Not a day goes by here withoutan attack. On some days, state-run schools are set on fire andteachers murdered, and on others unknown attackers in pickuptrucks target Muslim teahouses in drive-by shootings. A train carryingmilitary recruits was blown from its tracks in 2005. Armed assailantsarmed with machine guns and hand grenades wiped out a nine-member Muslim family because the father had worked as a policeinformant.

INVOLVEMENT OF TAMIL LTTE TERRORISTS

The LTTE Tamil terrorists were involved with Muslim activists ofSouthern Thailand during the latter part of the 20th century,


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especially in the Phuket area of Southern Thailand. There LTTETamil terrorists were involved in heroin smuggling with theassistance of Muslim activists. They used drug proceeds to purchaseweapons which were transported to Sri Lanka for terrorist activities.In 2000, Thai government pledged to halt the use of Thailand as alogistics base by the LTTE following the discovery in June 2000 of apartially completed submarine at a shipyard in Phuket, in Southern

Thailand, owned by an LTTE-sympathizer. They also discovered anunclassified paper by Canadian intelligence published in December2000 that outlined the LTTE use of front companies to procureweapons via Thailand.

DISRESPECT, DISREGARD AND INDIFFERENCE

Why do Muslims battle all societies they infiltrate? Also, why are Muslimsnot accommodative of non Muslims living in Muslim countries, especially bynot permitting them to freely practice their religions? Why are there noMuslim democracies? These are relevant questions for one to pose. The

fact is that in general, Muslims are more intransigent, belligerent and arenotoriously militarized, and thus are disproportionately involved in conflictsin the world (http://www.thereligionofpeace.com). It is common knowledgethat although Muslims speak of brotherhood, there is strong disunity anddislike among the various Muslim factions. Sunnis dislike Shias, Shiasdislike Sunnis, both Shias and Sunnis join together to harass theAhamediyas. All Muslims dislike all infidels - Buddhists, Jews, Christians,Sikhs and Hindus. Buddhists, wherever in the world they live, areaccommodative of other religions. Also, unlike in the case with Muslims,Buddhists, whatever may be the countries they belong to, whatever may bethe schools of Buddhism they observe - Mahayana, Theravada,Vajrayana, Zen, there is no disharmony or animosity at all among them.

History reveals vividly how Muslims invaded many former Buddhistcountries and subjugated their people subjecting them to extreme forms ofviolence and untold misery unless people converted to Islam. There havebeen problems of a varied nature in all countries where Muslims form a

minority. Indonesia and Malaysia were Buddhist countries at acertain time in history. With Muslim invasions most of the Buddhistsin these places were either killed or converted to Islam. Morerecently in 2001, in the name of Islam, the Taliban destroyed theworld renowned monumental Bamiyan Buddha statues built in the 6thcentury, citing that these were idols which are forbidden underSharia law in Islam. These actions show disrespect, disregard and

sheer indifference towards people of other religions. Such attitudesdo not allow any community to assimilate with other communities,especially with mainstream communities in countries where they liveas a minority.

Dr. Daya HewapathiraneVancouver, Canada


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Pictures of Muslim Violence against Buddhists in Thailandhttp://barenakedislam.wordpress.com/2011/01/12/muslim-hate-squads-

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Attached Images
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Muslim Violence Against Buddhists-thailand