CIMW_Minorities Muslim in Thailand

8/3/2019 CIMW_Minorities Muslim in Thailand

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CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN THE MUSLIM WORLD

MUSLIM MINORITIES IN SOUTEAST ASIA:

THAILAND

PRESENT BY:

AZZUBAIR NABIL

HAKIM HAFIZUDDIN

FAUZI

Copyright G815 CIMW/HS/CFS IIUM


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BEFORE 846 A.D

THE SOUTHERN SEA ISLAND:(SUMATRA , JAVA , BORNEO , SULALEVI ORSELEBES AND MALAKKA)

HINDUIST & BUDDHIST


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ARAB MERCHANTS SPREAD ISLAM

EVIDENCES:

Arabic letters

engraved on grave of

women at Leran,Gresic(weak proof)

Sir Richard Windsted:

his book,

The Malays Cultural History

Marco Polo the Venetian meet some Arab merchantswho teaching Islam to the governer and his family in

Perlak

Daughter of gavenor married with the teacher (Malik

as-Salih)


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Ibn Batutah

(a Morroccian traveller)

state that the city of Samudra was a centre of the Sunni Muslim

established a centre of Islamic spread

persuading King Saleh,king of Sumatra to embrace Islam


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KING SALLEH

help spread Islam

introduce Islamic system into his state

spent a large sum of money to spread Islam into other island


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SPREAD ISLAM THROUGH INDO-CHINA

E. Huber

G. Maspero(Kingdom of Champa)

E. Aymonier(The People of Champa and

Their Religion)

people of Champa accepted Islam during

Tang Dynasty of China (618-906 AD)

People of Champa:

1st century-HinduismLater on,some of them embraced Islam

after having comercial contact with theIslamic world (Basra,Seraf and Oman)

FLOWCHART

ISLAMArab & Persian INDO-

CHINA

CHINA

(Tang

Dynasty)

Arab & Persian


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MALACCA

Function of Malacca inspreading Islam

Malacca become a great centre ofcommerce and important port

The King Parameswara (MegatIskander Shah) embrace Islam

Java and Siam expected to occupy Malacca

Islam spread to Pattani and other cities in south of Siam

The King seek assistance from China to protect his land.

Reign Sultan Mahmud-Siam try to occupy Malacca- defeated

Sultan expelled the armies of Nakhorn Sri Dhamaraj State


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Islam existed before the Sukhothai period (1357 AD)

Kurkrit

Pramoj

(ex-Prime

Minister ofThailand) Islam existed since the beginning of the history of

Thai nation.Islam came to Indonesia and thePenisular of Malaysia before another tribe of of

people move from the Southern Unan

So,it is misleading to assume that Muslimns there are a people

taking refuge in the land of Thai people.


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Evidence Muslims in the southern part are natives.

43 BC renowned kingdom called Langkasuka.

220 AD-established the Tampornlingka Kingdom (Nakorn Sri

Dharmaraj)

685 AD-established the Srivichai kingdom.-spread all over the Penisula and dominated Tampornlingka.

8th Srivichai declined,new kigdom,Mashpahit emerged.

1401-Srivichai power degenerated because influence of Islam

end of 8th until the beging 9th century-Islam settled in Pattani

Kigdom founded by Phaya Taung Antara


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ISLAM IN PATTANIAccording to

legend

King was seriously ill and no one couldcure him

Muslim doctor , Shaykh Said volunteered

to cure him with condition king wouldconvert to Islam if he recovered.

The king promised that but he did not

keep his promise.

Once more he fell ill and was again

cured by the same doctor.

For the 3rd time,he agreed to

embrace Islam with his wife and his

daugthers.

His courties and citizens converted to

Islam.


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A

YUDDHAYA

PERIOD

(1590-1605)

Persian merchant-Shaykh Ahmad Qurni came to trade.

He was appointed as Samuhanayok (Prime Minister) by

King Songdharm with title Chao Phraya Shaykh Ahmad

-to controlling the governing of the nothern part of

Thailand.

-primogenitor of a number of Thai families.


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-


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WEST ASIAN/MIDDLE EAST


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Social Condition

In south ofThailand,

majority areMuslim(71.2%)

Pattani

Yala

Songkhla

Narathiwat


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Thailand population:


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Social institution influencing the life of

Muslim in the south:

1. Institution ofIslam: religious

practice, masjid,pondok

2. Institution of family

3. MalaysianCommuunity:

origin, language,traditions,customs


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The Institution of Islam

The religious practices

- Islam is the way of life

- It related to every field in life

- Islam teaches: worship one God, obey His

teaching, behave morally, do good- Muslim in 4 provinces are more religious thanother part

Masjid

- Place for Muslim for worship God

- 1,064 masjids in 4 provinces

- 11,019 in other provinces- Its the centre for assembling the Muslims

Pondok

- Religious school in malay language

- Thai Muslim in south learn Islam here

- Established by religious teacher

- No limitation (age & gender) for pupil

- 1961, gov. modified pondok system (Teaching ofIslam + vocational courses)


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The Institution of Family & The

Malaysian Community:

- Besides theIslamic tradition &customs: marriage&ceremony,entertainment &games, dress, art(diferent kinds)

- Early Langkasukasociety + Hinduism,Buddhism, Islam=complex society

- Islamization ofPattani+HinduBuddhist culture =(Tanah Melayu)

local tradition& customs

- (Melayu)language was orallanguage since1446 A.D.

- Arabic languagespreded toSumatra & MelayuPeninsula

- Their writinglanguageinfluenced, becameyavi

- They used lessThai language

language

- Muslims in 4provinces areMalay origin

- The successor insailing

origin


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Pattani Community

The rulers

(Sultan)

The ruled


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The rulers: -On the top is Sultan/head

of the states

ruling class

Non-royal descents

Religious leader

Functionaries

&

High-ranking officials

Royal personAristocrat, who related to the

Sultan


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Ther

uled

Subjects:

- Need strong benefector leader

Debtbondsmen:

- Debtors who could not pay back their debt in time, thenbrought to the family of creditors (toil)

Slaves:

- Toil according to their master

- Orang sakai origin

- Because Islam forbid enslavements of Muslim


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Religious group hierarchy system

The sultan

mufti

Qadi

Imam/khateb/ bilal

highest

state

official in

religious

ruling

Jude of the

distinct

Religious

functionary


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19th & 20th century, most influential

leaders in Pattani

UstadsTohKrus

Traditionalreligiousteacher

Non-

traditionalreligiousteachers


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Because pattani was dominated by

pondok which

Taught religion. Gave moralguidance to the

Muslim villagers.


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1902, Pattani region wasofficially under the reign

of ofKing Rama V

Bangkok government hadtried to bring it into

national system

barrier:

- geographical distance

- cultural difference

Pattani isolated from:-social

-cultural

-political institution

Muslims in Pattanibecame the largestminority group,

represent 75% of totalpopulation in 4 prrvinces


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Population in 4 provinces in South

Thailand

Thai Muslims

The majority Belong to ShafiI

section of Sunni

Thai Buddhist

Not from this area Live in municipal

areas

A few of themdoing agriculturework, same

economic life withThai Muslims

ChineseDescendents

Live in municipalareas

Generally aremerchants

Most stay inmarket place

Only in districtBetong, Yala theylive together as abiggest group


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Religious

- In Islam the ultimate goal is become aman of all religious virtue

- Religious leader respected by thepeople than the state authority

Cultural

- Malay culture

- Doing agriculture work

Idealogical

- The Muslims feel that there is no needto broaden their social circle

Language

- Mostly speak Malay language

Thebarrier between Thai Muslims& other groups generally, betweenThai Muslim & Thai Buddhist/ Thai

Chinese particularly


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Economic Condition

Climatic

condition

Lands

Agriculture

worksOthers

Fruit treesFruit trees

Coconut palmsCoconut palms

Rubber treesRubber trees

Growing riceGrowing rice

Mines Fisherman

Muslims Buddhists

Poorer Small Large Richer

Moral Economy

Islamic Economy


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Shariah Court


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Documents

CIMW_Minorities Muslim in Thailand