Mughal Architecture of Pakistan

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Mughal

Architectureof Pakistan


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This booklet has been designed

to enlighten the splendor and beauty

of the Mughal era.


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Mughal Architecture of Pakistan

Lahore

Fort

The Lahore Fort, locally referred to asShahi Qila is citadel of the city ofLahore. It is located in the largest

urban parks in Pakistan. The trapezoi-dal area is spread over 20 hectares.

The existing base structure was builtduring the reign of Akbar between15561605. It has two gates one is

known as Alamgiri Gate build byEmperor Aurangzeb.

It opens towards Badshahi Mosque,and the other older one known asMasjidi Gate which opens towards the

Masti Gate Area of Walled City and itwas built by Emperor Akbar.


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Currently the Alamgiri Gate is used asthe principal entrance while MastiGate is permanently closed .

The fort is clearly divided into twosections: first the administrative

section, which is well connected withmain entrances, and comprises largergarden areas and Diwan-e-khas for

royal audiences.

The fort manifests the rich traditions

of Mughal architecture. Some of thefamous sites inside the fort include:Sheesh Mahal, Alamgiri Gate,

Naulakha pavilion, and Moti Masjid.

Below, BadshahiMasjid, Iqbal Park,Lahore, Pakistan.


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Badshahi

Masjid

Among the few mosques created byAurangzeb Alamgir, the most famous

is the Badshahi Masjid at Lahore.Created in 1084/1674, it has beenrated as one of the biggest houses of

prayer in Pakistan today.

While most of the exterior of this

mosque has been treated with redsandstone with bold marble inlay, theinterior has been enriched with stucco

ornamentation of various colors.

The interior of the central compart-

ment of the Aiwan has white marblefacing on the arches of the four sideson which rosettes and stylized leaves

have been created boldly.


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The Badshahi Mosque, or in PersianPadshahi Masjed, meaning the

'Imperial Mosque') in Lahore,commissioned by the sixth MughalEmperor Aurangzeb in 1671 and

completed in 1673, is the secondlargest mosque in Pakistan and SouthAsia and the fifth largest mosque in

the world.

Epitomising the beauty, passion and

grandeur of the Mughal era, it isLahore's most famous landmark anda major tourist attraction.[1] It is

located in Iqbal Park in Lahore,Pakistan which is one of the largesturban parks in Pakistan.

Below, BadshahiMasjid, Iqbal Park,Lahore, Pakistan.


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Hiran Minar& Baradari

It was constructed by EmperorJahangir as a monument to Mansraj,one of his pet deer. The high minarwas erected in 1607 and named after

a favorite antelope of the emperorwho died suddenly.

A Baradari, octagonal on plan, standsin the centre of the tank. It was builton the brick platform in 1620 under

orders of Emperor Jahangir. It wasmodified and enlarged during thereign of Shahjahan.

The Baradari is a two storied buildingwith an open octagonal pavilion on

the top. The main octagonal hall on

the ground floor is surrounded byeight square and rectangular rooms

of different sizes.


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Unique features of this complex arethe antelope's grave and thedistinctive water collection system.

On the east is located a big tank witha causeway leading to the octagonalbaradri. A square shaped pavilion Is

added at each corner and a gatewayon the north-east. The tank isrectangular in shape, having a ramp

on each side.

The tank has been devised in three

stages. The corner pavilions havearched openings and low pyramidalroofs. Water is supplied to the tank

through the feeding-channels and

filtration tanks.

Below, Hiran Minar,Shiekhupura, Panjab,Pakistan


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WahGarden

Mughal Garden Wah is an elaborategarden dating back to the era of the

Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great(1542-1605).

The Emperor Shah Jahan stayed atWah while on his way to Kabul in1639. He called his central construc-

tion department and ordered the

reconstruction of the buildings.Ahmed Maamar Lahoree, a famous

architect of those days, planned outthe gardens, palaces and inns.

The construction was performedunder his supervision and took twoyears. The garden was made in the

Mughal construction style. He madebeautiful twelve door structures,canals and waterfalls.


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Shah Jahan stayed at the gardens onhis trips to Kabul four times after

their completion.

The inner portion of the structures

has been plastered. The walls of thesmaller rooms have been decoratedwith flowers and petals. He made

bathrooms having mixture of cold

and hot water.

Considering the historical importanceof the gardens and their artisticconstruction, the Government of

Pakistan handed over the garden tothe department of Archeology tolook after and to initiate repairs.

Below, Wah garden,Wah city, Panjab,Pakistan.


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Wazir KhanMasjid

The Wazir Khan Mosque is situated inthe heart of the old city. It is famousfor its extensive faience tile work. Ithas been described as 'a mole on the

cheek of Lahore'.

It was built in seven years, starting

around 16341635 AD, during thereign of the Shah Jehan. It was built

by Hakil Ilmud-Din Ansari, commonlyknown as Wazir Khan, a Viceroy of thePanjab under Shahjahan.

Besides being an administrator, hehad a refined taste of architectureand under his supervision, were

erected some of the best of Moghulmonuments of the period.


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The mosque contains some of thefinest examples of Qashani tile workfrom the Mughal period. Within thecourtyard of the mosque lies the

subterranean tomb of Syed Muham-mad Ishaq, known as Miran Badshah.

The imposing gateway is crownedwith a dome and reveted wih colorful

tile mosaics. The prayer chamber offive compartments has a dome, fouroctagonal minarets, two doublestoried flat pavilions and a row of

blind cloisters n all the three sides.

A lollywood movie was based in this

very Mosque. "Khuda Ke Liye (ForGod Sake)".

Below, Wazir KhanMasjid, Shahi Guzargah,Lahore, Pakistan.


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ShahjahanMasjid

The Shah Jahan Mosque is located inThatta, Sindh province, Pakistan. Itwas built during the reign of Mughalemperor Shah Jahan.

The Shah Jahan Mosque wasconstructed by the eponymous

Emperor as a gift to the people ofSindh. It has a total of 93 domes.

Stylish floral patterns decorate thespandrels of the main arches.

It is built predominantly of heavy

brick and with blue coloured glazetiles which is thought to be importedfrom the town of Haala, Sindh. It is

laid out in the usual quadrilateralarrangement with a large (52 x 30meter) courtyard at its center.


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One acoustical feature is that theprayers of anyone speaking loudly infront of the mihrab (the prayer nichefacing Mecca) can be heard clearly

throughout the building.

It was not until 1658-59 that the

eastern portion of the building andthe gateway were completed. Later

repairs were undertaken underEmperor Alamgir.

Further renovations took place in

1855 and in 1894 during the Britishperiod. More recently, the mosquewas restored during the 1960s and

70s.It has been on the UNESCOWorld Heritage list since 1993.

Below, Shah JahanMasjid, Thatta,Pakistan.


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The image on the cover page is

of a dome in Shah Jahan

Masjid at Thatta.

Documents

Mughal Architecture of Pakistan