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Development of the Mughal architecture under the different rulers - Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb
Family Tree
Jahangir (1605-1627)
Jahangir was born on 30 Aug, 1569 and died in1627
He was the 4th Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1605.
He was the eldest son of Akbar and was declared successor to his father from an early age.
Jahangir had fine artistic sense but he was more fond of painting than architecture. Jahangir Tomb Shahdara, Lahore.
Jahangir Tomb
The Tomb of Jahangir is a mausoleum built for Jahangir, who ruled the Mughal Empire from 1605 to 1627. The mausoleum is located in Shahdara Bagh in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Though contemporary historians called his son Shah Jahan the builder of this tomb, it is "more likely to have been the result of Nur Jahan's vision".
Nur Jahan designed the mausoleum in 1627. It took ten years to build the tomb (1627-1637) and costed Rs10 lakh.
The entrance to the mausoleum is through two massive gateways (to the north and south) of stone and masonry opposite each other and on the Western side it gives the full view of the garden.
The exterior of the mausoleum, is clad with red sandstone facing with rich panel decoration inlaid with marble decorative motifs and the interior is an elevated white marble, flowers of mosaic in the same elegant style as the tombs of Taj Mahal.
Shah Jahan (1627-1658)
Shah Jahan was the 5th Mughal emperor, born on 5th January 1592, and died on 22nd January 1666 at the age of 74.
Shah Jahan’s period is usually called the ‘Golden Age of Mughal Architecture’ and he is given the titles of ‘Prince among the Builders’
His most important and impressive buildings are the Taj Mahal at Agra, Red Fort and Jama Masjid at Delhi.
He also built the tomb of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, The Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) in the Lahore Fort and built the sections of Sheesh Mahal, and Naulakha pavilion, which are all enclosed in the fort.
Shah Jahan mostly made use of marble in place of red stone. With a view to enhance the beauty and effect of the ceilings. He made full use of gold, silver, precious and coloured stones. At several places, the pictures of trees, animal scenes and other flora and fauna have been depicted.
Jama Masjid, Delhi Built between 1644 and 1656. The mosque has three
great gates, (Southern gate, Northern gate and eastern gate or Royal gate). Four towers and two 40 m high minarets constructed of strips of red sandstone and white marble.
Southern gate has 33 steps meant for general public, Northern gate has 39 steps meant for the nobles. Eastern gate has 35 steps which was formally reserved for the use of Mughal emperors and even during the British period it was opened only for the royal visitors.
In the Center there is an Ablution tank made up of marble , measures 30.71x10.96m which serves for the purpose for rituals which should be done before namaz.
Jama Masjid is built in Stone masonry and the cladding is being done mostly by red sand stone. It is covered with white and black ornamented marble to look like a Muslim prayer mat. Beside it, a thin black border measuring 3 feet (0.91 m) long and 1.5 feet (0.46 m) wide is marked for the worshippers.
Lotus flower is a prime source of aspiration.
Red Fort, Delhi
Located in the Centre of Delhi and houses a number of museums. In addition to accommodating the emperors and their households, it was the ceremonial and political Centre of Mughal government and the setting for events.
Constructed in 1648 by the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. The Red Fort’s innovative architectural style, including its garden design, influenced later buildings and gardens in Delhi, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kashmir and else where.
The Red Fort has an area of 254.67 acres (103.06 ha) enclosed by 2.41 kilometres (1.50 mi) of defensive walls. The marble, floral decorations and double domes in the fort's buildings exemplify later Mughal architecture.
It showcases a high level of ornamentation, and the Kohinoor diamond was part of the furnishings.
The fort's artwork synthesises Persian, European and Indian art, resulting in a unique Shahjahani style rich in form, expression and colour.
Taj Mahal, Agra
Concept: Taj Mahal means: "crown of palaces”. It was built by Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. (symmetrical white marble tomb) The tomb is the central focus of the entire complex of the Taj Mahal. Its 73 meters high.
Material: While earlier Mughal buildings were primarily constructed of red sandstone, Shah Jahan promoted the use of white marble inlaid with semi-precious stones.
AURANGZEB
Aurangzeb was born on 3 November 1618, in Dahod, Gujarat His reign lasted for 49 years from 1658 until his death in 1707.
On 26 February 1628, Shah Jahan was officially declared the Mughal Emperor, and Aurangzeb returned to live with his parents at Agra Fort, where Aurangzeb received his formal education in Arabic and Persian.
Bi-bi ka Makbara
Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque), Agra Fort
It was built as a place of worship for the royal members of the court.
The mosque was built between 1648 and 1654. The architectural features of the Mosque bear remarkable resemblance to that of the St. Basils Cathedral in Moscow.
There are three gates to the mosque, the main and largest entrance in the eastern side. The other two subsidiary gates are on the northern and southern sides.
In the center of the court of the mosque, a marble tank is situated. The prayer chamber is placed on the western side.
Entrance Courtyard
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