Ms. Pennington

Biology

Chapter 20 Protista

Kingdom Protista

• Greek for 1st eukaryote

• They are diverse – over 200,000 species

• They are NOT animals, plants, fungi or prokaryotes! (The misfits)

• They live in aquatic environments.

• They are the 1st eukaryotes, what

does that mean??

Classification:

Scientists divide all the

Protists into 3 large

groups, they are: 1) Animal like –?

2) Plant like - ?

3) Fungus like - ?

Animal Like Protists

• AKA Protozoans

• They are heterotrophs

• Have four different ways of

movement

• Four examples to know are:• 1. Zooflagellates

• 2. Sarcodines

• 3. Ciliates

• 4. Sporozoans

1. Zooflagellates

• Protists that swim using flagella.• Most have 1 or 2, but some have many.• Some live within the bodies of other organisms.

2) Sarcodines

• These guys use pseudopods for feeding and movement.

• Ex: amoeba, remember seeing them move?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA

2) Ciliates

• Use cilia for feeding and movements

• Ex: Paramecium

• Trichocysts – small pointy structures for defense.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHb2JaujIPo

3) Sporozoans

• Don’t move on their own and are parasitic

• Reproduce by sporozoite – attaches itself to host, penetrates and lives within

• Ex: Plasmodium in a female Anopholes mosquito – causes

Malaria!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_nOgu8OnZA

Plant-like Protists:

• Have chlorophyll, CAN

photosynthesize.

• Four examples to know:• 1. Euglena• 2. Chrysophytes• 3. Diatoms• 4. Algae

1) Euglena

• Euglena have flagella

• No cell wall

• Look for red spot!

2) Chrysophytes

• Have “gold colored” chloroplasts

• Ex: Yellow and golden algae

3) Diatoms

• Have thin, delicate cell walls made of silicon (which makes glass)

4) Algae

• Just like plants but totally aquatic (sea weed), producers for this ecosystem.

• Many colors – red, brown, green, blue-green. Used for food – ice cream, sushi.

Fungus-like Protists

• Bizzare creatures that absorb material from dead matter

• 1 example: slime molds

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SdadVrVMK4

Commonalities:

• All eukaryotes

• Most are unicellular – not all

• Some live in colonies (groups), some multicellular• Ex: volvox

Reproduction:

• Binary fission (asexual): Paramecium dividing in two

• Sometimes conjugation – sharing DNA

Humans and Protists

• Some Protists cause diseases like:• Giardia – contaminated water

• African Sleeping Sickness-Carried by Tsetse fly

• Malaria – Plasmodiumfalciparum

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFoSoEgLgIA

Benefits:

• Oxygen production

• Producer in oceanic (and other aquatic) food webs

• Human food source too!

• Used for agar – hugely important in bio