MPIC 2017 19th July 2017 (Wednesday) - Official Portal … 2017 19th July 2017 (Wednesday) Time Program 8:00 am Registration Parallel Presentation Session I AUDITORIUM BILIK GERAKAN

MPIC 2017 19th July 2017 (Wednesday)

Time Program

8:00 am Registration

Parallel Presentation Session I AUDITORIUM BILIK GERAKAN PELAJAR BILIK SEMINAR 1 BILIK SEMINAR 2

9:00 am Nur Firdaus Mohamed Yusof (PCB-21-Yusof)

Nurul Shuhadah Ibrahim (PNC-01-Ibrahim)

Fazira Firdaus (PSCM-04-Firdaus)

Nuraishah Ahmad Shahrim (PPC-02-Shahrim)

9:15 am Hani Afiffa Mohd Hanif (PCB-24-Hanif)

Sharika Thankappan Nair (PNC-14-Nair)

Mohamad Shahrul Fizree Idris (PSCM-07-Idris)

Abitha V. Kaliyathan (PPC-05-Kaliyathan)

9:30 am Noor Izyan Syazana Mohd Yusoff (PCB-02-Yusoff)

Zaitun Ghazali (PNC-20-Ghazali)

Nurul Faizah Abd Ghapar (PSCM-09-Ghapar)

Ahmad Kifli Che Aziz (PPC-04-Aziz)

9:45 am Norhazirah Nordin (PCB-03-Nordin)

Nor Hafizah Che Ismail (PNC-24-Ismail)

Merin Sara Thomas (PSCM-10-Thomas)

Chin Siew Xian (PPC-08-Chin)

10:00 am Zainathul A. Salim Abd. Salim (PCB-18-Salim)

Bhavitha Karanath Balendran (PNC-29-Balendranb)

Manjusha Elizabeth Mathew (PSCM-11-Mathew)

Arunima Reghunadhan (PPC-09-Reghunadhan)

10:15 am Link Brown Setaram Instrumentation

Anju K Nair (PNC-15-Nair)

Nurul Amalina Ab Rahman (PSCM-20-Rahman)

Nur Nadia Samsudin (PPC-10-Samsudin)

10:30 am Coffee Break & Poster Session

11:00 am Plenary Lecture 1 (Auditorium) Prof. Dr. Jung-Il Jin (Korea University, Korea)

“What do we learn from the Material Science of DNA?” (PS-BP-01-Jin)

11:45 am Keynote Lecture 1 (Auditorium) Prof. Dr. Hazizan Md Akil (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia)

“Recent Development in 3D Printing of Polymers and Their Composites” (KS-PPC-01-Akil)

12:15 pm Keynote Lecture 2 (Auditorium) Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Chalid (Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia)

“Biomass Empowerment in Polymer Product Technology” (KS-GP-01-Chalid)

12:45 pm Lunch

Parallel Presentation Session II AUDITORIUM BILIK GERAKAN PELAJAR BILIK SEMINAR 1 BILIK SEMINAR 2

2:00 pm Invited Lecture 1 Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Rizafizah Othaman “Smart Materials for Carbon

Dioxide Capture and Sequestration”

(IS-PM-01-Othaman)

Invited Lecture 2 Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Siti Rohana Majid “Polymer Electrolyte”

(IS-PECP-02-Majid)

Invited Lecture 3 Prof. Dr. Khairiah Badri

“Polyurethane Membrane as an Adsorbent for Methyl Orange

and Ethyl Violet Dyes” (IS-GP-01-Badri)

Indra Surya (PCB-29-Surya)

2:25 pm Chen Ruey Shan (PCB-06-Chen)

Selvin Palakattukunnel Thomas (PNC-12-Thomas)

Nur Nida Syamimi Subri (PSCM-27-Subri)

Rohani Mustapha (PPC-12-Mustapha)

2:40 pm Wan Zarina Wan Mohamed (PCB-14-Mohamed)

Preetha Balakrishnan (PNC-26-Balakrishnan)

Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim (PSCM-23-Karim)

Dalila Shahdan (PPC-03-Shahdan)

2:55 pm Nurzam Ezdiani Zakaria (PCB-19-Zakaria)

Krishna Prasad Rajan (PNC-10-Rajan)

Teh Chin Hoong (PSCM-18-Teh)

Mohd Suzeren Md Jamil (PPC-15-Jamil)

3:10 pm Noor Afizah Rosli (PCB-23-Rosli)

Siti Salina Sarkawi (PNC-02-Sarkawi)

Farhana Syakirah Ismail (PSCM-13-Ismail)

Ghiska Ramahdita (PPC-13-Ramahdita)

3:25 pm Tham Mun Wai (PCB-16-Tham)

Miroslav Štěpánek (PNC-11-Štěpánek)

Anith Liyana Mohd Sis (PSCM-24-Sis)

Lies Agustine Wisojodarmo (PPC-16-Wisojodharmo)

3:40 pm Siti Nurkhamidah (PCB-05-Nurkhamidah)

Remya Vasudevan P.R. Amma (PNC-07-Amma)

Muhammad Jefri Mohd Yusof (PSCM-16-Yusof)

Aravinthan Gopanna (PPC-11-Gopanna)

3:55 pm Coffee Break & Poster Session

4:30 pm Tour

MPIC 2017 20th July 2017 (Thursday)

Time Program

Open Ceremony (Auditorium)

9:00 am Arrival of Guests and VIPs

9:05 am Recital of Doa

9:10 am Speech by Chairman of MPIC 2017

9:20 am Speech by Vice-Chancellor, UKM

9:35 am Souvenir Presentation

9:40 am Multimedia Presentation

9:45 am Photo Session

10:00 am Coffee Break

10:30 am Plenary Lecture 2 (Auditorium) Prof. Dr. Sabu Thomas (Mahatma Gandhi University, India)

“Engineering at the Nanoscale: A Strategy for Developing High Performance Functional Materials” (PS-PNC-01-Thomas)

11:15 am Plenary Lecture 3 (Auditorium) Prof. Dr. Masato Ikeda (Gifu University, Japan)

“Biomolecule-responsive Self-assembled Supramolecular Materials” (PS-PSCM-01-Ikeda)

12:00 pm Keynote Lecture 3 (Auditorium) Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Uyama (Osaka University, Japan)

“Functional Bio-based Polymer” (KS-PNC-01-Uyama)

12:30 pm Lunch

Parallel Presentation Session III AUDITORIUM BILIK GERAKAN PELAJAR BILIK SEMINAR 1 BILIK SEMINAR 2

2:00 pm Invited Lecture 4 Assoc Prof. Dr.

Nor Azowa Ibrahim “Superhydrobic Coating”

(IS-PNC-01-Ibrahim)

Invited Lecture 5 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Juan Joon Ching

“Photocatalysis of bimetal oxide supported on PANI”

(IS-PNC-01-Juan)

Invited Lecture 6 Dr. Juhana Jaafar

“Polymeric based electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel

cell application” (IS-PECP-01-Jaafar)

Invited Lecture 7 Prof. Dr. Shoichi Kutsumizu “Light-driven transition of

lamellar to three-dimensionally periodic structures of liquid-

crystalline materials” (IS-PSCM-01-Kutsumizu)

2:25 pm Azizah Baharum (PCB-17-Baharum)

Rasha M. Sheltami (PNC-03-Sheltami)

Farah Hannan Anuar (PECP-06-Anuar)

Ain Athirah Zainuddin (PSCM-19-Zainuddin)

2:40 pm Nur Munirah Abdullah (PCB-10-Abdullah)

Ajitha A. Ramachandran (PNC-04-Ramanchandran)

Nur Hasyareeda Hassan (PECP-07-Hassan)

Tran Van Tron (PSCM-06-Tron)

2:55 pm Hikmatun Nimah (PCB-07-Nimah)

Aswathi Madathinal Kunjappan (PNC-05-Kunjappan)

Mohamad Faizzi Abd Halim (PECP-11-Faizzi)

Noorhasmiera Abu Jahar (ORA-01-Jahar)

3:10 pm Akhina (PCB-11-Akhina)

Bicy K (PNC-13-Bicy)

Siti Munirah Manap (PECP-04-Manap)

Zaliha binti Wahid (PPC-17-Wahid)

3:25 pm Nipawan Yasumlee (PCB-12-Yasumlee)

Thomasukutty Jose (PNC-34-Jose)

Adibatul Husna Fadzil (PECP-09-Fadzil)

Sreerag Gopi (GP-02-Gopi)

3:40 pm Nurul Aizan Mohd Zaini (PCB-15-Zaini)

Min Min Aung (PNC-16-Aung)

Farrah Diyana Zailan (PECP-01-Zailan)

Anshida Mayeen (MP-01-Mayeen)

3:55 pm Mohamad Haafiz M. Kassim (PP-03-Kassim)

Aina Aqila Binti Arman Alim (PM-01-Alim)

Shuhib Mamat (PECP-08-Mamat)

Muhammad Shafiq Mohd Azahari

(PCB-04-Azahari)

4:10 pm Sharifah Habibah Syed Khalafu (PP-09-Khalafu)

Afifah Muhamad Sidik (PM-03-Sidik)

Meriem Latifi (PECP-12-Latifi)

Sarala A/P Selambakkannu (PCB-28-Selambakkannu)

4:25 pm Lim Seng Joe (PP-06-Lim)

Muhammad Johan Iskandar Zahari

(PM-04-Zahari)

Md Ahsanul Haque (PECP-02-Haque)

Wong See Kiat (PMA-01-Wong)

4:40 pm Nadhilah Muhammad Razak (PP-02-Razak)

4:55 pm Closing & Award Giving Ceremony

19th July 2017 (Wednesday) Parallel Presentation Session I

VENUE: AUDITORIUM

Time Name & Institution Title of Presentation

9:00 am Nur Firdaus Mohamed Yusof Universiti Malaysia Perlis

(PCB-21-Yusof)

EFFECT OF NATURAL CRYSTALLINE SILICA ON MECHANICAL, MORPHOLOGY AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF HDPE COMPOSITES

9:15 am Hani Afiffa Mohd Hanif Rubber Research Institute of

Malaysia (PCB-24-Hanif)

EFFECTS OF A NEW DEVELOPED PROCESSING AID ON CURE CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRILE RUBBER COMPOSITES

9:30 am Noor Izyan Syazana Mohd Yusoff Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(PCB-02-Yusoff)

STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF INSOLUBLE SILK FIBROIN FILM FROM THAI BOMBYX MORI

9:45 am Norhazirah Nordin University Putra Malaysia

(PCB-03-Nordin)

CELLULOSIC MATERIALS FROM FRUIT WASTES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE FILM

10:00 am Zainathul A. Salim Abd. Salim Universiti Malaya

(PCB-18-Salim)

IMPACT OF HIGH PURITY RICE HUSK SILICA SYNTHESISED USING THE SOLVOTHERMAL EXTRACTION METHOD ON THE PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER

10:15 am Link Brown Director, Setaram Instrumentation

INNOVATIVE THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY METHODS

VENUE: BILIK GERAKAN PELAJAR


9:00 am Nurul Shuhadah Ibrahim Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(PNC-01-Ibrahim)

FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY AND EPOXY/KENAF COMPOSITES: EFFECTS OF GRAPHENE CONTENT

9:15 am Sharika Thankappan Nair Mahatma Gandhi University

(PNC-14-Nair)

EMI SHIELDING MATERIALS BASED ON MWCNT FILLED PP/NR BLENDS

9:30 am Zaitun Ghazali University Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PNC-20-Ghazali)

CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE ON NANOSILICA IMMOBILIZED WITH CHOLINE CHLORIDE-UREA

9:45 am Nor Hafizah Che Ismail Universiti Sains Malaysia

(PNC-24-Ismail)

EFFECT OF ORGANO-MODIFIED MUSCOVITE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ABS NANOCOMPOSITES

10:00 am Bhavitha Karanath Balendran Mahatma Gandhi University

(PNC-29-Balendranb)

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PMMA-SILVER NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS BY GAMMA IRRADIATION TECHNIQUE FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS

10:15 am Anju K Nair Mahatma Gandhi University

(PNC-15-Nair)

DOPED GRAPHENES/SILVER NANOWIRE POLYSTYRENE FREE STANDING FILMS FOR NONLINEAR OPTICAL LIMITING APPLICATIONS

VENUE: BILIK SEMINAR 1


9:00 am Fazira Firdaus Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PSCM-04-Firdaus)

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAFTED LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER/ACRYLIC ACID (LNR-G-AA)

9:15 am Mohamad Shahrul Fizree Idris Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PSCM-07-Idris)

OPTIMISATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF HYDROGENATION OF LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER USING P-TOLUENESULFONYL HYDRAZIDE (TSH) BY RSM

9:30 am Nurul Faizah Abd Ghapar Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(PSCM-09-Ghapar)

UREA COATED WITH CHITOSAN GRAFTED PMMA FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE BEHAVIOUR OF FERTILIZER

9:45 am Merin Sara Thomas Mar Thoma College, India

(PSCM-10-Thomas)

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES

10:00 am Manjusha Elizabeth Mathew Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PSCM-11-Mathew)

POLYCHLOROMETHYL STYRENE AMMONIUM CHLORIDE FOR ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS

10:15 am Nurul Amalina Ab Rahman Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PSCM-20-Rahman)

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF THE STARCH GRAFTED C-2-SULFOPHENYLCALIX[4] RESORCINARENE FOR ADSORPTION OF N719 DYE



9:00 am Nuraishah Ahmad Shahrim International Islamic University

Malaysia (PPC-02-Shahrim)

THE EFFECTS OF GLYCEROL ADDITION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC FILMS BASED ON JACKFRUIT SEED STARCH

9:15 am Abitha V. Kaliyathan Mahatma Gandhi University

(PPC-05-Kaliyathan)

EFFECT OF BLEND RATIO AND MIXING TECHNIQUES ON CARBON BLACK FILLED NR/SBR BLENDS

9:30 am Ahmad Kifli Che Aziz RRIM Research Station

(PPC-04-Aziz)

GREEN RETREADED TYRE BASED ON EPOXIDISED NATURAL RUBBER (ENR) BLENDS IN URBAN BUSES

9:45 am Chin Siew Xian (Dr.) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PPC-08-Chin)

MECHANICAL PRETREATED OIL PALM EFB FIBRES FOR IMPROVED METHYLENE BLUE ADSORPTION

10:00 am Arunima Reghunadhan Mahatma Gandhi University

(PPC-09-Reghunadhan)

NANOSTRUCTURED TRANSPARENT BLENDS OF RECYCLED POLYURETHANE WITH EPOXIES: PHASE SEPARATION AND MORPHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

10:15 am Nur Nadia Samsudin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(PPC-10-Samsudin)

THE EFFECT OF CATALYST CONCENTRATION, TEMPERATURE AND TIME FOR NOVEL PALM OIL BASED PLASTICIZER CONTAINING PHOSPHORUS BASED FLAME RETARDANT

19th July 2017 (Wednesday) Parallel Presentation Session II

VENUE: AUDITORIUM


2:25 pm Chen Ruey Shan (Dr.) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PCB-06-Chen)

WATER ABSORPTION, TENSILE AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RICE HUSK FILLED RECYCLED THERMOPLASTIC BLEND GREEN COMPOSITES

2:40 pm Wan Zarina Wan Mohamed Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PCB-14-Mohamed)

THE EFFECT OF HEXADECYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE (HDS) ON MENGKUANG REINFORCED HDPE/NR COMPOSITES

2:55 pm Nurzam Ezdiani Zakaria Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PCB-19-Zakaria)

EFFECTS OF FIBER SIZE ON SANSEVIERIA TRIFASCIATA/NATURAL RUBBER/HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (STF/NR/HDPE) BIOCOMPOSITES

3:10 pm Noor Afizah Rosli (Dr.) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PCB-23-Rosli)

RENEWABLE BIOCOMPOSITES FROM BLENDS OF POLYLACTIC ACID/NATURAL RUBBER COMPATIBILIZED LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER WITH AGAVE CELLULOSE FIBERS

3:25 pm Tham Mun Wai Universiti Sains Malaysia

(PCB-16-Tham)

STUDY ON BAMBOO PLAIN WEAVE FABRIC/POLY(LACTIC ACID) COMPOSITES COMPATIBILIZED WITH MALEIC ANHYDRIDE

3:40 pm Siti Nurkhamidah Institut Teknologi Sepuluh

Nopember (PCB-05-Nurkhamidah)

EFFECT OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE ON THE HYDROPHILICITY OF CELLULOSE ACETATE/POLYETYLENE GLYCOL MEMBRANE



2:25 pm Selvin Palakattukunnel Thomas (Dr.)

Royal Commission Colleges & Institutes

(PNC-12-Thomas)

HIGHLY STABLE NANOCOMPOSITES OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES

2:40 pm Preetha Balakrishnan Mahatma Gandhi University

(PNC-26-Balakrishnan)

MORPHOLOGY AND POLYMER CHAIN CONFINEMENT IN NANOCOMPOSITE BASED ON THERMOPLASTIC POTATO STARCH AND CELLULOSE NANOFIBER FORM PINEAPPLE LEAF

2:55 pm Krishna Prasad Rajan (Dr.) Royal Commission Colleges &

Institutes (PNC-10-Rajan)

NANOCOMPOSITES OF POLYBLENDS OF POLYPROPYLENE AND POLYLACTIC ACID CONTAINING HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES

3:10 pm Siti Salina Sarkawi (Dr.) RRIM Research Station

(PNC-02-Sarkawi)

PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE NANO-FILLER REINFORCED EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOSITES

3:25 pm Miroslav Štěpánek (Dr.) Charles University (PNC-11-Štěpánek)

MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES AND POLYELECTROLYTES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS: CO-ASSEMBLY BEHAVIOR AND APPLICATIONS

3:40 pm Remya Vasudevan P.R. Amma University of Johannesburg

(PNC-07-Amma)

HIGHLY TOUGHENED NANOSTRUCTURED THERMOSETS FROM EPOXY/BLOCK COPOLYMER BLEND SYSTEM – AEROSPACE, AUTOMOBILE AND ADHESIVE APPLICATIONS



2:25 pm Nur Nida Syamimi Subri Universiti Putra Malaysia

(PSCM-27-Subri)

HYDRAZINE-MODIFIED HYPERCROSSLINKED POLY(ACRYLONITRILE(AN)-CO-DIVINYLBENZENE(DVB)-CO-VINYLBENZYLCHLORIDE(VBC)) AS AN ADSORBENT TO CAPTURE PHARMACEUTICALS VIA DISPERSIVE SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION

2:40 pm Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim (Dr.) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(PSCM-23-Karim)

SYNTHESIS OF HOMOPOLYMER POLY(CHLOROETHYL METHACRYLATE) AND BLOCK COPOLYMER OF POLY(CHLOROETHYL METHACRYLATE)-BLOCK-POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) VIA RAFT RADICAL POLYMERISATION.

2:55 pm Teh Chin Hoong (Dr.) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PSCM-18-Teh)

BENZO[B]THIOPHENE AND THIOPHENE-ENDCAPPED THIOPHENE-DIHEXYLOXY-PHENYLENE-BASED FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING SENSORS FOR FE3+ AND CR3+

3:10 pm Farhana Syakirah Ismail Universiti Putra Malaysia

(PSCM-13-Ismail)

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF ACRYLONITRILE BASED POROUS POLYMER AS A POTENTIAL ADSORBENT TO CAPTURE POLAR ANALYTES

3:25 pm Anith Liyana Mohd Sis Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PSCM-24-Sis)

POROUS COMPOSITE ELECTRODE OF POLY(VINYL BENZYL)CHLORIDE via MOLECULAR IMPRINTING AND HYPER-CROSSLINKING TECHNIQUES

3:40 pm Muhammad Jefri Mohd Yusof Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PSCM-16-Yusof)

OPTIMIZATION OF THE HYDROGENATION OF LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER



2:00 pm Indra Surya (Dr.) (PCB-29-Surya)

EFFECT OF EPOXIDISED NATURAL RUBBERS ON CALCIUM CARBONATE FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS

2:25 pm Rohani Mustapha Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(PPC-12-Mustapha)

MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ACRYLATED EPOXIDIZED PALM OIL / EPOXY RESIN BLEND WITH BIO-BASED HARDENER

2:40 pm Dalila Shahdan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PPC-03-Shahdan)

THERMAL AND TENSILE CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER BLEND POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA)/ LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER (LNR) WITH POLYANILINE (PANI)

2:55 pm Mohd Suzeren Md Jamil (Dr.) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PPC-15-Jamil)

FRACTURE AND FATIGUE RESPONSE OF A SELF-HEALING EPOXY ADHESIVE

3:10 pm Ghiska Ramahdita Universitas Indonesia (PPC-13-Ramahdita)

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS SEQUENCE ON CRYSTALLINITY OF SORGHUM-BASED MICRO-FIBRILLATED CELLULOSE

3:25 pm Lies Agustine Wisojodarmo BPPT, Indonesia

(PPC-16-Wisojodharmo)

EFFECT OF PEPTIZER IN MASTICATION PROCESS OF NATURAL RUBBER/BUTADIENE RUBBER BLENDING: RHEOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

3:40 pm Aravinthan Gopanna Royal Commission for Yanbu-

Colleges and Institutes (PPC-11-Gopanna)

EFFECTS OF CYCLIC OLEFIN COPOLYMER BLEND RATIO ON THE PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE

20th July 2017 (Thursday) Parallel Presentation Session III

VENUE: AUDITORIUM


2:25 pm Azizah Baharum (Dr.) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PCB-17-Baharum)

THE EFFECTIVENES OF LNR AND LENR TREATMENTS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER/HDPE/MENGKUANG FIBER BIOCOMPOSITES

2:40 pm Nur Munirah Abdullah Universiti Tun Hussein Onn

Malaysia (PCB-10-Abdullah)

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GRAPHITE- RENEWABLE POLYMER (G-RP) THIN FILM THROUGH TENSILE AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

2:55 pm Hikmatun Nimah Institut Teknologi Sepuluh

Nopember (PCB-07-Nimah)

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCOMPOSITE CELLULOSE ACETATE/POLY(L-LACTIDE) BEAD AS BIODEGRADABLE ADSORBENT

3:10 pm Akhina Mahatma Gandhi University

(PCB-11-Akhina)

DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOUR OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE COMPOSITE WITH IONIC LIQUID MODIFIED RGO

3:25 pm Nipawan Yasumlee Silpakorn University (PCB-12-Yasumlee)

INFLUENCE ON FILLING SEQUENCE OF ORGANOCLAY AND MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYOXYMETHYLENE/ POLYPROPYLENE BLENDS

3:40 pm Nurul Aizan Mohd Zaini Universiti Sains Malaysia

(PCB-15-Zaini)

THERMAL, FLAMMABILITY AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SEPIOLITE FILLED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MONOMER (EPDM) COMPOSITES

3:55 pm Mohamad Haafiz M. Kassim (Dr) Universiti Sains Malaysia

(PP-03-Kassim)

CHARACTERIZATION OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILMS OBTAINED FROM OIL PALM BIOMASS VIA IONIC LIQUID

4:10 pm Sharifah Habibah Syed Khalafu Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PP-09-Khalafu)

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SULPHATED POLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACTED FROM INDONESIAN BROWN SEAWEED (Sargassum sp.)

4:25 pm Lim Seng Joe (Dr.) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PP-06-Lim)

EFFECTS OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF FUCOIDAN FROM Sargassum sp.

4:40 pm Nadhilah Muhammad Razak Universiti Sains Malaysia

(PP-02-Razak)

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HEMICELLULOSES BASED FILM PRODUCED FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH BIOMASS



2:25 pm Rasha M. Sheltami (Dr.) Universiti Putra Malaysia

(PNC-03-Sheltami)

EFFECT OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS ON THE WATER ABSORPTION OF PVC/ENR NANOCOMPOSITES

2:40 pm Ajitha A. Ramachandran Mahatma Gandhi University (PNC-04-Ramanchandran)

SELECTIVE LOCALIZATION AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF POLY(TRIMETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)/POLYPROPYLENE/MWCNT BLEND NANOCOMPOSITES

2:55 pm Aswathi Madathinal Kunjappan Mahatma Gandhi University

(PNC-05-Kunjappan)

ELECTRICAL AND WETTING PROPERTIES OF POLYTRIMETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PTT)/MULTI WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE (MWCNT) NANOCOMPOSITES

3:10 pm Bicy K Mahatma Gandhi University

(PNC-13-Bicy)

ELECTROSPUN PVDF-TrFE/ Al2O3 NANOFIBEROUS MEMBRANES AS LITHIUM ION BATTERY SEPARTAOR

3:25 pm Thomasukutty Jose Amal Jyothi College of

Engineering (PNC-34-Jose)

EFFECT OF NANOFILLERS ON THE PERVAPORATION PERFORMANCE OF PVA NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE MATERIALS

3:40 pm Min Min Aung Universiti Putra Malaysia

(PNC-16-Aung)

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF POLYURETHANE ACRYLATE WITH GRAPHENE OXIDE FOR ANTI-CORROSIVE COATING FROM JATROPHA OIL

3:55 pm Aina Aqila Binti Arman Alim Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PM-01-Alim)

EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER/POLYVINYL CHLORIDE/CELLULOSE (ENR/PVC/CELL) BLENDS AS A MEMBRANE FOR PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) TREATMENT

4:10 pm Afifah Muhamad Sidik Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PM-03-Sidik)

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(L-LACTIC ACID)-POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) POLYURETHANE COPOLYMER WITH ACTIVATED CARBON FILLER FOR MEMBRANE APPLICATION

4:25 pm Muhammad Johan Iskandar Zahari

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PM-04-Zahari)

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENR/PVC/CELLULOSE FOR PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) TREATMENT



2:25 pm Farah Hannan Anuar (Dr.) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PECP-06-Anuar)

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(D,L-LACTIDE)-CO-POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE

2:40 pm Nur Hasyareeda Hassan (Dr.) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PECP-07-Hassan)

STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PURIFICATION OF IOTA CARRAGEENAN AS SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE

2:55 pm Mohamad Faizzi Abd Halim Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PECP-11-Faizzi)

CONDUCTIVITY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES BASED ON PALM BASED POLYURETHANE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL APPLICATION

3:10 pm Siti Munirah Manap Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PECP-04-Manap)

CONDUCTIVITY STUDY OF PLA-BASED POLYMER ELECTROLYTE SALTED WITH LITHIUM PERCHLORIDE, LIClO4

3:25 pm Adibatul Husna Fadzil Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PECP-09-Fadzil)

SYNTHESIZE OF POLYPYRROLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE USING GRAPHENE OXIDE AND SUGAR

3:40 pm Farrah Diyana Zailan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PECP-01-Zailan)

CHARACTERIZATION OF CONDUCTIVES TPNR/PANI BLENDS: MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

3:55 pm Shuhib Mamat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PECP-08-Mamat)

CONDUCTIVITY AND DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOUR STUDIES ON SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BASED 49% POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) GRAFTED NATURAL RUBBER (MG49) BLENDS

4:10 pm Meriem Latifi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PECP-12-Latifi)

POTENTIAL OF CHITIN DERIVATIVES AS BIO-POLYMER ELECTROLYTE

4:25 pm Md Ahsanul Haque Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PECP-02-Haque)

TAGUCHI OPTIMIZATION OF ACID DOPED POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE PEM FUEL CELL



2:25 pm Ain Athirah Zainuddin Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(PSCM-19-Zainuddin)

ANTIFOULING PEROPERTIES OF POLY(ETHELYNE GLYCOL)-POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE POLYURETHANE AGAINST MARINE BACTERIA

2:40 pm Tran Van Tron Chonnam National University

(PSCM-06-Tron)

SUPER TOUGH AND HIGHLY STRETCHABLE NANOMICELLE CROSS-LINK HYDROGELS

2:55 pm Noorhasmiera Abu Jahar Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(ORA-01-Jahar)

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED METHANOLYSIS OF GLUCOSE AND SAP INTO METHYL LEVULINATE CATALYZED BY Al2(SO4)3

3:10 pm Zaliha binti Wahid Universiti Putra Malaysia

(PPC-17-Wahid)

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE DURABILITY OF POLYMER BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

3:25 pm Sreerag Gopi Gandhigram Rural Institute -

Deemed University (GP-02-Gopi)

A FACILE FABRICATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE/CHITOSAN FILMS FROM NON-HAZARDOUS SOLVENT, CHARACTERISATION, MODIFICATION AND USED AS EFFICIENT REUSABLE GREEN ADSORBENT FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT

3:40 pm Anshida Mayeen Mahatma Gandhi University

(MP-01-Mayeen)

STRUCTURAL, ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETOELECTRIC PROPERTIES NIFe2O4-PVDF-TRFE CASTED FILMS.

3:55 pm Muhammad Shafiq Bin Mohd Azahari

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

(PCB-04-Azahari)

AN ACOUSTIC STUDY OF POLYURETHANE COMPOSITE FOAM WITH ADDED WOOD FIBER

4:10 pm Sarala A/P Selambakkannu Malaysian Nuclear Agency (PCB-28-Selambakkannu)

ADSORPTION STUDIES OF PACKED COLUMN FOR THE REMOVAL OF DYES USING AMINE FUNCTIONALIZED RADIATION INDUCED GRAFTED FIBER

4:25 pm Wong See Kiat International Medical University

(PMA-01-Wong)

STAR-BRANCHED FOLATE-CONJUGATED PLLA-PEG BLOCK COPOLYMERS AS NANOCARRIERS FOR TARGETED DELIVERY OF DOXORUBICIN

Poster Presentation

Presenter Code Title

Jiji Abraham PNC-06-Abraham

INFLUENCE OF IONIC LIQUID MODIFIED MWCNT NETWORKS ON RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR AND MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES

Sened Nassiba PNC-08-Nassiba

ELABORATION OF NANOBIOCOMPOSITES BASED ON POLYCAPROLACTONE (PCL) AND ZINC OXIDE (ZnO).

Mohammad Fauzul Azim Bin Mohd Khairudin

PNC-17-Khairudin EFFECT OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) ON THE PROPERTIES OF HYDROPHOBIC SILICA AEROGEL

Sharifah Nur Atikah Alyahya Syed Firzatul Akbar PNC-22-Akbar

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON PHOTOCURABLE POLYMER MEMBRANE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR APPLICATION

Siti Mariam Binti Mohd Zahiruddin PNC-23-Zahiruddin

PROPERTIES OF STARCH/CaCO3 BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS PRODUCED VIA SOLVENT CASTING METHOD

Jayatin PNC-25-Jayatin

DEGRADATION STUDY OF LLDPE-STARCH-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITE FILM USING XENON ARC AND CHARACTERIZED ON MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Darfizzi Bin Derawi (Dr.) PNC-33-Derawi

SYNTHESIS OF NANO-STRUCTURED ALUMINOSILICATE FROM PEG-PPG-PEG (PLURONIC P123) USING TRUE LIQUID CRYSTAL TEMPLATING METHOD

Siti Zarina Binti Zakuwan PNC-28-Zakuwan

MECHANICAL, RHEOLOGICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS BASED ON K-CARRAGEENAN: EFFECTS OF HYBRIDIZATION CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS AND ORGANICALLY MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE

Lee Hwei Voon (Dr.) PNC-31-Lee

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TEMPO-OXIDIZED NANOFIBRILS FILMS AS ELECTROACTIVE PAPER

Mohd Farid Hakim Bin Mohd Ruf PNC-32-Ruf

MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC NATURAL RUBBER (TPNR) FILLED GRAPHENE NANOPLATET (GNP) NANOCOMPOSITES

Satriani Aga Pasma PSCM-14-Pasma BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER ORGANOGEL AS DRUG CARRIER FOR CURCUMIN

Sharina Abu Hanifah (Dr.) PSCM-15-Hanifah

PREPARATION OF COVALENTLY FUNCTIONALIZED METHACRYLATE-ACRYLATE COPOLYMER BASED MICROSPHERES FOR LACCASE IMMOBILIZATION

Fatin Afifah Binti Ahmad Kuthi PSCM-22-Kuthi SACCHARIFICATION OF KENAF CORE AND BAST: DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATE CONTENTS

Hawa Aqilah Binti Hamuzan PSCM-25-Hamuzan

PREPARATION OF PALM-BASED POLYURETHANE-MONTMORILLONITE MEMBRANE VIA CONDENSATION POLYMERISATION

Fauzani Binti Md. Salleh PCB-20-Salleh

KENAF FIBER REINFORCED HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES: IMPACT AND THERMAL PROPERTIES AFTER THE ADDITION OF COMPATIBILIZER

Noor Marlyna Ismail PCB-22-Ismail

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION ON TENSILE, THERMAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)/DURIAN SEED STARCH (DSS) COMPOSITES.

Sirinan Ratchawong PCB-23-Ratchawong

MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID)/ETHYLENE-METHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER/ORGANOCLAY COMPOSITES

Chee Siew Sand PCB-27-Chee

A REVIEW ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ROSELLE FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES

Elmi Sharlina Binti Md Suhaimi PP-01-Suhaimi SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CATIONIC STARCH FROM Dioscorea pyrifolia

Balqis Az-Zahraa Binti Norizan PP-05-Norizan

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE MICROSPHERES BY EMULSION AND SUSPENSION TECHNIQUE

Norzita Yacob PP-08-Yacob PREPARATION OF STARCH/PEG FILMS AND THEIR MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Anis Tasnim Binti Md Yusof PPC-06-Yusof

DEVELOPMENT OF EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER 50 (ENR50) BASED POLYMER ELECTROLYTES WITH SILICA AS FILLERS BY USING DRY INTERNAL MIXING METHOD - ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Mashael Alshabanat PPC-07-Alshabanat LLDPE/ LEAFLET COMPOSITES: CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY OF PROPERTIES

Siti Noorul Aina Binti Ab Rahim PPC-14-Rahim EFFECT OF POLYMER VISCOSITY ON AS-SPUN FIBER FROM BIO-PHENOLIC RESIN

Noriah Binti Abdul Rahman PECP-05-Rahman POTENTIAL OF CHITOSAN DERIVATIVES BASED ON NITRO AS BIOPOLIMER SOLID ELECTROLYTE

Marwah Binti Rayung PECP-10-Rayung CONDUCTIVITY STUDY OF JATROPHA OIL BASED-POLYURETHANE ACRYLATE AS BIO-POLYMER ELECTROLYTES

Jiya Jose (Dr.) PMA-03-Jose

A LOW COST AEROGEL ENGINEERED FROM CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC WOUNDS

Thean Heng Tan PMA-04-Lee

BIOCOMPATIBILITY STUDY OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS FOR POTENTIAL BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION

Ruslimie Che Ali PC-02-Ali SOME PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX FROM VARIOUS SPECIES OF THE HEVEA FAMILY

Suria Ramli (Dr.) PC-03-Ramli EFFECT OF LIMONENE ON THE OLEIC ACID-BASED MICROEMULSION

Anuar Bin Othman PC-04-Othman

THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING NONIONIC SURFACTANT IN PRODUCING PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE

Lee Hwei Voon GP-04-Lee

CELLULOSE NANOMATERIAL DERIVED FROM RED ALGAE MARINE BIOMASS GELIDIUM ELEGANS

Rosiah Rohani PM-06-Yusoff

NANOFILTRATION POLYELECTROLYTE PANI MEMBRANE DERIVED FROM LAYER-BY-LAYER FOR PRESSURE DRIVEN FILTRATION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION

Plenary Lecture 1 (PS-BP-01-Jin)

LESSONS WE LEARN FROM THE MATERIALS SCIENCE OF DNA

Young-Wan Kwon1, Chang-Hoon Lee2, Dong-Hoon Choi3 and Jung-Il Jin1*

1KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea,

2Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea 3 Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

This presentation consists of three main parts. In the first part, optical and optoelectronic

properties of natural and modified DNAs will be discussed. Natural DNAs are water soluble

and natural counter ions of DNA phosphate anions are sodium ions (Na+). If the sodium ions

are replaced with long alkyl quaternary onium ions, such as ammonium ions, DNA becomes

soluble in common organic solvents and is able to form high quality films. We employed long

alkyl ammonium ions containing various terminal functional groups in the alkyl chains in

order to render useful optical or optoelectronic properties. Carbazole, styrylpyrene, and

chalcone groups are representative examples. We studied fluorescence, thin film transistor,

and light-emitting diodes properties of such modified DNAs.

In the second part, magnetic properties of natural and modified DNAs will be discussed.

Especially, the room temperature ferromagnetism of metal-complexed DNAs and DNAs

intercalated with stable organic free radicals will be discussed. Detailed studies of their

electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetization were made by EPR spectroscopy and

SQUID magnetization measurement.

In the last part, utilization of organic discotic liquid crystals as mimics of DNA in the

development of high temperature ferromagnetic compositions will be discussed. When we

mixed DLCs with low levels of iron(III) phthalocyanine or stable organic free radicals, the

composites were found to be ferromagnetic even at room or higher temperatures.

These findings open a new approach in developing high temperatures, organic ferromagnetic

compositions that should be able to find applications in modern magnetic data storage and

display devices.

Keywords: DNA, modified DNAs, optical properties, magnetic properties, ferromagnetism,

EPR, SQUID

Plenary Lecture 2 (PS-PNC-01-Thomas)

ENGINEERING AT THE NANOSCALE: A STRATEGY FOR

DEVELOPING HIGH PERFORMANCE FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Sabu Thomas

International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences,

Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills P. O.

Kottayam, Kerala, India -686 560


The talk will concentrate on various approaches being used to engineer materials at the

nanoscale for various applications in future technologies. In particular, the case of

clay, carbon nanostructures (e.g. nanotubes, graphene), metal oxides, bionanomaterials

(cellulose, starch and chitin) will be used to highlight the challenges and progress. Several

polymer systems will be considered such as rubbers, thermoplastics, thermosets and their

blends for the fabrication of functional polymer nanocomposites. The interfacial activity of

nanomaterials in compatibilising binary polymer blends will also be discussed. Various self-

assembled architectures of hybrid nanostructures can be made using relatively simple

processes. Some of these structures offer excellent opportunity to probe novel nanoscale

behavior and can impart unusual macroscopic end properties. I will talk

about various applications of these materials, taking into account their multifunctional

properties. Some of the promising applications of clay, metal oxides, nanocellulose, chitin,

carbon nanomaterials and their hybrids will be reviewed. Finally the effect of dewetting up

on solvent rinsing on nanoscale thin films will also be discussed.

Keywords: bionanomaterials, graphene, carbon nanomaterials, binary polymer blends,

multifunctional

Plenary Lecture 3 (PS-PSCM-01-Ikeda)

BIOMOLECULE-RESPONSIVE SELF-ASSEMBLED

SUPRAMOLECULAR MATERIALS

Masato Ikeda1,2,3*

1Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu

University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan 2United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1

Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan 3Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), Gifu 501-

1193, Japan


Soft matters such as supramolecular hydrogels composed of self-assembled nanofibers

exhibiting stimuli-response under aqueous conditions are attractive owing to their numerous

potential bio-applications. However, installing macroscopic response toward structurally

complex biochemical stimuli into them remains a challenge. Here we show that redox-

responsive peptide-based hydrogels can encapsulate enzymes whilst retaining their activities

and co-operative coupling of enzymatic reactions with the gel response allows us to construct

unique stimuli responsive soft materials capable of sensing a variety of disease-related

biomarkers. The programmable gel-sol response even to biological samples is visible to the

naked eye. Furthermore, we built the Boolean logic gates, OR and AND gates into the

hydrogel-enzyme hybrid materials, which were able to simultaneously sense plural specific

biochemicals and execute a controlled drug release through the logical calculation.[1] The

intelligent soft materials that we developed may prove valuable in future medical diagnostics

or treatments.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of Ox⊂BPmoc-F3 hybrid gels. Information in the form of molecular input

is received by enzyme (oxidases) and converted into H2O2, which eventually gives rise to gel-sol change as

output through the degradation of matrix consisting of H2O2-responsive nanofiber.

Keywords: Self-assembly, Stimuli-responsiveness, Nanomaterials, Nanofiber, Hydrogel

[1] M. Ikeda, T. Tanida, T. Yoshii, K. Kurotani, S. Onogi, K. Urayama, I. Hamachi, Nat. Chem., 2014, 6, 511–518.

Keynote Lecture 1 (KS-PPC-01-Akil)

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN 3D PRINTING OF POLYMERS AND

THEIR COMPOSITES

Hazizan Md Akil*1, Tuan Noraihan Azila Tuan Rahim1

1School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal,

Pulau Pinang.


Additive manufacturing or more colloquially referred as 3D printing is emerged as one of the

attractive manufacturing option to build intricate parts without human intervention. Allowing

for product customization, the technology has been introduced approximately three decades

ago for variety types of material including metal, ceramic and polymer. However, it was just

for the past few years that this technology becoming more popular and rapidly growing for

various applications. The technique based on hot melt extrusion process is among of the most

widely used, known as fused deposition modeling (FDM). Recently, by taking advantages of

the ability to be prepared in the form of filament feedstock, as well as possessing moderate

melting temperature, FDM predominantly targets the production of thermoplastic polymers

and their composites. Hence, this review focused on the recent developments of the FDM

technique with strong emphasis on its product development and properties of thermoplastic

polymers and their composites. The scenario on how this technology affecting the automotive,

aerospace and medical industries, the challenges and future outlook of FDM research are also

explored.

Keywords: 3D printing, additive manufacturing, fused deposition modeling, thermoplastic

polymer, mechanical properties

Keynote Lecture 2 (KS-GP-01-Chalid)

BIOMASS EMPORWERMENT IN POLYMER PRODUCT

TECHNOLOGY

Mochamad Chalid 1*

1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424,

Indonesia, Phone +62 21 786 3510


Biomass is a renewable source from living or recently living plant and animal materials, such

as Ligno-cellulose (such as wood and agricultural residues) and algae. Biomass has been

identified as an attractive source of some products for starting materials such as levulinic acid,

starch, lignin, celluloses and algae for a wide range of material products. Levulinic acid (LA)

is a versatile multi-purpose building block due to the presence of two reactive functional

groups, i.e. a ketone and a carboxylic group. LA may be converted to a number of derivatives

such as ɤ-valerolactone (GVL) considered as a starting material to build versatile polymers

such as noval polyurethanes, polyureas and nylons. Lignin is considered to be functionalized

into raw materials for polymers and chemicals, used in various products such as adhesives,

composites, elastomers, curing agent and compatibilizing agent in plastic wastes modified

butiment. As the second most abundant biomass material in nature, starch can be used as

fillers to improve mechanical and barrier properties of biocomposites. it can also

functiolinized into polymers and compatibilizing agent in polyblends and composites.

Cellulose fibers are being used as potential reinforcing materials because of so many

advantages such as abundantly available, low weight, biodegradable, cheaper, renewable, low

abrasive nature, interesting specific properties, and exhibit good mechanical properties.

Cellulose fibers also have some disadvantages such as moisture absorption, quality variations,

low thermal stability, and poor compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrix such as

polyethylene and polypropylene. Futhermore study was performed by chemical treatments

such as alkalinization, bleaching and hydrolysis, to anticipate their disadvantages. The

treatments obtain some advantages such as cellulose fibrilation into micro-fibrilated and nano-

fibrilated celluloses, obtaining enhancement in some properties and a potential nucelating

agent. Algal biomass is an excellent renewable resource for typical polymers such as alginate

and lectins. alginate has the limited physical properties. Becuase of weakness in compatibility,

alginate needs to be modified to differentiate pathogenesis cell in drug delivery system

applications. Lectins grafted alginate as a new alginate structure adjustment which

simultaneously enhance its acidic and enzymatic degradation resistance. This new smart

biopolymer is expected to be able to serve as molecule vehicle as well as adhesive moiety

(mucoadhesive) to deliver molecules to a specific site.

Keywords: biomass, levulinic acid, starch, lignin, celluloses, algae, compatibilizing agent,

levulinic acid, ɤ-valerolactone, lectins, alginate, mucoadhesive, polyurethanes, micro-

fibrilated, nano-fibrilated celluloses

Keynote Lecture 3 (KS-PNC-01-Uyama)

FUNCTIONAL NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON BACTERIAL

CELLULOSE

Hiroshi Uyama1*

1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan


Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a fermentation product using a medium containing glucose and

Gluconacetobacter xylinus. In most cases, BC is obtained as a hydrogel form. In comparison

to plant-derived cellulose, BC has several interesting characteristics such as nano-sized

network structure, high purity, high crystallinity and high moisture content (around 99%).

Additionally, BC with layered structure is formed under static culture conditions. This study

provides a new strategy to prepare functional composites containing BC, which have

characteristic functions based on BC.

We have developed one-dimensional swelling-shrinkage of a dried sheet of BC-poly(sodium

acrylate) nanocomposites in water. The nanocomposite was readily synthesized by the

polymerization of sodium acrylate and acrylic acid with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide in the

presence of BC hydrogel and the dried sheet was obtained by drying the nanocomposite at

heating. When the sheet was immersed in water, the thickness of the sheet extensively

changed in comparison with the horizontal size. The vertical swelling ratio of the composite

sheet against the horizontal one reached maximum 5, and the swollen sheet shrunk to the

original shape by drying under vacuum. This swelling-shrinkage cycle could be repeatedly

conducted.

BC/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) monolith composite (BC-PAN) was prepared by solvent-

exchange of BC gel and phase separation of PAN. BC-PAN had 3D-3D interconnected porous

structure in the BC layer. Hierarchically 3D-structural carbon was prepared from BC-PAN

and applied for electrodes of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs). The unique structure

of BC-PAN gave good EDLC behaviors without a conductive agent.

Keywords: Bacterial cellulose, composite, monolith, electric double layer capacitor

Invited Lecture 1 (IS-PM-01-Othaman)

SMART MATERIALS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND

SEQUESTRATION

Rizafizah Othaman1,2*, Farhan Mohd Nor1, Nurul Hanisah Mohd1, Zaitun Ghazali1

1 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

2Polymer Research Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


The increase in global carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, along with other greenhouse gases

such as methane and nitrous oxide, is a major cause of global warming. Fossil fuel emissions

accounted for about 91% of total CO2 emissions from human sources in 2014. This portion

of emissions originates from coal (42%), oil (33%), gas (19%), cement (6%) and gas flaring

(1%). The challenges are to reduce the CO2 in the air by 1) efficient use of energy, 2) reducing

carbon intensity by switching from traditional fuel to carbon-free fuel or non-fossil fuels such

as hydrogen and renewable energy and 3) enhancing the capturing and sequestration of CO2

(CCS). In this paper, we are discussing on the later by utilizing the smart materials of

adsorbent and membrane. Carbon fixation by natural processes includes forestation, ocean

fertilization, photosynthesis and mineral carbonation but the cost is significant. The artificial

methods are mainly by chemical absorption by amine-based, carbonate-based and ammonia-

based systems. However, the drawbacks are corrosion in equipment and the difficulty to

utilize the absorbed CO2 in its current form. Thus, adsorbents in solid form are highly desired.

Our research group produced aerogel as smart adsorbent and polymeric membrane for

separation of CO2 in air to further utilize the gas. The aerogel is based on natural polymer i.e.

cellulose and nanocellulose from various biomass sources, modified and grafted to enhance

the sorption. Meanwhile, rubber is used as the membrane matrix to produce dense membrane

with fillers to selectively facilitate the diffusion of CO2 gas. The smart materials can be used

in various sustainable applications for CCS.

Keywords: CCS, smart aerogel, smart polymeric membrane, rubber, biomass, adsorption

Invited Lecture 2 (IS-PECP-02-Majid)

ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR WITH BLEND

POLYMER ELECTROLYTE : ELECTROCHEMICAL

PERFORMANCE AT DIFFERENT VOLTAGES

S. R. Majid* and S. Nuur Syahidah

Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

A series of polymer electrolyte films based on poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)/poly(vinylidene

fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF–HFP), magnesium triflate (MgTr) and [bdmim]BF4

has been prepared by varying the concentration of [bdmim]BF4 (2.5 to 15) wt%, respectively

using solution cast technique. These samples were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM,

DSC and AC impedance spectroscopic techniques. The best conducting electrolyte was used

in the EDLC fabrication and its electrochemical behaviour was characterised by linear sweep

voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry

(CV) and charge-discharge test. The results obtained showed that the studied GPE-IL sample

is suitable to be used in symmetrical solid-state EDLC application.

Keywords: Conductivity, FTIR, Polymer Electrolyte, Ionic Liquid

mailto:[email protected]

Invited Lecture 3 (IS-GP-01-Badri)

POLYURETHANE MEMBRANE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR METHYL

ORANGE AND ETHYL VIOLET DYES

Badri, K. H. 1,2, 1Ismail, F. H. and Mohamad, S.3

1Polymer Research Center

2School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur


Ethyl violet (EV) and methyl orange (MO) are commercial dyes used in a large number of

industries. Due to their complex chemical structures and synthetic nature, these dyes are highly

stable to light and oxidation making them non-biodegradable, highly toxic, carcinogenic and

mutagenic in nature. Among all techniques, adsorption continues to attract considerable

attention due to its simplistic approach and numerous benefits such as greater efficiency,

capacity to remove dyes on a large scale, ease of recovery, and recyclability of adsorbents. A

palm-based polyurethane membrane (PU) has been synthesized into adsorbent and its ability

to adsorb the dye molecules was investigated. The PU membrane was produced via

condensation polymerization between palm-based monoester (PKOp) and 4,4-methylene

diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) with acetone as the solvent. The FTIR spectrum has confirmed

the formation of urethane linkage (HN-(C)O) through the presence of N-H, C-NH, C-O-C and

C=O urethane peaks which were observed at 3293 cm-1, 1602cm-1, 1221 cm-1 dan 1716 cm-1

respectively. Tensile testing has demonstrated that as the thickness of membrane is increased,

the elasticity also increased proportionally with increasing tensile strain ranging from 6.7 MPa

to 7.42 MPa. Various adsorption parameters such as initial concentration of dyes, effect of pH,

effect of adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied and optimized. The adsorption study

revealed that approximately 99% of EV and 25% of MO was adsorbed by the PU membrane

within a short duration of 30 minutes. The isotherm parameters were explored to study the

adsorption process by using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models.

The isotherm studies specified that the adsorption of PU membrane towards EV and MO dyes

is well fitted to Langmuir model with the value of the maximum adsorption capacities for

monolayer adsorption at 9.461 mg/g for EV and 4.340 mg/g for MO respectively.

Keywords: Polyurethane membrane, adsorption, ethyl violet, ethyl Orange, adsorption

isotherm

Invited Lecture 4 (IS-PNC-01-Ibrahim)

EFFECT OF ALKYLAMINE FUNCTIONALIZATION ON THE

PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE OXIDE

Ibrahim, N.A.1,*

, Ahmad Daud, N. and Chieng, B.W2

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

*corresponding author: [email protected]

The introduction of hydrophobic groups on graphene oxide, GO surface is an attractive

objective when aiming for compatibility with non-polar substances and making of coating

materials. In this work, GO was used as the main materials for modification in order to improve

the hydrophobicity. Gamma-ray (γ-ray) irradiation technique was used to functionalize

graphene oxide (GO) with various alkyl chain length of an alkylamine. Functionalization of

alkyl chain onto the GO was confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform

Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and X-ray Photoelectron

Spectroscopy (XPS). XRD analysis showed the diffraction peak of graphite was shifted from

2θ=26.40o to lower angle at 2θ=10.20o corresponding to an increasing the interlayer spacing

from 0.34 nm of graphite to 0.87 nm of GO upon oxidation. Further increasing of interlayer up

to 2.68 nm for GO-A18 was observed after functionalization suggested the long alkyl chain

was successful intercalated between graphene sheets. FTIR spectra verified the existence of

oxygen functionalities on GO after been oxidized by modified Hummers method.

Functionalization by γ-ray irradiation method was able to attach alkyl chain on the surfaces of

GO by the appearance of significant peaks around 2928-2863 cm-1 corresponding to the C-H

stretching vibration of the alkyl chain (CH2). The removal of oxygen functionalities was

confirmed by decreasing of O/C ratio in XPS analysis. The effects of various alkyl lengths

functionalized-GO on morphological and thermal properties were also investigated. The

addition of alkyl chain on GO surfaces significantly improves the thermal stability of GO,

suggesting their great potential for hydrophobic material in for various applications. Scanning

Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed an increase in surface roughness after

functionalization. The contact angle increased with the increase of the alkyl chain (GO-A12,

91.12o while GO-A18, 114.11o). The successful attachment of alkylamine chain on GO sheets

offers a great idea for hydrophobic materials preparation

Invited Lecture 5 (IS-PNC-01-Juan)

POLYANILINE-TiO2-MO NANOCOMPOSITES AND THEIR

APPLICATION IN PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION

Joon Ching Juan1,*, Nur Aziera Jumat1,2, Wan Jefrey Basirun1,2, and Sook Wai Phang3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

1Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation), University

of Malaya

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya. 3Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Science and Computing, Tunku Abdul Rahman University

College.


A ternary photocatalyst system PAni-TiO2-MO with differing secondary metal oxide namely

ZnO, Fe3O4 and Mn2O3 was successfully synthesized by template free method. The prepared

nanocomposites were characterised by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier Transform

Infrared (FTIR), Raman, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning

Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The ternary PAni-TiO2-MO nanocomposites possess

nanorod or nanotube structure which occurred through elongation of micelles with PAni

encapsulate TiO2 and metal oxide. The photocatalytic activity showed that PAni-TiO2-Fe3O4

exhibited higher photocatalytic activity with 93.3% degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5)

as compared with PAni-TiO2-ZnO (66.9%) and PAni-TiO2-Mn2O3 (79.3%). The presence of

PAni connecting to TiO2 and secondary metal oxide, Fe3O4 has enhanced the separation of

electron-hole pair which resulted in better photocatalytic activity than that of TiO2 and PAni-

TiO2. In addition, the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in PAni-TiO2-Fe3O4 is indirectly increased

the production of OH• radical via Fenton reaction and thus further accelerate degradation of

RB5. Among three different type of secondary metal oxide (ZnO, Fe3O4 and Mn2O3), Fe3O4

has proven to be the best secondary metal oxide in ternary photocatalyst system of PAni-

TiO2-MO.

Keywords: PAni, Photocatalysis, Reactive Black 5 Dye, Titania, Iron oxide

Invited Lecture 6 (IS-PECP-01-Jaafar)

POLYMERIC BASED ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FOR DIRECT

METHANOL FUEL CELL APPLICATION

Juhana Jaafar*, Nuha Awang, M. H. D. Othman, Mukhlis A Rahman, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Farhana Aziz, N.

Yusof

Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Department of Energy Engineering, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia


Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a type of fuel cell which uses methanol as a fuel. Recent

years have seen extensive research on the improvement of the polyelectrolyte membrane

(PEM) in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. High methanol crossover and low

proton conductivity are two technical challenges encountered by PEM in DMFC application.

The development of organic–inorganic nanocomposite PEMs seems to be attractive in solving

the issues and sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is one of the most promising

aromatic polymers that have been extensively studied as PEM for DMFC application. The

fabrication of composite polymer electrolyte membrane SPEEK with adding clay, inorganic

oxide, conductive polymer, protons conductive fillers and zeolite are considered to be the most

promising technique in producing a high potential polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for

DMFC application. The incorporation of clay as inorganic fillers for reducing methanol

crossover is interesting to be explored. The effect of filler loading has been proved as an

important parameter that have to be addressed as it determines whether the composite formed

is exfoliated, normal or intercalated composite and it affects the state of filler dispersion in

SPEEK matrix. Apart of that, electrospinning is another approach towards improvement of

dispersion state of nanocomposite structure. It is also could produce a membrane with good

physico-chemico properties desirable for DMFC application. SP/e-spunCL nanofibers were

fabricated via electrospinning process in which SPEEK at 61% of degree of sulfonation was

used as carrier polymer. Characterizations on physical, morphological and thermal properties

of SP/e-spunCL were conducted and compared to SPEEK/cloisite (SPCL) membrane

fabricated by simple casting technique comprised of 0.17 wt. % Cloisite15A®. Field emission

scanning microscopy (FESEM) showed that Cloisite15A® was well electrospun with the

nanofiber diameter ranging from 429.0 nm-10202.0 nm. In addition, x-ray diffraction proved

that the dispersion state of Cloisite15A® fell into exfoliated state. An optimum amount of

Cloisite15A® (0.17 wt. %) in SP/e-spunCL had successfully enhanced the proton conductivity

up to 62% whereas; methanol permeability value was successfully decreased 35 times lower

than SPCL. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of SP/e-spunCL17 were 12.212

mScm-1and 1.22 x 10-7 cm2s-1, respectively. SP/e-spunCL17 had the highest power density

which was 1.18 mWcm−2 in which 80 % higher than that of SPCL membrane. This study

contributed to a selectivity of 99.34x104 mScm-3s higher than SPCL. The electrospinning

process had shown a promising technique to improve the dispersion of Cloisite15A® in

SPEEK polymer matrix and thus enhancing the SPEEK based membrane performance in

DMFC applications.

Invited Lecture 7 (IS-PSCM-01-Kutsumizu)

LIGHT-DRIVEN TRANSITION OF LAMELLAR

TO THREE-DIMENTIONALLY PERIODIC STRUCTURES

OF LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS

Shoichi kutsumizu,* Aya Nagai, Mariko Mizutani, and Yohei Miwa

Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science,

Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan


In the field of block copolymers and

liquid crystalline (LC) systems, transitions

between one-dimensionally ordered lamellar

and three-dimensionally periodic

bicontinuous cubic (Cubbi) structures are one

of mysterious transformations and still

attracting much attention. Our research focus

is on thermotropic rodlike LC systems where

supramolecularly organized structures also

possess fluidity, thus showing sensitivity to

external stimuli such as electric field, light,

etc. In the system presented here, thermal

expansion of the terminal chains is a major

driving force for the transformation of the

smectic C (SmC) LC phase with a lamellar

structure to the Cubbi LC structure (Fig. 1(a)),

and thus, both phases are thermally

transformable to and from each other. The

former structure is optically anisotropic and

relatively fluidic, whereas the latter is

optically isotropic and viscous, so their

physical properties are largely different.

Our research group has recently

developed a binary mixture exhibiting a

light-induced SmC-to-Cubbi phase transition

[1,2]. It is certain that trans-cis

photoisomerization of azo guest molecule in

the mixture is a trigger for the transition, but

it is not clear how the isomerization drives the transition. In the presentation, we discuss the

liquid crystalline structures formed and possible transition mechanisms both by heat and light

(Fig. 1). Furthermore, we mention that chemical modifications of both host Cubbi phase-

forming and guest azo molecules greatly influence the transition behavior with light (Fig. 2). [1] R. Hori et al., Chem. Eur. J., 18, 7346–7350 (2012). [2] R. Hori et al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 118, 3743–3749 (2014).

Keywords: Liquid crystal, Cubic phase, Phase transition, Light induction, Azobenzene,

Nanostructure

Thermal expansion

of alkyl chainSmC

Ia3d Cubbi

(a)

(b)

SmCIa3d Cubbi

Generation of

cis isomer and

destabilization of

layered structure

Fig. 1. Schematic description of SmC-to-Ia3d Cubbi

phase transitions with different driving forces:

(a) thermally induced and (b) light-induced transitions.

Fig. 2. Light-driven transition behavior for repeated on-

off switching of UV irradiation.

Oral Presentation

GP-02-Gopi

A FACILE FABRICATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE/CHITOSAN

FILMS FROM NON-HAZARDOUS SOLVENT,

CHARACTERISATION, MODIFICATION AND USED AS EFFICIENT

REUSABLE GREEN ADSORBENT FOR WASTE WATER

TREATMENT

Sreerag Gopi1, Anitha Pius 1, Rupert Kargl2, Karin Stana Kleinschek2, Sabu Thomas3*

1 Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul District

– 624302, Tamilnadu, India

2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia

3 School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam–686560, Kerala, India. International

and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam –

686560, Kerala, India.


The aim of this study is to develop a material based on cellulose acetate (CA) and chitosan

(CS) fabricated via simple non-hazardous solvent casting method and modified them by

deacetylation approach. Both modified and unmodified CACS films were well characterised.

The morphology, chemical moieties and wettability were characterised using field emission

scanning electron microscope (FESEM), attenuated total reflectance fourier transform

infrarred spectroscope (ATR-FTIR) and static water contact angle (SWA) respectively. A

quantitave analysis such as charge titration experimets were conducted on the films to

determine the number of accessible charges in the films which has significant role in

adsorption phenomenon. Subsequently, the films developed by different compositions of CA

and CS were modified for the first time using deacetylation process under optimized condition

(named as DCACS) and characterised them using same above mentioned technologies. We

have clearly evaluated and obsevered several notable changes in their properties includes

morphology, chemical properties, wettability and surface charge when it compared them with

unmodified films of CACS. The impact of both unmodified and modified CACS film on fresh

water remediation were investigated by adsorbing two known dye such as acid orange 7

(AO7) and brilliant yellow (BY) from the aqueous solution. An enhanced removal efficiency

(% R) and adsorption capacity (qe (mg/g)) were observed for AO7 and BY (99.8% and 9.98

mg/g for AO7, 99.7% and 9.38 mg/g for BY) which is higher than any other material

displayed here. The experimental values best fit with second order kinetic model. The result

obtained from this research proved that modified CACS film was made by green and ease

tactic is a potetial candidate for anionic dye water treatment. Further studies are anticipated

including their use in industrial applications.

Keywords: Cellulose acetate, Water purifications, Dye adsorption, Green Solvent.

MP-01-Mayeen

STRUCTURAL, ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETOELECTRIC

PROPERTIES NIFE2O4-PVDF-TRFE CASTED FILMS.

Anshida Mayeen 1, Kala M.S 2 , Dr.Sabu Thomas 3 , Dr. Nandakumar kalarikkal1,3*

1School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India-686 560.

2Department of Physics, St. Teresa’s College, Ernakulum, Kerala, India-682 011 3International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University,

Kottayam, Kerala, India-686 560.

*Corresponding author: Nandakumar Kalarikkal (E-mail: [email protected])

NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method. XRD, FTIR, Raman characterization

techniques were used to find out the particle size and phase of the prepared magnetic

nanoparticles. These ferromagnetic nanoparticles were added to ferroelectric polymer PVDF-

TrFE matrix in order to achieve magnetoelectric coupling effect. These nanocomposite films

were prepared by adding different concentrations of nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix.

Magnetoelectric coupling in the composite films were found to be increased with increase in

filler content. FE-SEM and AFM images shows that at lower concentration of filler, particles

get non uniformly dispersed in the polymeric matrix and at higher concentration filler it is

almost uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Dielectric properties of the films were found to be

decreased with increase in filler content. Frequency and the poling field dependent P-E loop

show that leaky behavior of the filler gets reduced when it is placed in the ferroelectric

polymer matrix.

Keywords: NiFe2O4, PVDF-TrFE, magnetoelectric, Ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, dielectric,

casted films.

ORA-01-Jahar

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED METHANOLYSIS OF GLUCOSE AND SAP

INTO METHYL LEVULINATE CATALYZED BY Al2(SO4)3

Noorhasmiera Abu Jahar1, Afifah Aqilah Khosnan1,, Sarani Zakaria1, Chin Hua Chia1, Fei-ling Pua2, Sharifah

Nabihah Syed Jaafar1*

1School of Applied Physics,Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600,

Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2Centre of Renewable Energy, UNITEN 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia


Methyl levulinate (ML) is short chain fatty esters with similar properties to the biodiesel.

Currently, synthesis of ML from biomass has been extensively studied to find an excellent

alternative of carbon source. Oil palm trunk sap which rich with free sugars has the potential

to be use as starting materials in many fine chemical synthesis. In this study, synthesis of ML

by using glucose as template was carried out and later the optimum parameter was applied to

core oil palm trunk (COPT) sap. Effect of temperature (130-170 oC), Al2(SO4)3 loading (0-

0.08mmol) and reaction time (10-50 min) were investigated and optimized. The experiments

were carried out in methanol via microwave irradiation. The conversion percentage of

glucose, yield of ML and by-products of methanolysis reaction were analyzed with GCMS

and HPLC. The highest glucose conversion was 99.14% obtained at 170oC for 50 min with

0.08mmol catalyst loading while the lowest glucose conversion was 63.7% obtained without

any catalyst loading. The highest ML yield was 57.35% and the lowest yield was 3.73%.

Finally, 63.95% of ML yield was obtained from methanolysis of the COPT sap. The results

suggested that COPT sap can be used to produce ML by methanolysis process.

Keywords: Fatty acid methyl ester, GCMS, heterogenous catalyst, HPLC, isolation,oil palm

trunk.

PCB-02-Yusoff

STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF INSOLUBLE SILK

FIBROIN FILM FROM THAI BOMBYX MORI

Noor Izyan Syazana Mohd Yusoff1, Mat Uzir Wahit1,2* , Juhana Jaafar1,3, Wong Tuck Whye3

1Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2Centre of Composites Institute for Vehicle System and Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai,

Johor, Malaysia 3Advance Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai Johor,

Malaysia


The silk fibroin (SF) solution was extracted from Thai (Bombyx Mori) cocoons through

degumming process using sodium carbonate and dissolved in ionic salt solution; Lithium Bromide

(LiBr). The SF solution was casted onto teflon mould at room temperature until dried to formed

SF film. Casting SF solution is a common method to produce SF film at low cost and processing

time. However, pure SF films are brittle and soluble in water; and make them unsuitable for certain

biomedical applications. In this study, the post treatment for the silk fibroin films are presented to

identified the characterization and optical properties of SF films. The SF films were treated to

induce the crystallinity of SF film by using two type of post treatment method which is by water

annealing and immersion in methanol. The untreated and treated silk fibroin films were

investigated on their structural and optical properties by using Fourier transform infrared

spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy and X- ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed

that all the treated SF films shows to induce β-sheet of the silk fibroin thus form an insoluble and

stable silk fibroin films. The increase in β-sheet, will also increase the crystalline structure that

been proven through XRD. The structural modification of the SF, can be controlled and optimize

by the treatment done to the silk fibroin films. Thus, a stable, insoluble and good transparency SF

films could be potential used in biomedical applications.

Keywords: Silk fibroin, insoluble film, water annealing, methanol treatment.

PCB-03-Nordin

CELLULOSIC MATERIALS FROM FRUIT WASTES AND THEIR

APPLICATION IN BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE FILM

Norhazirah Nordin1, Siti Hajar Othman1,2*

1Department of Process and Food Engineering,

2Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Due to the increased consumption and demands of edible part of fruits in industrial processing,

fruit wastes such as fruit skins, husks, seeds, and other fruit residues contribute largely to the

municipal wastes. Therefore, these underutilized fruit wastes that are rich in cellulosic

materials are exploited to be used as reinforcing materials and composites due to significant

strength, environmentally friendly, low cost, high availability and sustainability. The isolation

of the cellulosic fibers and the synthesis of nanocelluloses from fruit wastes could be achieved

by various methods and conditions; chemical, mechanical, and chemo-mechanical. Thus, this

paper attempts to provide general review on current researches on fruit waste cellulosic fibers,

the isolation methods as well as the properties and their application in bio-nanocomposite

films.

Keywords: Fruit waste, cellulosic materials, isolation, nanocellulose, bio-nanocomposite.

PCB-04-Azahari

AN ACOUSTIC STUDY OF POLYURETHANE COMPOSITE FOAM

WITH ADDED WOOD FIBER

M. Shafiq M. Azahari1, Anika Zafiah M. Rus1,*, Shaharuddin Kormin1, M. Taufiq Zaliran1

1Sustainable Polymer Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Material Center (SPEN-AMMC), Faculty of

Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (FKMP), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit

Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor

*Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]

Polyurethane (PU) composite foams were prepared by once shot method with Red Meranti

wood fiber. Foams were tested for the evaluation of acoustic properties and cell morphologies

as apportion of wood fiber present. Acoustic properties as well as foam morphology were

investigated. Scanning electron microscopy results exhibits that PU composite foam had

improved cell size due to the presence of the wood fiber. Impedance tube test and density test

results clearly showed the most substantial increase of the sound absorption coefficient and

density in the fiber reinforced PU foam. This studies proved that acoustic properties of PU

foam had been influence by the present of the wood fiber. PU composite foam displayed a

broad distribution of inter-domain spacing associating with morphological changes.

Keywords: Wood fiber, Composite foam, Polyurethane, Polyol, Red meranti.

PCB-05-Nurkhamidah

EFFECT OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE ON THE HYDROPHILICITY OF

CELLULOSE ACETATE/POLYETYLENE GLYCOL MEMBRANE

Siti Nurkhamidah*, Yeni Rahmawati, Ignatius Gunardi, Ryanda Luthfi Zaim, and Wahyuni Eka Muqni

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of industrial Technology,

2Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia


Membrane technology has become increasingly used for clean water production. How to

fabricate membrane with a good performance must be done to fulfill it. Titanium dioxide

(TiO2) has been added into Cellulose Acetate/Polyethylene Glycol (CA/PEG) membrane

resulting composite membrane to increase hydrophilicity of it by using surface coating

method. The amount of TiO2 has been varied to observe the effect of it. Composite membrane

is characterized for their hydrophilicity, surface and fractured morphology. The hydrophilicity

is determined by Fourier-Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR) spectra and contact angle analysis.

Membrane morphology is identified used Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The

experiment results show that hydrophilicity of composite membrane increases with the

addition of TiO2 contents. However, with further increasing of TiO2, hydrophilicity of

composite membrane decreases. Morphology of composite membrane has been discussed.

The output of this research can be used for further research to increase the performance of

composite membrane.

Keywords: Cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol, TiO2, membrane, FTIR, SEM.

PCB-06-Chen

WATER ABSORPTION, TENSILE AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

OF RICE HUSK FILLED RECYCLED THERMOPLASTIC BLEND

GREEN COMPOSITES

Ruey Shan Chen1, Sahrim Ahmad1,2*

1School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.


High fiber loading green composites were prepared from recycled high-density polyethylene

(rHDPE)/ recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) blend matrix and rice husk as filler

(from 40 up to 80wt.%) via corotating twin-screw extruder and compression molding. The

water absorption upon immersion in sea water, mechanical behaviour and combustion

enthalpy of green composites were examined. The water absorption mechanisms obeyed the

Fickian diffusion. The computed diffusion coefficient (D), thermodynamic solubility (S) and

permeability (P) were generally increased as a function of rice husk filler. The increment of

tensile strength and modulus of composites were maximized up to 16 % and 121 %,

respectively, which was achieved at 70 wt.% rice husk filler. The theorectical prediction of

tensile strength and Young’s modulus from micromechanical models for random oriented RH

fiber /blend composites were compared with the experimental results. As the rice husk weight

fraction increased, the combustion enthalpy decreased (by approximately 30 - 48%) and

thereby the enhancing the fire retardancy of green composite.

Keywords: High loading fiber biocomposite; agricultural waste; physical properties,

mechanical properties; micromechanical modeling.

PCB-07-Nimah

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCOMPOSITE

CELLULOSE ACETATE/POLY(L-LACTIDE) BEAD AS

BIODEGRADABLE ADSORBENT

Hikmatun Ni’mah1*, Fiky Prima Putra1, Gilmar Wicaksono1, Rochmadi Rochmadi2

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh

Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, East Java, Indonesia 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University

Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia


Biocomposite beads comprised of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and cellulose acetate (CA) were

prepared through solvent blending and solution injection technology. The biocomposite beads

were utilized for dye adsorption. The relation of CA/PLLA beads properties and their

performance in dye adsorption process was evaluated by varying the conditions of beads

development, which are the weight ratio of CA/PLLA and the concentration of polymer

mixture solution. The weight ratio of CA/PLLA was varied: 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30;

60/40. In addition, the concentration of polymer mixture solution was also varied: 10 wt%

and 15 wt%. The beads properties were investigated in term of morphology by scanning

electron microscopy (SEM), molecular interaction by fourier transform infra-red (FTIR),

thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), pore size distribution and

surface area by BET, and thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The

adsorption performance of the biocomposite beads were also observed in term of adsorption

capacity and % dye removal. The dye used in this study was methylene blue. The thermal

stability of biocomposite beads increased with the increasing of CA due to the specific

property of CA which is highly thermal resistant. The morphology of pure CA and CA/PLLA

beads showed spherical shape with porous structure on their surface. Adsorption performance

measurement showed that the adsorption capacity and % removal of the PLLA/CA bead are

higher than that of the pure CA bead in neutral pH condition.

Keywords: CA, PLLA, Beads, Adsorbent, Dye Separation.

PCB-10-Abdullah

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GRAPHITE- RENEWABLE

POLYMER (G-RP) THIN FILM THROUGH TENSILE

AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Nur Munirah Abdullah1, M. Saddam Kamarudin1, Anika Zafiah M. Rus1*, M. F. L. Abdullah2*

1Sustainable Polymer Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Center (SPEN-AMMC),

Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA

*Corresponding author: [email protected],[email protected]

The current work studies the mechanical properties of graphite- renewable polymer (G-RP)

thin film. G-RP thin films were prepared with different amount of graphite fractions ranging

from 0 to 30 wt% incorporated renewable polymer via slip casting method. The renewable

polymer was synthesized from virgin cooking oil by acid-catalyst ring opening of the epoxides

and introducing isocyanate in order to form renewable polymer thin film. The reaction was

confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and submitted for mechanical properties

through tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Examinations of G-RP

morphological interface were performed by optical microscopy. Results indicated that

homogeneous distribution of graphite filler in renewable polymer contributes to mechanical

improvement; as the graphite filler increased, the G-RP become tougher. Introduction of

reinforcement graphite in G-RPs enhances modulus.

Keywords: Graphite, Renewable Polymer, Mechanical Properties, Dynamic Mechanical

Analysis, FTIR.

PCB-11-Akhina

DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOUR OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

COMPOSITE WITH IONIC LIQUID MODIFIED RGO

Akhina H1,M.R.Gopinathan Nair1,2, Sabu Thomas1,2,*

1Internatinal and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University,

Kottayam. 2 School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam.


Plasticized polyvinyl chloride/ionic liquid modified reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites

were prepared by melt mixing technique. The morphology and mechanical properties of the

nancomposites were analyzed. The elongation at break is found to be increased with filler

loading and not much improvement in tensile strength and tensile modulus could be seen. The

interaction between ionic liquid and RGO was revealed by FTIR, Raman and UV–visible

spectroscopies. The dielectric properties were tested by using precision impedance at room

temperature. A noticeable change in dielectric constant was observed for the prepared

nanocomposites.

Key words: polyvinyl chloride, ionic liquid, reduced graphene oxide.

PCB-12-Yasumlee

INFLUENCE ON FILLING SEQUENCE OF ORGANOCLAY AND

MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYOXYMETHYLENE/

POLYPROPYLENE BLENDS

Nipawan Yasumlee, Sirirat Wacharawichanant*

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University,

Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand


The influence on filling sequence of clay surface modified with 35-45 wt% dimethyl dialkyl

(C14-C18) amine (Clay-DDA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on morphological and

mechanical properties of polyoxymethylene (POM)/polypropylene (PP) 80/20 (w/w) at various

MCC contents were investigated. The blends and composites were prepared by melt mixing in

an internal mixer. The morphology of the blends and composites was observed by scanning

electron microscopy. The results found that the miscibility of the blends was improved in

presence of the Clay-DDA and MCC, especially when Clay-DDA and MCC were added in the

same time. The incorporation of Clay-DDA and MCC improved Young’s modulus of blends.

The addition of Clay- DDA and MCC in the same time showed higher Young’s modulus than

Clay-DDA was added first. This result indicated that the filling sequence of Clay-DDA and

MCC had effect on morphology and tensile properties of POM/PP blends.

Keywords: Polyoxymethylene, Morphology, Compatibilizer, Organoclay, Microcrystalline

Cellulose.


PCB-14-Mohamed

THE EFFECT OF HEXADECYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE (HDS) ON

MENGKUANG REINFORCED HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

(HDPE)/ NATURAL RUBBER (NR) COMPOSITES

Wan Zarina Wan Mohamed1, 3, Azizah Baharum1,2 *, Ishak Ahmad1, 2 , Ibrahim Abdullah4

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor, Malaysia. 2Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi Selangor, Malaysia 3Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya Selangor, Malaysia.

4Academy Sciences of Malaysia

*Corresponding email: [email protected]

Mengkuang fiber were modified with Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDS) in ethanol/ water

solution. Modified fibers were blended in the HDPE/ NR matrices via internal mixer.

Mechanical properties and water absorption of the composites were studied. Results showed

that HDS modified composites were improved the mechanical properties and water absorption

attributable to compatibility of the fiber–matrix. HDS modified the hydrophilicity of fiber

surface to be more hydrophobic to interact with the hydrophobic matrix. Tensile strength and

impact strength were increased simultaneously for all composition of modified fibers from

10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the composites while water absorption were decreased. The

morphology obtained from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showed

enhancement of interaction between modified fibers with the matrices and fiber wetting in the

composites.

Keywords: HDS, polymer composites, mechanical properties, water absorption.


PCB-15-Zaini

THERMAL, FLAMMABILITY AND MORPHOLOGICAL

PROPERTIES OF SEPIOLITE FILLED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE

DIENE MONOMER (EPDM) COMPOSITES

Nurul Aizan Mohd Zaini*, Hanafi Ismail, Arjulizan Rusli

Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Materials and Mineral Resources,

Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia


Sepiolite filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites were prepared by

incorporation of different loadings (0-70 parts per hundred rubber) of sepiolite fillers. The

effects of various contents of sepiolite on the thermal stability, flammability and

morphological properties were studied. EPDM/Sepiolite composites were compounded using

a laboratory two roll mill. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the thermal

stability, compared to the unfilled compound. Increasing of sepiolite loadings also

demonstrates the lower burning rate of the composites. Morphology residue of the

EPDM/Sepiolite composites after the flammability test were studied by scanning electron

microscopy (SEM). The morphological study confirmed that the presence of unburned

sepiolite reduced the flammability rate of the composites.

Keywords: Sepiolite, ethylene propylene diene monomer composites, thermal stability,

flammability.

PCB-16-Tham

STUDY ON BAMBOO PLAIN WEAVE FABRIC/POLY(LACTIC

ACID) COMPOSITES COMPATIBILIZED WITH MALEIC

ANHYDRIDE

M. W. Tham1*, M. R. Nurul Fazita1, I. I. Nurul Syam1, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil1, M. Mariatti2

1School of Industrial Technology,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. 2School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Malaysia.


Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that exhibits good tensile properties but

weak impact strength. To negate PLA’s weak impact strength, bamboo fabrics are used as

reinforcements but there is an incompatibility issue between less polar/hydrophobic PLA and

polar/hydrophilic bamboo fabrics resulting in the composites reduced mechanical properties.

Thus, a compatibilizer, maleic anhydride grafted poly(lactic acid) (PLA-g-MA) was used to

resolve the compatibility issue between PLA and bamboo fabrics. In this study, PLA-g-MA

were produced by adding various maleic anhydride (MA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP)

concentrations to PLA through reactive extrusion and optimized. MA was selected for use

due to its good chemical reactivity and difficulty to homopolymerize. PLA-g-MA having the

highest grafting degree is compression moulded into films, later stacked alternately between

bamboo plain weave fabrics and compression moulded to form bamboo fabric/PLA

composites. The PLA composites produced were characterized for their mechanical

properties (tensile, flexural and impact), thermal properties and fracture surface morphology.

The results indicated that MA and DCP concentration affects the grafting degree of PLA-g-

MA where an increase in MA and DCP concentrations increases the grafting degree up till a

certain point before the grafting degree gradually drops. The PLA composites properties were

enhanced with the addition of PLA-g-MA due to improved interfacial adhesion between PLA

and bamboo plain weave fabric.

Keywords: Bamboo fabric, poly(lactic acid), composites, compatibilizer, maleic anhydride,

dicumyl peroxide, mechanical properties, thermal properties.

PCB-17-Baharum

THE EFFECTIVENES OF LNR AND LENR TREATMENTS ON

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER/ HIGH

DENSITY POLYETHYLENE/ MENGKUANG FIBER

BIOCOMPOSITES

Azizah Baharum1,2*, and Mohd Razi Mat Piah2

1Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM

Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of

Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Liquid rubber is a modified form of rubber either from natural rubber (NR) or epoxidized

natural rubber (ENR) with a shorter polymeric chain. Due to the lower molecular weight

distribution of liquid NR (LNR) and liquid ENR (LENR), which facilitate of easy processing,

they have been widely used as starting materials for a wide range of products. In this research,

LNR and LENR were used as compatibilizer to improve mechanical properties of natural

rubber/high density polyethylene/mengkuang fiber (NR/HDPE/MK) biocomposites. LNR and

LENR were used to treat mengkuang fiber prior to melt blending with NR/HDPE blends in an

internal mixer (Haake Rheomix 600). The FTIR analysis shows that LENR contains higher

active functional groups such as C=O, C-O, and –OH compared to LNR which was expected

to increase chemical bonding between LENR treated MK and NR/HDPE blends. However,

LENR treated NR/HDPE/MK biocomposite shows lower tensile and impact strength compared

to LNR treated biocomposite even though the tensile modulus of LENR treated biocomposite

was higher. SEM micrographs show better interaction of MK fiber in the NR/HDPE matrices

with LNR treatment due to favorable interaction of LNR with NR compared to LENR with

NR. Therefore, as conclusion LNR acted as a better compatibilizer with NR/HDPE/MK

biocomposite compared to LENR.

Keywords: biocomposites, mengkuang fiber, liquid natural rubber, liquid epoxidized natural

rubber, mechanical properties.

PCB-18-Salim

IMPACT OF HIGH PURITY RICE HUSK SILICA SYNTHESISED

USING THE SOLVOTHERMAL EXTRACTION METHOD ON THE

PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER

Zainathul Akhmar Salim Abdul Salim1,2*, Aziz Hassan1, Hanafi Ismail3, and Ahmad Faiza Mohd2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia. 2School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,

Selangor, Malaysia. 3School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus,

14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.


,

This work highlights the effect of rice husk silica (RHS) loading on the mechanical and

physical properties of natural rubber (NR). High purity RHS in nano-size, were synthesised

using the solvothermal extraction method. This method was adopted from TAPPI standard

(T204 and T264) with some significant modifications. A combination of toluene, ethanol, and

acetone at a 3:2:1 ratio was used for RHS extraction prior to acid treatment. The RHS was

then incorporated in NR at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr). The RHS did not

undergo any surface modification. Nonetheless, the RHS-filled NR composites showed

significant improvements in mechanical and physical properties, which included tensile

strength, modulus, abrasion resistance, resilience, and hardness at the optimum loading of 4

phr. Higher loadings of RHS led to the formation of agglomeration, which caused the

decrement of the overall properties of NR composites.

Keywords: Rice husk silica, Natural rubber, Solvothermal extraction, Mechanical properties,

Physical properties.


PCB-19-Zakaria

EFFECTS OF FIBER SIZE ON SANSEVIERIA

TRIFASCIATA/NATURAL RUBBER/HIGH DENSITY

POLYETHYLENE (STF/NR/HDPE) BIOCOMPOSITES

Nurzam Ezdiani Zakaria2,3, Azizah Baharum1,2*, Ishak Ahmad 1,2 and Wan Zarina Wan Mohamad2

1Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM

Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of

Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 3Food Processing and Packaging Program, Food Science Technology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural

of Research and Development Institute, P.O Box 12301 General Post Office, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


This research was done to study the effects of different fiber size (1 mm, 500 µm, 250 µm and

125 µm) on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of Sansevieria trifasciata

fiber/natural rubber/high density polyethylene (STF/NR/HDPE) composites. Processing of

STF/NR/HDPE composites was done by using an internal mixer. The processing parameters

used were 135°C for temperature and a mixing rotor speed of 55 rpm for 15 minutes. Filler

loading was varied from 10% to 40% of STF. The composite blends obtained were pressed

with a hot press machine to get test samples of 1 mm and 3 mm of thickness. Samples were

evaluated via tensile tests, Izod impact test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Particle size analysis also has been done on the fiber. Morphological studies were carried out

via SEM. Results showed that tensile strength and impact strength decrease while tensile

modulus increases when filler loading increased. Smaller particle size will give more interfacial

interaction between fiber and matrix. Adding more amount of filler will also increase the

viscosity and the stiffness of the materials. Overall, it showed that 125 µm of fiber size has

given higher values/stable results of tensile strength and modulus. Thermal behavior of the

materials seems does not affected much by fiber size.

Keywords: composites, fiber size, natural fiber, mechanical properties, thermal properties.


PCB-21-Yusof

EFFECT OF NATURAL CRYSTALLINE SILICA ON MECHANICAL,

MORPHOLOGY AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY

POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES

M.Y. Nur Firdaus,1* H. Osman,1 H.S.C. Metselaar,2 and A.R. Rozyanty 1

1School of Material engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pengajian Taman

Muhibbah, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis. Malaysia. 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia

*Coresponding author: [email protected]

The presence of natural crystalline silica have a great influent on mechanical, morpphology

and thermal properties of polymer composites. A method using 5M of hydrochloric acid (HCl)

leached at 110 °C followed by thermal combustion at 600 °C was developed to produce

purified silica from lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus). The silica content (98.59%) with

73% crystallinity index is produced through this leaching method. The silica was incorporated

into high density polyethylene (HDPE) at 0,2,4,6,8 wt% of filler loading using Brabender

Plasticoder EC Plus at temperature 160 °C and rotor speed 50 rpm. The effect of different

filler content on tensile properties, morphology and thermal properties of HDPE/silica

composites were studied. The addition of 6%wt of HDPE/silica exhibited the highest value

of tensile strength and Young’s Modulus. The value of elongation at break decreased with

increased of filler content. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) of tensile fracture surface

of composites indicated that HDPE reinforced with 6%wt silica has better adhesion due to

homogenous dispersion of filler, better wetting by matrix and less silica detached from the

matrix as compared to other composites. TGA analysis shows the increased of thermal

properties as the filler content increased. The 6%wt of silica/HDPE composite exhibited

excellent thermal stability. The DSC analysis shows an increase of melting temperature and

degree of crystallinity with the increased of filler content in HDPE composites.

Keywords: High density polyethylene, natural crystalline silica, lemon grass, mechanical

properties, thermal stability.

PCB-23-Rosli

RENEWABLE BIOCOMPOSITES FROM BLENDS OF POLYLACTIC

ACID/NATURAL RUBBER COMPATIBILIZED LIQUID NATURAL

RUBBER WITH AGAVE CELLULOSE FIBERS

Noor Afizah Rosli, Ishak Ahmad*, Farah Hannan Anuar, Ibrahim Abdullah

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi Selangor, MALAYSIA.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +603-89215441; Fax: +603-89215410.

E-mail address: [email protected] (I. Ahmad).

Agave cellulose obtained through alkali and bleaching treatments has been tested as potential

fibers for biocomposites based on polylactic acid (PLA)/natural rubber (NR) compatibilized

liquid natural rubber (LNR) (PLA-NR/LNR) blends. Mechanical, morphological, and thermal

characterizations of the biocomposite have been done to evaluate the effect of cellulose fibers

on the matrix properties. The tensile and impact tests were carried out to study the mechanical

properties of the biocomposite and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine

the interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix of the biocomposite. The thermal history

and stability of the biocomposite were conducted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The addition of Agave cellulose

improved the tensile strength and impact strength of the biocomposite with the optimum

composition of cellulose fibers were 7.5 and 10 wt% for tensile strength and impact strength,

respectively. SEM analysis also revealed a good dispersion of cellulose in the polymer matrix

and thermal stability of the biocomposite improved by the addition of cellulose fibers.

Keywords: Agave fibers; Biocomposites; Cellulose, Polylactic acid blend.

PCB-24-Hanif

EFFECTS OF A NEW DEVELOPED PROCESSING AID ON CURE

CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRILE

RUBBER COMPOSITES

Hani Mohd Hanif1, Yong Kok Chong1*, Lee Siang Yin1

1Centre of Excellence, Malaysian Rubber Board, Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, 47000 Sungai Buloh,

Malaysia


The development of processing aid from renewable and sustainable sources has been

increased due to its lower cost and non-toxicity. In this study, the effect of an in-house

synthesized processing aid on the Mooney viscosity, curing characteristics, tensile properties

and compression set of nitrile rubber composites were studied. Results showed that as the

composition of the processing aid increased, the Mooney Viscosity decreases while scorch

and cure time increases. Compound with 5 phr processing aid exhibited the best tensile

properties, better than control sample (0 phr). Compression set increased significantly with

increasing concentration of processing aid. However, these results were reversed under

accelerated aging. Overall, the in-house synthesised processing aid successfully improved the

processability of the compound by lowering the Mooney viscosity and enhanced the physical

properties of the compound especially after accelerated aging, which could be particularly

useful in many industrial application.

Keywords: Renewable, processing aid, rubber compounding, physical properties, synthetic

rubber.


PCB-28-Selambakkannu

ADSORPTION STUDIES OF PACKED COLUMN FOR THE

REMOVAL OF DYES USING AMINE FUNCTIONALIZED

RADIATION INDUCED GRAFTED FIBER

Sarala Selambakkannu1*, Khomsaton Abu Bakar1 and Haris Murshidi Mohd Ramli2

1Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Radiation Processing Technology, Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

2The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW, 5052 Australia


In this paper, the adsorption performance of packed bed column with amine functionalized

radiation-induced grafted fibers (AFF) for the removal of acid blue 80 (AB 80) was

investigated. Pretreated banana fibers were grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with

the assistance of electron beam irradiation and subsequently functionalized with imidazole

(IMI) which was used as the precursor of anionic dye adsorption. The effect of flow rate, bed

height and inlet concentration on the breakthrough curves were analyzed in terms of AFF

adsorption performance. Increase in bed height and inlet concentration promotes the

adsorption efficacy whereas reduction was observed while flow rate increases. The highest

bed capacity obtained was 38.98 mg/g at adsorption condition of 5 ml/min flow rate, 100 mg/l

inlet concentration and 50 mm of bed height. In order to determine the operational parameters

the data were been collected via the experiment fitted into Yoon and Nelson, Thomas and bed

depth service time (BDST) mathematical models. At different condition, Thomas model

defines well the behaviors of breakthrough curve. The maximum adsorption capacity which

been calculated from Yoon and Nelson and Thomas models increases with increase in flow

rate and inlet concentration however reduction is observed with increase in bed height.

Meantime, the BDST model exhibits good agreement with experimental data and higher

correlation coefficient value r2 ~ 0.99 were attained which indicates the validity of BSDT

model for the column adsorption system with AFF.

Keywords: Packed bed column, radiation-induced grafted fibers, acid blue 80, glycidyl

methacrylate and imidazole.

PECP-01-Zailan

CHARACTERIZATION OF CONDUCTIVES TPNR/PANI BLENDS:

MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

Farrah Diyana Zailan1, Ruey Shan Chen1*, Sahrim Ahmad1*, Dalila Shahdan1, Mohd Farid Hakim Mohd Ruf

and Khairunnisa Waznah Baharin1

1 School of Applied Physics,

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

In this research work, the thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) that made up of linear low-

density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyaniline (PANI) and natural rubber (NR) was fabricated

using internal mixer at 130°C, 30 rpm and 13 minutes. Liquid natural rubber (LNR) was added

as a compatibilizer for the immiscible blend of TPNR. The effect of PANI content from 1 wt

% –5 wt.% on the mechanical, (examined by tensile test), thermal (analysed by thermo

gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, electrical properties (tested by

impedances complex) and morphological behaviour were characterized. The addition of PANI

in the TPNR blend showed the enhanced mechanical properties which increased up to 21 %

compared to the neat TPNR. The electrical properties increased as the content of PANI

increased. The thermal stability of TPNR/PANI blend was improved. The scanning electron

microscopy (SEM) micrograph confirmed the dispersion of PANI within the TPNR and the

interaction among the components in TPNR/PANI blend.

Keywords: Polymer blend; polyethylene; thermoplastic elastomers; tensile properties; impact

properties; impedance complex.

PECP-02-Haque

TAGUCHI OPTIMIZATION OF ACID DOPED

POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FOR HIGH-

TEMPERATURE PEM FUEL CELL

M. A. Haque1, 2 *, A. B. Sulong1, 3, K. S. Loh1, E. H. Majlan1, T. Husaini1, R. E. Rosli1 and W. R. W. Daud1

1Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia

2Dept. of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh 3Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi

Selangor, Malaysia


In this study, polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer electrolyte membrane has optimized the

H3PO4 acid doping level (ADL) by using the Taguchi method. And also, it has characterized

the ionic conductivity, oxidative stability, tensile strength, TGA and FTIR analysis. Based on

the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis, PBI AM showed the highest

ionic conductivity among of the PBI AM, PBI AP, and Nafion 212 membranes. The maximum

proton conductivity has recorded as 0.0631 S/cm of PBI AM membrane under at optimized

conditions such as doping temperature 130 °C, doping time 6 h, and 160 °C operating

temperature that confirmation based on the analysis of main effect and contour plot of those

parameters. According to the Fenton test, the maximum weight loss of PBI AM is 4.5 % which

imparts the excellent chemical stability. And also, it has high thermal and mechanical strength

that proved by the tensile test and TGA analysis. Therefore, it may highly recommend the

PBI AM as proton exchange membrane for high-temperature PEM fuel cell applicable.

Keywords: Acid doping level, Polybenzimidazole, Taguchi method, Contour plot, Proton

conductivity, Oxidative stability.


PECP-04-Manap

CONDUCTIVITY STUDY OF PLA-BASED POLYMER

ELECTROLYTE SALTED WITH LITHIUM PERCHLORIDE, LICLO4

Siti Munirah Manap, Farah Hannan Anuar*, Azizan Ahmad


Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia


A solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) thin films were developed from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)-

poly(propylene glycol) (PLLA-PPG) with ethylene carbonate (EC) and lithium perchlorate

(LiClO4) as plasticizer and salt, respectively using solution casting method. The conductivity

behaviours of the samples prepared were studied by electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

From the EIS analysis, PLLA-PPG system with 30 wt % of EC and 30 wt.% of LiClO4 shows

the highest conductivity value of 1.19 × 10-3 S cm-1 at room temperature. The attenuated total

reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirms that there is chemical

interaction between polymer host and lithium cation from lithium perchlorate. The shifting of

wavenumber for carbonyl (C=O) and ether (C-O-C) can be seen in ATR-FTIR spectrum. The

crystallinity of PLLA was studied using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Thermal study by

TGA indicated that PLLA-PPG SPE was thermally stable up to 270 ºC. The thermal properties

of PLLA-PPG SPE thin films was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

analysis.

Keywords: Poly(L-lactic acid), poly(propylene glycol), Impedance analysis, ATR-FTIR,

XRD, DSC, TGA.

PECP-06-Anuar

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(D,L-

LACTIDE)-CO-POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) SOLID POLYMER

ELECTROLYTE

Tan Ching Haw1, Farah Hannan Anuar 1,2*

1 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology

2 Polymer Research Center


43600 UKM Bangi Selangor, Malaysia


A series of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) consisting of poly(D,L-lactide)-poly(ethylene

glycol) multiblock copolymer matrix at various lactide-to-poly(ethylene glycol) (LA/PEG)

mole ratios, with lithium salt were prepared. The copolymers were first synthesized by ring-

opening polymerization (ROP) of D,L-lactide to form A-B-A triblock prepolymer followed

by chain extension reaction through formation of urethane linkage using hexamethylene

diisocyanate (HMDI) at [NCO/OH] molar ratio of 1.1. Nuclear magnetic resonance

spectroscopic analysis showed that covalent bonds were successfully formed between PEG

and PDLLA block with the presence of methylene proton of acylated PEG end unit. The

designated copolymer with various prepolymer compositions were confirmed by comparing

the integrated peaks of ethylene glycol and lactoyl units. Gel permeation analysis results

revealed that molecular weight distribution of synthesized multiblock copolymers were

relatively narrow, with polydispersity indexes of approximately 1.6. Thermogravimetry

analysis indicated that the poly(ester-ether-urethane) was thermally stable up to 200 °C which

is sufficient for practical usage in lithium ion battery (30-80 °C). The copolymers were

fabricated into SPE films using solution casting method. The effects of copolymerization and

lithium salt dopants at various percentage loading in SPE were studied. The changes of

copolymer and SPE in structure properties, mesoscopic morphology, chemical interactions,

ionic conductivity, electrochemistry properties and thermal stability properties were analyzed.

Chemical interaction between polymer host and lithium cation was confirmed by ATR-FTIR

technique. Ionic conductivity of the copolymerized PEG was effectively increased where

optimized conductivity at room temperature (2.65 x 10-3 S cm-1) was two and five orders of

magnitude higher than neat PEG and PDLLA SPEs, respectively, by using LiBF4 as

conducting salt. This significant improvement of conductivity is attributed to the increment

of polymer segmental motion due to crystallinity phase reduction of PEG, in which the Li-ion

transportation is only assisted by thermally activated motion of the chain segments above

glass transition temperature. X-ray analysis indicated that the crystallinity of poly(ethylene

glycol) was reduced upon copolymerization with PDLLA.

Keywords: Poly(D,L-lactide), poly(ethylene glycol), solid polymer electrolyte, multiblock

copolymer, polyurethane.

PECP-07-Hassan

STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PURIFICATION OF IOTA

CARRAGEENAN AS SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE

N.A.A. Ghania, N.N. Mobaraka, A. Ahmada , F.H. Anuara and N.H. Hassana*


Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Purification of iota carrageenan was done by dissolving powdered iota carrageenan in distilled

water and rinsed with ethanol. The purified powdered was analyzed using ATR-FTIR

spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Solid biopolymer electrolyte film based on the

purified powder was successfully made using solution casting method. Ionic conductivity value

of the film was analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ionic

conductivity value for purified iota carrageenan has increased and to 1.57 × 10-5 Scm-1 higher

than iota carrageenan film without purification. The films were further analyzed by using ATR-

FTIR, XRD and FESEM-ED to study the physical and chemical properties of the films.

Electrochemical stability of the purified iota carrageenan shows a better stability up to 2.8 V

compared to only 2.0 V for the non-purified iota carrageenan films. Transference number

shows that iota carrageenan with purification has more ionic species compared to no- purified

iota carrageenan film.

Keywords: purification, iota carrageenan, solid polymer electrolyte.


PECP-08-Mamat

CONDUCTIVITY AND DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOUR STUDIES ON

SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BASED 49% POLY(METHYL

METHACRYLATE) GRAFTED NATURAL RUBBER (MG49) BLENDS

S. Mamat 1, M.S. Su’ait 1, L. TianKhoon 2, A. Ahmad 2

1Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Chemical and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia,

Three types of solid polymer electrolyte used 49% poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted natural

rubber (MG49) as polymer host and lithium tertrafluoroborate (LiBF4) as conducting material

were prepared by solution casting technique. The films of MG49-LiBF4, MG49-PMMA- LiBF4

and MG49-PVDF-HFP-LiBF4 with the optimum weight percentage (20 wt.%, 25 wt.% and 30

wt.%) of LiBF4 respectively were characterized by using potentiostatic electrochemical

impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique to measure their ionic conductivities. The

conductivity measurements were conducted at room temperature and temperature ranged from

303 K to 403 K. The values of dielectric constant, Ꜫr were found to increase with increasing

conductivity of the samples. The dielectric constant, Ꜫr and dielectric loss, Ꜫi increases with

temperature in the low frequency region, but almost negligible in the high frequency region

due to electrode polarization effects. The real part, Mr and imaginary part, Mi of electrical

modulus are observed increases with frequency. The systems are concluded as ionic conductors

by the present of Mi peak in the plot Mi versus frequency.

PECP-09-Fadzil

SYNTHESIZE OF POLYPYRROLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE USING

GRAPHENE OXIDE AND SUGAR

Adibatul Husna Fadzil1, Rusli Daik1*, Oskar Hasdinor Hassan2, Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya3.

1 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia,UKM Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia 2Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

3Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi,

57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


A green synthesis method to produce electrode composite composed of conducting polymer

using graphene oxide as a chemical oxidant and precursor for electrochemical supercapacitor

has been attracting owing the abundance of natural carbon sources, easy to prepare, low cost,

low density and extensive chemical functionalization. The preparation of conducting polymer

and graphene oxide usually involves metal catalyst, harmful chemical reducing agents, as well

as toxic and undesirable to human and environment. Here we demonstrate the metal free

method that graphene oxide can play role in polymerization of polypyrrole(PPY) and

polypyrrole graphene oxide(PPYRGO) composite by using sugar as reducing agent for

reduction of graphene oxide. The structural study of prepared polypyrrole graphene composite

by Fourier transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD).

UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy confirmed the polymerization of polypyrrole and

transformation of reduced graphene oxide using graphene oxide. The morphological structure

of the conducting polymer and RGO was analysed by FESEM and EDX. Characterizations

reveal that polymerization of polypyrrole and RGO-PPY composite successfully synthesized

using graphene oxide as chemical oxidant and GO had been reduced to RGO.

Keywords: Polypyrrole Graphene Oxide, Graphene Oxide, Chemical Oxidant, Sugar, Green

Synthesis.

PECP-11-Faizzi

CONDUCTIVITY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOLID

POLYMER ELECTROLYTES BASED ON PALM BASED

POLYURETHANE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

APPLICATION

H.M. Faizzi1, K.H. Badri3,4, A. Ahmad1,4 M.S. Su’ait1,3*

1Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 3Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 4School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Tel: +60389118478 Fax: +60389118574

Polyurethane polymer electrolyte is synthesized under nitrogen gas atmosphere by pre-

polymerization reactions between palm kernel oil monoester-OH (PKO-p) and methylene

diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) at different LiI/I2 molar ratios with the presence of 20 wt. %

ethylene carbonate as plasticizer. Transference number (TN), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV)

and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was tested on solid polyurethane polymer

electrolyte membrane to study number of mobiles ion, electrochemical stability and its

electrochemical behavior. The films were characterized electrically by Electrochemical

Impedance Spectroscopy for its ionic conductivity. The conductivity of the PU electrolytes

increased with increasing iodine concentration and the highest conductivity obtained was in

the order of 10-5 S cm-1 at 0.1 iodide/triiodide ratios. The transference number measurement

and linear sweep voltammetry was also performed on the highest conducting electrolyte

systems. The result of the measurement indicated that the systems were suitable for dye-

sensitized solar cell.

Keywords: Bio-based Polyurethane, iodide/triiodide, ionic conductivities, Polymer

electrolytes.


PECP-12-Latifi

POTENTIAL OF CHITIN DERIVATIVES AS BIO-POLYMER

ELECTROLYTE

M. Latifi*a,b, A. Ahmada, H. Kaddami b

a School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. b Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Organometallic and

Macromolecular Chemistry, Avenue Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, B.P. 549, Marrakech, Morocco.

*Corresponding Author:[email protected]

The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of modified chitin as potential bio-

polymer electrolytes. The modification of chitin was done at various reaction times between

chitin: sodium hydroxide (NaOH): monochloroacitic acid. The treatment were found to give

different degree of substitution. The derivatives were characterized using FTIR, XRD,

FESEM-EDX, DSC, and TGA. The FTIR analysis was confirmed that the modification of the

chitin to carboxymethyl chitin (CMC) is done. The degree of crystallinity calculated from XRD

measurement showed a decreasing from 63 to 24% with increasing of NaOH reaction times.

The thermal analysis of DSC and TGA showed that the glass transition temperature is

increasing from 57.5 C to 74.3C in contrary to temperature of decomposition. The chitin

derivatives films prepared by casting method were further analyzed by EIS indicates the ionic

conductivity improved from 10-9 S cm-1 to 10-6 S cm-1 after modification.

Key words: Chitin, Carboxymethyl chitin, Modification, NaOH, solubility, bio-polymer

electrolyte.


PM-01-Alim

EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER/POLYVINYL

CHLORIDE/CELLULOSE (ENR/PVC/CELL) BLENDS AS A

MEMBRANE FOR PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME)

TREATMENT

Aina Aqila Arman Alim1, Farah Hannan Anuar1,2, Rizafizah Othaman1,2*

1 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology,

Faculty of Science and Technology, 2 Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600

UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Membrane technology has become one of the most competitive technology due to its usage

and applications. This study was carried out to produce composite membrane of epoxidized

natural rubber/polyvinyl chloride (ENR/PVC) filled cellulose (Cell). The ENR/PVC matrix

with the ratio of ENR/PVC (60/40 wt/wt%) was prepared using solution blending and phase

inversion technique. The addition of filler was varied at 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % w/v. The

membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction

(XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), variable pressure scanning electron microscope

(VPSEM), contact angle analysis and water permeability.The presence of cellulose which

referred to the hydroxyl peak group at 3459 cm-1 was confirmed from FTIR spectrum. The

intensity of hydroxyl peak increased with increasing of percentage loaded cellulose. XRD

thermogram showed that the percentage of crystallinity for each membranes increased with

increasing percentage of loaded cellulose. TGA thermogram showed that the residual mass

and degradation temperature of membranes increased with increasing percentage of loaded

composition. VPSEM micrographs showed that the ENR/PVC membrane surface was smooth

and almost without pore but ENR/PVC/Cell membrane had a rough suface with small pores.

Furthermore, the contact angle and water absorption analyses confirmed that the ENR/PVC

and ENR/PVC/Cell membranes were hydrophilic. The differences in the water flux is due to

the differences of cellulose percentage been used. ENR/PVC/Cell 10 % membrane achieved

the highest water flux at 4 bar pressure compared to other membranes. POME characteristic

after membrane treatment showed the reduction of BOD, TSS and COD value in the POME

sample. Thus, membrane produced was proven to be effectively for POME treatment.

Keywords: Membrane technology, epoxidized natural rubber, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose.


PM-03-Sidik

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(L-LACTIC

ACID)-POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) POLYURETHANE

COPOLYMER WITH ACTIVATED CARBON FILLER FOR

MEMBRANE APPLICATION

Afifah Muhamad Sidik1, Farah Hannan Anuar 1,2*

1 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology

2 Polymer Research Center


43600 UKM Bangi Selangor, Malaysia


Membrane separation process is widely used in industrial waste water treatment because it is

more efficient than conventional methods. Preparation and characterization of porous

membrane from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polyurethane

copolymer was carried out with the presence of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt-% activated carbon (AC)

as filler. The polyurethane was synthesized using PLLA, PEG, 1,6-hexamethylene

diisocyanate as chain extender and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate as catalyst. The polyurethane was

then mixed with AC and fabricated into membrane through two methods which are solution

casting and phase inversion technique. PLLA:PEG ratios of 90:10, 70:30 and 50:50 were

studied. The membranes were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR),

Thermogravimetri Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimeters (DSC). Physical

characterization was carried out by Dino-Lite digital microscopes, Scanning Electron

Microscope (SEM) and water absorption test. Further, the effectiveness of the PLLA-

PEG/AC membranes will be applied in the treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). TGA

thermogram showed that the decomposition temperature at 50% weight loss (T50) of

PLLA/PEG/AC was shifted to higher temperatures as the value of AC increased. This

phenomenon was due to interfacial interaction between AC with PLLA/PEG matrix, leading

to increasing thermal stability of membranes. The DSC analysis of the membranes showed

the melting temperature (Tm); 166 ºC for segment PLLA and 70 ºC for segment PEG.

Membrane PLLA/PEG/AC is one of biodegradable polymer and contains high absorbent

which can be applied for POME treatment.

Keywords: Poly(L-lactic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), activated carbon, membrane, and palm

oil mill effluent treatment.

PM-04-Zahari

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENR/PVC/CELLULOSE FOR PALM OIL

MILL EFFLUENT (POME) TREATMENT

M.J. Iskandar1, R. Othaman*1,2

1School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

2Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia


Malaysia is rank among the top country with the largest production of palm oil in the world.

However, the increasing demand for the palm oil has resulted in even larger waste especially

palm oil mill effluent (POME). The alternative method that emerges today such as membrane

filtration has become popular method compared to a conventional method to treat POME. In

this study, ENR/PVC membrane with 10 wt% cellulose (cell) as a filler was prepared.

Characterization was conducted by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron

Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transmission Infra-Red (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis

(TGA), contact angle analysis, absorption and porosity analysis, water flux, salt rejection and

POME treatment. Comparison of the ENR/PVC/Cell membrane performance was conducted

with the commercial membrane such as Polyethylene (PE), Cellulose Acetate (CA), Cellulose

Nitrate (CN) and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The addition of cellulose inside ENR/PVC

matrix has caused the absorption peak at 3200 cm-1 to 3500 cm-1 to increase compared to

ENR/PVC membrane. Furthermore, the addition of cellulose has enhanced the pore formation

of ENR/PVC membrane as shown by SEM micrograph and has increased the crystallinity of

ENR/PVC membrane as shown by XRD diffractogram. Thermogram shows a different residue

percentage between ENR/PVC and ENR/PVC/Cell membrane. The contact angle, water

absorption and porosity test have confirmed that the presence of cellulose inside ENR/PVC

matrix has increased the hydrophilicity, percentage of water absorption and porosity of the

membrane. ENR/PVC membrane does not show any permeation while ENR/PVC/Cell has the

flux of 440.30 L.m-2.h-1 at the pressure of 8 bar. ENR/PVC/Cell has reduced 0.1M and 0.05M

salt concentration of 5% and 29% respectively. POME characteristic for all the membrane has

shown a reduction in all the parameters which is BOD, COD and TSS in which PE > NC >

ENR/PVC/Cell > CA > PTFE for the whole result of POME analysis. The excellent

performance of ENR/PVC/Cell membrane is proven to function efficiently as the commercial

membrane for POME treatment.

PMA-01-Wong

STAR-BRANCHED FOLATE-CONJUGATED PLLA-PEG BLOCK

COPOLYMERS AS NANOCARRIERS FOR TARGETED DELIVERY

OF DOXORUBICIN

See Kiat Wong1, Ing Hong Ooi2*, Chew Hee Ng2, Zainol Ismail3, Soi Moi Chye4, Mei Peng Ng5

1School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia.

2School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia. 3Department of Chemistry, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Malaysia.

4School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia. 5School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.


Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles containing doxorubicin were prepared from 4-arm and

6-arm star-branched folate-terminated poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)

copolymers, respectively, to investigate their potential as anticancer drug carrier. The star-

branched copolymers were synthesized by a ring-opening polymerization and carbodiimide

chemistry, with all the intermediates and target copolymers being characterized by 1HNMR,

FTIR, GPC and DSC. The doxorubicin encapsulated copolymer nanoparticles were fabricated

using nanoprecipitation method. Dynamic light scattering measurement showed that the

doxorubicin loaded 4-arm and 6-arm folate-PLLA-PEG nanoparticles have average diameter

of 185.88 ± 27.53 nm and 203.66 ± 20.69 nm, respectively, and both polymeric nanoparticles

are spherical with smooth surfaces as evidenced from their TEM images. Both of the 4-arm

folate-PLLA-PEG and 6-arm folate-PLLA-PEG nanoparticles were negatively charged with

zeta potential of -19.54 ± 0.57 mV and -14.77 ± 1.16 mV, respectively. The encapsulation

efficiency of 6-arm folate-PLLA-PEG nanoparticles (87.54 % ± 0.003) was higher than that of

4-arm folate-PLLA-PEG nanoparticles (77.29 % ± 0.039), indicating that the 6-arm copolymer

nanoparticles are significantly superior to the 4-arm ones in doxorubicin encapsulation. In vitro

release studies over 7 days showed that an initial burst release of doxorubicin was followed by

a sustained release. The drug release was higher in pH 5.3 (76.45% at 24 h) than in pH 7.4

(66.39% at 24 h) for 6-arm polymeric nanoparticles so did 4-arm polymeric nanoparticles, in

pH 5.3 (74.05% at 24 h) than in pH 7.4 (59.86% at 24 h). The overall release rates of

doxorubicin from the 6-arm folate-PLLA-PEG nanoparticles (100% at 168 h) were higher than

that of 4-arm folate-PLLA-PEG nanoparticles (97% at 168 h). Cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7

and MCF-10a cell lines showed that the cell viability decreases with increasing treatment time

(24 h > 48 h > 72 h), which was correlated with the drug release studies profiles. The results

demonstrate that both star-branched folate-terminated PLLA-PEG copolymer nanoparticles

could serve as ideal anticancer therapeutic carriers that possess sustained release characteristics.

Keywords: Star-branched polymer, PLLA, PEG, folic.


PNC-01-Ibrahim

FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY AND EPOXY/KENAF

COMPOSITES : EFFECTS OF GRAPHENE CONTENT

Nurul Shuhadah Ibrahim1, Azman Hassan1*, Zurina Mohamad1, M.Jawaid2, Reza Arjmandi1

1Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Malysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2Department of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP),

Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


The objective of this study is to determine the effect of graphene content on epoxy/graphene

and epoxy/kenaf/graphene composite on the flexural properties. The composites were

prepared via compression moulding and vacuum bagging infusion techniques. The graphene

content were varied from 0.5 to 1.5 phr with the epoxy/kenaf ratio fixed at 80/20 wt%. The

kenaf fiber was treated with NaOH prior to the composites preparation. The flexural test was

conducted using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The highest flexural modulus were

obtained at 1 phr graphene content for both epoxy/graphene composite (6936 MPa) and

epoxy/kenaf/graphene composite (8280 MPa). The enhancement of flexural modulus at

epoxy/graphene and epoxy/kenaf/graphene are 50% and 107% higher than the neat epoxy

respectively. The flexural strength for epoxy/graphene and epoxy/kenaf/graphene composite

were highest at 0.5 phr graphene content which are 130 MPa and 81 MPa respectively. It is

concluded that graphene is capable in enhancing flexural modulus and strength of both

epoxy/graphene and epoxy/kenaf/graphene composites.

Keywords: Kenaf fiber, composites, graphene, epoxy/kenaf, vacuum bagging infusion.

PNC-02-Sarkawi

PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE NANO-FILLER REINFORCED

EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOSITES

Siti Salina Sarkawi and Azira Abd Aziz

Malaysian Rubber Board, RRIM Research Station, Sg. Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia

Reinforcement of filled rubber is governed by the rubber-to-filler interactions at nano scale.

One of the potential nano reinforcing filler is graphene. This paper presents an investigation

on the graphene nano-fillers reinforcement in natural rubber and epoxidized natural rubber.

The effect of graphene on the filler-to-rubber and filler-to-filler interactions in carbon black-

and silica-filled composite system is evaluated. The rheological, physical and dynamic

properties of graphene nano-filler natural rubber composite are presented. The hybrid

reinforcing effect of graphene and nano-silica in epoxidized natural rubber composite reduce

filler-to-filler interaction and enhance the rubber–to-filler interactions resulting in further

improvement in the final properties.

Keyword: Graphene, nano, filler, silica, natural rubber

PNC-03-Sheltami

EFFECT OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS ON THE WATER

ABSORPTION OF PVC/ENR NANOCOMPOSITES

Rasha M. Sheltami1,2*, Ibrahim Abdullah3,4, Ishak Ahmad3,4 and Hanieh Kargarzadeh3,4

1Laboratory of Biocomposites Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, University

Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Libya

3School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia 4Polymer Research Centre (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia


The aim of this study was to use cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from a local plant as nanofiller

in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber (PVC/ENR)

blend. The CNC was isolated from mengkuang leaves (Pandanus tectorius) by carrying out

alkaline and bleaching treatments followed by concentrated sulphuric acid hydrolysis. The

nanocomposites were prepared via solution casting technique. The nanofillers had different

effects on the water absorption of the matrices. The incorporation of CNC nanofillers into

PVC showed a slight increment in the maximum water absorption but drastically reduced for

PVC/ENR. The study demonstrated the potential of extracting CNC from mengkuang leaves

and to apply it as nanofiller in both PVC and PVC/ENR systems.

Keywords: Cellulose nanocrystals, Polyvinyl chloride, Epoxidized natural rubber,

Nanofiller, Water absorption

PNC-04-Ramanchandran

SELECTIVE LOCALIZATION AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF

POLY(TRIMETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)/

POLYPROPYLENE/MWCNT BLEND NANOCOMPOSITES

Ajitha A R 1, Geethamma V G1, Lovley Mathew1, Sabu Thomas1,2 *

1International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University,

Kottayam ,Kerala India, 686 560 2School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala India, 686 560


Polytrimethylene terephthalate/Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube (PTT/PP/MWCNT) blend

nanocomposites with and without a compatibilizer (Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene,

MAGPP) were prepared and the selective localization of CNT on the matrix and the electrical

properties of the prepared composites were studied. Selective localization of MWCNTs was

predicted by classical thermodynamics, dissolution test, SEM and the TEM. The composites shows

enhanced electrical properties for higher composition of PTT due to the double percolation effect,

which also give an evidence for the selective localization of CNT in PTT phase. Electrical properties

of the composites were compared with that of the compatibilized composites. Both the

compatibilized and uncompatibilized nanocomposites show better shielding efficiency at higher

compositions of PTT. The enhanced electric properties of composites, they are suggested to use as

electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material.

Keywords: Polytrimethylene terephthalate, localization, electrical properties, double percolation.

PNC-05-Kunjappan

ELECTRICAL AND WETTING PROPERTIES OF

POLYTRIMETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PTT)/MULTI WALLED

CARBON NANOTUBE (MWCNT) NANOCOMPOSITES

Aswathi M.K1, M.Padmanabhan2,Lovely Mathew1,Sabu Thomas1,2*


Kottayam, Kerala, India, 686560 2School of chemical science, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India, 686560


Electrically conducting polymer nanocomposites, consisting of conducting fillers in an

insulating polymer matrix, are considered to be an important group of relatively inexpensive

materials for many engineering applications. Generally non-wettable solid surface are of great

interest in the applications of microelectronics. The present work involves the study on the

effect of conducting filler, MWCNT in the properties of insulating polymer PTT. Electrical

and wetting properties of PTT/MWCNT nanocomposites as a function of MWCNT filler

concentration were focused. Various wettability parameters such as total surface free energy,

work of adhesion, interfacial free energy, spreading coefficient and Girifalco-Good’s

interaction parameter were analyzed. Nano composites shows transition from hydrophilic to

hydrophobic nature with the addition of CNT. Nanocomposites show higher dielectric

constant than neat polymer. Also the dielectric constant shows frequency independent

behaviour for all nanocomposites and the nanocomposites shows frequency independent ac

conductivity in higher filler loading. Electrical percolation threshold could be achieved

around 0.25 wt% of MWCNT. Results of contact angle studies showed good correlation with

the morphology of nanocomposites analyzed by SEM and AFM techniques.

Keywords: Polytrimethylene terephthalate, Multi walled carbon nanotube, Dielectric studies,

Contact angle.

PNC-07-Amma

HIGHLY TOUGHENED NANOSTRUCTURED THERMOSETS FROM

EPOXY/BLOCK COPOLYMER BLEND SYSTEM – AEROSPACE,

AUTOMOBILE AND ADHESIVE APPLICATIONS

Remya V R1,2 , Sabu Thomas3, Oluwatobi S Oluwafemi1,2,*

1Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028,

Johannesburg, South Africa. 2Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa


Kottayam, India


We report an approach for the design of highly toughened nanostructured thermosets from

poly (styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) block copolymer (SBS) and epoxy system. This

approach consists of the epoxidation of Poly Butadiene block in the SBS block copolymer

and further mixing with DGEBA (Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) resin and DDM (4,4′-

diaminodiphenyl methane) as curing agent. The incorporation of epoxidized block

copolymers in epoxy resulted in the formation of nanostructured blends. Morphological

behaviors as well as spectroscopic properties was investigated using Transmission electron

microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM),

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance

spectroscopy (NMR). The dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties of these blended

systems were measured. It was established that nanostructured blends significantly improved

the fracture toughness and impact strength. Therefore this system can be applied in various

application fields like aircrafts, automobiles and coating industries.

Keywords: Toughened, Nanostructured, Thermosets, Epoxy, Block copolymer.


PNC-10-Rajan

NANOCOMPOSITES OF POLYBLENDS OF POLYPROPYLENE AND

POLYLACTIC ACID CONTAINING HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES

Krishna Prasad Rajan1*, Ahmed Al Ghamdi1, Selvin P Thomas1,2, Aravinthan Gopanna2,3 and Murthy Chavali3

1Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Royal Commission Colleges &

Institutes, PO Box: 30436, Yanbu Industrial City 41912 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2Advanced Materials Laboratory, Yanbu Research Center, Royal Commission for Yanbu-Colleges and

Institutes, P. O. Box 30436, Yanbu Industrial City41912, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials, Manufacturing, Processing and Characterization

(CoExAMMPC), Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research University (VFSTRU; Vignan’s

University), Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213 Andhra Pradesh, INDIA


Polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) were blended using a single screw extruder in

the ratio 80:20 and compatibilized by the incorporation of 3 wt% of maleic anhydride grafted

PP (MA-g-PP) as a reactive compatibilizer. The compatibilized blend was selected as the

matrix for reinforcement with halloysite nanotubes (HNT). The nanotubes were varied from

0 to 10 wt%. Static and dynamic mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated

to find the optimum wt% of the HNT. The degree of entanglement, reinforcement efficiency

factor, C factor, adhesion factor and b factor were calculated using the data obtained from the

dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the nanocomposites. The morphology of the

nanotubes in the composites and their dispersion were analyzed using transmission electron

microscope (TEM). The static and dynamic mechanical property evaluation indicated that 6

wt% of HNT resulted in a marginal improvement of these properties. A uniform distribution

of the nanofiller in the base matrix was revealed by TEM analysis, and also, the nanotubes

were intact, without any damage, suggesting its capability to withstand the higher shear rates

experienced during conventional melt blending techniques.

Keywords: Polypropylene, Polylactic acid, Halloysite nanotubes, Dynamic mechanical

analysis, Transmission electron microscopy.

PNC-11-Štěpánek

MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES AND POLYELECTROLYTES IN

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS: CO-ASSEMBLY BEHAVIOR AND

APPLICATIONS

Miroslav Štěpánek1*, Jana Hajduová1, Mariusz Uchman1, Ivo Šafařík2, Mirka Šafaříková2, Miroslav Šlouf3,

Stergios Pispas4

1Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030,

Prague, Czech Republic

2Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Nanobiology and Structural Biology of Global Change

Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, Czech

Republic 3Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský sq. 2, Prague,

Czech Republic 4Theoretical & Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos

Constantinou Ave. Athens, Greece,


Coating of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by charged agents like oleic

acid or poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) has become a common way to prepare stable SPIONs

aqueous dispersions. The charged SPIONs allow for co-assembly with oppositely charged

polyelectrolytes which can further modify properties of the magnetic nanoparticles. In this

communication, we report on interactions of oleate- and PMAA-coated SPIONs with

oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, poly[3,5-bis(trimethylammoniummethyl)-4-

hydroxystyrene iodide]-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (QNPHOS-PEO) and chitosan (CS).

While in the case of diblock copolymer QNPHOS-PEO, the resulting QNPHOS-PEO/oleate-

SPION aggregates are stabilized by neutral hydrophilic PEO chains, the interaction of CS

with PMMA leads to precipitation of the CS/PMAA-SPION interpolyelectrolyte complex.

We investigate the aggregation behavior of the QNPHOS-PEO/oleate-SPION system by

combined static and dynamic light scattering measurements (including small-angle light

scattering measurement) and show how the interaction with QNPHOS-PEO affects the

structure and internal dynamics of the aggregates. In the case of CS/PMAA-SPION

interpolyelectrolyte complex, we focus rather on the applications of the latter material for

immobilization and magnetic manipulation of enzymes (lipase) and cells (yeast cells).

Keywords: polyelectrolytes, block copolymer, magnetic nanoparticles, colloidal dispersions.

PNC-12-Thomas

HIGHLY STABLE NANOCOMPOSITES OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

AND HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES

Selvin P Thomas1,2 Aravinthan Gopanna2,3 and Khaled Alzahrani4

1Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Royal Commission Colleges &

Institutes, PO Box: 30436, Yanbu Industrial City 41912 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2Advanced Materials Laboratory, Yanbu Research Center, Royal Commission for Yanbu-Colleges and

Institutes, P. O. Box 30436, Yanbu Industrial City41912, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials, Manufacturing, Processing and Characterization


University), Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213 Andhra Pradesh, INDIA 4Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Royal Commission Colleges

& Institutes, PO Box: 30436, Yanbu Industrial City 41912 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.


Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is an important commercial thermoplastic that is widely used in

industry owing to its good balance of properties and low cost. However, the range of

applications of PVC is limited by its brittleness, low thermal stability, and poor processability.

These shortcomings can be reduced by incorporating nanoparticles such as organic

montmorillonite (MMT), calcium carbonate nanoparticles, and multi-walled carbon

nanotubes into the polymer to improve mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, the

properties of plasticized PVC were modified by incorporating halloysite nanotubes (HNT)

powder through a batch mixing process. The composites were prepared by varying the weight

percentage of the filler up to 6%. The composites showed appreciable improvement in the

mechanical and thermal properties which can be correlated to the interaction between the filler

and the matrix. Based on the properties we chose 4 wt% as the optimum loading. The

composites showed exemplary thermal stability time against Congo Red method. Also, a

suitable coupling agent was added to improve the properties further. The composites can be

utilized for devices in extreme conditions where volatile organic components especially

chlorine is released.

Keywords: Polyvinyl chloride, Halloysite nanotubes, Thermal stability, Mechanical

Characterization.


PNC-13-Bicy

ELECTROSPUN PVDF-TrFE/ Al2O3 NANOFIBEROUS MEMBRANES

AS LITHIUM ION BATTERY SEPARATOR

Bicy K1, Didier Rouxel2,Arul Manuel Stephen3, Geethamma V G1, Nanadakumar Kalarikkal1, Sabu Thomas1,4

1International and Inter University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,Mahatma Gandhi University,

Kottayam, Kerala, India 2 Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS7198,Universit é de Lorraine, 54000 Vandoeuvre-Lès Nancy, France,

3Central Electrochemical research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India 4School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India


PVDF-TrFE/ Al2O3 nanocomposite membranes were prepared by electrospinning method and

studied their effectiveness as lithium ion battery separator. PVDF-TrFE nano fibrous

membranes having different fiber diameter and porosity were prepared by incorporating 1, 3,

5,7and 10 wt% Al2O3. Morphological analysis of the prepared membranes was carried out by

SEM and TEM. The SEM images reveal that average fiber diameter increases with Al2O3

loading and TEM images indicate that the nanoparticles are well dispersed in nanofibers.

Mechanical strength of the membranes measured using UTM, reveals that the mechanical

strength gradually decreases with increase of Al2O3 concentration. Since the dimensional

stability of separator is an important factor, the thermal shrinkage was carefully evaluated.

The thermal shrinkage studies prove that all the membranes have better dimensional stability

than that of Celgard separator. Wettability of the prepared membranes with liquid electrolyte

was studied by electrolyte uptake and contact angle measurements. All the membranes were

excellent in terms of electrolyte uptake and porosity, however highest electrolyte uptake and

porosity was observed in case of 5% Al2O3 loaded membrane.

Keywords: PVDF-TrFE/Al2O3, nanofibers, electrospinning, electrolyte uptake, separator,

lithium ion battery.


PNC-14-Nair

EMI SHIELDING MATERIALS BASED ON MWCNT FILLED PP/NR

BLENDS

Sharika Thankappan Nair1, Soney C George2, Sabu Thomas1


P.D. Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India. 2Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering,

Kottayam, Kerala, India


Herein we fabricated Polypropylene/Natural rubber blends filled with different loadings of

MWCNT by Simple Melt Mixing technique. Selective localization of MWCNT in NR is

assessed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and phase morphology of the prepared

composites are determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy. In order to design materials

which can shield electromagnetic radiations the electrical conductivity was targeted here

using a conducting inclusion, MWCNTs. Interestingly the bulk electrical conductivity of the

blend was enhanced due to the improved dispersion of MWCNTs. A significant enhancement

in shielding effectiveness is also observed for the composites with different amount of

MWCNT. Control over the precise location of nanoparticle is requestic to obtain better

materials. It is shown here that localization of nanoparticles in the blend structure can result

in excellent dielectric behaviour and electrical conductivity. This work opens up new

paradigm for electromagnetic shielding applications with the aid of a sustainable and

simplified method also.

Keywords: MWCNTs, Localization, Phase morphology, Conductivity, EMI shielding,

Nanocomposites.

PNC-15-Nair

DOPED GRAPHENES/SILVER NANOWIRE POLYSTYRENE FREE

STANDING FILMS FOR NONLINEAR OPTICAL LIMITING

APPLICATIONS

Anju K Nair1,2*, Kala M .S2, Sabu Thomas1,3, Nandakumar Kalarikkal 1,4*


Kottayam-686560, Kerala 2Department of Physics, St. Teresa’s College Ernakulam, Kerala

3School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686560, Kerala 4School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686560, Kerala

*Corresponding author :[email protected], [email protected]

The development of low-cost flexible broadband optical limiting materials is vital for the

fabrication of eye and optical sensors protection devices from intense light-induced damage.

Herein, we presented a simple method for the fabrication of flexible optical limiting devices

(AgNW/doped graphenes (N and B doping) - polystyrene free standing films) by solvent

casting process. The structure and morphology of the free standing films have been

characterized using different techniques like UV-Vis absorption spectra, X-ray powder

diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Raman spectra,

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The

optical limiting properties of hybrid films are also investigated by open aperture Z-scan

technique using nanosecond lasers. It is noted that the free standing films exhibit highly

efficient optical limiting activity with very low limiting thresholds than that of the bare

samples. Furthermore, the amazing stability and flexibility of these films open a door for the

practical applications.

Keywords: Optical limiting. AgNW, doped graphenes, polystyrene, Z-scan.

PNC-16-Aung

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF POLYURETHANE

ACRYLATE WITH GRAPHENE OXIDE FOR ANTI-CORROSIVE

COATING FROM JATROPHA OIL

*Min Min Aung1&2, Muhammad Mirza Ariffin2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

Malaysia 2Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,

Malaysia


Vegetable oil-based products and derivatives have emerged as popular alternatives for

petrochemical-based materials due their more environmental friendly feature. Over the years,

extensive studies have been conducted on jatropha oil as it contains high degree of unsaturated

fatty acids which is a crucial characteristic in producing high performance materials such as

paint. In this study, jatropha oil-based polyurethane acrylate was prepared by reacting

hydroxylated epoxidized jatropha oil (EJO) with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and

(hydroxyethyl) methacrylate (HEMA) with maximum reaction time of 3 hours. FTIR showed

bands of OH and urethane groups at 3363 cm-1 and 3347 cm-1 respectively while NMR

spectroscopy reveals resonance peaks of protons and carbons attached to the polyurethane. The

thin film coating was prepared by mixing 60% of polyurethane acrylate resin with 40%

trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) 4% photoinitiator (Darocur 1137) and graphene oxide

of different percentages (0-5%). The resin was then spread onto bare steel and exposed to UV

light for 45 minutes. The cured coatings were tested for corrosion resistance using

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and salt spray test. Both the EIS and

salt spray test results show that the increase of graphene oxide composition tends to increase

the anti-corrosive property of the coatings.

Key words: polyurethane acrylate, EIS, salt spray, anti-corrosive coating.

PNC-20-Ghazali

CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE ON NANOSILICA IMMOBILIZED

WITH CHOLINE CHLORIDE-UREA

Zaitun Ghazali1, Mohd Ambar Yarmo1, Rizafizah Othaman1,2*

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology,

University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Biodegradable nanocomposite sorbent based on nanosilica and choline chloride-urea was

synthesized and its ability to adsorb and desorb carbon dioxide (CO2) has been studied. The

nanocomposite sorbents was synthesized by sol gel technique. The choline chloride-urea (mol

ratio 1:2) content in nanosilica varied at 5 to 25 w/w-%. The physico-chemical properties for

the prepared sorbents have been characterized using several methods of characterization such

Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Thermogravimetric

Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and N2 absorption by Bruneuer,

Emmet and Teller (BET) technique. Specific surface areas of the sorbents were significantly

reduced due to blocking of micropores and mesopores by adding the choline chloride-urea.

Degradation of choline chloride-urea start at 130°C with urea followed by choline chloride at

higher temperature. The sorbent ability to adsorb CO2 was evaluated using isothermal CO2

adsorption analyser. CO2 adsorption capacity increased with the weight percent of choline

chloride-urea loaded into the nanosilica. The combination of nanosilica and choline chloride-

urea effectively generate new sorbent with a high adsorption capacity, low cost and

environmentally friendly, which nowadays is very demanded to solve the problem of

increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.

Keywords: Carbon Dioxide, Choline Chloride-Urea, Nanosilica.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwj7jbPR5ZHTAhVHspQKHawaCbUQFggZMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAttenuated_total_reflectance&usg=AFQjCNEtbnP0mM8PnkXfrB3ZdA8Smj9myA&bvm=bv.152174688,d.c2I

PNC-24-Ismail

EFFECT OF ORGANO-MODIFIED MUSCOVITE ON MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF ABS NANOCOMPOSITES

Nor Hafizah Che Ismail1, 2, Siti Nor Din 1,2, Hazizan Md Akil*1

1School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perlis), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia


In the present study the effect of organo-modified muscovite on mechanical properties of

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) nanocomposites was investigated.

Organomuscovite/ABS nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding using an

internal mixer (Polydrive Thermo Haake R600). The morphology and mechanical properties

of composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction

(XRD) analysis and tensile tests. In general, the addition of clay increased the tensile modulus

and had little effect on tensile. It was found that modification of muscovite with

cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) by using ion exchange had increased the basal

spacing from 9.9 °A to 27.9 °A as observed by XRD. The tensile and modulus strength of

organo-modified muscovite was improved compared to untreated muscovite. The FESEM

images confirm the presence of intercalated structures and good dispersion of clay layers

within ABS polymer. The present study shows that not only the basal spacing increase after

modification but also the degree of dispersion improved significantly.

Keywords: Muscovite, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, ion exchange,

cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

PNC-26-Balakrishnan

MORPHOLOGY AND POLYMER CHAIN CONFINEMENT IN

NANOCOMPOSITE BASED ON THERMOPLASTIC POTATO

STARCH AND CELLULOSE NANOFIBER FORM PINEAPPLE LEAF

Preetha Balakrishnan1, Sreekala M S2, Sabu Thomas1,3*

1International and Inter University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University

Kottayam Kerala India 2Sree Sankara College Kalady, Sankar Nagar Mattor PO kalady Ernakulam India

3School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India


Environmentally friendly “green” nano composites were fabricated from potato starch and

cellulose nanofibers from pineapple leaf. Nanocomposites of starch, cellulose nanofibers from

pineapple leaf were fabricated by solution mixing followed by casting. Cellulose nanofibers

were extracted from waste pineapple leaf by acid hydrolysis method and well characterized

using advanced instrumental techniques like FTIR, XRD, DLS, SEM, TEM, AFM etc. The

investigation of the viscoelastic properties confirms starch macromolecular chain

confinement around the nano scale cellulose surface, superior dispersion and very good

interaction between thermoplastic starch and cellulose nanofibers. The degree of chain

confinement was quantified. The chain confinement was associated with the immobilization

of the starch macromolecular chains in the network formed by the nano-scale cellulose fibers

as a result of hydrogen boding interactions. From the results, it is assumed that the starch

glycerol system exhibit a heterogenous nature and cellulose nanofibers tend to move towards

glycerol rich starch phase. The outcome of the work confirms that the prepared

nanocomposites films can be used as a swap for packaging applications.

Keywords: Thermoplastic starch, Nanofiber, Transport, Isolation Morphology, Polymer

chain confinement.

PNC-29-Balendranb

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PMMA-SILVER

NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS BY GAMMA IRRADIATION

TECHNIQUE

FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS

K B Bhavitha1,2 ,Sabu Thomas,2,3 Nandakumar Kalarikkal*2,4

1Department of Physics, St Teresas’s College, Ernakulam-682011, Kerala, India 2International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University,

Kottayam-686 560, Kerala, India 3School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686 560, Kerala, India

4School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686 560, Kerala, India


Polymethyl methacrylate-Silver (PMMA-Ag) polymer nanocomposites are synthesized using

gamma ray irradiation to MMA and AgNO3 precursors. The nanocomposite and the films were

prepared using compression molding technique and found to be an excellent material for

surface enhanced Raman scattering, antibacterial, and dielectric applications. We have done

the basic characterization such as FT-IR, Raman spectra, UV-Vis, XRD and SEM. The material

has been studied for SERS application using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as the probe molecule.

Antimicrobial studies of the film samples where studied using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and

Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) microbial organisms. The dielectric properties of the

film samples are studied using LCR metre. This composite is found to be a multifunctional

material for variable applications and hence this gamma irradiated method for the synthesis is

used to tune the properties and is found to be a better option than the conventional synthesis

methods.

Keywords: Polymethyl methacrylate, Silver nanoparticles, Gamma irradiation, Dielectric

properties, Antimicrobial studies, SERS.


PNC-34-Jose

EFFECT OF NANOFILLERS ON THE PERVAPORATION

PERFORMANCE OF PVA NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE

MATERIALS

Thomasukutty Jose1, 2#, Soney C George1. 2*, Sabu Thomas3

1Centre For Nano Science and Technology, Department of Basic Sciences, Amal Jyothi College of

Engineering, Kanjirapally, Kerala, India-686518, [email protected], [email protected], 2Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India-641 046


Kottayam, Kerala, India-686 560, [email protected].

#Presenting Author


Pervaporation is an important membrane based separation processes developed for the

separation of close boiling point liquids or azeotropes, which cannot be separated by standard

distillation processes. An important element in pervaporation process is the development of

membrane with high permeation flux and separation factor. So the development of such kind

of stable membrane material for pervaporation separation of water-organic mixtures is critical

for industrial applications. In this point of view, we developed Poly (vinyl alcohol)

nanocomposite membranes via simple solution casting method by varying the concentration

of nanofillers, and employed for the separation of azeotropic water – organic mixtures. At

minimum filler loading, the pervaporation performance is increased and membranes showed

maximum separation efficiency.

Keywords: Pervaporation, Nanocomposite membranes, Azeotropes, Selectivity





PP-02-Razak

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF

HEMICELLULOSES BASED FILM PRODUCED FROM OIL PALM

EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH BIOMASS

Nadhilah R.1, Mohamad Haafiz M. K.1*, Hashim, R.1, Syahariza, Z.A.2, Hussin M.H.3, Nurul Fazita M.R1

1Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology Department, School of Industrial Technology,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. 2Food Technology Department, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800

Penang, Malaysia. 3Lignocellulosic & Materials Technology Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti

Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.


To date, numerous attentions have been given to the production of green polymer in challenge

to reduce the environmental problems triggered by the petroleum based plastic waste. One of

the organic polymers received a plethora attention among researchers is hemicelluloses.

Hemicellulose is natural polysaccharides which are abundantly available, cheap, nontoxic and

demonstrated a good potential be used for green packaging. Therefore, in this study,

hemicellulose based films were fabricated from hemicelluloses obtained through alkali-

ethanol extraction of oil palm empty fruit bunch. The isolated hemicellulose was then mixed

with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by solution casting technique at various hemicelluloses

loading (20, 40, 60, and 80 wt %) to produce H-CMC. The H-CMC was then characterized

by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mechanical testing, scanning

microscopy electron (SEM) and differential scanning colorimeter (DSC). The FTIR analysis

revealed the presence of carbonyl group that representing hemicelluloses intensity increases

from 1568 cm-1 -1618 cm-1 with additional of hemicellulose in all H-CMC formulations. The

peak at 3581 cm-1 shifted to 3647 cm-1 indicate increased the numbers of hydroxyl group (O-

H) in H-CMC films. Meanwhile, the DSC results showed that all hemicelluloses films blend

with CMC in this study fails to show Tg. Melting temperature was observed and has shifted

to right relatively higher temperature upon hemicelluloses modification from 258.34º C to

260.14º C. The elongation at break of blend film increased by 14.30 %, however the tensile

of the film decrease by 56 % at 80 % hemicellulose loading as compared to CMC film.

Meanwhile The thickness of the film increase with increase in hemicelluloses loading from

0.076 mm - 0.12 mm (4.5 %) and the light transmittance of blend film decreased with

additional of hemicelluloses. Fractography observation by SEM revealed a uniform and

smooth surface of H-CMC film until 40 % hemicelluloses loading before surface roughness

occurred at 60% and 80% hemicelluloses loading.

Keywords: Empty Fruit Bunch; Hemicelluloses film; Carboxylmethyl Cellulose; Scanning

microscopy electron; Mechanical properties.

PP-03-Kassim

CHARACTERIZATION OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILMS

OBTAINED FROM OIL PALM BIOMASS VIA IONIC LIQUID

Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim*, Nor Amalini Ahmad

Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology Department, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains

Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang


Regenerated cellulose (RC) films were fabricated from oil palm empty fruit bunch

microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-MCC) by using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

(BMIMCl) as green cellulose solvent. The OPEFB-MCC at 6.5 wt% was dissolved in

BMIMCl with addition of 2 parts per hundred contents (phc) tannic acid as cellulose stabilizer

and was liquefied at different temperatures ranging from 75 to 85 oC. The resultant films were

then characterized for physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, optical, as well as

morphological properties using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,

thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile test, transparency test, and scanning electron

microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra revealed the conversion of cellulose I to II structure after

regeneration process with the macromolecules remain undestroyed, suggesting that BMIMCl

is a non-derivatizing solvent for the cellulose. Meanwhile the TGA curves showed that RC

films displayed a good thermal stability comparable to the OPEFB-MCC. Increase in the

dissolution temperature slightly enhanced the elongation at break of RC films by 25 %,

however lowered the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the RC films by 20 % and 35

% respectively. Interesting to note that no significant effect was observed for the film

transparency at different dissolution temperatures. SEM micrographs of the RC films depicted

smooth and homogeneous surfaces thus indicated excellent dissolution of the OPEFB-MCC

in the BMIMCl. Overall, the OPEFB-MCC acts as excellent film matrix and its regeneration

process using ionic liquid not only promote green processing techniques but also development

of biopolymeric materials as alternative to the synthetic materials for various applications.

Keywords: Regenerated cellulose, oil palm biomass, microcrystalline cellulose, ionic liquid.

PP-06-Lim

EFFECTS OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT

AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF FUCOIDAN FROM

Sargassum sp.

Bibi Marliana Binti Baba, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha*, Lim Seng Joe

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA


Fucoidan is a type of glyconutrient and one of the major polysaccharides contained in brown

seaweeds. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different extraction methods

on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum sp.

originated from Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia. Three different extraction methods were used in

this study, namely the acidic extraction (ES), alkaline extraction (EA) and enzymatic extraction

(EE), each using hydrochloric acid (3% w/v), calcium chloride (3% w/v) and papain (3% w/v)

respectively at different temperatures and time. Physicochemical analyses carried out were the

yield, purity and fucose content, while biological activities assays performed were antioxidant

and antimicrobial activities (disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration,

MIC) of the extracted fucoidan. EA method showed the highest percentage of the extraction

yield (3.8 ± 0.7%), purity (88.7%) and fucose content (80.9 ± 0.4%). This significant result

was obtained with extraction at 65°C for 3 hr. Fucoidan that has been extracted using this

parameter also showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to other methods. Results of

total phenolic content (TPC), free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH), reducing power,

superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOA) and the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (OH)

were 3.4 ± 0.2 mg GAE/100g, 42.2 ± 0.3 mg AA/100g, 0.8 ± 0.1 mg GAE/100g, 25.8 ± 0.9%

and 73.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. The same sample also demonstrated the most effective inhibition

ability against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (67.5 µl/ml) and Salmonella typhi (83.1

µl/ml). In conclusion, the method of EA at 65°C for 3 hr was the most effective method in

producing fucoidan with high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Keywords: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, fucoidan, fucoidan extraction method, Sargassum sp.


PP-09-Khalafu

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF

SULPHATED POLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACTED FROM

INDONESIAN BROWN SEAWEED (Sargassum sp.)

Sharifah Habibah Syed Khalafu, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha*, Lim Seng Joe & Mohamad Yusof Maskat

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor


Sulphated polysaccharide from brown seaweed, or widely known as fucoidan, is reported to

possess various biological activities such as antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and

anti-tumor. However, fucoidan isolated from different species, geographical locations and

maturity were reported to have different chemical and biological properties. The aim of this

research is to determine the chemical properties and antioxidant activities of fucoidan

extracted from Sargassum sp. harvested in Batam, Indonesia. Crude fucoidan (Fsar) was

extracted using low pH acid method and the yield was 5.5% (w/w), and was subsequently

compared to commercial fucoidan (Fcomm). Sulphate content were determined using

spectrophotometric analysis. Fsar and Fcomm were found to contain 5.21±.35% and 8.94±3.63%

of sulphate respectively. Meanwhile, monosaccharide profiling was performed using

methanolysis and detected using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID).

Fsar was found to contain fucose (138.34 µg/g), 4-O-Methyl glucuronic acid (105.39 µg/g),

galactose (70.49 µg/g) and glucuronic acid (30.60 µg/g) while Fcomm contained fucose (520

µg/g) and glucuronic acid (62.93 µg/g) as its main composition. Antioxidant activities were

analysed through DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. It was

found that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) recorded between Fsar and Fcomm except

for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. As a whole, Fsar showed differences in chemical

properties and monosaccharide profiling but similar antioxidant activities compared to that of

commercial fucoidan.

Keywords: Chemical properties, Antioxidant, Sulphated polysaccharide, Brown seaweed,

Sargassum sp.

PPC-02-Shahrim

THE EFFECTS OF GLYCEROL ADDITION ON MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC FILMS BASED ON

JACKFRUIT SEED STARCH

Nur’Aishah Ahmad Shahrim1, Norshahida Sarifuddin1*, Hafizah Hanim Mohd Zaki1

1Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering,

Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)


Thermoplastic films (TPS) based on jackfruit seed starch (JFSS) were produced using

different amount of glycerol as plasticizer via solution casting method. The aim of this study

is to investigate the effect of glycerol on the mechanical properties of TPS. During the process,

the amount of starch was fixed at 3 wt% while the composition of glycerol was varied from 5

to 30 wt% based on 100 g of total mass. Mechanical and physical properties of blends were

evaluated. From the analysis, optimum tensile strength of plasticized JFSS was obtained at

4.40 MPa. The mechanical properties of TPS are supported by the scanning electron

microscopy (SEM), in which the native JFSS granules are converted to a continuous phase in

the presence of glycerol. The incorporation of glycerol in JFSS has also indicated the

formation of hydrogen bond which evidenced by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR).

Keywords: starch, jackfruit, glycerol, thermoplastic.

PPC-03-Shahdan

THERMAL AND TENSILE CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER

BLEND POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA)/ LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER

(LNR) WITH POLYANILINE (PANI)

Dalila Shahdan1*, Sahrim Ahmad1, Ruey Shan Chen1, Farrah Diyana Zailan1 and Adilah Mat Ali1

1School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology,

University Kebangsaan Malaysiam(UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia


Polylactic acid (PLA), liquid natural rubber (LNR) a biodegradable type of polymer and

polyaniline (PANI) a conductive polymer is mixed together via melt blending technique with

incorporation of ultrasonic treatment to produce a conductive type of polymer blend. In this

study the PLA/LNR is fixed at 90:10 of PLA: LNR and the weight percentage of PANI varies

from 0.01 wt. %, 0.03 wt. %, 0.05 wt. %, 0.07 wt. % 0.09 wt. %, 0.11 wt. % and 013 wt.%. It

was found that the tensile properties of the sample is increased when PANI is introduced into

PLA/LNR. An optimum wt. % of PANI is obtained at 0.09 wt. % with an increasing of 15%

of its tensile strength compared to neat PLA/LNR. Thermal analysis of the PLA/LNR/PANI

blends is studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric

(DSC). From the graph obtained, it shows that the thermal stability of the samples is improved

with the addition of PANI into the PLA/LNR. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

micrographs of PLA/LNR/PANI confirm the effect of good dispersion of PANI in PLA/LNR

blend that promotes a well combination between PANI-PLA/LNR matrix networks and

exhibit good effect of the system which improved the thermal and tensile properties

significantly.

Keywords: Polylactic acid, liquid natural rubber, polyaniline, thermal analysis, tensile

properties.

PPC-04-Aziz

GREEN RETREADED TYRE BASED ON EPOXIDISED NATURAL

RUBBER (ENR) BLENDS IN URBAN BUSES

Ahmad Kifli Che Aziz*, Siti Salina Sarkawi and Rohaidah Abdul Rahim

Malaysian Rubber Board, RRIM Research Station, Sg. Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia


Utilization of Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR) in tyre tread compounds significantly

improved wet grip performance and reduce rolling resistance of tyre. The blend of ENR with

Polybutadiene Rubber (BR) shows a promising result for laboratory abrasion test however to

date no direct correlation with the actual performance on the road. This study is conducted to

evaluate on the road performance of ENR/BR blends tread compounds on retreaded tyre fitted

on Malaysia’s urban buses. Two main routes which subjected with heavy traffic in Kuala

Lumpur city center were selected for the test and a total of 10 buses were selected for this study.

Each buses of rear drive axles were fitted with 2 units of ENR blends retreaded tyres on one

side and 2 units of standard Natural Rubber (NR) blended with BR retreaded tyres formulation

on the opposite side as comparison with both of tyre size of 275/70R22.5. The wear

performance of the tyre tread was studied for 3 to 6 months and data collection of tread depth

was done every two weeks interval. From the study, it was found ENR blends retreaded tyre

formulation performed better wear resistance than standard retreaded tyres formulation. The

mileage percentage of ENR tread compounds was found 23 % to 30% better than standard

retreaded tyre formulation for both selected routes.

Keywords: Epoxidised Natural Rubber, retreaded tyre, wear.


PPC-05-Kaliyathan

EFFECT OF BLEND RATIO AND MIXING TECHNIQUES ON

CARBON BLACK FILLED NR/SBR BLENDS

Abitha V K1, Sabu Thomas1,2*

1School Of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala -686560

2International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University

,Kottayam- 686560


Polymer blends and composites are the pioneers in the polymer industry. Among this a large

number of rubber blends are produced in different rubber manufacturing industries in order

to obtain a product with ideal properties and least cost. Natural rubber (NR) /styrene butadiene

rubber (SBR) blends are mostly utilized for tire applications (e.g. tire treads).NR/SBR blends

of different ratios (75/25, 50/50, 25/75) along with their individual rubbers i.e. (100NR and

100SBR) were prepared using two roll mill and Lab scale ban bury mixer. Carbon black was

added as the reinforcing filler. Mooney viscosity, rheological and mechanical properties were

done using mooney viscometer, rheometer and universal testing machine respectively and

properties were analyzed and discussed on basis of their blend ratios and mixing techniques.

transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were done in

order to analyze the morphology and filler migration in the NR/SBR blend. Additionally

NMR analysis was also done to assess the filler migration in NR/SBR blends. Among the

blends75NR/25SBR blend ratio shows good mechanical properties as compared to other

systems. Carbon black particles were dispersed in SBR phase of the NR/SBR blend system.

Keywords:

Rubber blends, Natural Rubber, Styrene butadiene rubber, Morphology, Carbon black,

Mechanical properties.

PPC-08-Chin

MECHANICAL PRETREATED OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH

FIBRES FOR IMPROVED METHYLENE BLUE (MB) ADSORPTION.

Siew Xian Chin a,b, Chee Mun Chan a, Soon Wei Chook b, Chin Hua Chia b, and Sarani Zakaria b.

aASASIpintar, Pusat PERMATApintar NEGARA, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor,

Malaysia. bBioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

The effectiveness of mechanical pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres in

removing dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution via adsorption is explored. It is

well studied that the efficiency of MB adsorption using natural fibres is generally affected by

a few factors such pH, temperature and the concentration of MB. However, the effect of the

size of fibres is rarely been investigate. Prior to any adsorption of MB process, physical pre-

treatment is performed on EFB fibres via shearing process using Silverson Shear mixer. It was

found that various shearing duration of EFB fibres will affect the rate of adsorption due to the

change in fibre sizes. From the obtained result, smaller size of EFB fibres would enhance the

rate and adsorption capacity of MB as compared with the control sample (EFB fibres without

any mechanical shearing). However, this is not a linear relationship for the adsorption process.

As the shearing duration was further increased to 30 minutes, the rate of adsorption decrease.

Meanwhile, shearing with 0.1 M NaOH gives a better rate and adsorption capacity as compared

to water. Hence, pre-treatment of EFB fibres indeed can increase the rate and adsorption

capacity. This study may provide useful information and basic data for the practical use of EFB

fibers as MB adsorbents.

Keywords: Adsorption, EFB fibres, Methylene Blue, Mechanical pretreatment.

PPC-09-Reghunadhan

NANOSTRUCTURED TRANSPARENT BLENDS OF RECYCLED

POLYURETHANE WITH EPOXIES: PHASE SEPARATION AND

MORPHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Arunima Reghunadhan, Nandakumar Kalarikkal and Sabu Thomas

International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University,


Polymer recycling is an important consideration to reduce the waste and cost of polymers.

Consumption of recycled polymers having matching properties with original ones is to be

adapted in order to reduce the cost of chemicals used for manufacturing and to protect the

environment. Here we tried to employ recycled polyurethane derived from post-consumer foam

waste as a modifier for DGEBA epoxy resins. The combination of epoxy and polyurethane

brought about increased mechanical properties and transparency. The phase separation and the

transparency suggest nanostructure formation inside the epoxy matrix. Different amount of

polyurethane produced different morphologies. The fracture morphology analysis confirmed

the enhanced properties through brittle to ductile transition. Resultant materials showed better

dielectric and thermal properties which suggest them suitable for electronic industry.

Keywords: Polymer recycling, epoxy resins, phase separation, transparency.

PPC-10-Samsudin

THE EFFECT OF CATALYST CONCENTRATION, TEMPERATURE

AND TIME FOR NOVEL PALM OIL BASED PLASTICIZER

CONTAINING PHOSPHORUS BASED FLAME RETARDANT

Nur Nadia Samsudin1, Abdul Razak Rahmat1*, Rohah Abdul Majid1, Rohani Mustapha1

1Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.


The synthesis of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) containing flame retardant group, diethyl phosphate

to produce palm oil phosphate ester (POPE) was studied. During synthesis, the catalyst

concentration, the reaction temperature and reaction time were varied to investigate their effects

on the yield of reaction. Triphenyl phosphine act as a catalyst was varied at the amount of 0.1,

0.2, 0.3 grams while reaction temperature ranging from 70°C, 80°C and 90°C and 2, 3, 4 hours

for time variation. After synthesizing, the mixture of POPE was washed with distilled water until

pH=7 and the remaining excess water were eliminated by using vacuum oven. Characterizations

of POPE were conducted by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Based on

the result obtained from the yield of reaction and characterizations, the optimal reaction

conditions were achieved at catalyst concentration of 0.2 at 80°C for a reaction time of 2 hours.

Keywords: Epoxidized palm oil, EPO, diethyl phosphate, flame retardant, triphenyl phosphine.

PPC-11-Gopanna

EFFECTS OF CYCLIC OLEFIN COPOLYMER BLEND RATIO ON

THE PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF

POLYPROPYLENE

Aravinthan Gopanna1, 2*, Khaled Al Zahrani1,3, Selvin P Thomas1,4, Krishna Prasad Rajan4 and Murthy

Chavali2

1Advanced Materials Laboratory, Yanbu Research Center, Royal Commission for Yanbu-Colleges and

Institutes,

P. O. Box 30436, Yanbu Industrial City 41912, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials, Manufacturing, Processing and Characterization


University), Vadlamudi,

Guntur 522 213 Andhra Pradesh, INDIA 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Royal Commission Colleges

& Institutes,

P.O. Box: 30436, Yanbu Industrial City 41912, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 4Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Royal Commission Colleges &

Institutes,

P.O. Box: 30436, Yanbu Industrial City 41912, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.


Polypropylene (PP) is a widely used commercial thermoplastic for the fabrication of molded

items, fibers, sheets and films. Copolymer based on norbornene and ethylene known as cyclic

olefin copolymer (COC) has wide property profile such as good thermal properties, optical

transparency, moisture barrier resistance, biocompatibility, etc. Amorphous COC provides

higher heat resistance and long-term dimensional stability than semi crystalline PP. PP/COC

blends were prepared using a co-rotating twin screw extruder over the entire composition

range from PP100:COC0 to PP0:COC100 with the increment of 10% COC fraction and

mechanical, thermal, rheological and morphological properties of the blends were

investigated. PP/COC blends were melt compounded without compatibilizers as COC is

expected to be compatible with polypropylene due to its olefinic behavior. PP/COC blend

with 50/50 ratio showed significant improvement in tensile, flexural, heat resistance and

viscoelastic behavior compared to those of neat PP. It also exhibited better processability and

impact behavior than that of neat COC. The SEM results revealed that the fibrous morphology

of COC component, which in turn aided in improving the physical, mechanical and thermal

performance of PP.

Keywords: Cyclic olefin copolymer, Polypropylene, Mechanical Characterization, Heat

Resistance, Rheology.

PPC-12-Mustapha

MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ACRYLATED

EPOXIDIZED PALM OIL / EPOXY RESIN BLEND WITH BIO-BASED

HARDENER

Rohani Mustapha1,2, Abdul Razak Rahmat 1*, Nur Nadia Samsudin1

1Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru,

Johor, Malaysia 2School of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu,

Terengganu, Malaysia


Recently there has been a surge of interest in the development of bio-based thermoset resins

from renewable materials as an alternative to replace conventional petroleum-based thermoset

resins. The drive toward this is because of its contribution to environmental preservation.

Herein, the bio-based epoxy resins were prepared from a blend of diglycidyl ether of

bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin and acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO). The AEPO

contents were varied at 10, 20 and 30 wt%. The bio-based resins were cured with a

Phenalkamines Cardolite NX-2003D bio-based hardener at 25 ºC for 3 h and post cured at 80

ºC for 6h. The mechanical and thermal properties of the obtained epoxy resins were studied.

The results indicated that the increasing of AEPO content increased elongation at break and

toughness of the obtained bio-based epoxy resins up to 30%. The elongation at break and

toughness of AEPO/epoxy resins are 11.99 % and 1.99 MJ/m3, which are 131.87 % and 57.02

% higher than that of neat epoxy resin (1.42 MJ/m3), respectively. However, the tensile

strength, Young’s modulus and thermal stability is generally decreased with respect to

increasing AEPO content. This is due to the reduction of the cross linking density and effect

of plasticizer.

Keywords: Epoxy, acrylated epoxidized palm oil, bio-hardener, composites, mechanical

properties, thermal properties

PPC-13-Ramahdita

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS SEQUENCE ON

CRYSTALLINITY OF SORGHUM-BASED MICRO-FIBRILLATED

CELLULOSE

Ismojo1, Fernando1, Ghiska Ramahdita1, Mochamad Chalid1*

1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, West

Java, Depok 16424, Indonesia

**Corresponding author: [email protected]

Development of micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC)-derived from natural fiber is continuously

gaining interest to produce an environmentally friendly material. Accordingly, sorghum is one

of the most-cultivated crops that usually remain the bagasse as byproduct of bioethanol

production. Indeed, it will be a promising area to utilize sorghum bagasse to produce MFC for

enhancing polymer performance, especially in terms of crystallinity. In this study, a sequence

of chemical modification was applied to sorghum fibers, i.e. alkalization using 10% sodium

hydroxide followed by bleaching using 1.7% sodium chlorite then sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The

treatment was objected to unbundle the lignocellulose networks into MFC with less amorphous

part and lower hydrophilic properties. Evaluation of the chemical treatments effect on

crystallinity index of sorghum fiber was measured via X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and supported

by morphological image from Field-Emission Scanning Electron microscope (FE-SEM) and

chemical characterization from Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The

experiments show that production of sorghum-based MFC sized 3-4 µm was successfully

carried out and enhanced crystallinity index from 41% to 80% due to removal of amorphous

part include hemicellulose and lignin.

Keywords: micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC), sorghum bagasse, chemical treatments,

crystallinity index, FE-SEM, FTIR.


PPC-15-Jamil

FRACTURE AND FATIGUE RESPONSE OF A SELF-HEALING

EPOXY ADHESIVE

Noor Nabilah MuhamadMin, Mohd Suzeren Md Jamil*

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Self-healing polymers possess the ability to heal damage occurred in the structure of the

material using resources inherently available to the system. The ability of materials to undergo

self-healing process which induced by thermal stimulus based on the “Solid state self-healing

resin systems” mechanisms. The amount of life extension during the fatigue loading of a self-

healing polymer depends on the interaction between the chemical kinetics of the healing

system and the damage kinetics of the fatigue loading. An initial incision in the middle of a

composite sample stretched in a static fatigue test can result in either crack propagation or

healing. In this study, crack evolution was observed in real time. When the matrix epoxy were

damaged by a growing crack in this composite material because of static stretching in the

fatigue test, they released the healing agent into the crack area. The solid state self-healing

system was obtained by dissolving the thermoplastic which act as a healing agent into the

thermosetting epoxy resin. Preparation of matrix resin was done by mixing diglycidyl ether

of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with methyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (NMA) as

curing agent and benzyldimethylamine (BDMA) as a catalyst. Poly(bisphenol-A-co-

epichlorohydrin) (PDGEBA) was selected as healing agent to dissolve into an epoxy resin

matrix. Infrared analysis (FTIR-ATR) results confirming that the matrix resin curing process

occurred. The FTIR spectra of all resin matrices also indicated that no chemical reaction or

covalent bond formation occured between healing agents and matrix resin. Dynamic

mechanical analysis (DMA) showed single Tan Delta peak for healable resin PDGEBA

proving the matrix resin formed was homogeneous. Healing was achieved by heating the

fractured resins at 160oC; above their glass transition temperature (Tg) which obtained from

DMA and DSC. Under compact tension test, healable resin PDGEBA was found to reach the

highest recovery in mechanical properties with the value of 60% of average percentage

healing efficiencies. Under fatigue test, the fatigue life of healable resin PDGEBA was shown

to be increased by a factor of half compared to the control resin’s fatigue life (without healing

agent). Moreover, the healable resin also showed an improvement in residual strength than

the control resin after exposure to 600 fatigue cycles. The fatigue-healing process was proved

through the surface and cross-section resin morphology analyses using microscopy optic and

SEM. The results obtained from this study confirm that the solid state self-healing system is

very effective in obstructing fatigue crack propagation and monotonic fracture, thus

effectively provides a self-healing polymer material with higher endurance limits.

Keywords: Self-healing epoxy, Healing efficiency, Fatigue test.

PPC-16-Wisojodharmo

EFFECT OF PEPTIZER IN MASTICATION PROCESS OF NATURAL

RUBBER/BUTADIENE RUBBER BLENDING: RHEOLOGICAL AND

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Lies A. Wisojodharmo1,*, Dewi Kusuma Arti1, Ade Sholeh Hidayat1, Riastuti Fidyaningsih1, Novita Amie

Lestari1

1Center of Technology for Material, BPPT, Indonesia


In the recent past, an investigation of different formulation with and without silica filler for

passenger tyre tread has been reported. The optimum formulation has been optained, focusing

on carbon black filled natural rubber/butadiene blending. The present study aims to

extensively compare the optimal condition of mastication with three different types of

peptizer. They were Vestenemer, Aktiplast 8 and Rhenosin. The viscoelastic and mechanical

properties of carbon black-filled natural rubber/butadiene rubber blending with different types

of peptizer were investigated and compared to find out the compound providing the highest

compatibility for tyre retread application. A wide variety of rheological properties were

observed, such as payne effect and frequency sweep. The addition of Vestenemer increases

payne effect, hardness, tensile strength, rebound resilience and abrasion properties compared

to others peptizer. It was proofed that Vestenemer was the best peptizer to optimise the

mastication process.

Keywords: peptizer, tyre tread, payne effect, natural rubber, mastication.

PPC-17-Wahid

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE DURABILITY OF POLYMER

BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Zaliha Wahid1,2,*, Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin1, B.T. Hang Tuah Baharudin1

1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra

Malaysia

43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia 2Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering ,Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


In recent years, interest in 3D Printing (3DP) has been increasing and because of this rapid

development, the usage of the printer is not limited for industrial purposes, but as well for

hobbyist for their domestic individual usage. Part production especially polymer based

materials is now even possible outside the traditional factory environment. Because of lower

heat for material fusion, open and uncontrolled ambience and limited nozzle size the

mechanical and aesthetical qualities resulting from these domestic is far below as compared

to professional grade. The study aims to perform mechanical properties comparison between

3D printed polymeric parts fabricated by industrial and domestic open source printer, and

subsequently to prove the hypothesis that the industrial grade printed part has more reliable

mechanical properties. Six specimens were fabricated using each printer type and later tested

for hardness and surface roughness. Comparison were then made between different

fabricating methods and also based on literature study according to type of materials. The

experiments showed that both surface roughness and hardness for plastic parts fabricated by

industrial grade printer is higher than of domestic printer, and showed a good agreement with

the readings in literature study. Therefore, for highly durable parts, it is suggested to use

professional printer. One point to conclude the study, Rapid Prototyping is possible using any

machine, but for Rapid Manufacturing that requires higher durability, it is better to use

industrial grade printer.

Keywords: additive manufacturing, 3D printing, rapid prototyping, polymer.

PSCM-04-Firdaus

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAFTED LIQUID

NATURAL RUBBER/ACRYLIC ACID (LNR-g-AA)

Fazira Firdaus and Siti Fairus M. Yusoff*

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Novel graft copolymer were prepared from chemically modified liquid natural rubber (LNR)

and acrylic acid (AA). Chemical modification of LNR was done by free radical polymerization

using potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator and N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as

crosslinking agent. The grafted LNR then mixed with AA that have been added with KPS and

MBA and stirred for 3 hour under room temperature. The mixture then casted on glass mould

and let them to cross-linked under 120 °C in oven for 1 hour. It was then dried at 60 °C

overnight. The grafted copolymer were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)

and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for structure determination, thermogravimetric

analysis (TGA) for thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for

morphological study. Swelling ratio and gel fraction test were conducted to investigate the

ability of the grafted copolymer with different MBA ratio to absorb water. The swelling ratio

LNR-g-AA after immersion in water increased with increasing amount of MBA. Pore

generation of the copolymer achieved using swelling- deswelling cycle and monitored using

SEM.

Keywords: liquid natural rubber; acrylic acid; grafted copolymer; crosslink.


PSCM-06-Tron

SUPER TOUGH AND HIGHLY STRETCHABLE NANOMICELLE

CROSS-LINK HYDROGELS

Van Tron Tran1, Xiubin Xu1 , Insu Jeon1,*

1School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju,

500-757, Republic of Korea


Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127 DA) with hydrophobic PPO block leading to self-assembling

of the copolymer chains into nanomicelles in aqueous solution can be used to synthesize

hydrogels. Such nanomicelles serve as multifunctional macro-cross-links to copolymerize

with acrylamide (AAm) monomers, generating tough and stretchable hydrogels. UPy unit

with associated multivalent H-bonds, serving as reversible and dynamic crosslinker, was also

introduced to improve the mechanical properties of this hydrogels via the interaction with

these nanomicelles. In this study, super tough and highly stretchable nanomicelle cross-link

hydrogels, showing extraordinary stress and strain properties, were successfully synthesized

with AAm monomer, different percent of F127 DA, and UPy.

Keywords: Hydrogels, high stretchable, tough, nanomicelle cross-link, Pluronic F127, UPy.

PSCM-07-Idris

OPTIMISATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF

HYDROGENATION OF LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER USING P-

TOLUENESULFONYL HYDRAZIDE (TSH) BY RESPONSE SURFACE

METHODOLOGY

Mohamad Shahrul Fizree Idris1, Nur Hanis Adila Azhar1, Siti Efliza Ashari2 and Siti Fairus M. Yusoff1,3*

1 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jalan UPM, 43400 Serdang,

Selangor, Malaysia 3 Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author:[email protected]

Liquid natural rubber (LNR) is a modified natural rubber (NR) which consists of shorter

polymeric chains and low molecular weight resulting from photodegradation process. In this

work, hydrogenated liquid natural rubber (HLNR) was synthesized via noncatalytic

hydrogenation. P-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH) served as the source of hydrogen for LNR

with aids of heat for thermal decomposition. HLNR structure was characterized by Fourier-

transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopics. It was

confirmed by comparing the changes in main peaks featuring carbon-carbon unsaturated

bonds with LNR. The percentage of hydrogenation was calculated from integration on NMR

spectrum. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCRD)

was used to optimise the main important reaction parameters, such as weight ratio of

TSH:LNR, reaction temperature and reaction time. The RSM data showed that the reaction

time and weight ratio of TSH:LNR were more significant in comparison to other factors for

the hydrogenation percentage of HLNR. By using this statistical analysis, a quadratic model

was developed in order to correlate the preparation parameter to the response (percentage of

hydrogenation). The optimum conditions for the noncatalytic hydrogenation of LNR by using

TSH were as follows : weight ratio of TSH:LNR of 1.41, reaction temperature of 118.11 ºC

and a reaction time of 3.84 hours. Under these conditions, the hydrogenation percentage of

HLNR obtained was 81.96 % with a small difference of 1.64. Based on the results,

optimisation was accomplished using RSM instead of by using conventional methods. The

optimum conditions acquired can be used to scale-up the process, minimise the cost and

reduce reaction time.

Keywords: Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Central composite rotatable design

(CCRD), Optimisation, Liquid natural rubber, Hydrogenation.

PSCM-09-Ghapar

UREA COATED WITH CHITOSAN GRAFTED POLY (METHYL

METHACRYLATE) FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE BEHAVIOUR OF

FERTILIZER

Nurul Faizah Abd Ghapar1, Hashim Baharin1, Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim1


81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia


This work focuses on developing a biopolymer which is chitosan to be applied as the coating

materials in controlled release fertilizers (CRFs). Chitosan known to be biodegradable in

nature, thus it can reduce the accumulation of coating materials in the soils after the nutrient

released. Chitosan grafted with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is expected to improve

the coating material since chitosan has many inter- and intra- molecular hydrogen bonding

which make it a rigid, brittle and hydrophilic in nature which affects the processability. Graft

copolymerization of PMMA onto chitosan fiber has been successfully carried out using

potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. 83 % grafting yield was obtained at 70 ⁰C, 6.58

X 10-3 mol/L of KPS and 1mL of monomer. Both chitosan and chitosan-g-PMMA in the form

of beads were characterized by using FTIR, SEM and XRD. FTIR results shows grafting

between PMMA and amino group of chitosan through the increasing of intensities in the

absorption banks at 1726, 1147 and 2952 cm-1 which are created through free radical

mechanism. Surface morphology of the beads were determined by using SEM. The XRD

spectrum for chitosan-g-PMMA spectrum shown the shifted of 2θ due to the grafting of

PMMA onto the chitosan backbone. It is expected that grafted chitosan beads increase

swelling properties so that this materials can be used as coating for fertilizers.

Keywords: controlled release fertilizers, poly (methyl methacrylate), chitosan, FTIR, XRD.

PSCM-10-Thomas

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT

CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES

Merin Sara Thomas1,2, Sabu Thomas2, Laly A. Pothen3*

1Department of Chemistry, Mar Thoma College , Kuttapuzha P.O.,Tiruvalla, Kerala, India-689 103

2International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University,

Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, India - 686 560 3Department of Chemistry , C.M.S College, Kottayam, Kerala, India- 686001


With a view to finding out the antibacterial activity of nanoparticle against E-coli, we prepared

chitosan nanoparticle and its modified form using aloe vera and then prepared hybrid

nanoparticles withsilver.Surface morphology of nanoparticles was studied using TEM analysis.

The physioochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined by zeta potential

analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Measurements, UV-Visible spectroscopy and FTIR

spectroscopy. UV-Visible data confirmed the formation of nanoparticle. From the zeta

potential analysis a comparative study of the different nanoparticles were done. Using TEM

and DLS we studied the size of the nanoparticles formed. FTIR gave an idea about the

functional groups present in it.The antibacterial activity of nanoparticle against E-coli was

evaluated by calculation of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration). The results showed that

antibacterial activity was significantly enhanced by the modification of chitosan nanoparticle.

Keywords: chitosan, nanoparticle, hybrid.

PSCM-11-Mathew

POLYCHLOROMETHYL STYRENE AMMONIUM CHLORIDE FOR

ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS

Manjusha Elizabeth Mathew1, Ishak Ahmad1,*, Sabu Thomas2, Rusli Daik1, Muhammad Kassim1.

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsan

Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia 2Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University,

Priyadarshini Hills P. O., Kottayam, 686560 Kerala, India


Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) are fuel cells that contain polymeric membrane

which conduct anions, such as OH- and Cl-. The advantage of AEMFC is low cost and

membrane stability, especially at elevated temperatures. A low cost anion exchange membrane

for fuel cell is designed by the amination of chloromethyl styrene. Chloromethyl styrene is

homo polymerized by radical polymerization and chemically modified by introducing cationic

quaternary amine groups by amination with trimethyl amine. The amination was done in

different solvents such as DMF, THF, water and ethanol at fixed molar ratios. Furthermore the

membrane is characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Infrared

Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning

Calorimetry (DSC) and elemental analysis. The membranes showed good thermal properties

with temperature of degradation above 2500C and elemental analysis showed that DMF with

80% of trimethyl amine gave better nitrogen content. The results showed that the prepared

material is promising one to apply for the application in AEMFC.

Key words: Anion exchange membrane, chloromethyl styrene, Fuel cell.



PSCM-13-Ismail

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF ACRYLONITRILE BASED POROUS

POLYMER AS A POTENTIAL ADSORBENT TO CAPTURE POLAR

ANALYTES

Farhana Syakirah Ismail1, Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil1*, Luqman Chuah Abdullah2, Rusli Daik3, Sazlinda

Kamaruzaman1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor.

2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang,

Selangor. 3School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti



Poly(AN-co-DVB) was chemically modified with thiourea to functionalise the copolymer with

thioamide groups. The formation of the functional thio group (C=S) was confirmed by IR

spectra. Modified copolymer was sulfonated to form thioamide-modified poly(AN-co-DVB)-

H+SO3 in order to increase its porosity and hydrophilicity. The porosity of copolymer and

modified copolymers were analysed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The pores size

increased due to the disruptions of pores wall during chemical modification. The surface

morphologies of poly(AN-co-DVB), thioamide-modified poly(AN-co-DVB) and thioamide-

modified poly(AN-co-DVB)-H+SO3 were analysed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Thioamide-modified poly(AN-co-DVB) was used as a sorbent to adsorb pharmaceuticals

Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile, thiourea, pharmaceuticals, sulfonation, poly(acrylonitrile-co-

divinylbenzene).


PSCM-16-Yusof

OPTIMIZATION OF THE HYDROGENATION OF LIQUID

NATURAL RUBBER

Muhammad Jefri bin Mohd Yusof1, Ibrahim Abdullah1,Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff1*




The hydrogenation of liquid natural rubber (LNR) using hydrazine hydrate/hydrogen peroxide

(HH/H2O2) system was carried out. Each parameter in the system was optimized to obtain

maximum hydrogenation degree such as the mass of boric acid, mole ratio of hydrazine

hydrate and hydrogen peroxide, reaction time and reaction temperature. As a result, the

highest degree of hydrogenation achieved was 91.2% by using a molar ratio HH/H2O2 of 1:4,

in the presence of boric acid as a promoter at 60 °C and with reaction time of 8 h. Response

surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level, two variable central composite rotatable

design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the interactive effects of reaction time (5.2-10.8 h) and

temperature (45.8-74.1 oC) for the hydrogenation of LNR. The optimum conditions derived

via RSM were: reaction time: 6.7 h and temperature: 55.9 oC. Side reactions that led to

lowering hydrogenation yields were identified to be degradation, cyclization, and crosslinking

that had been confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) chromatogram, proton

nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrum, and swelling test respectively.

Keywords: hydrogenation, liquid natural rubber, optimization, response surface

methodology.


PSCM-18-Teh

BENZO[B]THIOPHENE AND THIOPHENE-ENDCAPPED

THIOPHENE-DIHEXYLOXY-PHENYLENE-BASED FLUORESCENCE

QUENCHING SENSORS FOR FE3+ AND CR3+

Chin Hoong Teh 1,*, Rusli Daik 2, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi 3, Khaulah Sulaiman 4, Hairul Anuar Tajuddin 5,

Norazilawati Muhamad Sarih 5

1ASASIpintar Program, Pusat PERMATApintar Negara,

2School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, 3Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor,

Malaysia 4Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics,

5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Fluorosensors-based thiophene-dihexyloxy-phenylene derivatives were synthesized and its

favorable selectivity for Fe3+ and Cr3+ over a range of other metal cations in acidic medium of

THF-deionized water (7:3, v/v) is described. UV-vis spectra of transition compounds and

thiophene-dihexyloxy-phenylene derivatives were obtained and adopted to explain the binding

site with the metal cations on fluorescence quenching behavior through photoinduced electron

transfer (PET) mechanism. The binding site of the probes with Fe3+ was confirmed by the

appearance of Fe-O stretching peak at about 560 nm together with the vibration mode of Fe-S

stretching at 340 nm in the near-IR spectra. The fluorosensors were displaying prominent

fluorescence ‘ON-OFF’ switching of the thiophene-phenylene -conjugated fluorophore after

binding to Fe3+. It was found that thiophene-dihexyloxy-phenylene derivatives provide rapid

and selective response to Fe3+ and Cr3+ in a linear dynamic range from 1.95 mM – 500 mM.

Keywords: Benzo[b]thiophene, Heavy metal sensors, Iron (III), chromium (III), Quenching,

Thiophene-phenylene.


PSCM-19-Zainuddin

ANTIFOULING PEROPERTIES OF POLY(ETHELYNE GLYCOL)-

POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE POLYURETHANE AGAINST MARINE

BACTERIA

Ain Athirah Zainuddin1, Wan Syaidatul Aqma Wan Mohd Noor2, Rizafizah Othaman1, Takeno Akiyoshi3,

Takahashi Shinya3, Farah Hannan Anuar1*


Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagifo,

Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan


Marine biofouling is a serious phenomenon which caused by the accumulation of marine

organisms on wetted surfaces such as ports, jetties and ship’s hull. This can lead to damages

of the structures and decrease in system performance which in turn increases the consumption

in terms of energy, cost and time. Therefore, one of the strategies is to design antifouling

coatings. In this study, poly(ethylene glycol)-polydimethylsiloxane (PEG-PDMS)

polyurethane copolymers with PEG percentages of 30%, 45% and 65% (by weight) have been

prepared and characterized. The synthesis was carried out by reacting the hydroxyl (-OH)

groups of PEG and PDMS with isocyanate (-N=C=O) groups of 1,6-hexamethyelene

diisocyanate (HMDI). In the reaction, we added glycerol as cross linker. The copolymers were

characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR).

Based on FTIR analysis, the structural determination of the copolymers was determined by

the presence of absorption peak at 3300cm-1 which indicated the formation of urethane links.

This indicated that the –OH groups of PEG and PDMS have reacted to –N=C=O groups of

HDI. The formation of urethane links also was also determined by the absorption peak of

carbonyl of urethane group at 1700cm-1. Flavobacterium sp., Micrococcus sp. and

Staphylococcus sp. were employed to evaluate the antifouling activities of the copolymers.

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies showed that bacteria attachments are less on

copolymer with 30% PEG suggesting potential application in antifouling coatings.

Keywords: Polyurethane, Poly(ethyelene glycol), Polydimethylsiloxane, Antifouling, FTIR.


PSCM-20-Rahman

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF THE STARCH GRAFTED C-2-

SULFOPHENYLCALIX[4]RESORCINARENE FOR ADSORPTION OF

N719 DYE

Nurul Amalina Ab Rahman1, Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak1*, Mohd Azwani Shah Mat Lazim1*




The potential of starch grafted calixarene, C-2-sulfophenylcalix[4]resorcinarene as adsorbent

for N719 dye was investigated. The C-2-sulfophenylcalix[4]resorcinarene was synthesized

before grafting with starch. The calixarene was synthesized by using one-pot reaction of

resorcinol with 2-formylbezenesulfonic acid sodium salt in the presence of concentrated

hydrochloric acid (HCl). Next, the grafting technique was done by reacting the starch and C-

2-sulfophenylcalix[4]resorcinarene with addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and

epichlorohydrin (ECH). Chemical interaction of all the samples was studied by Fourier

Transform Infrared (FTIR). The substitution of calixarene to starch showed the changes of

function group in FTIR spectrum. The adsorption behavior of starch grafted C-2-

sulfophenylcalix[4]resorcinarene was studied by using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis)

spectroscopy . Based on the adsorption of N719 results, the highest percentage of adsorption

was obtained at mass 0.06 g. From this study, it was indicated that starch grafted C-2-

sulfophenylcalix[4]resorcinarene shows the good performance as N719 dye adsorbent.

Keywords: Starch, C-2-sulfophenylcalix[4]resorcinarene, N719, FTIR, UV-Vis.



PSCM-23-Karim

SYNTHESIS OF HOMOPOLYMER POLY(CHLOROETHYL

METHACRYLATE) AND BLOCK COPOLYMER OF

POLY(CHLOROETHYL METHACRYLATE)-BLOCK-POLY(N-

ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) VIA RAFT RADICAL

POLYMERISATION

Nurul Ashikin Sailan1, Khairil Juhanni Abd. Karim1*

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310 Johor Bahru,

Johor, Malaysia


Reverse Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization had been

widely known as a polymerization method due to its controlled mechanism and also the ability

to synthesis various architecture and size of polymer. An approach to synthesis homopolymer

and copolymer of poly(2-chloroethyl methacrylate) (PCEMA) was done by using RAFT

radical polymerization. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was synthesised by

using RAFT radical polymerisation technique from its monomer, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate

(HEMA) by using 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate (CPADB) as the RAFT agent and

4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA) as the initiator to form a macroRAFT. PCEMA

macroRAFT was synthesized from PHEMA macroRAFT by using thionyl chloride as the

chlorinating agent to replace hydroxyl group of PHEMA macroRAFT with conventional

method. Poly(2-chloroethyl methacrylate) (PCEMA) was used as a macroRAFT agent and

copolymerised into block copolymer with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). Poly (N-

isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macroRAFT also had been synthesised by using the same

method to synthesised PHEMA macroRAFT. All the polymers had been characterised by using 1H NMR and FT-IR. The resulting polymers, which were PCEMA macroRAFT and PCEMA-

b-PNIPAM is tested using thiol-click reaction to simulate reaction for biological studies.

PSCM-24-Sis

POROUS COMPOSITE ELECTRODE OF POLY(VINYL

BENZYL)CHLORIDE via MOLECULAR IMPRINTING AND

HYPER-CROSSLINKING TECHNIQUES

Anith Liyana Mohd Sis1, Rusli Daik1*


Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia


Porous poly(vinyl benzyl)chloride has been developed as composite electrode for

electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) by using molecular imprinting and hyper-

crosslinking techniques, molecular imprinted poly(vinyl benzyl)chloride, MI-P(VBC) and

hyper-crosslinked poly(vinyl benzyl)chloride, HPX-P(VBC) respectively. A series of MI-

P(VBC) was prepared by using several templates (toluene, xylene and p-xylene) and ethylene

glycol dimethacrylate, EDGMA as crosslinker. All templates have been selected as they can

produce π-π interaction between template and the monomer (vinylbenzyl chloride).

Meanwhile, HPX-P(VBC) was prepared with the addition of different loading of

divinylbenzene, DVB as crosslinker. The effect on porosity of P(VBC) by these two

techniques were then studied by nitrogen porosimetry (BET) and FESEM. Further, synthesis

of MI-P(VBC) and HPX-P(VBC) has been subjected to amination and sulfonation process to

form anionic-cationic MI-P(VBC) and HPX-P(VBC) propotionately. The introduction of

ionic moieties has produced good contact between electrolyte ion and the electrode itself.

Blend of MI-P(VBC), HPX-P(VBC), anionic-cationic MI-P(VBC) and HPX-P(VBC) and

CNT were analysed by FTIR, CHNS, FESEM, BET, TGA and DSC. The composite

electrodes were then used in EDLC with ionic liquid (EmimBF4) and aqueous (KOH solution)

as the electrolyte. The EDLC’s performance was evaluated by electrochemical analysis:

galvanostatic, charging/discharging, cyclic voltammetry, and alternating current impedance.

Keywords: Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride), molecular imprinted, hypercrosslink, EDGMA,

DVB.

PSCM-27-Subri

HYDRAZINE-MODIFIED HYPERCROSSLINKED

POLY(ACRYLONITRILE(AN)-CO-DIVINYLBENZENE(DVB)-CO-

VINYLBENZYLCHLORIDE(VBC)) AS AN ADSORBENT TO

CAPTURE PHARMACEUTICALS VIA DISPERSIVE SOLID PHASE

EXTRACTION

Nur Nida Syamimi Subri1, Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil1,*, Luqman Chuah Abdullah2, Sazlinda Kamaruzaman1,

Rusli Daik3


2Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra

Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University

Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


In this paper, poly(acrylonitrile (AN)-co-divinylbenzene (DVB)-co-vinylbenzylchloride

(VBC)) terpolymers with high specific surface areas (>1000 m2.g-1) were synthesised by the

hypercrosslinking (HXL) of spherical porous polymer particles with FeCl3 via Friedel Crafts

reaction in nitrobenzene. IR spectra of poly(AN-co-DVB-co-VBC) showed that the

absorption peaks of the CH2Cl bond at 1270 cm-1 were almost disappeared in all HXL

poly(AN-co-DVB-co-VBC) polymers, confirming that the hypercrosslinking reaction was

successful. HXL poly(AN-co-DVB-co-VBC) was then chemically modified by introducing

hydrazine groups onto the matrix of the HXL poly(AN-co-DVB-co-VBC) to develop amine

functionality in terpolymers system. The surface area of hydrazine-modified HXL poly(AN-

co-DVB-co-VBC) was maintained at ~1000 m2.g-1 even after chemical modification. The

extraction of four pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, mefenamic acid, salicylic acid and antipyrine)

from the HXL poly(AN-co-DVB-co-VBC) sorbent before or after amine modification was

analysed using dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) method and GC/MS. It was found

that hydrazine-modified HXL poly(AN-co-DVB-co-VBC) exhibited a higher adsorption

capacity towards selected pharmaceuticals than the unmodified HXL poly(AN-co-DVB-co-

VBC) terpolymer. Thus, it was proved that the hydrazine-modified HXL poly(AN-co-DVB-

co-VBC) is a potential material to capture polar pharmaceuticals.

Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile, hydrazine, hypercrosslinked terpolymer, chemical

modification, pharmaceuticals, DSPE


Poster Presentation

GP-04-Lee

CELLULOSE NANOMATERIAL DERIVED FROM RED ALGAE

MARINE BIOMASS Gelidium elegans

Lee Hwei Voon1*, Chen You Wei1, Juan Joon Ching1, Phang Siew-Moi2

1Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of

Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Nanocellulose was successfully isolated from Gelidium elegans red algae marine biomass.

The red algae fiber was treated in three stages namely alkalization, bleaching treatment and

acid hydrolysis treatment. Morphological analysis was performed by field emission scanning

electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM results

revealed that the isolated nanocellulose had the average diameter and length of 21.8 ± 11.1

nm and of 547.3 ± 23.7 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy

proved that the non-cellulosic polysaccharides components were progressively removed

during the chemically treatment, and the final derived materials composed of cellulose parent

molecular structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that the crystallinity of yielded

product had been improved after each successive treatments subjected to the treated fiber. The

prepared nano-dimensional cellulose demonstrated a network-like structure with higher

crystallinity (73%) than that of untreated fiber (33%), and possessed of good thermal stability

which is suitable for nanocomposite material.

Keywords: Red algae; Pulp; Fiber; Nanocellulose; Polysaccharides

PC-02-Ali

SOME PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX FROM

VARIOUS SPECIES OF THE HEVEA FAMILY

Ruslimie C. A.1*, Asrul Mustafa1 and Adifaiz2, A. F. and Zarawi, A.G.2

1Fine Chemicals & Biomaterials Programme, Technology & Engineering Division, Rubber Research Institute of

Malaysia, Malaysian Rubber Board, 47000, Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malysia

2Genetic Resources & Improvement Programme, Production Development Division, Rubber Research Institute

of Malaysia, Malaysian Rubber Board, 47000, Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia


It is well known that the major commercial source of natural rubber latex in Malaysia even

though there a variety of other latex yielding species in the Hevea family. The interspecies

comparison of the common properties of natural rubber latexes from the Hevea family namely

Hevea benthamiana, Hevea nitida and Hevea spruceana is rarely described. Thus, in the

present study, the Hevea brasiliensis rubber latex was used as benchmark for comparative

purposes. These common properties included several parameters such as glass transition

temperature (Tg), gel, nitrogen and protein content, latex morphology, and particles size of

latex. For the purpose of testing, all the rubber latexes were sampled under standard conditions

from about 100 trees of each species and preserved using 10% (w/w) of sodium dodecyl

sulphate (SDS) in order to avoid coagulation. Generally, most species exhibited fairly similar

properties. The Tg measurement for all latex samples were slightly similar with tolerance about

± 0.3°C. However, certain differences are observed in the results of gel content and rubber

particles of the latexes samples. Hevea brasiliensis exhibited the lowest gel content even

though the nitrogen and protein content are slightly similar compared to rest of the latex

samples tested. Using light scattering, the smallest rubber latex particles size was observed in

Hevea nitida. The results of rubber particles morphology showed distinct differences where the

particles merged after film formation, smaller rubber particles as exemplified in Hevea

benthamiana coalesced into larger particles upon film formation. Thus, the differences in the

rubber particles size analysis in the present study cannot be associated to Scanning Electron

Microscopy results. However, the results described in this paper is considered as preliminary

results and believed to be very important due to the scarcity of information regarding the latex

properties of others species in the Hevea family since most of the described research work are

more focused on Hevea brasiliensis.

Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, Hevea benthamiana, Hevea nitida, Hevea spruceana, latex

properties.


PC-03-Ramli

EFFECT OF LIMONENE ON THE OLEIC ACID-BASED

MICROEMULSION

Zainuddin. N.1, Ahmad. I.1,2, Abdul Rahman. I.3 dan Ramli. S.1,2*


Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 3School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,

Selangor, Malaysia.

The pseudo-ternary phase diagram of Oleic acid/Cremophor rh 40/Transcutol/Water was

prepared along the water dilution line at different ratio of surfactant to cosurfactant (Km). The

optimum ratio of surfactant to surfactant was Km=2:1. The effect of addition limonene as a

mixed oils phase on the system were done with the ratio of oleic acid to limonene at 1:1, 1:2

and 1:3. Addition of limonene is able to form stable microemulsions up to 70-80% w/w water

content for all ratios of oleic acid to limonene. The ratio of limonene:oleic acid (1:1) resulted

on the largest microemulsion region was obtained at the ratio of oil:surfactant/cosurfactant

(Oil:S/CoS=1:9). The isotropic properties of microemulsion phases were confirmed by

polarized light microscopy. Both systems were prepared at Km=2:1 and 1:9 (Oil:S/CoS) as

well as 1:1 (Limonene:Oleic acid). The stability and particle size study was performed for both

systems and its show that the addition of limonene does not change the properties and

microstructure of the system. Electrical conductivity and viscosity study of the systems reveals

that transformation from water-in-oil microemulsion (10% and 20% w/w water) and

bicontinuous microemulsion (30% to 50% w/w water). All microemulsions prepared may have

potentials as a drug delivery system and show high stability for over 6 months at 4, 25 and 37

°C.

Keywords: Microemulsion, drug delivery, limonene, microemulsion phase, phase diagram

PC-04-Othman

THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING NONIONIC

SURFACTANT IN PRODUCING PRECIPITATED CALCIUM

CARBONATE

Anuar Othman*, Rohaya Othman, Siti Noorzidah Mohd Sabri

Mineral Research Centre,

Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia


In this study six experiments were carried out to determine the effectiveness of using nonionic

surfactant in producing precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). All the experiments had used

sucrose as an additive but for the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth experiments a nonionic

surfactant, Triton X-100 was added in different volumes. The volumes of Triton X-100 added

in the respective experiments were 0.5 mL, 1.0 mL, 1.5 mL, 2.0 mL and 2.5 mL. The total

volume of solution used in producing PCC in these six experiments was 1.0 L, flow rate of

carbon dioxide gas used was 1.0 L/min, stirring rate of mechanical stirrer was 1000 rpm and

the experiments were carried out at room temperature. The products of PCC produced were

analysed by using FESEM and XRD.

Keywords: Precipitated calcium carbonate, sucrose, Triton X-100, FESEM, XRD


PCB-20-Salleh

KENAF FIBER REINFORCED HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

COMPOSITES: IMPACT AND THERMAL PROPERTIES AFTER THE

ADDITION OF COMPATIBILIZER

Fauzani Md. Salleh1*, Norsabirin Mohamed2, Aziz Hassan3, Rosiyah Yahya3, Ruth A Lafia-Araga4

1Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kula Lumpur,

Malaysia 2Physic Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kula Lumpur,

Malaysia 3Polymer and Composite Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,

Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

920001 Niger State, Nigeria


Kenaf fiber reinforced high density polyethylene composites (HDPE) were prepared by using

extrusion and injection molding machine. Maleic anhydride high density polyethylene (MA-

HDPE) was added into the kenaf fiber reinforced HDPE as compatibilizer. Characterization

of kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites at different percentages of compatibilizer

contents on impact and thermal properties were studied. Impact data revealed that

uncompatibilized composites exhibited lower peak load and fracture energy when compared

to the compatibilized composites. The addition of compatibilizer into the composites

improved the wettability of composites resulted in a higher energy requirement for fracture.

Thermal properties studies from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement

present that the melting enthalpy (Hm) and degree of crystallinity (Xc) of composites

increased with increasing compatibilizer content up to 8% and then dropped at 12%

compatibilizer content. Dynamic mechanical properties showed that the storage modulus was

enhanced but loss modulus and tangent delta were reduced after the addition of compatibilizer

in the composites. This indicates that the composites produce were tough and not stiff

materials.

Keywords: Compatibilizer, impact, thermal properties, kenaf fiber, composites

PCB-22-Ismail

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION ON TENSILE, THERMAL

AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW DENSITY

POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)/DURIAN SEED STARCH (DSS)

COMPOSITES.

Noor Marlyna Ismail1,a, Hakimah Osman2,b

School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UNIMAP), Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia.


The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of chemical modification of durian seed

starch (DSS) by using acrylic acid (AA) on tensile, thermal and morphological properties of

the low density polyethylene (LDPE)/durian seed starch (DSS) composites. The composites

were prepared using an internal mixer at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and characterized by Universal Testing

Machine (UTM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis

(TGA). Tensile strength and elongation at break are increased whereas tensile modulus

increased for all composites. Chemical modification clearly improved tensile strength and

elongation at break of the composites with small decrement at all filler content. SEM results

revealed that the present of acrylic acid increase interfacial interaction between starch and PE

matrix composites. Thermal analysis results showed that the thermal stability and crystallinity

of the treated LDPE/DSS composites higher than untreated LDPE/DSS composites.

Keywords: TGA, DSC, SEM, durian seed starch, acrylic acid

PCB-23-Ratchawong

MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC

ACID)/ETHYLENE-METHYL ACRYLATE

COPOLYMER/ORGANOCLAY COMPOSITES

Sirinan Ratchawong, Sirirat Watcharawichanant,* Phakjira Hoysang

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn

University Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand


The effect of organoclay on morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of poly(lactic

acid) (PLA)/ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMAC)/organoclay composites were

investigated. The organoclay contents were 1, 3, 5, and 7 phr in PLA/EMAC (80/20 by

weight) blends and compared with the PLA/EMAC composite system. The two EMAC types

containing 24.72 wt% and 29.30 wt% of methyl acrylate copolymer were used to prepare

polymer blends and composites. The samples were prepared by internal mixture and

characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Izod impact tests, tensile tests,

dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The

miscibility of PLA/EMAC blends improved with the addition organoclay because of the SEM

analysis observed the size of dispersed EMAC phase size decreased with increasing

organoclay content. The mechanical properties showed that the impact strength of PLA

improved after added EMAC and the impact strength of PLA/EMAC/organoclay composites

decreased with the addition of organoclay content. The addition of EMAC decreased Young’s

modulus, tensile strength and stress at break of PLA, while the percent strain at break

increased. The addition of organoclay improved Young’s modulus and percent strain at break

of PLA/EMAC blends. The storage modulus of pure PLA was highest because it is harder

than polymer blends and polymer composites system. The degradation temperatures of PLA

improved with the addition of EMAC. Therefore, addition EMAC and organoclay could

improve the thermal properties. The trend of all properties of PLA/EMAC blends and

PLA/EMAC/organoclay composites is similar both EMAC that indicate methyl acrylate

content in EMAC has rather weak effect.

Keywords: Poly (lactic acid); Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer; Organoclay; Composites

PCB-27-Chee

A REVIEW ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ROSELLE FIBRE

REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES

Siew Sand Chee1*, N. Saba1, M. Jawaid1,2, M.T.H. Sultan2,3

1Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP),

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2Aerospace Manufacturing Research Centre, Level 7, Tower Block, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra

Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 3Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM

Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.


In recent year, roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has received attention from researcher and

industries to utilize roselle fiber as reinforcement in polymer composites for different

applications. Roselle fibre is bast fibre having similar chemical and mechanical properties to

well-known bast fibres such as kenaf and jute. The density of roselle fibre is relatively low

which contribute to the light weight and it is one of the most desired factors to use a as

reinforcement material for composites product. Thermal analysis is one of the important

material characterization techniques used to study the performance of the material and its

suitability for different applications. Present review article covers thermal properties such as

thermal degradation investigation by thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA), and differential

scanning calorimetry (DSC) of roselle composites and roselle fibre based hybrid composites.

This review article also investigates the phase transition due to the energy absorb or release,

the physical and mechanical properties by thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA) and dynamic

mechanical analyzer (DMA) of roselle fibre and its composites. Application and future

direction of roselle fibre reinforced composites and hybrid composites were also explored in

this review article.

Keywords: Roselle plant; Roselle fibres; Composites; Hybrid composites; Thermal properties.

PECP-05-Rahman

POTENTIAL OF CHITOSAN DERIVATIVES BASED ON NITRO AS

BIOPOLIMER SOLID ELECTROLYTE

Noriah Abdul Rahman1, Sharina Abu Hanifah1,*, Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak1, Mohd Sukor Su’ait2 and Azizan

Ahmad1


Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 2Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul

Ehsan, Malaysia


The potential of nitrochitosan (pH 1, 5 and 6) as host polymer will investigated. Nitrochitosan

derivative was prepared in various ratios of sodium hydroxide to obtain different pH. The

substitution of new nitro group was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier

Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) as the presence of nitro peak at 1544 and 1362

cm-1. Furthermore, nitrochitosan powder was analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD),

Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The

crystallinity degree of nitrochitosan which calculated from XRD measurement was around

69%. TGA thermogram revealed that nitrochitosan has three stages of degradation. Glass

transition temperatures were approximately 125 ºC for all the derivatives chitosan. Finally,

the conductivity of the films were evaluated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

(EIS).The improvement of ionic conductivity of nitrochitosan film showedat approximately

~10-5.

Keywords: Nitrochitosan, chitosan derivatives, thermal properties, conductivity

PECP-10-Rayung

CONDUCTIVITY STUDY OF JATROPHA OIL BASED-

POLYURETHANE ACRYLATE AS BIO-POLYMER ELECTROLYTES

Marwah Rayung1, M. M. Aung1,2, L. C. Abdullah1,3, S. N. A. Md Jamil2 and A. Ahmad4

1 Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,

Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

Malaysia 3 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia 4 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,

Selangor Malaysia

Polymer electrolytes presents as potential candidates for advance electrochemical application

on the basis of their versatile characteristics such as flexibility, viscoelasticity and simple

preparation. The recent trend has been focusing on bio-based material as polymer electrolyte,

driven mainly by the environmental benefits and the sustainable feature of using renewable

resources. This study demonstrates the use of Jatropha oil-based polyurethane acrylate (PUA)

as an electrolyte. The PUA was prepared by three reaction stages namely epoxidation,

hydroxylation and PU-acrylation. The electrolyte was prepared by doping PUA with various

concentrations of potassium Iodide salt (KI). The PUA electrolyte was characterized by Fourier

transformed infrared spectrometry and the ionic conductivity was measured by using

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The conductivity of pure PUA obtained at

room temperature is 1.09 x 10-8 S/cm. The maximum room temperature ionic conductivity of

1.39 x 10-4 S/cm was achieved for PUA incorporated with 25 wt% KI.

Keywords: bio-based polymer; electrolyte; Jatropha oil

PM-06-Yusoff

NANOFILTRATION POLYELECTROLYTE PANI MEMBRANE

DERIVED FROM LAYER-BY-LAYER FOR PRESSURE DRIVEN

FILTRATION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION

Izzati Izni Yusoff1, Rosiah Rohani1*, Ng Law Yong2, Abdul Wahab Mohammad1

1Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600 Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku

Abdul Rahman, Kajang, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: Tel: +603-89216408; Fax: +60389118345

E-mail address: [email protected]

Polyaniline (PANI) membrane tends to swell and brittle when undergo a long period of doping

especially when membrane was fabricated by using low molecular weight PANI polymer. In

order to produce a flat-sheet PANI membrane in NF ranges, PANI membrane in this study was

modified by introducing polyelectrolytes layer on its surface. The relationship between doping

time and number of polyelectrolytes layer with membrane characteristic were investigated.

From the results, the maximum doping reaction time were 120 min. After doping, the

hydrophilicity and conductivity of the PANI membrane has increased, though they are still in

ultrafiltration (UF) range as confirmed by its MWCO value. Next, introduction of

polyelectrolytes layers on the membranes’ surface has increased the porosity of the membranes

which initially possesses 5,500 Da MWCO value was reduced ten times to 500 Da. Their

surface hydrophilicity and negativity has also increased significantly. Polyelectrolytes

presence via layer by layer (LBL) modification on the membrane surface has formed a stable

membrane with the same permeability even after back-flushing.

Keywords: Polyaniline; membrane; polyelectrolyte; layer-by-layer; characterization

PMA-03-Jose

A LOW COST AEROGEL ENGINEERED FROM CELLULOSE

NANOFIBERS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC WOUNDS

Jiya Josea, Deepu Gopakumara, Avinash R Paia, Daniel Pasequinid, Nandakumar Kalarikkalc., Sabu Thomasa,b*

aInternational and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology bSchool of Chemical Sciences

cSchool of Pure and Applied Physics

Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala-686560, India d Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlandia−UFU, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil

Traditional cotton gauze derived from cellulose has many limitations in the processes of wound

healing. To overcome this problem we developed a new wound dressing’s material engineered

from Mother Nature. In this work, we used modified cellulose nanofibers (CNF) incorporated

with Curcumin for the fabrication of wound healing Aerogel. Curcumin, the principle

curcuminoid found in Turmeric have a strong anti-inflammatory action and a variety of health

benefits. Cellulose nanofibers synthesized from plant waste are promising nanomaterial due to

their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Aerogels were prepared with cellulose nanofibers

with a very low concentration of curcumin by lyophilization. The structure and physical

properties of the aerogel were characterized, and their cytocompatibility, fibroblast

proliferation and in-vitro drug release were evaluated. The results indicated that, compared

with cotton gauze, the cellulose aerogel with curcumin effectively promoted wound healing, as

a result of the presence of macro- and micro-porous architecture. In-vitro drug release studies

showed a slow and steady release pattern. CNF Aerogel with Curcumin Significantly promoted

the migration of epithelial cells and had an excellent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic

microorganisms. We found that Curcumin along with CNF will assist wound healing due to

their anti-inflammatory, anti microbial and antioxidant activities. From the observations we

can conclude that this particular aerogel can be converted in to a novel wound healing dressings

for health care applications.

Key words: Nano Cellulose, Aerogel, Curcumin, Cell proliferation, wound healing

PMA-04-Lee

BIOCOMPATIBILITY STUDY OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS

FOR POTENTIAL BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION

Thean Heng Tan1, Hwei Voon Lee1* and Wageeh Abdulhadi Yehya Dabdawb1


Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are endowed with intriguing properties have attracted a great

interest as they can be utilized in various biomedical applications. Detailed in vitro studies

were executed on CNC nanoparticles to evaluate its blood compatibility plus biocompatibility

and cytotoxicity in a human colon cellular model. CNC nanoparticles were biocompatible

with the human blood cells and no hemolytic effect was observed. Cell culture examination

showed nanoparticles do not exhibit cytotoxicity and does not affect cellular viability of CCD-

33Co cell line. From the results, it can be concluded that the in vitro biocompatibility of the

CNC nanoparticles showed prospective safe utilization for intravenous therapeutic and

diagnostic biomedical application.

Keywords: cellulose nanocrystals, biocompatibility, biomedical application, polysaccharide

polymer, nanoparticles


PNC-06-Abraham

INFLUENCE OF IONIC LIQUID MODIFIED MWCNT NETWORKS

ON RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR AND MICROSTRUCTURAL

DEVELOPMENTS IN STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER

NANOCOMPOSITES

Jiji Abraham1, Soney C George2, Sabu Thomas1

1 International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi

University, P.D. Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India

2 Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering,



Better dispersion of MWCNT in non-polar polymer matrices leads to mulitifunctional

composites with wide range of engineering applications. In the present study non-covalent

surface functionalization of MWCNT using ionic liquid was carried out to improve the

dispersion of MWCNT and to enhance compatibility with SBR matrix. Variations in dynamic

shear rheology of the nanocomposites with MWCNT loading and temperature were

investigated via oscillatory measurements. Viscoelastic measurements revealed that the

complex viscosity η, storage modulus G′, and loss modulus G″ increased with MWCNT

content especially in the low frequency region. A viscous liquid-like rheological behavior at

low MWCNT loadings and a pseudo solid like rheological response at high MWCNT loadings

were observed because of the gradual transformation from individual structures of MWCNT

to polymer bridged MWCNT networks and this leads to a three dimensional MWCNT

network with MWCNT loading. Mobility of SBR macromolecular chains are arrested by the

geometric confinement of three dimensional networks of MWCNT which in turn resulted in

pseudo solid behaviour of filled composites. By plotting G’ vs nanotube loading and fitting

with a power law function, the rheological threshold of these nanocomposites is found to be

0.03vol %. Dynamic viscoelasticity data have been compared with the theoretical Carreau–

Yasuda equation (CY model). Comparison of rheology of two roll mill mixed samples with

samples reprocessed in a Haake internal mixer suggested that reprocessing has a predominant

effect on the dispersion state of MWCNT in SBR matrix. Transmission electron microscopy

analysis was employed to observe dispersion state MWCNT in both cases in a microscopic

scale. Thus, the present investigation is a rare example of comparing extent of dispersion of

MWCNT in SBR fabricated via two different processing techniques with detailed

characterization of melt rheology and morphological analysis.

Keywords: SBR, Ionic liquid, MWCNT, Rheology, CY Model


PNC-08-Nassiba

ELABORATION OF NANOBIOCOMPOSITES BASED ON

POLYCAPROLACTONE (PCL) AND ZINC OXIDE (ZnO).

Sened Nassiba 1* , Djahnite Leila2, El Miloudi Khaled 3,Miguel Angel Lopez Manchado 4

1* Laboratory water and environnement, faculty of technology, university Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef Hay

Salem, national Road N° 19, 02000 Chlef, Algeria

2,3Faculty of sciences departement of chemistry, university Hassiba Benbouali of chlef 4 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polimeros, CSIC Juan de la Cierva,3-Madrid, 28006 Spain


Most synthetic polymers come from petrochemicals. They have a long shelf life which makes

waste disposal difficult. They are an important source of pollution for the environment and

for wildlife. The substitution of synthetic polymers by biopolymers (from renewable

resources) represents an innovative solution for the production of environmentally friendly

materials. They are non-toxic, biodegradable biocompatible and bioresorbable. The latter

have some weaknesses such as sensitivity to water and poor mechanical and thermal

properties. To overcome these limitations, several strategies have been used, such as adding

nanocharges to the biopolymer matrix to form a new class of materials called

nanobiocomposites. Among these nanocharges, metal oxides, especially zinc oxide, are used

in several electronic and optoelectronic fields, such as gas sensors, thermal barriers, etc. We

prepared nanocomposites based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and zinc oxyde (ZnO) with

solution method using chloroforme as solvent; Zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized previously

with chemical precipitation method. Prepared nanomaterials were subjected to various

characterizations: determination of crystallite size of prepared ZnO was revealed through

extensive X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The films were characterized by Fourier

transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope SEM.

The Tensile tests for the prepared films with different nanoparticles loadings showed that

tensile strength of the nanocomposites have been significantly improved compared with pure

PCL.

Keywords: biopolymers, nanobiocomposites, polycaprolactone, zinc oxyde, XRD.


PNC-17-Khairudin

EFFECT OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) ON THE

PROPERTIES OF HYDROPHOBIC SILICA AEROGEL

Fauzul A. K1, Hanieh Kargarzadeh1, Nurul Hanisah Mohd1, Rizafizah Othaman1, Ishak Ahmad1,2

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology

2Polymer Research Center Faculty of Science & Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600

Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


In this study silica aerogel reinforced with difference percentage of cellulose nanocrystal

(CNC) was synthesized through a two-step acid–base sol–gel reaction followed by surface

modification with metyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and freeze-dry to give a flexible,

hydrophobic, and oleophilic properties. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as a

precursor in ethanol (EtOH) medium using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ammonia

(NH3.H2O) as catalysts. The silica aerogel reinforced with optimum percentage of CNC gives

a good mechanical support to the brittleness of silica. Results from BET and SEM showed

that the optimum molar ratio of hybrid composites silica and CNC give a high surface area

which increase the swelling degree of the aerogel. The presence of methyltriethoxysilane

(MTMS) as coupling agent has proven the hydrophobic and oleophilic properties to the

surface of silica aerogel reinforced with CNC that can be futher applied in oil absorption.

Keywords: aerogel, cellulose nanocrystal, oleophilic, sol gel process, hydrophobic


PNC-22-Akbar

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCOMPOSITES

BASED ON PHOTOCURABLE POLYMER MEMBRANE FOR

ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR APPLICATION

Sharifah Nur Atikah Al Yahya1, Rubie Atul Adawiah Ibrahim1, Sharina Abu Hanifah1,2

1School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology

2Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science & Technology, 43600 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi,

Selangor, Malaysia


Nanocomposite materials have widely used in many fields such as industrial, medical, food

processing and agriculture. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of physical

properties of poly (acrylamide-co-ethyl methacrylate) refers as p(AAm-co-PEMA) in the

presence of multi–walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT and silver nanowires, AgNW for

electrochemical sensor application. The produced thin film was analyzed using swelling test,

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron

Microscope (FESEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The highest percentage of swelling was

achieved after 10 minutes for pAAm with the percentage of 98.9 % compared to p(AAm–co–

PEMA), 96.2 %. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of -CH3 functional group detected at

1377 cm-1 and C-O absorption peak at 1168 cm-1 thus proved the copolymer was produced in

the polymerization reaction. FESEM micrograph revealed that the surface of p(AAm–co–

PEMA) nanocomposite membrane with AgNW was rough and uneven. Finally, peak anodic

current, Ipa produced by p(AAm – co – PEMA) with AgNW composite membrane using CV

was relatively higher (7.6 μA) compared to p(AAm–co–PEMA) with MWCNT (0.6 μA).

Keywords: Copolymer, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, electrochemistry,

chemical sensor


PNC-23-Zahiruddin

PROPERTIES OF STARCH/CaCO3 BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS

PRODUCED VIA SOLVENT CASTING METHOD

Siti Mariam Binti Mohd Zahiruddin1, Siti Hajar Binti Othman1,2*

1Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Application of biopolymer starch film has been limited due to poor mechanical and thermal

properties. However, these properties can be enhanced by incorporating plasticizer and

nanofiller particularly calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles into the films to produce

starch/CaCO3 bio-nanocomposite films by solvent casting method. This study investigate the

effects of different types of plasticizers (sorbitol, glycerol, and mixture of sorbitol and

glycerol) and CaCO3 nanoparticles concentration (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt. %) on the properties

of starch films such as mechanical, optical, and thermal properties. It was found that starch-

sorbitol films incorporated with 1 wt. % of CaCO3 nanoparticles resulted in the optimum

mechanical properties. Thermal properties enhanced with the increase in concentration of

CaCO3 nanoparticles. The changes in optical properties were almost negligible.

Keywords: Biopolymer, calcium carbonate, nanofiller, CaCO3 nanoparticles, sorbitol,

bionanocomposite


PNC-25-Jayatin

DEGRADATION STUDY OF LLDPE-STARCH-CLAY

NANOCOMPOSITE FILM USING XENON ARC AND

CHARACTERIZED ON MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL

PROPERTIES

Jayatin1*, Chandra Liza1, Syuhada1

1Center for Polymer Technology, Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology, Puspiptek Office

Area, bld. 460 Banten, Indonesia


Disposable plastic packaging was one of the largest contributors of waste material and had

the lowest recovered material compare to the other municipal solid waste [1]. Blending starch

with commercial plastics such as Linier Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) was the

alternative material for this purpose. Unfortunately this alternative material generally had

poor mechanical properties and transparency [2]. In this work, clay was used to increased

mechanical properties and transparency of packaging film product by well dispersed of clay

on LLDPE-starch nanocomposite. Polymeric materials exposed to the weather will change

due to mechanical, thermal, chemical and light, it could be an initiate factor to the process of

biodegradation [3]. Accelerated photo degradation test was conducted on LLDPE-starch-clay

nanocomposite film with a Xenon Arc, the process condition in light: Irradiant: 0.55 ± 0.01

W/m2 @ 340 nm, duration in one cycle: 4.8 hours. Nanocomposite were prepared from

masterbatch clay, compatibilizers and 10 % wt and 20 % wt of starch, and then extruded with

LLDPE. Samples film was prepared from the compound using Blown film RheomexHaake.

Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer results shows that nanocomposite film with

10 % starch had % transmission higher than pure LLDPE. Nanocomposite film 20 % starch

had % transmission lower than pure LLDPE. The dispersion of clay functions as a nucleating

agent on nanocomposite matrix. Characterization after accelerated photo degradation was

observed in tensile strength and strain break using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Sample

with 10% starch, was 55% decrease in tensile strength after 14 days and sample with 20%

starch already brittle after 7 days, the sample cannot be used as tensile strength specimen.

Meanwhile, pure LLDPE used as a control was decreased 30% in tensile strength after 14

days. Fourier Transform Infra Red spectrophotometer result for nanocomposite 10% and 20%

starch proved that degradation was occurred by increasing the intensity in the wave number

at 1722 cm-1, corresponding to carbonyl bond [4]. The longer the degradation, the intensity

of carbonyl bond was higher.

Keyword: Photo degradation, mechanical, chemical, starch, LLDPE, clay


PNC-26-Derawi

SYNTHESIS OF NANO-STRUCTURED ALUMINOSILICATE FROM

PEG-PPG-PEG (PLURONIC P123) USING TRUE LIQUID CRYSTAL

TEMPLATING METHOD

Darfizzi Derawi1*, Karen Wilson2


Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University, Aston Triangle, B4 7ET Birmingham, United

Kingdom


Aluminosilicate (Al-SBA-15) was synthesized from PEG-PPG-PEG (Pluronic P123)

symmetric triblock copolymer by true liquid crystal templating method with different ratio of

Si/Al (5, 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100). Physisorption analysis showed surface area of Al-SBA-15

between 309 – 815 m2/g by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, pore diameter (3.4 – 4.5 nm)

and pore volume (0.36 – 0.79 cm3g-1) by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method. X-ray diffraction

(XRD) (2 theta angle) was performed by low and wide angle analysis. Morphology and

elemental mapping analysis have been performed by scanning transmission electron

microscope (STEM) with high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) characterisation and

energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Al-SBA-15 can be further upgraded as

nanocatalysts or nanomaterials in various applications such as catalytic reaction, drug

delivery, solar cell and absorbent.

Keywords: Aluminolisilicate, Pluronic P123, True liquid crystal templating method,

Nanomaterials


PNC-28-Zakuwan

MECHANICAL, RHEOLOGICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF

BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS BASED ON K-CARRAGEENAN:

EFFECTS OF HYBRIDIZATION CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS

AND ORGANICALLY MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE.

Siti Zarina Zakuwan, Ishak Ahmad*

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technologies, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia


The purpose of this study is to improve the performance properties of k-carrageenan by

hybridization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and organically modified montmorillonite

(OMMT) as the reinforcing agent. Bio-nanocomposite system, evaluated as a function of filler

volume fraction with difference nano reinforcing agents and hybridization of both CNC and

OMMT. The combined effect of hybridization on the mechanical properties and physical

properties of the obtained bio-nanocomposite films were investigated. Results showed that

the properties of hybridization CNC and OMMT biocomposites improved significantly with

excellent in tensile strength at 4% filler loadings at ratio (1:1) of CNC and OMMT. Significant

reinforcing effects in hybrid bio-nanocomposite attributed to the strong interfacial interaction

over extended interfaces in the system. The rheological test of bio-nanocomposite showed

improvement in viscoelastic properties for hydridization of CNC and OMMT. The

transparency of the bio-nanocomposite films produced retained and hydrophilicity decreased,

indicating that the addition of both CNC and OMMT were well dispersed in polymer matrix,

that have good contribution as packaging application especially in food and pharmaceutical

industry.

Keywords: hybrid bio-nanocomposite, cellulose nanocrystals, nanoclay, mechanical,

thermal, rheology

PNC-31-Lee

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TEMPO-OXIDIZED

NANOFIBRILS FILMS AS ELECTROACTIVE PAPER

S.H. Hassan1,2 and Lee Hwei Voon1, * and T.S. Velayutham 2 and Chen You Wei1


Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Different type of lignocellulosic biomass (coconut shells, coconut husk and pineapple leaves)

was isolated into nanosized fibrils by using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical

(TEMPO)-mediated oxidation in water at PH 10. The fibers were first experienced alkaline

treatment which resulted in removal of hemicellulose and lignin and followed by TEMPO

treatment in order to facilitate the fibrillation process. The extraction of nanofibrilated

cellulose (CNF) was further confirmed by the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

(FE-SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, which the fibrils present

in nanometer range, depending on the fibres origin. The CNF obtained were prepared into

films for electroactive paper (EAPap) applications via fabrication and casting process. This

EAPap is discovered as smart material due to its intelligent response to environment stimuli.

Compared with cellulose-based EAPap, CNF have much smaller diameter (typically <10 nm)

with great properties such as excellent mechanical strength, large surface area, superior

optical properties, high crystallinity, high tensile strength and elastic modulus. Besides, the

higher crystallinity of CNF enhanced EAPap actuation performance by improves its

orientation and aligment of CNF fibre which contribute to increase the mechanical and

piezoelectric properties of EAPap. The CNF films produced were characterized in various

aspects by XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TGA, tensile test and the durability of EAPap was studied

by measuring the bending displacement of EAPap respect to the voltage, frequency and time

reaction. These piezoelectric behavior of CNF films have great potential for CNF- based

EAPap in term of sensors and actuators applications.

Keywords: Lignocellulosic biomass, TEMPO, Cellulose nanofibril (CNF), Electroactive

paper, Smart material


PNC-32-Ruf

MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF

THERMOPLASTIC NATURAL RUBBER (TPNR) FILLED

GRAPHENE NANOPLATET (GNP) NANOCOMPOSITES

Mohd Farid Hakim Mohd Ruf1, Sahrim Ahmad1,2, Chen Ruey Shan1,3, Dalila Shahdan1,4, Farrah Diyana

Zailan1,5

1Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology,

2University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


This research was carried out to investigate the addition of graphene nanoplatets (GNP) on

the mechanical and thermal properties of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR). TPNR matrix

was prepared from polypropylene (PP), natural rubber (NR) and liquid natural rubber (LNR)

in the ratio of 70:20:10, by melt blending method. In this research, LNR was used as

compatibilizer agent in order to enhance the compatibility between matrix and filler phase of

the nanocomposite. The preparation of nanocomposite was performed by two stages. At the

first stage, TPNR/GNP was prepared with 0.5 wt% GNP, was first mixed with LNR under

ultrasonic treatment at 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour and 4 hour. The best mechanical result was

obtained at 3 hour ultrasnonic treatment which was the optimum treatment time. At the second

stage, TPNR/GNP nanocomposite were produced with different content of GNP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5

and 2.0 wt%) at fixed ultrasonic treatment time (3 hour). The addition of GNP led to the

increment in the tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and Young modulus in

which 1.5 wt% GNP gave the best results but then decreased for 2.0 wt% GNP.

Themogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the degradation temperature at about 460 oC and

residues after degradation process increased with the GNP content. Differential scanning

calorimetry analysis (DSC) showed the slight increase in melting temperature when the

weight percentage of GNP increased.

Keywords: Polypropylene, Nanoparticles, Ultrasonic treatment, Melt blending, Thermal

stability


PP-01-Suhaimi

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CATIONIC STARCH

FROM Dioscorea pyrifolia

Elmi Sharlina Md Suhaimi, Wan Yaacob Wan Ahmad*, Azwan Mat Lazim

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Chemical modification of starch from Dioscorea pyrifolia tubers using

glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride as reagent and sodium hydroxide as catalyst in aqueous

medium. The cationic starch produced was confirmed by calculating degree of substitution

using percentages of nitrogen derived by elemental analyzer. This cationic starch was

characterized by using attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR)

spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The –

CN deformation at 855 cm-1 and C-N stretching at 1483 cm-1 proved that reaction occur on

the starch structure. The gelatinized endotherm was disappeared, while the diffraction pattern

changed to single broad peak with reduced intensity.

Keywords: Dioscorea pyrifolia, chemical modification, starch


PP-05-Norizan

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE

MICROSPHERES BY EMULSION AND SUSPENSION TECHNIQUE

Balqis Az-Zahraa1, Nurul Shuhadah1, Muhammad F.B. Daud 2 & Sharifah Nabihah Syed Jaafar1*

1Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti Sains Dan Teknologi,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2Institut of medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysia


Microspheres are formulated to improve largely on medicinal fields such as in vaccination,

drug delivery system, tissue regeneration and more. However, the applications of the

microspheres are limited due to inhomogeneity and small pore size that correspond to cell

attachment failure. The main objective of the study is to prepare microspheres based on oil

palm trunk fibers cellulose by the emulsification and suspension methods. The usage of

polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) acts as an emulsifying agent while in suspension technique,

centrifugation plays an important role to form microspheres. The morphological

characterization of cellulose microspheres was later carried out by optical microscopy (OM),

scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The

results indicate that the obtained porous cellulose microspheres have the potential to be used

in tissue engineering since it is biodegradable, cheap and high availability.

Keywords: Polyvinyl alcohol, Porosity, Centrifugation, OM, SEM, FTIR


PP-08-Yacob

PREPARATION OF STARCH/PEG FILMS AND THEIR

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS

Norzita Yacob1, Khairiah Hj. Badri2, Ainun Zuriyati Mohamed3

1Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia)

Bangi, 43000 KAJANG, MALAYSIA 2 Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 3Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP)

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a nonvolatile plasticizer used for starch gelatinization. In this

study, sago starch films were prepared by a blending and casting method using various amounts

of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The interactions between starch and PEG in the blend were

studied using DSC and FTIR techniques. The tensile strengths and elongation percentages of

the films were also evaluated. The results suggest that addition of PEG increased the properties

of the films. However, elongation at break of the films increased while tensile strength

decreased upon increasing the level of PEG.

PPC-06-Yusof

DEVELOPMENT OF EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER 50 (ENR50)

BASED POLYMER ELECTROLYTES WITH SILICA AS FILLERS BY

USING DRY INTERNAL MIXING METHOD - ELECTROCHROMIC

DEVICE

Anis Tasnim Md. Yusof1*, Razali Idris2, Mansor Abd. Hamid3

1Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang.

2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Perlis 3Advanced Material Research Centre, SIRIM Bhd, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-tech 3/2, Kulim Hi-tech Park, 09000

Kulim, Kedah.


In this study, polymer electrolytes systems prepared comprising different concentrations (in

the form of wt per cent) of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide Li[(CF3SO2)2N] and

silica filler dispersed in ENR50. Polymer electrolytes consist of the ENR50 containing

Li[(CF3SO2)2N, silica filler and the mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) : propylene

carbonate (PC) by using solvent free mixing technique or dry internal mixing. The samples

were obtained in form of free standing and flexible films. The results suggest that the variation

of conductivity with temperature indicates that the silica filled composite has achieved

optimal ionic conductivity 10−4 S cm−1. This formula were used in assemble the

electrochcromic device cell. In this research, we assemble the electrochromic device cell

comprising conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) glass with coated electrochromic film, titanium

dioxide (TiO2) and platinized counter electrode joined by Epoxidized Natural Rubber

(ENR50) based polymer electrolyte systems. Device with ITO glass/TiO2/ENR50 with silica

filler based polymer electrolyte “sandwich like” structure successfully tested as ionic

conductors in electrochromic device. Characterizations such structure, ionic conduction and

thermal stability were performed on the ENR50 based polymer electrolyte and its color–

bleached states transmittance in the fabricated device cell. The ionic conductivity behavior of

the silica-filled ENR50 based composite polymer electrolyte is consistent at elevated

temperature compared to nonsilica-filled system. This finding is very important in improving

the properties of solvent free polymer electrolytes and in the fabrication of electrochromic

device.

Keywords: Polymer electrolytes,ENR50, silica filler, electrochromic device


PPC-07-Alshabanat

LLDPE/ LEAFLET COMPOSITES: CHARACTERIZATION AND

STUDY OF PROPERTIES

Mashael Nasser Alshabanat*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, KSA


Polymer composites were prepared from leaflet of date palm tree as the filler in linear low

density polyethylene (LLDPE) as a matrix. Gum arabic solution was chosen to treat the filler.

The effect of adding 5 wt.% treated leaflet powder on the thermal and mechanical properties

of the composites was studied. The prepared samples were characterized using FT-IR, XRD

and SEM. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis

were used to investigate the thermal properties of the composites. The results showed that

there were some changes in these properties of the composites compared with the unfilled

polymer. The mechanical properties were measured and the Young’s modulus, tensile

strength at break and elongation at break were found to be affected by addition the filler.

Keywords: Linear low density polyethylen, leaflet, date palm, polymer composite, SEM,

DSC

PPC-14-Rahim

EFFECT OF POLYMER VISCOSITY ON AS-SPUN FIBER FROM BIO-

PHENOLIC RESIN

Siti Noorul Aina Ab Rahim1, Sarani Zakaria1*, Sharifah Nabihah Syed Jaafar1, Chin Hua Chia1 & Rasidi

Roslan2

1Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti Sains Dan Teknologi,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia


Oil palm empty fruit bunch is one of the abundant biomass in the world. Bio-based phenolic

resin are economically attractive as it is cheap and easy to produce by liquefaction and

resinification methods. Liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) had been done and

followed by resinification with the addition of formaldehyde (formaldehyde to liquefied EFB

molar ratio = 0.5:1) to synthesis bio-novolac phenol-formaldehyde resin. This resin’s viscosity

was adjusted then followed with electrospinning method to produce as-spun fiber. Voltage

applied during electrospinning was varied range of (15-25 kV) and needle-to-tip distance was

15-25 cm in range. The electrospinning flow rate was kept constant throughout the process.

Results showed that the increment of voltage produce thicker fiber, on the other hand, short

needle-to-tip distance produce thinner fiber. Viscosity of the polymer solution played important

role where low viscosity lead to beads formation instead of fiber. As the viscosity increase, the

variation of voltage and distance showed great effects on the formation of fiber diameter and

morphology.

Keywords: Electrolyte, electrospinning, oil palm empty fruit bunch, pyridine, tensile

PSCM-14-Pasma

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER ORGANOGEL AS DRUG CARRIER

FOR CURCUMIN

1Satriani Aga Pasma, 1Rusli Daik*, 1Suria Ramli, 2Mohd Hanif Zulfakar, and 1Mohamad Yusof Maskat

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600

UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

50300 UKM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Polymer organogels were developed in this study by using monomers derived from oil palm

empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). The focus of formulation was the hydrophobic drug carrier with

increased bioavailibility and penetration of the drugs. Curcumin is one of the hydrophobic

drug that has many advantages in pharmaceutical application. OPEFB cellulose and lignin

derived monomers were used to acquire the polymer organogel formulation. To investigate

the efficacy of polymer organogel permeation, soy lecithin organogel was used as control,

and comparative analysis was performed using Franz diffusion cell. Stability of organogels

was determined by physical assessment at 4oC, 25oC, and 40oC storage and the drug content

(curcumin) was determined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The

characterization of organogel has been done by using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA),

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), pH stability,

Texture Analysis, Rheometer, and Optical Microscopy.

Keywords: Polyesters, Organogel, Drug delivery, Curcumin, Franz diffusiom cell.


PSCM-15-Hanifah

PREPARATION OF COVALENTLY FUNCTIONALIZED

METHACRYLATE-ACRYLATE COPOLYMER BASED

MICROSPHERES FOR LACCASE IMMOBILIZATION

Siti Zulaikha Mazlan1, Sharina Abu Hanifah1,2 *

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

2Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology 43600 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

Bangi, Selangor Malaysia.


Immobilization of laccase on the functionalized methacrylate-acrylate copolymer

microspheres was studied. Poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl acrylate) microspheres

consisting of epoxy groups were synthesized using facile emulsion photocuring technique.

The epoxy group in poly (GMA-nBA) microspheres were then converted to amino groups

with aldehyde group. Laccase immobilization is based on covalent binding via amino groups

on the enzyme surface and aldehyde group on the microspheres. The FTIR spectra showed

the peaks at 1646 cm-1 assigned to the conformation of the polymerization that referred to

GMA and nBA monomers respectively. After modification of the polymer, FTIR peaks that

assigned to the epoxy ring at 844 cm-1 and 904 cm-1 were decreased. The results obtained

from FTIR exhibit a good agreement with the epoxy content method. The activity of laccase-

immobilized microspheres increased upon increasing the epoxy content. Furthermore, poly

(GMA-nBA) revealed uniform microspheres with below 2 µm that contributes to large surface

area of the microspheres to be used as a matrix, thus increased the enzyme capacity and

enzymatic reaction. Immobilized enzyme also shifted to higher pH and temperature compared

to free enzyme.

Keywords: Methacrylate-acrylate, Microspheres, Photopolymerization, Laccase, Covalent

binding

PSCM-22-Kuthi

SACCHARIFICATION OF KENAF CORE AND BAST:

DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATE CONTENTS

Fatin Afifah Ahmad Kuthi1, Nurulhuda Mohd Yunus1, Goh Kae Horng1, Khairiah Haji Badri*1,2

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology

2Polymer Research Center

Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Kenaf fiber comprised of kenaf core (KC) and kenaf bast (KB). Hot water pretreatment

(HWP) was conducted at boiling temperature for 2 hours for both KC and KF. Alkali

treatment using 6% (w/v) of aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was subsequently

performed for 3 hours at room temperature. The percentage of -cellulose and hemicellulose

in both KC and KB increased after HWP. On the contrary, the percentages of -cellulose and

hemicellulose decreased upon NaOH treatment. The percentage of Klason lignin reduced

when KC and KF underwent HWP and NaOH. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

analysis (FTIR) revealed the removal of lignin from both parts of kenaf fiber after NaOH

treatment. This was confirmed when the peaks at 1735 cm-1 and 1246 cm-1 disappeared after

the treatment. Glucose as part of carbohydrate was determined in the fiber and filtrate using

phenol sulfuric (PS) and dinitrosalisylic (DNS) analyses respectively. PS analysis indicated

that the amount of glucose in KC-HWP (0.17 mg/g) was higher than untreated KC (0.13 mg/g)

and KC-NaOH (0.09 mg/g). Different trend in KB fiber where the untreated KB showed the

highest glucose content (0.36 mg/g) followed by KB-HWP (0.29 mg/g) and KB-NaOH (0.18

mg/g). Meanwhile, DNS analysis disclosed the glucose concentrations in KC filtrate for both

treatments were 0.05 mg/mL. In contrast, DNS analysis for KB showed a slightly lower

glucose concentration in KB-HWP filtrate (0.062 mg/mL) compared to KB-NaOH (0.064

mg/mL).

Keywords: Kenaf fiber, compositional analysis, carbohydrate, phenol sulfuric,

dinitrosalisylic (DNS)


PSCM-25-Hamuzan

PREPARATION OF PALM-BASED POLYURETHANE-

MONTMORILLONITE MEMBRANE VIA CONDENSATION

POLYMERISATION

Hawa Aqilah Hamuzan1, Khairiah Haji Badri1,2*

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology,

2Polymer Research Centre,

Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


Polymer has been widely used as a membrane in gas separation. In this research, PU

membrane with the addition of montmorillonite (MMT) has been developed. MMT is added

to improve the separation efficiency. The mixture of palm kernel oil-based monoester (PKO-

p) and polyethylene glycol (PEG200, MW of 200 Da) was reacted at 1:1 ratio with 4,4-

methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) by using condensation polymerization method.

Industrial grade acetone (20% w/w) was used as the solvent in the pre-polymerization. MMT

was added into the system as a filler at 1, 3 and 5% w/w and labelled as PU0 (control PU

without MMT), PU1, PU3 and PU5 respectively. The PU system was prepared via solution

casting on Teflon plate. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of the amide peak (-NH) and

the absence of hydroxyl peak (-OH) indicated the formation of the urethane backbone.

Thermal properties of PU membranes were determined by using differential scanning

calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA) techniques. Tensile test was conducted and

the tensile strain, stress and modulus were obtained to optimize the parameters before the

verification stage for gas separation. Morphology of the PU was observed via scanning

electron microscopy (SEM). There was no occurrence of phase separation. The SEM analysis

indicated a homogenous distribution of MMT in the PU system.

Keywords: membrane, MMT, polyol, polyurethane, palm-based


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