Movement Terminology

Course Content

I. Introduction to the Course

II. Biomechanical Concepts Related to Human Movement

III. Anatomical Concepts Related to Human Movement

IV. Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement

Movement Terminology

1. Types of motion

2. Reference systems

3. Fundamental movements in the sagittal plane

4. Fundamental movements in the frontal plane

5. Fundamental movements in the transverse plane

Types of Motion

motion – change in position with respect to some reference frame

What causes motion?

Force!!!

Linear Motion – Point Model

curvilinearrectilineartranslationRole of COG?Definition

DefinitionAxis – fixed or movingrotationRole of COG?

Angular Motion – Link Model

General Motion

Reference Positions

Fig 2.9

Fundamental Standing Position

Anatomical Standing Position

2-6

Planes & AxesSagittal PlaneMediolateral (ML)Axis

FrontalAxis

Bilateral Axis

2-6

Sagittal PlaneMediolateral (ML)Axis

Frontal PlaneAnteroposterior (AP) Axis

SagittalAxis

2-6

Sagittal PlaneMediolateral (ML)Axis

Frontal PlaneAnteroposterior (AP) Axis

Transverse PlaneSuperior-Inferior(SI) Axis

Longitudinal Axis

Vertical Axis

Movement Terminology

1. Types of motion

2. Reference systems

3. Fundamental movements in the sagittal plane

4. Fundamental movements in the frontal plane

5. Fundamental movements in the transverse plane

Sagittal Plane – Fundamental Movements Flexion Extension Hyperextension

Hyperflexion Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion

Flexion and extension do not refer to muscle contraction!!!

Frontal Plane – Fundamental Movements Abduction Adduction Left lateral flexion Right lateral flexion Hyperabduction Hyperadduction Radial deviation Ulnar deviation Inversion Eversion

To observe, look at the plane, down the axis!!!

Transverse Plane – Fundamental Movements Medial rotation

Inward, Internal Lateral rotation

Outward, External Left rotation Right rotation Supination Pronation

Forearm in neutral position

Transverse Plane – Fundamental Movements Horizontal adduction Horizontal abduction

Other Points

Circumduction combines sagittal (flexion, extension) and frontal plane (abduction, adduction) motions.

Although inversion & eversion occur around the long axis of the bone like transverse plane movements, they are considered frontal plane movements because of the orientation of the foot in anatomical position.

All movements defined in this slide show are rotational movement, even though we use the word rotation only for transverse plane motions.

Other Points (cont.)

Not all joints permit movement in all 3 planes – learn the planes of movement associated with each joint.

Movement terms for each plane vary across joints – learn appropriate terminology for each joint.