The Civil Rights The Civil Rights MovementMovement

People of the MovementEvents of the MovementGroups of the MovementLegislation of the Movement

People of the MovementPeople of the Movement

*Head of SCLC

*Organized bus boycott

*Involved in Selma marches

*Believed in nonviolent protest

*Received Nobel Peace Prize in 1964

*Assassinated in 1968

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Georgia governor (1967-1971)Believed in segregation

Fought federal civil rights efforts

Encouraged people to have children enroll in private school rather than integrate

Ended up appointing more blacks than other governors

Lester Maddox

Georgia governor who won in special election after 3 governors controversy

Most of his legacy in education

Herman Talmadge

Mentor and teacher to MLK

President of Morehouse College

Believed in nonviolence, went to India and met Ghandi

Benjamin Mays

Head NAACP lawyer with key victories

NAACP lawyer in Brown case

First black justice of Supreme Court

Thurgood Marshall

First two blacks admitted to the University of GA

GA Governor Vandiver supported the decision of them entering, although he ran being against integration

Both went on to successful careers: Holmes became a doctor and Hunter a journalist

Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes

1st black mayor of major Southern city

1st black mayor of Atlantain 1973

Maynard Jackson

-Served in U.S. Congress-Ambassador to the United Nations-Elected mayor of Atlanta 1982-Helped Atlanta win bid for 1996 OlympicsAndrew Young

Events of the MovementEvents of the Movement

Began when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus

Led by MLK Jr.

Boycotted bus system for over a yearMontgomery Bus Boycott

-Began when elected Gov. Eugene Talmadge died before taking office

-Supreme Ct. ruled newly elected Lt. Gov. Thompson was governor, but special election would be held

-Herman Talmadge then elected (who legislature wanted as gov.)

Three Governors Controversy

-Led by Dr. William Anderson

-Massive boycotts and sit-ins at major department stores and restaurants

-Not much media attention, movement collapses

Albany Movement

-High point of intensive voter registration project

-Also called Mississippi Summer Project-sent 1000 volunteers to register and teach civics to blacks

-June 1964, mainly because Mississippi had almost NO black voters

Freedom Summer

-The Selma to Montgomery marches were three marches in 1965

-Wanted voting right movement in Selma -Many prominent leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr.

Selma Marches

-Largest political protest rally

-Goal to convince President to sign Civil Rights Bill

-More than 200,000 people

-MLK Jr. gave “I have a dream” speech

March on Washington

Groups of MovementGroups of Movement

Goal was to organize students on campuses

One of most active groups in movement

Involved in nearly every major peaceful campaign

SNCC

Formed in Georgia

Goal to discover how people felt about integration

Found people would rather close schools than integrate

Sibley Commission

Congress of Racial Equality

Formed in 1940’s to help end segregation in the North

Worked with other groups like the SNCC, SCLC, and NAACP towards nonviolent protest

CORE

Formed by W.E.B. DuBois and several white northerners

Goal to achieve legal victories for blacks

Greatest victory Brown decision

NAACP

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Founded in 1957 by MLK

Leaders preached love and nonviolence

Important role in many campaigns 1957 to 1965

SCLC

Legislation of the Legislation of the MovementMovement

Supreme Court decision that desegregated public school in 1954

NAACP chief lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued the case

Unanimous ruling from Warren Court

Brown v. Board of Education

1956 new GA flag approved

After Brown decision, some saw it as protest of desegregation

Others said it reflected heritage

Changed in 2001 and then again in 2003

Georgia 1956 flag

Signed by Lyndon Johnson…tougher bill than JFK proposed

Outlawed discrimination and segregation based on race, nationality, and gender

Civil Rights Act 1964

Response to Selma marches

Designed to safeguard blacks right to vote

Outlawed literacy tests (poll taxes outlawed in 24th amendment in 1964)Voting Rights Act of 1965