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www.grammarsaurus.co.uk Grammarsaurus
Mountains, Volcanoesand Earthquakes
Geography
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1Volcanoes
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2Volcanoes
Tell me...
Three things that you think you
know about Volcanoes
Three things that you would like to
know about Volcanoes
grammarsaurus.co.uk
VolcanoesWhat I would like to know about VolcanoesWhat I think I know about Volcanoes
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3What is a Volcano?
A volcano is a mountain or hill, which has a crater or vent at
the top. Lava (magma), rock fragments, hot vapour and gas
travel through the vent which has erupted from the Earth’s
crust. Its name comes from the Roman God of Fire, Vulcan.
Crater/Vent Lava (magma) Hot vapourRockFragments
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4What makes a Volcano?
ash/gas
crater
layers of ashand lavalava flow
magma
side vent
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5Parts of a Volcano?
Vent
Volcanic materials
escape through the
vent, it is an opening
in the Earth’s surface.
Ash/Gas
This is created when
volcanoes explode.
Crater
This is where the eruption
takes place, it is a large hole
surrounding the vent.
Lava/Magma
Lava is also known as
magma, this is the hot liquid
rock which is hidden under
the Earth’s surface. Once it
comes out of the volcano, it
is called lava.
ash/gas
crater
layers of ashand lavalava flow
magma
side vent
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6Under the Earth’s Surface
Crust- This is the outer layer of the Earth. Itis made up of lots of different sized pieces,which overlap. These pieces are known astectonic plates and can be anythingbetween 5km- 10km thick.
The Mantle- This is the magma, it isapproximately 2900km thick.
The Outer Core- is a layer which is made upof liquid, mostly iron and nickel. It isapproximately 2300km thick.
The Inner Core- is a solid ball which is madeof metal. It is believed to be as hot as thesun’s surface!
Volcanoes are createdby openings in theEarth’s surface.
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
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7An erupting volcano lets the lava, hot vapour,
and the rock fragments escape through the
crater, sometimes creating violent and
spectacular eruptions.
An erupting volcano is also known
as an active volcano.
A dormant volcano is an
active volcano, which is
not currently eruptingbut
may erupt in the future.
An extinct volcano has not
had an eruption for at
least 10,000 years. It is
unlikely that an extinct
volcano will erupt again.
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8What causes an eruption?
As the tectonic plates move within the Earth’s
crust, friction is created. This in turn, causes
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
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9Where are volcanoes found?
Many of the world’s active volcanoes are located
around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.
One specific area which hosts a large number of
volcanoes is known as The Ring of Fire.
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10
The largest active volcano
in the world is known as Mauna Loa,
which is situated in Hawaii.
It measures 2000 square miles.
It is even taller than Mount Everest!
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11Other Famous Volcanoes
Mount St Helen’s.This volcano can be found in
Washington, USA. It erupted in 1980.
It is considered to be an active
volcano and is watched carefully to
try and predict when it may erupt in
the future.
This volcano can be found in Naples,
Italy. It erupted in 79AD.
It has erupted over 50 times in the last
2000 years. It is over 1200m tall.
It is believed to be around
17,000 years old.
Mount Vesuvius.
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12Your Tasks
Finished? Challenges and Volcano Word search
Using the key word list, label the volcano
diagram
Label the volcano using your own labels and
vocabulary- how many labels can you add?
Label the volcano and add description to
each feature you find.