Motivation at WorkGroup 2

Tina ExumDavid Embers

Morgan BowneWei Cai

Blueprint Define motivation Manslow’s hierachy of needs Theory of motivation Expectancy theory

 

Motivation

MotivationMotivation is the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior.

Motivation

• next level• When a level of needs is

satisfied, it no longer motivates. Individuals then move on to the next level of needs

• Individuals drive toward self-actualization

Three Theories of Motivation

InternalFocus on variables within individual that lead to motivation and behavior.

ProcessEmphasize nature of interaction between individual and environment.

ExternalFocus on elements in the environment to explain motivation and behavior.

Motivation

MANSLOW HIERACHY OF NEEDSMaslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards. Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulifil the next one, and so on.The earliest and most widespread version of Maslow's (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needs includes five motivational needs, often depicted as hierachical levels within a pyramid.

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Motivation

MANSLOW HIERACHY OF NEEDSExample From Case Study:

The process of constructing a green/energy efficient building must be

done through levels of needs. Levels will focus on cost reduction and waste reduction and will achieve productivity and profitability. To achieve success in constructing a green building we must start from the bottom and finish then

progress to the next level

McGreggors Theory X and Theory Y

Lower Order Needs:

-physiological

-safety needs

Higher Order Needs:

-Social

- esteem

- self-actualization

Motivation

McGreggor’s Theory X assumptions are suitable for those

individuals motivated by the lower order needs

that people lack ambition, dislike responsibility and work as little as possible

prefer to be lead, but are also resistant to change

Motivation

McGreggor’s Theory Y

For individuals motivated by the higher order needs

organized, have potential for development, and assume responsibility

strong and ready to direct others and excel at task management.

Motivation

McGreggor’s X Theory and Y Theory Now, this theory is helpful when one

recognizes an individual’s achievement of Theory Y. Because of the recognition of Theory Y, Fortune 1000 corporations arise and excel at employee motivations.

Motivation

Example From Case Study:-Theory X individuals that are having to be

persuaded understand that there is a need to save energy and go green.

-Theory Y position are doing whatever needs to be done to save our communities.

McGreggor’s X Theory and Y Theory

Motivation

Expectancy Theory of Motivation

Motivation Problems 1. Failure to believe in a correlation

between effort and performance

2. Believing that performance will not cause rewards.

3. Rewards are unappealing or dissatisfying to one and thus the reward offered is no longer desired

Moral Maturity Moral Maturity is measured by

someone’s moral development and decisions based upon ethical principles.

Motivation

Expectancy Theory of Motivation

3 key points:1. Valence: Value or importance of something to an individual2. Expectancy: Belief that efforts lead to performance 3. Instrumentality: Performance correlates to rewards

Motivation

Expectancy TheoryIt explains motivation in terms of an individual’s perception of the performance process.

Two Basic Notions of Expectancy Theory

1. People expect certain outcomes of behavior and performance.

2. People believe that the effort they put forth is related to the performance they achieve and the outcomes they receive

Motivations

Example From Case Study

Model of Expectancy Theory

Example From Case Study Pittsburgh city

Motivations